1834 in science (original) (raw)

The year 1834 CE in science and technology.

Astronomy

Hermann Helmholtz proposes gravitational contraction as the energy source for the Sun
Johann Heinrich von M�dler and Wilhelm Beer publish Mappa Selenographica, the most complete map of the moon up until that time
Thomas Henderson appointed first astronomer-royal for Scotland

James Paget discovers in human muscle the parasitic worm that causes trichinosis
F�lix Dujardin proposes that single-cell animals should be classified in a group by themselves

The Triassic is named by Friedrich August Von Alberti for the three distinct layers of redbeds, capped by chalk, followed by black shales that are found throughout Germany and Northwest Europe, called the 'Trias'

Carl Gustav Jakob Jacobi discovers his uniformly rotating self-gravitating ellipsoids
John Scott Russell observes a nondecaying solitary water wave (soliton) in the Union Canal near Edinburgh and uses a water tank to study the dependence of solitary water wave velocities on wave amplitude and water depth

�mile Clapeyron presents a formulation of the second law of thermodynamics
Heinrich Lenz discovers Lenz�s law
Jean-Charles-Athanase Peltier discovers the Peltier effect
Michael Faraday publishes "On Electrical Decomposition" in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society (in which Faraday coins the words electrode, anode, cathode, anion, cation, electrolyte, electrolyze).

January 7 � Johann Philipp Reis, physicist, inventor († 1874)
January 15 - Frederick DuCane Godman, lepidopterist, entomologist and ornithologist († 1919)
January 17 - August Weismann, biologist († 1914)
February 7 � Dmitri Mendeleev, chemist († 1907)
February 16 � Ernst Haeckel, zoologist († 1919)
March 17 - Gottlieb Daimler, engineer, automotive pioneer († 1900)
April 30 - John Lubbock, naturalist and archaeologist († 1913)
August 5 � Ewald Hering, physiologist († 1918)
August 22 � Samuel Pierpont Langley, astronomer († 1906)
December 15 � Charles Young, astronomer († 1908)