Computing (original) (raw)
Originally the word computing was synonymous with counting and calculating, and a computer was a person who computes. Since the advent of the electronic computer, it has come to also mean the operation and usage of these machines, as well as the electrical processes carried out within the computer hardware itself.
| Table of contents |
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| [1 Science and Theory](#Science and Theory) 2 Hardware 3 Software [4 History of computing](#History of computing) [5 Business computing](#Business computing) [6 Human factors](#Human factors) [7 Computer security](#Computer security) 8 Data [8.1 Numeric Data](#Numeric Data) [8.2 Character Data](#Character Data) [8.3 Other Data Topics](#Other Data Topics) 9 Mechatronics [10 Classes of computers](#Classes of computers) [11 Companies - current](#Companies - current) [12 Companies - historic](#Companies - historic) [13 Professional organizations](#Professional organizations) [14 Standards organizations and consortia](#Standards organizations and consortia) |
Science and Theory
- Computer science
- Theory of computation
- DBLP January 2004: over 460 000 bibliographic entries on Computer Science
Hardware
Software
History of computing
Business computing
- Accounting software
- Computer aided design
- Computer aided manufacturing
- Computer assisted dispatch
- Customer relationship management
- Data warehouse
- Decision support system
- Electronic data processing
- Enterprise resource planning
- Geographic information system
- Management information system
- Material resource planning
- Strategic enterprise management
- Supply chain management
Human factors
Computer security
- Cryptology - cryptography - information theory
- Cracking - demon dialing - Hacking - war dialing - war driving
- Dumpster diving
- Physical security
- Batch job
- Computer insecurity
- Computer surveillance
- defensive programming
- security engineering
Data
Numeric Data
- integral data types - bit, byte, etc.
- real data types:
- Floating point (Single Precision, Double Precision)
- Fixed point
- Rational ("Infinite" Precision)
- Decimal
- Binary Coded Decimal (BCD)
- Biquinary Coded Decimal
- representation: Binary - Octal - Decimal - Hexadecimal (hex)
- Computer mathematics - Computer numbering formats -
Character Data
- storage: Character - String - Text - Plain text
Other Data Topics
Mechatronics
Classes of computers
- Analog computer
- Calculator
- Desktop computer
- Desknote
- Digital computer
- Embedded computer
- Home computer
- Laptop
- Mainframe
- Minicomputer
- Microcomputer
- Personal computer
- Personal digital assistant (aka PDA, or Handheld computer)
- Server
- Supercomputer
- Tablet PC
- Video game console
- Workstation
Companies - current
Companies - historic
- English Electric
- Ferranti
- General Electric
- Leo
- Marconi
- Scientific Data Systems
- Univac
- Compaq
- DEC
Professional organizations
- Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
- British Computer Society (BCS)
- Association for Survey Computing (ASC)
- Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), in particular the IEEE Computer Society
- International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
Standards organizations and consortia
(see also