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b(mo)q(del)h(of)f(the)h(tasks)e(required)j(to)d(p)q(erform)i(a)f (particular)h(op)q(eration.)k(The)c(k)o(ey)f(elemen)o(ts)189 1112 y(in)e(this)g(mo)q(del)h(are)e(the)h Fd(tasks)f Fn(required)h(for)f(a)h(single)h(business)g(pro)q(cess,)f(and)g(the)f Fd(assignment)189 1168 y Fn(of)j(tasks)h(to)f(v)m(arious)i(agen)o(ts.) 143 1261 y Fm(\017)23 b Fn(A)13 b(mo)q(del)h(of)e(the)i(capabilities)h (required)f(of)f(the)g(agen)o(ts)f(who)h(p)q(erform)g(that)f(op)q (eration.)20 b(The)189 1317 y(k)o(ey)14 b(elemen)o(ts)h(of)e(this)i(mo) q(del)g(are)f Fd(agents)g Fn(\(h)o(uman)g(or)f(automated\))g(and)i (their)f Fd(c)n(ap)n(abilities)p Fn(.)143 1409 y Fm(\017)23 b Fn(A)14 b(mo)q(del)i(of)e(the)g(comm)o(unication)i(required)f(b)q(et) o(w)o(een)g(agen)o(ts)f(during)h(the)g(op)q(eration.)20 b(The)189 1466 y(k)o(ey)15 b(elemen)o(ts)h(of)e(this)i(mo)q(del)g(are)f Fd(tr)n(ansactions)p Fn(.)143 1558 y Fm(\017)23 b Fn(A)15 b(mo)q(del)h(of)f(the)g(exp)q(ertise)h(required)h(to)d(p)q(erform)h (the)g(op)q(eration)h(\(see)f(b)q(elo)o(w\).)143 1650 y Fm(\017)23 b Fn(a)16 b(mo)q(del)i(of)f(the)g(design)h(of)e(a)h(KBS)h (to)e(p)q(erform)h(all)h(or)e(part)g(of)h(this)g(op)q(eration.)26 b(The)17 b(k)o(ey)189 1707 y(step)e(in)h(a)f(CommonKADS)g(design)i(mo)q (del)f(is)g(\(usually\))g(a)f Fd(functional)h(de)n(c)n(omp)n(osition)e Fn(of)h(a)189 1763 y(kno)o(wledge-based)h(pro)q(cess)f(in)o(to)g(its)h (comp)q(onen)o(t)f Fd(functional)h(units)p Fn(.)75 1876 y(The)d(k)o(ey)g(mo)q(del)h({)f(the)g Fd(exp)n(ertise)h(mo)n(del)f Fn({)f(is)i(divided)h(in)o(to)e(three)g(\\lev)o(els")h(represen)o(ting) g(di\013eren)o(t)75 1932 y(viewp)q(oin)o(ts)i(on)f(the)h(exp)q(ert)f (kno)o(wledge:)143 2056 y Fm(\017)23 b Fn(The)13 b Fe(domain)i(kno)o (wledge)d Fn(whic)o(h)i(represen)o(ts)f(the)f(declarativ)o(e)i(kno)o (wledge)f(in)h(the)f(kno)o(wl-)189 2113 y(edge)j(base.)22 b(The)17 b(k)o(ey)e(elemen)o(ts)i(in)g(domain)f(kno)o(wledge)h(are)f Fd(c)n(onc)n(epts)p Fn(,)e Fd(pr)n(op)n(erties)i Fn(of)g(con-)189 2169 y(cepts,)f(and)g Fd(r)n(elations)p Fn(.)k Fd(T)m(asks)13 b Fn(can)i(also)g(b)q(e)h(considered)g(to)e(b)q(e)i(part)f(of)f(the)h (domain)h(kno)o(wl-)189 2226 y(edge)f(in)h(some)f(circumstances.)143 2318 y Fm(\017)23 b Fn(The)13 b Fe(inference)h(kno)o(wledge)f Fn(whic)o(h)g(represen)o(ts)g(the)g(kno)o(wledge-based)h(inferences)g (whic)o(h)189 2374 y(are)19 b(p)q(erformed)h(during)h(problem)f (solving.)34 b(Inference)21 b(kno)o(wledge)g(is)f(represen)o(ted)g (using)189 2431 y Fd(infer)n(enc)n(e)10 b(functions)f Fn(\(inferences)j(whic)o(h)f(m)o(ust)f(b)q(e)h(made)g(in)g(the)g (course)f(of)g(problem)h(solving\))189 2487 y(and)17 b Fd(know)r(le)n(dge)h(r)n(oles)e Fn(\(domain)i(kno)o(wledge)g(whic)o (h)g(forms)e(the)i(input)g(and)g(output)f(of)g(the)189 2544 y(inference)f(functions\).)143 2636 y Fm(\017)23 b Fn(The)16 b Fe(task)j(kno)o(wledge)d Fn(whic)o(h)h(de\014nes)g(a)f (pro)q(cedural)i(ordering)e(on)h(the)f(inferences.)25 b(The)189 2692 y(k)o(ey)18 b(elemen)o(ts)h(at)f(this)h(lev)o(el)g(are)g Fd(tasks)e Fn(and)i(their)g(decomp)q(osition;)i(in)e(this)g(resp)q (ect,)g(this)189 2749 y(lev)o(el)d(is)g(v)o(ery)f(similar)h(to)f(the)g (CommonKADS)g Fd(task)h(mo)n(del)p Fn(.)p eop %%Page: 5 5 5 4 bop 75 274 a Fn(The)18 b(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)f(these)i(three)f(lev) o(els)h(can)f(b)q(e)h(de\014ned)g(graphically)l(,)h(or)e(using)h (CommonKADS')75 330 y(Conceptual)c(Mo)q(delling)h(Language)e([Bv94)o(]) f([dHMW)1030 314 y Fo(+)1059 330 y Fn(93])g([SW)-5 b(AdV94].)19 b(F)l(or)13 b(a)h(w)o(ork)o(ed)f(example)75 387 y(of)i(the)g(dev)o (elopmen)o(t)h(of)f(eac)o(h)g(of)g(these)g(three)g(lev)o(els,)i(see)e ([Kin93b)q(].)75 465 y(CommonKADS)10 b(mo)q(dels)h(are)f(t)o(ypically)h (dev)o(elop)q(ed)h(concurren)o(tly)f(with)f(the)h(acquisition)g(of)f (kno)o(wl-)75 522 y(edge;)18 b(initial)h(kno)o(wledge)f(acquisition)g (is)g(used)g(to)e(p)q(opulate)i(higher)g(lev)o(el)g(mo)q(dels)g(\(e.g.) 25 b(the)17 b(or-)75 578 y(ganisational)d(or)g(task)f(mo)q(dels\))h (and)g(then)g(these)g(mo)q(dels)g(ma)o(y)g(b)q(e)g(used)g(to)f(do)q (cumen)o(t,)i(structure,)75 635 y(or)h(guide)h(kno)o(wledge)f (acquisition.)24 b(P)o(artially)17 b(completed)g(mo)q(dels)g(and/or)f (generic)h(mo)q(dels)g(ma)o(y)75 691 y(ev)o(en)i(b)q(e)g(presen)o(ted)g (to)f(the)h(exp)q(erts)f(to)g(allo)o(w)h(them)f(to)g(commen)o(t)g(on)h (the)f(appropriateness)h(of)75 747 y(the)h(mo)q(dels;)i(this)f(tec)o (hnique)g(is)f(similar)h(to)e(the)h(\\rapid)g(protot)o(yping")f (\(iterativ)o(e)h(re\014nemen)o(t\))75 804 y(approac)o(h)c(whic)o(h)i (w)o(as)d(p)q(opular)j(in)f(the)g(early)f(da)o(ys)h(of)f(KBS)h(dev)o (elopmen)o(t.)25 b(The)16 b(k)o(ey)h(di\013erence)75 860 y(is)j(that)e(the)h(CommonKADS)g(mo)q(dels)h(are)f(b)q(eing)i (iterativ)o(ely)f(re\014ned,)g(rather)f(than)g(an)g(imple-)75 917 y(men)o(ted)f(system;)h(this)g(remo)o(v)o(es)f(man)o(y)f(of)h(the)g (problems)h(whic)o(h)g(w)o(ere)f(asso)q(ciated)h(with)g(\\rapid)75 973 y(protot)o(yping")13 b(of)h(a)g(KBS,)h(suc)o(h)g(as)f(lac)o(k)g(of) g(do)q(cumen)o(tation,)g(and)h(di\016culties)h(in)g(iden)o(tifying)g (and)75 1030 y(justifying)g(design)g(decisions.)75 1108 y(F)l(or)f(more)f(details)j(on)e(the)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)f(of)h(all)h(the) g(mo)q(dels)g(describ)q(ed)h(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e,)d(see)i([dHMW)1659 1092 y Fo(+)1688 1108 y Fn(93)o(].)75 1272 y Ff(3)69 b(O-Plan:)30 b(The)22 b(Op)r(en)h(Planning)f(Arc)n(hitecture)75 1395 y Fn(The)15 b(dev)o(elopmen)o(t)h(of)f(op)q(en)h(planning)h(and)e (sc)o(heduling)i(systems)e(seeks)g(to)f(supp)q(ort)i(incremen)o(tal)75 1451 y(extension)h(and)f(c)o(hange,)g(and)g(to)f(facilitate)i(comm)o (unication)g(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)f(pro)q(cessing)h(agen)o(ts)e(\(b)q(oth) 75 1508 y(automated)h(and)h(h)o(uman\).)24 b(The)17 b(need)g(to)f(supp) q(ort)h(in)o(ter-pro)q(cess)g(comm)o(unication)h(has)e(b)q(ecome)75 1564 y(apparen)o(t)f(from)g(practical)i(exp)q(erience;)h(unforeseen)e 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b(This)13 b(mo)q(del)h(normally)f(con)o(tains)g(declarativ)o(e)h (information)f(ab)q(out)75 493 y(ph)o(ysical)f(ob)s(jects,)e(states)g (whic)o(h)h(ob)s(jects)f(can)h(b)q(e)g(in,)h(and)f(relationships)h(b)q (et)o(w)o(een)e(ob)s(jects;)i(ob)s(jects)75 550 y(and)19 b(states)e(are)h(represen)o(ted)h(using)g Fd(c)n(onc)n(epts)e Fn(and)h Fd(pr)n(op)n(erties)p Fn(,)h(while)h(relationships)g(are)e (repre-)75 606 y(sen)o(ted)13 b(b)o(y)g Fd(r)n(elations)p Fn(.)18 b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)12 b(domain)h(information)g(in)h(O-Plan)g (includes)h(a)e(description)h(of)f(the)75 663 y Fd(activities)h Fn(whic)o(h)i(can)f(b)q(e)g(undertak)o(en)g(to)f(ac)o(hiev)o(e)h(v)m (arious)h(planning)g(tasks,)e(as)g(w)o(ell)i(as)e(informa-)75 719 y(tion)k(on)g(ph)o(ysical)h(resources)f(a)o(v)m(ailable)i(to)d(the) h(planning)h(pro)q(cess)g(\(e.g.)27 b(helicopters,)19 b(lifeb)q(oats,)75 775 y(hospitals\),)c(and)h(p)q(ossible)h(states)d (of)h(those)g(resources.)20 b(The)15 b(need)h(to)f(represen)o(t)g 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b(1992.)p eop %%Trailer end userdict /end-hook known{end-hook}if %%EOF