Lord Privy Seal (original) (raw)
Lord Privy Seal is one of the traditional sinecure offices in the British Cabinet. Though one of the oldest offices in government anywhere, since it has no particular function the office has generally been used as a kind of Minister without Portfolio. Since the end of the prime ministership of Margaret Thatcher, the position of Lord Privy Seal has frequently been combined with that of Leader of the House of Lords. The jocular clarification that the office holder is neither a lord, nor a privy, nor a seal, though sometimes credited to Edward Heath, was attributed by him to Ernest Bevin.
The Lord Privy Seal is the fifth of the Great Officers of State, beneath the Lord President of the Council and above the Lord Great Chamberlain.
Lords Privy Seal, 1307-Present
- William Melton 1307-1312
- Roger Northburgh 1312-1316
- Thomas Charlton 1316-1320
- Robert Baldock 1320-1323
- Robert Wodehouse 1323
- Robert Ayleston 1323-1324
- William Airmyn 1324-1325
- Henry Cliff 1325
- William Herlaston 1325-1326
- Robert Wyvell 1326-1327
- Richard Airmyn 1327-1328
- Adam Lymbergh 1328-1329
- Richard Bury, Bishop of Durham 1329-1334
- Robert Ayleston 1334
- Robert Tawton 1334-1335
- William de la Zouch 1335-1337
- Richard Bintworth 1337-1338
- William Kilsby 1338-1342
- John Offord 1342-1344
- Thomas Hatfield 1344-1345
- John Thoresby 1345-1347
- Simon Islip, Archbishop of Canterbury 1347-1350
- Michael Northburgh 1350-1354
- Thomas Bramber 1354-1355
- John Winwick 1355-1360
- John Buckingham, Bishop of Lincoln 1360-1363
- William of Wykeham 1363-1367
- Peter Lacy 1367-1371
- Nicholas Carew 1371-1377
- John Fordham 1377-1381
- William Dighton 1381-1382
- Walter Skirclaw, Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield 1382-1386
- John Waltham, Bishop of Salisbury 1386-1389
- Edmund Stafford, Bishop of Exeter 1389-1396
- Guy Mone 1396-1397
- Richard Clifford 1397-1401
- Thomas Langley 1401-1405
- Nicholas Bubwith 1405-1406
- John Prophet 1406-1415
- John Wakering, Bishop of Norwich 1415-1416
- Henry Ware 1416-1418
- John Kemp, Bishop of Rochester 1418-1412
- John Stafford 1421-1422
- William Alnwick, Bishop of Norwich 1422-1432
- William Lyndwood, Bishop of St David's 1432-1443
- Thomas Beckington, Bishop of Bath and Wells 1443-1444
- Adam Moleyns, Bishop of Chichester 1444-1450
- Andrew Holes 1450-1452
- Thomas Lisieux 1452-1456
- Laurence Booth, Bishop of Durham 1456-1460
- Robert Stillington, Bishop of Bath and Wells 1460-1467
- Thomas Rotheram, Bishop of Rochester 1467-1470
- John Hales, Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield 1470-1471
- Thomas Rotheram, Bishop of Rochester 1471-1474
- John Russell, Bishop of Rochester, later Bishop of Lincoln 1473-1483
- John Gunthorp 1483-1485
- Peter Courtenay, Bishop of Exeter 1485-1487
- Richard Fox, Bishop of Exeter, later Bishop of Bath and Wells, Bishop of Durham, and Bishop of Winchester 1487-1516
- Thomas Ruthall, Bishop of Durham 1516-1523
- Henry Marny, 1st Lord Marny 1523
- Cuthbert Tunstall, Bishop of London 1523-1530
- Thomas Boleyn, 1st Earl of Wiltshire 1530-1536
- Thomas Cromwell, 1st Earl of Essex 1536-1540
- William Fitzwilliam, 1st Earl of Southampton 1540-1542
- John Russell, 1st Lord Russell, later 1st Earl of Bedford 1542-1555
- William Paget, 1st Lord Paget 1555-1571
- William Cecil, 1st Lord Burghley 1571-1572
- William Howard, 1st Lord Howard of Effingham 1572-1573
- Sir Thomas Smith 1573-1576
- Francis Walsingham 1576-1590
- William Cecil, 1st Lord Burghley 1590-1598
- Sir Robert Cecil 1598-1608
- Henry Howard, 1st Earl of Northampton 1608-1614
- Robert Carr, 1st Earl of Somerset 1614-1616
- Edward Somerset, 9th Earl of Worcester 1616-1625
- Sir John Coke 1625-1628
- Sir Robert Naunton 1628
- Henry Montagu, 1st Earl of Manchester 1628-1642
- Lucius Cary, 2nd Viscount of Falkland 1643
- Sir Edward Nicholas 1643-1644
- Henry Bourchier, 6th Earl of Bath 1644-1654
- John Robartes, 2nd Lord Robartes 1661 - 1673
- Arthur Annesley, 1st Earl of Anglesey 1673 - 1682
- George Savile, 1st Marquess of Halifax 1682 - 1685
- Henry Hyde, 2nd Earl of Clarendon 1685 - 1687
- Henry Arundell, 3rd Lord Arundell of Wardour 1687 - 1688
- George Savile, 1st Marquess of Halifax 1689 - 1690
- seal in commission 1690 - 1692
- Thomas Herbert, 8th Earl of Pembroke, 5th Earl of Montgomery 1692 - 1699
- John Lowther, 1st Viscount Lonsdale 1699 - 1700
- Ford Grey, 1st Earl of Tankerville 1700 - 1701
- seal in commission 1701 - 1702
- John Sheffield, 1st Duke of Buckingham and Normanby (1703) 1702 - 1705
- John Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle 1705 - 1711
- John Robinson, Bishop of Bristol 1711 - 1713
- William Legge, 1st Earl of Dartmouth 1713 - 1714
- Thomas Wharton, 1st Earl Wharton, later 1st Marquess of Wharton 1714 - 1715
- seal in commission 1715
- Charles Spencer, 3rd Earl of Sunderland 1715 - 1716
- Evelyn Pierrepont, 1st Duke of Kingston 1716 - 1719
- Henry Grey, Duke of Kent 1719 - 1720
- Evelyn Pierrepont, 1st Duke of Kingston 1720 - 1726
- Thomas Trevor, 1st Lord Trevor 1726 - 1730
- Spencer Compton, 1st Earl of Wilmington 1730 - 1731
- seal in commission 1731
- William Cavendish, 3rd Duke of Devonshire 1731 - 1733
- Henry Lowther, 3rd Viscount Lonsdale 1733 - 1735
- Francis Godolphin, 2nd Earl of Godolphin 1735 - 1740
- John Hervey, 2nd Lord Hervey 1740 - 1742
- John Leveson-Gower, 2nd Lord Gower 1742 - 1743
- George Cholmondeley, 2nd Earl of Cholmondeley 1743 - 1744
- John Leveson-Gower, 1st Earl Gower 1744 - 1755
- Charles Spencer, 3rd Duke of Marlborough 1755
- Granville Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl Gower 1755 - 1757
- Richard Grenville-Temple, 2nd Earl Temple 1757 - 1761
- seal in commission 1761
- John Russell, 4th Duke of Bedford 1761 - 1763
- George Spencer, 4th Duke of Marlborough 1763 - 1765
- Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle 1765 - 1766
- William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham 1766 - 1768
- George William Hervey, 5th Earl of Bristol 1768 - 1770
- George Montague-Dunk, 5th Earl of Halifax 1770 - 1771
- Henry Howard, 12th Earl of Suffolk and 5th Earl of Berkshire 1771
- Augustus Henry Fitzroy, 3rd Duke of Grafton 1771 - 1775
- William Legge, 2nd Earl of Dartmouth 1775 - 1782
- Augustus Henry FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Grafton 1782 - 1783
- Frederick Howard, 8th Earl of Carlisle 1783
- Charles Manners 4th Duke of Rutland 1783 - 1784
- seal in commission 1784
- Granville Leveson-Gower, 1st Marquess of Stafford 1784 - 1794
- George John Spencer, 2nd Earl Spencer 1794
- John Pitt, 2nd Earl of Chatham 1794 - 1798
- John Fane, 10th Earl of Westmorland 1798 - 1806
- Henry Addington, 1st Viscount Sidmouth 1806
- Henry Richard Vassall Fox, 3rd Lord Holland 1806 - 1807
- John Fane, 10th Earl of Westmorland 1807 - 1827
- William George Spencer Cavendish, 6th Duke of Devonshire 1827
- George Howard, 9th Earl of Carlisle 1827 - 1828
- Edward Law, 2nd Lord Ellenborough 1828 - 1829
- James St Clair-Erskine, 2nd Earl of Rosslyn 1829 - 1830
- John George Lambton, 1st Lord Durham 1830 - 1833
- Frederick John Robinson, 1st Earl of Ripon 1833 - 1834
- George Howard, 9th Earl of Carlisle 1834
- Constantine Henry Phipps, 6th Earl of Mulgrave 1834
- James Stuart-Wortley-Mackenzie, 1st Lord Wharncliffe 1834 - 1835
- John William Ponsonby, 1st Lord Duncannon 1835 - 1840
- George William Frederick Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon 1840 - 1841
- Richard Plantagenet Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville, 2nd Duke of Buckingham and Chandos 1841 - 1842
- Walter Francis Montagu-Douglas-Scott, 5th Duke of Buccleuch 1842 - 1846
- Thomas Hamilton, 9th Earl of Haddington 1846
- Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 2nd Earl of Minto 1846 - 1852
- James Brownlow William Gascoyne-Cecil, 2nd Marquess of Salisbury 1852
- George Douglas Campbell, 8th Duke of Argyll 1853 - 1855
- Dudley Ryder, 2nd Earl of Harrowby 1855 - 1858
- Ulick John de Burgh, 1st Marquess of Clanricarde 1858
- Charles Philip Yorke, 4th Earl of Hardwicke 1858 - 1859
- George Douglas Campbell, 8th Duke of Argyll 1859 - 1866
- James Howard Harris, 3rd Earl of Malmesbury 1866 - 1868
- John Wodehouse, 1st Earl of Kimberley 1868 - 1870
- Charles Wood, 1st Viscount Halifax 1870 - 1874
- James Howard Harris, 3rd Earl of Malmesbury 1874 - 1876
- Benjamin Disraeli, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield 1876 - 1880
- George Douglas Campbell, 8th Duke of Argyll 1880 - 1881
- Chichester Parkinson-Fortescue, 1st Lord Carlingford 1881 - 1885
- Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery 1885
- Dudley Francis Ryder, 3rd Earl of Harrowby 1885 - 1886
- William Ewart Gladstone 1886
- George Henry Cadogan, 6th Earl of Cadogan 1886 - 1892
- William Ewart Gladstone 1892 - 1894
- Edward Marjoribanks, 2nd Lord Tweedmouth 1894 - 1895
- Richard Assheton Cross, 1st Viscount Cross 1895 - 1900
- Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury 1900 - 1902
- Charles Vane-Tempest-Stewart, 6th Marquess of Londonderry 1902 - 1903
- James Edward Hubert Gascoyne-Cecil, 4th Marquess of Salisbury 1903 - 1905
- George Frederick Samuel Robinson, 1st Marquess of Ripon 1905 - 1908
- Robert Crewe-Milnes, 1st Earl of Crewe 1908 - 1911
- Charles Wyn Carrington, 1st Earl Carrington 1911 - 1912
- Robert Crewe-Milnes, 1st Marquess of Crewe 1912 - 1915
- George Nathaniel Curzon, 1st Earl Curzon 1915 - 1916
- David Lindsay, 27th Earl of Crawford and 10th Earl of Balcarres 1916 - 1919
- Andrew Bonar Law 1919 - 1921
- Austen Chamberlain 1921 - 1923
- Robert Cecil, Viscount Cecil of Chelmwood 1923 - 1924
- John Robert Clynes 1924
- James Edward Hubert Gascoyne-Cecil, 4th Marquess of Salisbury 1924 - 1929
- James Henry Thomas 1929 - 1930
- Vernon Hartshorn 1930 - 1931
- Thomas Johnston 1931
- William Peel, 1st Earl Peel 1931
- Philip Snowden, 1st Viscount Snowden 1931 - 1932
- Stanley Baldwin 1932 - 1934
- Anthony Eden 1934 - 1935
- Charles Vane-Tempest-Stewart, 7th Marquess of Londonderry 1935
- Edward Wood, 3rd Viscount Halifax 1935 - 1937
- Herbrand Brassey Sackville, 9th Earl de la Warr 1937 - 1938
- Sir John Anderson 1938 - 1939
- Sir Samuel Hoare 1939 - 1940
- Sir Kingsley Wood 1940
- Clement Attlee 1940 - 1942
- Sir Stafford Cripps 1942
- Robert Arthur James Gascoyne-Cecil, Viscount Cranborne 1942 - 1943
- William Maxwell Aitken, 1st Lord Beaverbrook 1943 - 1945
- Arthur Greenwood 1945 - 1947
- Philip Inman, 1st Lord Inman 1947
- Christopher Addison 1947 - 1951
- Ernest Bevin 1951
- Richard Stokes 1951
- Robert Arthur James Gascoyne-Cecil, 5th Marquess of Salisbury 1951 - 1952
- Henry Crookshank 1952 - 1955
- Richard Austen Butler 1955 - 1959
- Quintin McGarel Hogg, 2nd Viscount Hailsham 1959 - 1960
- Edward Heath 1960-1963
- Selwyn Lloyd 1963-1964
- Frank Pakenham, 7th Earl of Longford 1964 - 1965
- Sir Frank Soskice 1965 - 1966
- Frank Pakenham, 7th Earl of Longford 1966 - 1968
- Edward Shackleton, Lord Shackleton 1968
- Fred Peart 1968
- Edward Shackleton, Lord Shackleton 1968 - 1970
- George Jellicoe, 2nd Earl Jellicoe 1970 - 1972
- David Hennessy, 3rd Lord Windlesham 1972 - 1974
- Malcolm Shepherd, 2nd Lord Shepherd 1974 - 1976
- Fred Peart, Lord Peart 1976 - 1979
- Sir Ian Gilmour 1979 - 1981
- Humphrey Atkins 1981 - 1982
- Janet Young, Baroness Young 1982 - 1983
- John Biffen 1983 - 1987
- John Wakeham 1987 - 1988
- John Ganzoni, 2nd Baron Belstead 1988 - 1990
- David Waddington, Lord Waddington 1990 - 1992
- John Wakeham, Lord Wakeham 1992 - 1994
- Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, Viscount Cranborne 1994 - 1997
- Ivor Richard, Lord Richard 1997 - 1998
- Margaret Jay, Baroness Jay of Paddington 1998 - 2001
- Gareth Wynn Williams, Lord Williams of Mostyn 2001-2003
- Peter Hain 2003-