GASCONY - BEARN, BIGORRE (original) (raw)

The present document shows the nobility in the southern part of Gascony north of the Pyrenees, comprising mainly the counties of B�arn (to the west) and Bigorre (east of B�arn).�

Chapter 1.�� VICOMTES de BEARN

A.�� VICOMTES de BEARN [870]-1134

The foundation of the vicomt� of B�arn is probably dated to the late 860s/early 870s, as shown by a later undated charter, under which "dominus Willelmus Sancii comes Gasconiorum" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Vincent-de-Lucq, which recalls that "quidem Rex" (which from the context appears to refer to Sancho "Mitarra" Duke of Gascony) installed "avo Vicecomitis [Gasto Centuli Vicecomes Bearnensis]" with B�arn[1].� The document does not name the first vicomte.� According to the spurious documents relating to the monastery of Alarcon, discussed fully in the Introduction to chapter 1 of the present document, the vicomtes de B�arn descended from the family of the first dukes of Gascony.� However, other surviving primary sources do not establish this descent beyond doubt.� Jaurgain states that the vicomt� of B�arn included "la vall�e du gave de Pau, de Saint-P� de G�n�r�s � Argagnon, et le pays de Vicbilh" when it was founded, to which were added the vicomt�s of Oloron and Montaner in the 11th century[2].� Guillaume VIII Duke of Aquitaine granted complete rights of suzerainty "sur le B�arn, la Soule, et les villages de Salies et Carresse" in 1086[3].� The direct male line of the original family of vicomtes de B�arn became extinct in 1134, after which the vicomt� passed successively to the family of the vicomtes de Gabarret and the Montcada family.� Marie Vicomtesse de B�arn swore homage to the king of Aragon in 1170, renewed by Vicomte Gaston VI in 1187[4].� Gaston VI Vicomte de B�arn incorporated "la ville d�Orthez et le pays de Rivi�re-Gave", which he had conquered from the vicomte de Dax, into his domains in 1193[5].� The_vicomt�_ of B�arn recovered its independence at the end of the 12th century[6].� It passed by marriage to the comtes de Foix in the early 14th century, and was united with the French crown by edict dated 19 Oct 1620[7].�

LOUP Centule, son of CENTULE [I] & his wife --- (-[905]).� Monlezun records that Centule-Loup left "sous la tutelle d'Auria, sa femme, un enfant en bas �ge"[8].� "Dompna Faquilo" donated property to the monastery of Saint-Orens de Lavedan, for the souls of "Mansionis�Donati Lupi comiti�et filiis meis et filias", by charter dated Dec [865], subscribed by "Dattonis Donati comitis, Luponis, Luponis Centuli"[9].� An undated charter, under which "dominus Willelmus Sancii comes Gasconiorum" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Vincent-de-Lucq, records that "quidem Rex" (which from the context appears to refer to "avus domni Willelmi�pater eius", although it is unclear why he should have been called "Rex" in the document) invested "avo Vicecomitis [Gasto Centuli Vicecomes Bearnensis], qui erat de eius progenie" with "hac patria"[10].� "Gasto Centuli Vicecomes Bearnensis" refers to Gaston [I] (died 984).� His grandfather would therefore have been this Loup Centule.� This document would therefore date the foundation of the _vicomt�_of B�arn to [864/880].�

m ---.� The name of Loup Centule�s wife is not known.�

Loup Centule & his wife had one child:�

CENTULE [II] (-[940]).� The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified, although it is suggested by the undated charter under which "dominus Willelmus Sancii comes Gasconiorum" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Vincent-de-Lucq (see above).� "Centullus Vetulus vicecomes Bearnensis et Olorensis" donated "vill�Bordellas�quod olim Guillelmus Sancius comes dederat" to the abbey of Saint-Vincent-de-Lucq by undated charter but expressly dated to "temporibus Bernardi Gasconiorum comes" and which names "Gasto filius eius"[11].� m ---.� The name of Centule�s wife is not known.� Centule [II] & his wife had one child:�

a) GASTON [I] de B�arn (-[980]).� "Centullus Vetulus vicecomes Bearnensis et Olorensis" donated "vill�Bordellas�quod olim Guillelmus Sancius comes dederat" to the abbey of Saint-Vincent-de-Lucq by undated charter which names "Gasto filius eius"[12].� He succeeded as Vicomte de B�arn.�

-�� see below.

GASTON [I] de B�arn, son of CENTULE [II] Vicomte de B�arn & his wife --- (-[980]).� "Centullus Vetulus vicecomes Bearnensis et Olorensis" donated "vill�Bordellas�quod olim Guillelmus Sancius comes dederat" to the abbey of Saint-Vincent-de-Lucq by undated charter which names "Gasto filius eius"[13].� Vicomte de B�arn.� "Gasto Centulli vicecomes" assented to a donation by "dominus Willelmus Sancii comes Gasconiorum" of property "villam de Luco Deo" to the abbey of Saint-Vincent-de-Lucq by undated charter which refers to "domni Ludovici imperatoris" having previously granted property to "avo vicecomitis qui erat de eius progenie"[14].� "�Wastonis Centulli vicecomitis, Lupi Anerii vicecomitis, Ernaldi Lupi vicecomitis Aquensis" subscribed the charter dated 980 under which Arsius Bishop of Bayonne listed the possessions of the bishopric[15].�

m ---.� The name of Gaston's wife is not known.�

Gaston [I] & his wife had one child:

CENTULE [III] de B�arn (-after [995]).� His parentage is assumed to be confirmed by the patronymic attributed to him in the primary source quoted below.� Vicomte de B�arn.� "�Centuli Gastoni, Gastoni Centuli de Bearno�" signed the charter dated 993 under which "Willelmus Sancius comes" restored the monastery of Saint-Sever[16].� m---.� The name of Centule's wife is not known.� Centule [III] & his wife had [one child]:

a) GASTON [II] de B�arn (-before 1022).� "�Centuli Gastoni, Gastoni Centuli de Bearno�" signed the charter dated 993 under which "Willelmus Sancius comes" restored the monastery of Saint-Sever[17].� Vicomte de B�arn.� "Amalvinus Blanchefortensis cum Gastone Bearnensi" donated property to Bordeaux Saint-Seurin on leaving on crusade, for the soul of "Arnaudi avunculi sui Blanchefortensis" and with guarantors "ipse Amalvinus et Arnaldus Blanchefortensis consanguineus eius et Arnaldus de Illiaco", by charter dated to [1120][18].� m ---.� The name of Gaston's wife is not known.� Gaston [II] & his wife had one child:

i) CENTULE [IV] de B�arn (-killed in battle [1058]).� His parentage is assumed confirmed by the patronymic attributed to him in primary sources.� Vicomte de B�arn.�

-�� see below.�

CENTULE[IV] de B�arn, son of GASTON [II] Vicomte de B�arn & his wife --- (-killed in battle [1058]).� His parentage is assumed confirmed by the patronymic attributed to him in primary sources.� Vicomte de B�arn.� A charter dated 13 Dec 1015 (probably spurious) records that �_Centulus Gasto Benearnensis vicecomes_� killed �_�Lupi Athonis et fratris sui Guillelmi vicecomitis_� [Vizconde de Sola] twelve days previously[19].� "Sancius�totius Gasconni� princeps et dux" founded the monastery of St Hilaire-de-Lassun, later known as St P�-de-G�n�r�s, in the presence of "�Centullus Gastonis vicecomes Bearnensis�", by charter dated to [1022][20].� "Centuli Gastoni�" signed the charter dated Nov 1028 under which "Comes Sancio" confirmed the foundation of the monastery of Saint-Sever by "pater meus Willelmus Sancio"[21].� An undated charter records the donation by "Santius�comes" to Bordeaux Saint-Seurin and the confirmation after his death by his successor "eius nepos�Odo", signed by "Centullus de Bearnt, Arnaldus Aquensis, Willelmus Lup, Aichelmus Guillelmi, Andro Auriohl"[22].� He adopted the title vicomte d�Oloron from 1045[23].�

m ANGELA[d�Oloron, daughter of ANER Loup Vicomte d�Oloron & his wife ---] (-after 1058).� An undated charter records that "Centullus Gastonis vicecomes" refused to make reparations to Duke Sancho for his marriage to "Angel�"[24].� According to Jaurgain, she was the daughter of Aner Loup Vicomte d�Oloron but he cites no primary source on which this is based[25].� As a widow, she donated the church and village of Aubin to Sainte-Marie de Lescar[26].�

Centule [IV] & his wife had three children:

GASTON [III] de B�arn (-1054).� His parentage is assumed confirmed by the patronymic attributed to him in primary sources.� Vicomte de B�arn.�

-�� see below.�

RAYMOND Centule (-after [1055]).� "Ramundus Centulli, frater Gastonis" donated a serf to the monastery of Saint-P� de G�n�r�s by charter dated to [1055][27].�
AURIOL Centule (-after [1070]).� "Oriolus Centuli miles Bearnensis" donated a serf and property to the monastery of Saint-P� de G�n�r�s by charter dated to [1070][28].� Seigneur de Clarac, Igon, Baudreix, Boeil et Auga.� m ---.� The name of Auriol�s wife is not known.� Auriol & his wife had [four] children:�

a) [ARTAUD(-killed in battle [1086]).� Jaurgain states that Artaud and his brother and sisters were the children of Auriol Centule[29].� He cites no primary source which confirms directly that this is correct, although the references to Clarac and Igon suggest that it might be the case.� "Artardus miles Bearnensis" donated property at Igon to the church of Saint-P�, by charter dated to [1083][30].� A charter dated to [1105] records that "Artardus miles Bearnensis" donated two serfs to the church of Saint-P�, and that "Beliardis soror eius" donated the village of Clarac[31].]�

b) [ARNAUD(-before 1095).� A charter dated to [1086] records that "Arnaldus�de Claraco" married "uxorem de genere�Bernardi Lupi, neptam eius", claimed rights to the village of Morgans from the monastery of Saint-Sever and declared war[32].� m ---.]�

c) [BELIARDE.� A charter dated to [1105] records that "Artardus miles Bearnensis" donated two serfs to the church of Saint-P�, and that "Beliardis soror eius" donated the village of Clarac[33].]�

d) [TECLA .� Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by a charter dated to [1105] which records that "Artardus miles Bearnensis" donated two serfs to the church of Saint-P�, and that "Beliardis soror eius" donated the village of Clarac, that a dispute about the donations arose after the death of B�liarde, and that "Augerius�de Miramon nepos eius�cum matre sua�Tecla" eventually renounced their rights in favour of the church[34].� Vicomte Auger and his wife Tecla donated a serf to Saint-P� by charter dated to [1095][35].� m ([1070]) AUGER [II] de Miramont Vicomte de Tursan, son of --- (-before [1100]).]�

GASTON[III] de B�arn, son of CENTULE [IV] Vicomte de B�arn & his wife --- (-1054).� His parentage is assumed confirmed by the patronymic attributed to him in primary sources.� Vicomte de B�arn.� A manuscript, which records a jurisdictional dispute between the bishoprics of Dax and Oloron, recounts that the people of B�arn accused "Salamace vicecomiti Seulensi" of killing "vicecomitem Bearnensem�Centullum Gastonem, patrem Centulli, patris Gastoni", dated to [1058][36]. �

m (1030, maybe separated 1038) as her first husband, ADELAIS, daughter of --- & his wife Adelais ---.� There is uncertainty about the origin of Adelais.� "Bernardus comes�cognomento Tumapalerius" and "nepote meo Centullo �" founded the monastery of Saint-Mont by charter dated 3 Mar 1055[37].� Assuming that nepos should be interpreted in its strict sense, Centule's mother was therefore the sister of Bernard Comte d'Armagnac.� However, the unresolved question is whether Adelais was Bernard's full sister, in which case she was Adelais d'Armagnac, daughter of G�raud [I] Comte d'Armagnac & his wife ---, or his uterine half-sister.� According to Europ�ische Stammtafeln[38], she was Adelais de Lomagne, daughter of Arnaud [II] Vicomte de Lomagne & his wife.� Presumably this is extrapolated from the charter dated to [1062] under which "Oddo de Lomania frater Bernardi comitis Armaniacensis" donated property to the monastery of Saint-Mont[39].� There appears to be no way of deciding which interpretation is correct.� She married secondly as his second wife, Roger Vicomte de Gabarret.�

Gaston [III] & his wife had [three] children:�

CENTULE [V] de B�arn (-murdered Tena 1090).� The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.� "Bernardus comes�cognomento Tumapalerius" and "nepote meo Centullo �" founded the monastery of Saint-Mont by charter dated 3 Mar 1055[40].� Vicomte de B�arn.� He succeeded as Comte de Bigorre in 1080, de iure uxoris.�

-�� see below.�

[OLIVE(-after [1088]).� "Femina�Oliba�soror�Centulli comitis Bigorrensis�et vicecomitis Viernensis" donated property to the monastery of Saint-Mont by charter dated to [1088][41].� It is not known whether Oliba was the full sister or uterine half-sister of Centule.]�
[REGINE.� Her parentage and marriage are shown by Jaurgain but he quotes no primary source which confirms that the information is correct[42].� m ([1055]) RAYMOND Ezi Seigneur de Baleix, son of --- (-after 14 Oct 1095).]�

CENTULE[V] de B�arn, son of GASTON [III] Vicomte de B�arn & his wife Adelais --- (-murdered Tena 1090).� The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.� "Bernardus comes�cognomento Tumapalerius" and "nepote meo Centullo �" founded the monastery of Saint-Mont by charter dated 3 Mar 1055[43].� Vicomte de B�arn.� He succeeded as Comte de Bigorre in 1080, de iure uxoris.� �Centullus comes et uxor sua Beatrix et mater eius Stephania_� donated property to the monastery �_S. Savini _�in valle Levitanensis�in comitatu Bigoritano_�, by charter dated 1080 signed by �_�Otgeri vicecomitis�_�[44].� "�Centullo de Begorra et de Bearne�" witnessed the charter dated 6 Jul 1086 under which "Sancio rex et Petrus Sancii filius meus" donated property to Jaca cathedral[45].� Sancho I King of Aragon passed sentence against the family of �_Garc�a Azn�rez of the valley of Tena_� who murdered �_Centullo count of Bigorre, Sancho�s vassal and Garcia�s lord and fled to Muslim lands_�[46].� Marca relates the expedition into Aragon of Vicomte Centule [V] and his murder "dans la vall�e de Tena", quoting an undated charter under which "Sancius�Rex" records that "comite domino Centullo meum vassallum" came into Tena but was murdered by "Garcia filius Aznar Athonis"[47].�

m firstly (repudiated for consanguinity [1074/76]) GISLA, daughter of --- (-before 10 Feb 1101).� Her marriage is confirmed by a letter from Pope Gregory VII dated 11 Mar 1074 to "Centulli comiti" urging him to do penance for marrying "consanguineam tuam"[48].� Her name is confirmed by the undated charter under which �_Centullus vicecomes Viarnensis_�, recalling his sins and �_consanguinitatis uxoris mee_� whom he had married �_contra Dei legem_�, donated Sainte-Foi de Morla�s to Cluny �_propter me et propter uxorem meam Gislam et filium meum Guastonem_� and to which he sent �_dompnam Gislam uxorem meam_� to become a nun, with the advice of three eccesiasts �_et Bernardi Tumapalerii avunculi mei_�[49].� No indication has been found about the family relationship between Centule and his first wife.� She died before 10 Feb 1101, the date of the charter under which [her son] �_Guastonus...Viarnensis vicecomes_� donated revenue from Morla�s, for the souls of �_patris et matris mee et...mee et uxoris et filiorum ac filiarum mearum_�[50].�

m secondly (1077 before 24 Jun)BEATRIX de Bigorre, daughter of BERNARD [II] Comte de Bigorre et de Foix & his second wife Etiennette --- (-after 14 Oct 1095).� She succeeded her brother in 1080 as Ctss de Bigorre.� "Centullus comes et uxor mea Beatrix et mater eius Stephania" donated the monastery of Saint-Savin de Lavedan "in comitatu Bigorritano" to Marseille Saint-Victor by charter dated 1 Apr 1080[51].� �_Beatrix comitissa Bigorritana_� donated property to the monastery of St Severius de Rostain, which �_vir meus Centullus_� donated to St Victor de Marseille, confirmed by �_Bernardus supradict� comitiss� filius_�, by charter dated 1091 which names �_patrem meum Bernardum_�[52].�

Centule [V] & his first wife had two children:�

GASTON [IV] de B�arn (-killed in battle near Valencia 1130).� His parentage is confirmed by the undated charter under which �Centullus vicecomes Viarnensis_�, recalling his sins and �_consanguinitatis uxoris mee_� whom he had married �_contra Dei legem_�, donated Sainte-Foi de Morla�s to Cluny �_propter me et propter uxorem meam Gislam et filium meum Guastonem_�[53].� Vicomte de B�arn.� �_Guastonus vicecomes Viarnensis_� confirmed the donation made by �_pater meus Centullus_� to Cluny, and added revenue from Morla�s, �_pro me et uxore mea...et pro Centullo filio meo_�, by undated charter, dated to after 1090[54].� William of Tyre names "Gentonius de Bear" among those who left on the First Crusade in 1096 with Robert Count of Flanders[55].� Albert of Aix names "�Gastus�de Bederz civitate�" among those who took part in the siege of Nikaia, dated to mid-1097 from the context[56].� Albert of Aix records that "�Gastus de Bederz�" fought against the Turks at Doryl�um (1 Jul 1097)[57].� Tueb�uf names "Gasto de Biarz" among those present with Raymond "de Saint-Gilles" Comte de Toulouse in 1098[58].� �_Guastonus...Viarnensis vicecomes_� donated revenue from Morla�s, for the souls of �_patris et matris mee et...mee et uxoris et filiorum ac filiarum mearum_�, by charter dated 10 Feb 1101[59].� "Bernardus vicecomes" renounced a tax on La R�ole before the court of Gascony, before "Astanova comite�de Fedenzac, ac Bernardo de Armanac, necnon Gastone vicecomite de Bearn, et Lupo Anario de Marzan, et Bibiano de Lomonie, et Petro, domino de Gavarred�", by charter dated 1103[60].� "�Gasto vicecomes Bearnensis et Centullus frater eius�" witnessed the charter dated 8 Jul 1117 under which "Anfussus imperator tocius Ispanie" confirmed an earlier donation of property to Jaca cathedral by his father and older brother[61].� He was one of the leaders of the siege of Zaragoza in 1118, under Alfonso I King of Aragon.� He was granted the lordship of Zaragoza by King Alfonso.� "Stephanus de Caumont�Gaston de Bearn�Robert vicecomes de Tartas�Lobet vicecomes de Maredme�" subscribed the charter dated 1122 under which Guillaume IX Duke of Aquitaine donated half of the town of Bayonne to the church of Sainte-Marie de Bayonne[62].� �_Guastonus vicecomes_� restored land, on which he had built �_unam rudam burgi Sancti Nicholai_� to Sainte-Foi de Morla�s, by charter dated 1123[63].� "Gaston de Bearn et mea mulier be�comitessa" granted property to "Arnald de Lavedan", confirmed by "Centol filio vice comite Gaston", by charter dated 1124[64].� "Adefonsus�rex" donated property to the church of Santa Mar�a de Pamplona by charter dated Apr [1127], the dating clause naming "regnante�vicecomes Gasto in �aragoza�"[65].� "�Gasto Bearnensis vicecomes�" is named as present in the charter dated to [1128] under which "Guilelmus, tocius Aquitanie dux, filius Guilelmi, tocius Aquitanie ducis" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Jean de Sorde[66].� He was killed by the Almoravid Governor of Valencia.�m ([1085]) TALESA S�nchez, daughter of conde SANCHO Ram�rez de Arag�n Se�or de Aybar & his [second wife --- de Montaner] (-after Nov 1155). �Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by a charter dated early 1134 under which "Talesa vicecomitissa Bearnensis cum filio suo Centullo" donated "hereditatem suam quam habebat in Aierb ex patre suo�Sancius comes" to the abbey of Sauvelade, the document also naming "frater eius [= Sancho] Ranimirus rex"[67].� "Bearnensium proconsul Guasto�cum uxore sua dicta Talesa" granted rights to Saint-P� by charter dated to [1090][68].� A charter dated to [1119/1136] records a donation of property to the abbey of Saint-Jean de Sorde "coram vicecomitissa Bearnensi�Atelesa"[69].� Se�ora in Unocastello: Ramiro II King of Aragon granted "casas...de...mauro...Mahomat filio de Paloru" to �_Fortunio Date de Boleia_� by charter dated Jul 1135, the dating clause of which records �...vicecomitissa domna Taresa de Bearne in Uno Castello..._�[70].� "Vicecomitissa Talesa iussu domni mei vicecomitis Gaston" donated property "nostram hereditatem quam habeo in �arago�a�" to the Order of the Temple, with the consent of "domini Petri vicecomitis et nepotis mei", by charter dated 10 Jul 1144[71].� "Talesa vicecomitissa" donated property to her servant by charter dated Nov 1155[72].� Gaston [IV] & his wife had [four or more] children:

a) CENTULE [VII] de B�arn (-killed in battle Fraga Jul 1134).� �_Guastonus vicecomes Viarnensis_� confirmed the donation made by �_pater meus Centullus_� to Cluny, and added revenue from Morla�s, �_pro me et uxore mea...et pro Centullo filio meo_�, by undated charter, dated to after 1090[73].� "Gaston de Bearn et mea mulier be�comitessa" granted property to "Arnald de Lavedan", confirmed by "Centol filio vice comite Gaston", by charter dated 1124[74].� Vicomte de B�arn.� "Centullus Gastonis filius" confirmed donations by "avus meus Centullus et Gasto pater meus" to Sainte-Foi de Morla�s by charter dated �_Non Mar Feria V eodem anno quo pater meus a Mauris in Ispania interfectus fuerat_� 1131, in the presence of "mater mea et plures terre mee barones" (naming 13 such barons) and signed �_Talesa_�[75].� The Chronica Adefonsi Imperatoris names "�Gaston of B�arn, Centulle of Bigorre and Almaric of Narbonne" among those who were killed in the battle of Fraga[76].�

b) son(s) .� �_Guastonus...Viarnensis vicecomes_� donated revenue from Morla�s, for the souls of �_patris et matris mee et...mee et uxoris et filiorum ac filiarum mearum_�, by charter dated 10 Feb 1101[77], which shows that the donor had more than one child of each sex who were living at that date.�

c) GUISCARDE de B�arn (-after 15 Sep 1154).� Her parentage and marriage are suggested by the charter dated 10 Jul 1144 under which "Vicecomitissa Talesa iussu domni mei vicecomitis Gaston" donated property "nostram hereditatem quam habeo in �arago�a�" to the Order of the Temple, with the consent of "domini Petri vicecomitis et nepotis mei"[78].� A charter dated 8 Aug 1115 records that "Petrus vicecomes cum uxore mea Guiscarda" were obliged to return lands to the monastery of Morlas[79].� Vicomtesse de B�arn.� "Guiscarda vicecomitissa Bearnensis et Gavarrensis et�Petrus filius eius" donated property to Sainte-Foi de Morla�s by undated charter (dated to [1135/47]) signed by �_G. vicecomitisse, Petri vicecomitis filii eius_�[80].� A charter dated 15 Sep 1154 records that Arnaud Bishop of Oloron, on the advice of "domine Guiscarde vicecomitisse Bearnensis", authorised a chapel in the hospital of Morla�s at the request of �_quidam nobili femina...Juliana_�[81].� m PIERRE [II] Vicomte de Gabarret, son of PIERRE [I] Roger Vicomte de Gabarret & his wife Agnes --- (-[1118/34]).�

d) [daughter ([1090/1110]-).� The charter dated 1164, under which "Amaneus de Lebreto nepos Gastonis vicecomitis de Bearn" donated "terras suas de Artigavella" to the abbot of Fort-Guilhem[82], appears to confirm that Gaston [IV] was the maternal grandfather of Amanieu [IV] d�Albret although this may not be the only interpretation of "nepos" in this document.�� The name of her husband is not known with certainty.� Jaurgain states that he was Bernard Aiz [II] but he cites no primary source which confirms that this is correct[83].� The chronology is such that her husband could also have been Amanieu [III] d�Albret.� m --- d'Albret, son of ---.]�

daughter .� A charter dated to [1085], recording a judicial combat relating to the church of Aurions, names "Bernardus d'Arbocava gener Centulli comitis Bigorrensis"[84].� The chronology is unfavourable for Bernard's wife to have been Centule [VI]'s daughter by his marriage to Beatrix Ctss de Bigorre.� It is therefore likely that she was born from his first marriage.� Jaurgain names her "Osquinette" but he cites no primary source on which this is based[85].� m BERNARD d'Arbocave, son of ---.�

Centule [V] & his second wife had two children:�

BERNARD de B�arn (-1113).� �_Beatrix comitissa Bigorritana_� donated property to the monastery of St Severius de Rostain, which �_vir meus Centullus_� donated to St Victor de Marseille, confirmed by �_Bernardus supradict� comitiss� filius_�, by charter dated 1091 which names �_patrem meum Bernardum_�[86].� He succeeded his mother as Comte de Bigorre.�

-�� COMTES de BIGORRE.�

CENTULE (-[1128/30]).� "�Gasto vicecomes Bearnensis et Centullus frater eius�" witnessed the charter dated 8 Jul 1117 under which "Anfussus imperator tocius Ispanie" confirmed an earlier donation of property to Jaca cathedral by his father and older brother[87].� Comte de Bigorre.�

-�� COMTES de BIGORRE.�

B.�� VICOMTES de BEARN 1134-1173 (GABARRET)

PIERRE de Gabarret, son of PIERRE de Gabarret & his wife Guiscarde de B�arn (-1150).� He succeeded his maternal uncle in 1134 as Vicomte de B�arn.� "Guiscarda vicecomitissa Bearnensis et Gavarrensis et�Petrus filius eius" donated property to Sainte-Foi de Morla�s by undated charter (dated to [1135/47]) signed by �_G. vicecomitisse, Petri vicecomitis filii eius_�[88].� The presence of his mother suggests that Pierre was still a minor at the time of this charter.� "Vicecomitissa Talesa iussu domni mei vicecomitis Gaston" donated property "nostram hereditatem quam habeo in �arago�a�" to the Order of the Temple, with the consent of "domini Petri vicecomitis et nepotis mei", by charter dated 10 Jul 1144[89].�

m ([1145]) as her first husband, MATELLE de Baux, son of RAYMOND de Baux & his wife Etiennette de Gevaudun (-after Oct 1175).� The primary source which confirms her parentage and two marriages has not yet been identified.� She married secondly ([1155]) Centule Comte de Bigorre [Marsan].�

Pierre & his wife had two children:�

GASTON [V] de B�arn (-1170).� A charter records that, after the death of "vicecomitissa Bearnensi�Guascarda", a meeting was convened in Apr 1154 before Ram�n Berenguer IV Comte de Barcelona, at which "filiorum Petri vicecomitis Bearnensis olim defuncti" were chosen as her heirs and "puerum parvulum Gastonem" succeeded as vicomte de B�arn[90].� He succeeded as Vicomte de B�arn, under the regency of Ram�n Berenguer IV Conde de Barcelona.� m(1165) as her first husband, Infanta do�a SANCHA de Navarra, daughter of GARCIA VI King of Navarre & his second wife do�a Urraca Alfonso �la Asturiana� de Castilla (1148-1176).� Rodrigo de Toledo records that "Rex Garsias tertiam filiam�Sanciam" married "Gastoni vicecomiti Bearnensi", that the couple died childless and that she married secondly "Petro comiti Molinensi" by whom she had "filium�Aimericum qui fuit vicecomes Narbonensis"[91].� She married secondly (1173) as his first wife, conde don Pedro Manrique de LaraVicomte de Narbonne.�
MARIE de B�arn (-1186).� Her marriage is confirmed by the charter dated Oct 1173 under which Alfonso II King of Aragon granted the monastery of Boluestre the right to repurchase possessions of the vicomte de B�arn in Aragon, held by "Ximenis de Artusella", at the request of "domin� Mari� de Bearno", and granted rights relating to the fiefs in question to "filiis Guilelmi de Moncada et domina Maria"[92].� She became heir to B�arn on the death of her brother in 1170.� Her inheritance as Vicomtesse de B�arn was confirmed at an assembly at Jaca Apr 1170, in return for a declaration of homage.� "Maria Biarnensis vicecomitissa" swore allegiance to Alfonso II King of Aragon by charter dated 30 Apr 1170, which names "pater meus Petrus de Gavarreto�et Gaston frater meus"[93].� She resigned B�arn to her eldest son in 1173.� m GUILLEM de Montcada, son of GUILLEM Ramon [II] Seneschal of Catalonia & his first wife Beatriu de Montcada (before 1134-1172).�

C.�� VICOMTES de BEARN 1173-[1310] (MONTCADA)

GUILLEM de Montcada, son of GUILLEM Ramon [II] Seneschal of Catalonia & his first wife Beatriu de Montcada (before 1134-1172).� A charter dated 5 Aug 1148 records the debt of Ramon Berenguer IV Comte de Barcelona to "Guillelmo Raimundi Dapifer et fratri tuo Otoni ac filio tuo Guillelmo de Montcada"[94].� A charter of Ramon Berenguer IV Comte de Barcelona dated 9 Jun 1159 is subscribed by "Guillelmus de Montcada, Raimundus frater eius"[95].� "Berengarius de la Guardia, filius Reverter" donated property to "Guillelmo Raimundi dapifero et filio tuo Guillelmo de Montcada" by charter dated 3 Apr 1160[96].� Lord of Montcada and Vic.� "Guillelmus de Montecatano" swore allegiance to Alfonso II King of Aragon for "Senioratico de Biarno" by charter dated 1171[97].�

m (before 10 Jun 1164[98]) MARIE de B�arn, daughter of PIERRE [de Gabarret] Vicomte de B�arn & his wife Matelle de Baux.� Her marriage is confirmed by the charter dated Oct 1173 under which Alfonso II King of Aragon granted the monastery of Boluestre the right to repurchase possessions of the vicomte de B�arn in Aragon, held by "Ximenis de Artusella", at the request of "domin� Mari� de Bearno", and granted rights relating to the fiefs in question to "filiis Guilelmi de Moncada et domina Maria"[99].� She became heir to B�arn on the death of her brother in 1170.� Her inheritance as Vicomtesse de B�arn was confirmed at an assembly at Jaca Apr 1170, in return for a declaration of homage.� "Maria Biarnensis vicecomitissa" swore allegiance to �_domino et consanguineo meo Ildefonso regi Aragonensium_� by charter dated 30 Apr 1170, which names "pater meus Petrus de Gavarreto�et Gaston frater meus"[100].� She resigned B�arn to her eldest son in 1173.�

Guillem & his wife had four children:�

GASTON de Montcada (1165-1214).� The dating clause of a charter of Lascar dated 1174 records "pr�sidente in Bearno vicecomite Gastone iuniore de Montecata"[101].� He succeeded in 1173 as GASTON [VI] Vicomte de B�arnon the resignation in his favour of his mother.� He was the ward of Pelegr�n de Castillazuelo until [1178][102].� "R. W. vicecomite de Sobola�Gastone vicecomite filio Maria dominante in Bearno" subscribed the charter dated 28 May 1178 under which "Sancius de Larraun cum matre mea Anderequina" donated property to Lascar[103].� "Wastonius III filius Marie" and �_Willelmus R frater memorati Gastonis_� confirmed donations made by �_predecessorum meorum_� by undated charters[104].� He was deeply involved in the wars which engulfed Languedoc after the Albigensian Crusade, but was called to account and excommunicated by the church until shortly before his death.� m(betrothed 1192, Notre-Dame de Muret en B�arn, near Maslac 1 Jun [1196 or after]) as her first husband, PETRONILLE de Comminges Comtesse de Bigorre, daughter of BERNARD [IV] Comte de Comminges & his wife B�atrix III Comtesse de Bigorre (-1251).� Her first marriage is confirmed by the charter dated Sep 1192 by which Alfonso II King of Aragon arranged the marriage of "Gaston nobili vicecomiti Bearnensi" and "consanguinea mea filia�Bernardi�comitis de Comenge, nepte Centulli�quondam comitis Bigorritani"[105].� The dating clause of a charter of Notre-Dame de Muret records the marriage of "Gasto" and "filiam Bernardi comitis Conuenarum in eodem loco Kal Jun"[106].� She married secondly (divorced) don Nu�o Sanchez de Arag�n.� She married thirdly (13 Nov 1216) Guy de Montfort-l�Amaury. �The Chronicle of Guillaume de Puylaurens records that "Simon de Montfort" married "son fils Guy" to "la comtesse de Bigorre"[107].� She married fourthly ([1221/23]) Aymar de Rancon, and fifthly (1228) Boson de Mastas Seigneur de Cognac.�
GUILLEN Ram�n de Montcada(1166-mid-1224, bur Sainte-Marie d'Oloron).�His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 27 Feb 1223 under which "Guillermus Raymundi de Montecatano vicecomes Bearnensis" issued a charter for the church of Tarragona and named "Guillermi filii mei", and referred to the testament of "bon� memori� fratris mei Gastonis vicecomitis Bearnensis"[108].� He inherited the Montcada patrimony under the 1173 will of his paternal grandfather.� He succeeded his brother in 1214 as Vicomte de B�arn.��

-�� see below.�

SAURINA de Montcada .� The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified.� 1173. �
MARIE de Montcada ([1166/72]-after 1211).� Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the charter dated 1211 under which �_Senebrun de Goth_� donated property to the church of Rouillac, for the soul of �_Bernard son p�re et pour les comtes d�Astarac ses pr�decesseurs_�, with the consent of �_Raimond son fils a�n�_� and in the presence of �_Gaston vicomte de B�arn fr�re de Marie �pouse du donateur_�[109].� m SENEBRUN [I] de Goth, son of BERNARD [I] de Goth & his wife --- (-after 1211).�

GUILLEM RAMON de Montcada, son of GUILLEM de Montcada [II] Se�or de Montcada y Vic & his wife Marie de B�arn (1166-mid-1224, bur Sainte-Marie d'Oloron).� He inherited the Montcada patrimony under the 1173 will of his grandfather.� "Wastonius III filius Marie" and �_Willelmus R frater memorati Gastonis_� confirmed donations made by �_predecessorum meorum_� by undated charters[110].� It appears that he was responsible for the murder in 1194 of his wife's uncle Berenguer de Vilademuls, Archbishop of Tarragona, who was closely associated with don Alfonso II King of Aragon, Conde de Barcelona, in his struggle with the Cabrera-Castellb� party of which Guillem Ramon was a member.� Although not directly punished for the crime, he spent much of the following 20 years in exile.� He succeeded his brother in 1214 as GUILLAUME[I] Vicomte de B�arn.� He resettled in Catalonia in [1215], seeking penance in Rome[111].�"W. R�vicecomes Bearnensis" wrote to Henry III King of England, dated to [1219], assuring him of the loyalty of the citizens of Bayonne[112].� "Guillermus Raymundi de Montecatano vicecomes Bearnensis" issued a charter for the church of Tarragona dated 27 Feb 1223, which names "Guillermi filii mei" and refers to the testament of "bon� memori� fratris mei Gastonis vicecomitis Bearnensis"[113].�

m (before 1185) [as her first husband,] GUILLELMA de Castellvell, daughter of GUILLEM [V] Senyor de Castellvell & his wife Velasquita de Ar�ndiga (-[1226/28]).� Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the Annals of Zurita which record that her son "Don Guillen de Moncada, hijo de Don Guillen Ramon de Moncada y de Donna Guillelma de Casteluell, que caso con la viscondessa de Bearne" was not present at the battle of Muret in 1213 but sent messengers to the king[114].� �_Donna Guillelma de Montcada que fui filia Guillelmo de Castrovetulo�cum filius meus Guillelmus de Montcada_� sold �_omnem nostram hereditatem�in villa de Arnellas�ex parte donne Blaschite, que fuit mater de me Guillelma_� to the Templars at Huesca by charter dated May 1199[115].�She was abandoned by her husband and married secondly (bigamously, 1202) as his first wife, Aimery [III] Vicomte de Narbonne.� She returned to Catalonia after separating from her second husband in 1208[116].�She succeeded her brother in 1205 as Senyora de Castellvell de Rosanes, Mara, El Far, Pontous, Benviure, Llvaneres, Olesa, Voltrera.�

Mistress (1): NAVARRA, daughter of ---.�

Guillaume & his wife had three children:�

GUILLEN de Moncada ([1185]-1229).� The Annals of Surita record that "Don Guillen de Moncada, hijo de Don Guillen Ramon de Moncada y de Donna Guillelma de Casteluell, que caso con la viscondessa de Bearne" was not present at the battle of Muret in 1213 but sent messengers to the king[117].� This source confuses Guillen with his paternal grandfather, in relation to the marriage with the heiress of B�arn, which would be impossible from a chronological point of view.� �_Donna Guillelma de Montcada que fui filia Guillelmo de Castrovetulo�cum filius meus Guillelmus de Montcada_� sold �_omnem nostram hereditatem�in villa de Arnellas�ex parte donne Blaschite, que fuit mater de me Guillelma_� to the Templars at Huesca by charter dated May 1199[118].�He became an active member of a coalition of barons which became a council of regency for don Jaime I King of Aragon, Conde de Barcelona, in Sep 1216[119].� He was appointed procurator for Catalonia by Jul 1219[120], but fell into conflict with King Jaime [1221].� "Guillermus Raymundi de Montecatano vicecomes Bearnensis" issued a charter for the church of Tarragona dated 27 Feb 1223, which names "Guillermi filii mei" and refers to the testament of "bon� memori� fratris mei Gastonis vicecomitis Bearnensis"[121].� He succeeded his father in 1224 as GUILLAUME [II] Vicomte de B�arn et d�Oloron.� m GERSENDE de Provence, daughter of ALFONSO de Arag�n Comte de Provence & his wife Gersende de Sabran Ctss de Forcalquier.� �_Garsindis comitissa mater Gastonis...vicecomitis Bearni_� agreed the marriage contract between �_dictum dominum Gastonem...Marguaritam filiam_� and �_Rogerium...comitem Fuxensem et vicecomitem Castri-boni...Rogerium Bernardi filium_�, dated 14 Oct 1252[122].� The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified.� Guillaume [II] & his wife had [three] children:�

a) CONSTANCE de B�arn.� The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos records that "D. Diego Lopez se�or de Biscaya" married "D. Constan�a de Bearne hermana de Gascon de Bearne"[123].�m DIEGO L�pez , Se�or de Vizcaya, Se�or de Haro, son of LOPE D�az �Cabeza bravo� Se�or de Vizcaya, Se�or de Haro & his wife Urraca Alfonso de Le�n (-Ba�os de R�o Tobia 4 Oct 1254, bur Santa Mar�a la Real de N�jera).�

b) GASTON de B�arn (1225-26 Apr 1290).� He succeeded his father in 1229 as GASTON [VII] Vicomte de B�arn.�

-�� see below.�

c) [RAMONA de Moncada.� m GUERAU [V] Se�or de Cabrera, Vizconde de Gerona, Vizconde de Ager, son of GUERAU [IV] Se�or de Cabrera, Vizconde de Cabrera, Vizconde de Ager & his wife do�a Eilo P�rez de Castro (-[1242]).]�

MART� de Montcada .� 1198/1225.�
ADALMURS .� 1215.�

Guillaume [I] had four illegitimate children by Mistress (1):��

BERENGER RAYMOND .� 1214/18.� m ELISSENDA de Rocafort, daughter of ---.�
NAVARRA .� 1214.�
GUILLAUME .� 1214.�
BERNARD .� 1214.�

GASTON de B�arn, son of GUILLAUME [II] Vicomte de B�arn & his wife Gersende de Provence [Arag�n] (1225-26 Apr 1290).� He succeeded his father in 1229 as GASTON[VII] Vicomte de B�arn.� He was defeated in 1248 by Simon de Montfort[124].� Matthew Paris records that "Guasto de Biarde" was brought to England in 1250 by Simon de Montfort and pardoned[125].� "Petronilla comitissa Bigorre et vicecomitissa Marcianensis" donated all her property inherited "ex bonis patris nostri" to "Gastoni de Bearnio et Mathe uxori vestre et filie nostre" by charter dated 1250[126].� He allied himself in [1252] with Alfonso X "el Sabio" King of Castile who revived the Castilian claim to Gascony[127].� "Gasto�vicecomes Bearnensis et de Marciano et�domina Matha uxor eiusdem" recognised the rights of "domino Eschivato�comiti Biguorre et domino Cabanasii", in accordance with "dictum vel arbitrium domini R�.comitis Faxi [Fuxi]", by charter dated 16 Sep 1256[128].� "Esquivardus de Chabanes comes Biguorre et Jordanus eius frater" confirmed the grant of "totum comitatum Biguorre", which "dominus Gasto Bearnensis" had devastated and which they could not defend, to "domino Symoni�comiti Lincestrie" by charter dated 6 Aug 1261[129].� His testament is dated 21 Apr 1290[130].�

m firstly MATHE [Amata] de Marsan [Mastas] daughter of BOSON de Marsan Comte de Bigorre & his wife P�tronille Comtesse de Bigorre (after 1228-[6 Feb 1270/Apr 1273]).� "Petronilla comitissa Bigorre et vicecomitissa Marcianensis" donated all her property inherited "ex bonis patris nostri" to "Gastoni de Bearnio et Mathe uxori vestre et filie nostre" by charter dated 1250[131].� The testament of "domina Petronilla comitissa Bigorre", dated 1251, appointed "dominum Esquivatum nepotem meum filium filie mee domine Aalis" as her heir "in�comitatu Bigorre", and if he died childless "dominus Jordanus frater dicti domini Esquivati", failing whom "domine Mathe filie mee"[132].� "Gasto�vicecomes Bearnensis et de Marciano et�domina Matha uxor eiusdem" recognised the rights of "domino Eschivato�comiti Biguorre et domino Cabanasii", in accordance with "dictum vel arbitrium domini R�.comitis Faxi [Fuxi]", by charter dated 16 Sep 1256[133].� The contract between "domini Gastonis�vicecomitis Bearnensis" and "Alfonso�regi Castell� et domin� Violant regin� Castell�uxori" provides for the marriage between "Guillelmam filiam" of the former to "infanti domino Sancio filio" of the latter, and names "domin� Math� eius uxoris", dated 6 Feb 1270[134].�

m secondly (contract 2 Apr 1273) as her second husband, BEATRIX de Savoie, widow of GUIGUES Dauphin de Viennois Comte d'Albon [Bourgogne-Capet], daughter of PIERRE de Savoie [later PIERRE II Comte de Savoie] & his wife Agn�s dame de Faucigny ([1237]-21 Apr 1310, bur Faucigny, Chartreuse convent of Melans).� The marriage contract of "Beatrix Dalphina Viennensis domina de Fulciniaco filia quondam Dni Petri comitis Sabaudie" and "domino Gastoni vicecomiti Bearnensi" is dated 2 Apr 1273[135].� This marriage is confirmed by the agreement dated 15 Dec 1284 under which "Gastone Visconte di Bearn Signore di Montricher e Castelvecchio" and "Beatrice figlia del Conte Pietro di Savoia Dama di Faussign sua Consorte" reached agreement with "Umberto Signore di Thoire ed Anna Delfina sua Consorte" concering Comte Gaston's claim to the county of Vienne[136].�

Gaston [VII] & his first wife had four children:

CONSTANCE de B�arn([1245/50]-26 Apr 1310).� Zurita records the marriage of �_el Infante Don Alonso_� and �_Do�a Costan�a hija primogenita de Don Gaston Vizconde de Bearne, que fue hijo de Don Guillen de Moncada_�, in 1260[137].� Alfonso X King of Castile approved the arrangements for the marriages of "el infante de Castilla don Manuel y Alonso Manuel" and "do�a Constanza y do�a Guillerma de Monacada, respectivamente, hijas de Gast�n de Moncada vizconde de Bearne" by charter dated 1266[138].�The marriage contract between �_Gastonem vicecomitem Bearnensem dominum Montis-Cathani et Castriveteris...primogenitam nostram dominam Constantiam_� and �_Henrico regis Alemanni� primogenito_� is dated 1268, and names �_domina Matha coniuge nostra_�[139].� The Annales Londonienses record the marriage in 1269 of "Ricardus rex Alemanni�Henricus eiusdem regis filius" and "filiam Gastuni de Byerne"[140].� The Chronicle of Thomas Wykes records that �_Romanorum regis primogenitus�Henricus_� repudiated �_uxore sua�filia�Gastonis de Bierna_� in 1270[141].� She succeeded her mother as Comtesse de Bigorre, Vicomtesse de Marsan.� Edward I King of England recorded the marriage contract between �_sa chere cosyne...Constance jadis femme de...Henri de Alemaine nostre cosyne_� and �_Edmun Genenue neuuz le esveke de Lengris et nostre cosyn_� by charter dated 1279[142].� A charter dated 1 Sep 1283 records that "dominam Constantiam primogenitam�Guastonis vicecomitis Bearnii et domin� Math� uxoris su� defunct�comitissam Bigori�" succeeded as comtesse de Bigorre, following the deaths of "domino Esquivato et domino Jordano nepotibus quondam domin� P. comitisse Bigorr�"[143].� A charter dated 1302 records that Philippe IV King of France summoned "comitem Fuxi, Margaritam comitissam Fuxo eius matrem, comitissam Armaignensem relictam domini Geraldi de Armaniaco, Constanciam vicecomitissam de Marciano, et Guillermam de Bearno dominam de Moncada" as proxy for "consortis nostre regine, Guillelmo Tesson militi et Lore vicecomitisse Turenne" for a hearing relating to the county of Bigorre[144].� m firstly(Calatayud 23 Mar 1260) Infante don ALFONSO de Arag�n, son of JAIME I �El Conquistador� King of Aragon & his first wife Infanta do�a Leonor de Castilla (before Feb 1228-Calatayud 26 Mar 1260, bur Santa Mar�a de Veruela).� Betrothed(1266) to Infante don MANUEL de Castilla, Se�or de Escalona, Pe�afiel y Villena, son of FERNANDO III "el Santo" King of Castile & his first wife Elisabeth von Hohenstaufen (Carri�n de los Condes 1234-Pe�afiel 25 Dec 1283, bur Ucl�s, Santiago convent).� m secondly (Windsor Castle 5 or 15 May 1269, repudiated 1270) HENRY of Cornwall, son of RICHARD Earl of Cornwall & his first wife Isabel Marshal of Pembroke (Haughley Castle, Suffolk 2, 4 or 12 Nov 1235-murdered Viterbo, Italy 13 Mar 1271, bur Hayles Abbey, Gloucestershire).� m thirdly ([Jun/Aug] 1279) as his second wife, AIMON [II] Comte de Gen�ve, son of RAOUL Comte de Gen�ve & his wife Marie de Coligny (-18 Nov 1280).�
MARGUERITE de B�arn ([1245/50]-after 1310).� �_Garsindis comitissa mater Gastonis...vicecomitis Bearni_� agreed the marriage contract between �_dictum dominum Gastonem...Marguaritam filiam_� and �_Rogerium...comitem Fuxensem et vicecomitem Castri-boni...Rogerium Bernardi filium_�, dated 14 Oct 1252[145].� She succeeded her father in 1290 as Vicomtesse de B�arn, and her sister in 1310 as Comtesse de Bigorre.� A charter dated 1302 records that Philippe IV King of France summoned "comitem Fuxi, Margaritam comitissam Fuxo eius matrem, comitissam Armaignensem relictam domini Geraldi de Armaniaco, Constanciam vicecomitissam de Marciano, et Guillermam de Bearno dominam de Moncada" as proxy for "consortis nostre regine, Guillelmo Tesson militi et Lore vicecomitisse Turenne" for a hearing relating to the county of Bigorre[146].� She was ancestor of the later Comtes de Bigorre and Vicomtes de B�arn.� m (Layrac {Tarn-et-Garonne} 14 Oct 1252) ROGER Bernard de Foix, son of ROGER IV Comte de Foix & his wife Brunissenda de Cardona ([after 1231]-3 Mar 1303).� He succeeded his father in 1265 as ROGER Bernard III Comte de Foix.�
MATHE de B�arn ([1245/55]-after 1317).� The testament of �Bernardus...comes Armaniaci et Fesenciaci_� is dated 18 May 1302, names �...Geraldi quondam patris nostri comitis...domin� Siach�_ [presumably mistranscription for _Math�_] _comitissa Armeniaci et Fesenciaci matri nostr�_�[147].� Heiress of Gebardan, Eauzan and Brulbrois-en-partie.� A charter dated 1302 records that Philippe IV King of France summoned "comitem Fuxi, Margaritam comitissam Fuxo eius matrem, comitissam Armaignensem relictam domini Geraldi de Armaniaco, Constanciam vicecomitissam de Marciano, et Guillermam de Bearno dominam de Moncada" as proxy for "consortis nostre regine, Guillelmo Tesson militi et Lore vicecomitisse Turenne" for a hearing relating to the county of Bigorre[148].� m (1260) GERAUD [VI] Comte d'Armagnac, Vicomte de F�zenzaguet son of ROGER d'Armagnac Vicomte de F�zenzaguet [Lomagne] & his wife Pucelle d'Albret (-1280).�
GUILLELME de B�arn ([1245/55]-1309).� Alfonso X King of Castile approved the arrangements for the marriages of "el infante de Castilla don Manuel y Alonso Manuel" and "do�a Constanza y do�a Guillerma de Monacada, respectivamente, hijas de Gast�n de Moncada vizconde de Bearne" by charter dated 1266[149].� The contract between "domini Gastonis�vicecomitis Bearnensis" and "Alfonso�regi Castell� et domin� Violant regin� Castell�uxori" provides for the marriage between "Guillelmam filiam" of the former to "infanti domino Sancio filio" of the latter, witnessed by "domino Lop�domino de Biscaia, Didaco Lopi de Haro�"[150].� The contract between "domini Gastonis�vicecomitis Bearnensis" and "Alfonso�regi Castell� et domin� Violant regin� Castell�uxori" provides for the marriage between "Guillelmam filiam" of the former to "infanti domino Sancio filio" of the latter, witnessed by "domino Lop�domino de Biscaia, Didaco Lopi de Haro�", dated 6 Feb 1270[151].�The Chronicle of Ramon Muntaner records the marriage of "l�infant Pierre" and "madame Guillelmine de Muncada, fille de Gaston de B�arn", dated to 1295[152].� A charter dated 1302 records that Philippe IV King of France summoned "comitem Fuxi, Margaritam comitissam Fuxo eius matrem, comitissam Armaignensem relictam domini Geraldi de Armaniaco, Constanciam vicecomitissam de Marciano, et Guillermam de Bearno dominam de Moncada" as proxy for "consortis nostre regine, Guillelmo Tesson militi et Lore vicecomitisse Turenne" for a hearing relating to the county of Bigorre[153].� Betrothed (contract Alcazar de Sevilla 12 Mar 1266) to ALFONSO Manuel, son of Infante don Manuel de Castilla y Le�n, Se�or de Escalona y Pe�afiel, & his first wife Infanta do�a Constanza de Arag�n ([1261]-Montpellier 1275, bur Ucl�s, Santiago convent). �Betrothed (6 Feb 1270, contract broken before 1281) to Infante don SANCHO de Castilla y Le�n, son of ALFONSO X "el Sabio" King of Castile and Le�n & his wife Infante do�a Violante de Arag�n (Valladolid 12 May 1258-Toledo 25 Apr 1295, bur Toledo, Cathedral Santa Mar�a).� He succeeded his father in 1284 as SANCHO IV "el Bravo" King of Castile and Le�n.� m (28 Aug 1291) Infante don PEDRO de Arag�n, son of PEDRO III King of Aragon & his wife Constanza of Sicily [Hohenstaufen] ([1275]-Tordehumos 30 Aug 1296).�

Gaston [VII] had five illegitimate children by unknown mistresses:�

RAYMOND de B�arn .� Archdeacon of Larbaig 1317.� Archdeacon of Rivi�re 1319.� Canon at Pamiers.�
ARNAUD GUILLAUME de B�arn .� Seigneur et Baron de Lescun 1298.� m CLARMONDE de Lescun, daughter of FORTANER Seigneur de Lescun & his wife Sibylle de Navailles.�
BERNARD de B�arn dit l�Aspes .� Seigneur d�Arudy.� Seigneur d�Amou.� m(before 24 Sep 1319) ESTIE d�Amou, daughter of GAILLARD Seigneur d�Amou & his wife Agnes de Poylohault.�
CONDOR de B�arn .� m ARNAUD GUILLAUME Seigneur et Baron d�Andoins, son of ---.�
GILLETTE de B�arn .� Abbesse of Beyries at Marsan.�

Chapter 2.�� COMTES de BIGORRE

A.�� COMTES de BIGORRE [870]-[1040]

�

The county of Bigorre was probably founded around the same time as the vicomt� of B�arn in the late 860s/early 870s.� According to the spurious documents relating to the monastery of Alarcon, discussed fully in the Introduction to chapter 1 of the present document, the comtes de Bigorre descended from the family of the first dukes of Gascony.� However, other surviving primary sources do not establish this descent beyond doubt.� The county of Bigorre was approximately co-extensive with the ecclesiastical diocesis of Tarbes[154].� The direct male line of the first dynasty of comtes de Bigorre died out in [1040], after which the county passed successively through the female line to the families of the comtes de Carcassonne, the vicomtes de B�arn, the vicomtes de Marsan, the comtes de Comminges, the comtes de Montfort, and the seigneurs de Chabanais.� The comtes de Bigorre were vassals of the Gascon dukes/counts until 1082 when Centule [I] Comte de Bigorre swore allegiance to Sancho I King of Aragon and Navarre.� The homage was renewed by Comte Centule [II] in May 1122.� The counts of Bigorre were later vassals of the bishop of Le Puy-en-Velay.� This chapter also shows the families of the vicomtes de la Barthe, de Lavedan et de Montaner, who were vassals of the comtes de Bigorre.�

The end of the independence of the county of Bigorre was marred by disputes between the rival claimants to the succession.� In 1250, P�tronille Ctss of Bigorre disposed of her interests in the county to her son-in-law Gaston [VII] Vicomte de B�arn, who had married P�tronille�s youngest daughter, born from her fifth marriage to Boson de Marsan.� However, in the following year, under her testament, the countess bequeathed Bigorre to her grandson Eschivat de Chabanais, the son of P�tronille�s older daughter by her third husband Guy de Montfort.� The two claimants inevitably quarelled, and Eschivat was unable to defend the county against Gaston�s aggression.� He therefore donated Bigorre to his paternal uncle Simon de Montfort Earl of Leicester.� After Earl Simon was killed in battle at Evesham in 1265, his widow transferred Bigorre to Henri III King of Navarre.� Eschivat must later have regretted his decision to part with his heritage as, in 1276, he recognised the rights of his half-sister Mathilde de Courtenay (who had been born from his mother�s second marriage and so was not a descendant of the countess P�tronille) to half of the county, on the grounds that he was fulfilling the intentions of his maternal grandmother and also the conditions of the marriage contract for his mother�s second marriage.� The 1276 document does not specify the fate of the other half of the county, but presumably it was retained by Eschivat.� In any event, when Eschivat died in 1283, it passed to his full sister Lore de Chabanais.� The matter was further complicated with the death in 1290 of Gaston [VII] Vicomte de B�arn, who left four daughters and co-heiresses by his marriage to Mathe de Marsan-Bigorre.� Meanwhile, a side dispute arose between Mathilde de Courtenay and her half-sister Lore de Chabanais.� This was submitted to arbitration in 1297, and the arbitrators sensibly recognised that the county was in fact then held by the French king Philippe IV, who was the direct heir through his wife to the kingdom of Navarre, and restricted their judgment to deciding that the two claimants should share the county if it was ever regained from the French crown.� The main dispute continued to simmer, until 1303 when King Philippe IV summoned all parties to a public hearing.� The documentation does not reveal the conclusions of the hearing, but in any case the county of Bigorre remained with the French crown.� In 1503, the senior descendant of Lore de Chabanais took up the cudgels again with a detailed claim which proved his descent from P�tronille Ctss de Bigorre and asserted that he was the rightful heir to the county.� The court did not challenge the details of the descent, but rejected the claim on the basis that the county had been lawfully ceded to the king of Navarre and from him had passed to the French crown.� The details of the various primary sources on which this account is based are set out below in Part E of the present chapter.�

DONAT LOUP, son of [LOUP [III] Duke of Gascony & his wife ---] (-[before 865]).� The charter of Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks dated 30 Jan 845 (probably spurious, as explained in the Introduction) names "Donatum Lupum et Centulupum" as sons of "Lupi Centulli Ducis", stating that the former was installed as Comte de Bigorre[155].� His patronymic is confirmed by the charter of his wife dated Dec [865] (see below).� The _Vita Hludowici Imperatoris_records that Emperor Louis I sent "Elisachar abbatem et Hildebrandum comitem�et Donatum" to suppress the revolt of "Aizone" in the March of Spain [in 827][156].� The Vita Hludowici Imperatoris records that Emperor Louis I sent "Bonifatius comes et Donatus�comes�et Adrebaldus Flaviniacensis monasterii abbas" as missi to Septimania [in 838][157].�

m FAQUILO, daughter of [MANSIO] & his wife ---.� "Dompna Faquilo" donated property to the monastery of Saint-Orens de Lavedan, for the souls of "Mansionis�Donati Lupi comiti�et filiis meis et filias", by charter dated Dec [865], subscribed by "Dattonis Donati comitis, Luponis, Luponis Centuli"[158].� Monlezun names "Faquil�ne, fille de Mancion qui para�t appartenir � la souche des vicomtes de Lav�dan" as the wife of Donat-Loup de Bigorre[159].�

Donat Loup & his wife had [four or more] children:�

DATO Donat .� His parentage is suggested by the charter dated Dec [865] under which "Dompna Faquilo" donated property to the monastery of Saint-Orens de Lavedan, for the souls of "Mansionis�Donati Lupi comiti�et filiis meis et filias", by charter dated Dec [865], subscribed by "Dattonis Donati comitis, Luponis, Luponis Centuli"[160].� Comte de Bigorre.� Monlezun states that Dato Donat died without issue[161].�
LOUP Donat .� The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.� Monlezun names "Dato-Donat et Loup-Donat" as the sons of Donat-Loup de Bigorre[162].� He succeeded his brother as Comte de Bigorre[163].� m ---.� The name of Loup Donat's wife is not known.� Loup Donat & his wife had [two] children:�

a) DATO [II] Loup .� The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.� Monlezun names "Dato-Lupi" as son of Loup Donat, specifying that he succeeded his father as Comte de Bigorre[164].�

b) [MANSION[Loup] .� According to Jaurgain, Mansion Loup was the second son of Loup Donat Comte de Bigorre[165].� He cites no primary source which names him, confirms the relationship or specifies his patronymic.� It appears that this person, named Mansion, is known only from the patronymic attributed to his son.� It is probable that the alleged family connection with the comtes de Bigorre is speculative because the name "Mansio" appears in the supposed family of his presumed paternal grandmother Faquilo.]�

-�� VICOMTES de LAVEDAN.�

daughters .� Their existence is confirmed by the charter dated Dec [865] under which their mother "dompna Faquilo" donated property to the monastery of Saint-Orens de Lavedan, for the souls of "Mansionis�Donati Lupi comiti�et filiis meis et filias", by charter dated Dec [865], subscribed by "Dattonis Donati comitis, Luponis, Luponis Centuli"[166].�
--- .� According to Jaurgain, the husband of Lupa S�nchez was Dato [II] Loup Comte de Bigorre but he cites no primary source on which this is based[167].� m LUPA S�nchez, illegitimate daughter of SANCHO I Garc�a King of Navarre & his mistress ---.� The Codex de Roda names "domna Lopa" as the child of "Sanzio Garseanis�ex anzilla", stating that she was mother of "Regemundo de Bigorra"[168].� One child:�

a) RAYMOND (-[956]).� The Codex de Roda names "domna Lopa" as the child of "Sanzio Garseanis�ex anzilla", stating that she was mother of "Regemundo de Bigorra"[169].�Comte de Bigorre.� "Raymundus Vigorritanus comes" donated property to Saint-Savin by charter dated 945[170].�m [as her first husband,] GERSENDE [Faquilena]d'Astarac, daughter of ARNAUD Comte d'Astarac & his wife --- (-30 Aug after [955]).� The _Codex_de Roda names "Garsie Arnaldi et Leudebico, vel domna Girisenda" as the children of "Arnaldo Garsies" and his unnamed wife, stating that Gersende married "Regismundi de Bigorra"[171].� On the other hand, a charter dated to [955] records that "Faquilleno et Arremundo Dato et Guillelmo Horgulo et Garcia Horgulo et Arnaldo Horgulo" donated four churches in the diocese of Comminges to Sainte-Marie d�Auch, for their own souls and those of "suo patrem Arnaldo comito et Sancio comito et Gilelmo comito", adding that she died "III Kal Sep"[172].� It is not known whether Gersende and Faquilo were the same person, assuming a mistake in the Codex de Roda, or whether Raymond Dat Comte de Bigorre married two sisters in turn.� [According to Jaurgain, Faquilena married secondly Vicomte Auriol Dat (who he claims was the brother of her first husband)[173].� He cites no primary source on which this hypothesis is based except the two charters of Sainte-Marie de Simorre which record the donations by "Guillelmo Auriolo [comitis]" for the souls of "Garsi Arnaldi comitis et�Fachisan� matris me� et�Garsi Orollo�et Arnaldo"[174].� If "Fachisana" was the sister of Garcia Arnaud Comte d�Astarac, it is likely that he is identified as "Garsi Arnaldi comitis" named in this document.� However, it is possible that Faquilena who married Auriol Dat was a different person from Faquilena who married Comte Raymond, although if this is correct the unusual name suggests that they were related.� According to Jaurgain, Faquilo�s second husband was Auriol Dat, brother of her first husband[175].]� Comte Raymond Dat & his wife had two children:

i) LOUIS de Bigorre (-[1000]).� "Raymundus�comes Bigorritan�[et] successors eorum�Ludovicus comes filius prefati comitis ac Fortaner vicecomes�[et] Guarsiarnaldus comes filius patris supradicti comitis et G. Garsias Fort�successerunt Bernardus in comitatu, Guillem Fort et Ramon Guarsia nepos eius in vicecomitatu�Arnaldus abbas filius supradicti Guillem Fort" are named in an early document in the cartulary of Saint-Savin en Lavedan[176].� Comte de Bigorre.� m AMERNA, daughter of ---.� A charter dated to [980] records the remorse of Amelius Bishop of Bigorre for having authorised the marriage of "Lodovici comitis Bigorriantensis et uxoris eius Amerna�in tertia consanguinitate" and donated property to Saint-Orens subject to the life interest of "cognatus meus Fortanerius, Levitanensis [vice]comes et uxor eius Wisola et filius eorum Guarsia Forto"[177]. �According to Jaurgain, Amerna was the daughter of Aner Mans Vicomte de Lavedan but he cites no primary source on which he bases this statement[178].� Under this hypothesis, "Fortanerius" who is named in this charter would have been Amerna�s brother.� However, this seems unlikely to be correct unless he was considerably older than his sister, which is indicated by his son also being named in the same document.�

ii) [ARNAUD] de Bigorre .� Brother of Comte Louis, referred to but not named in the charter of Saint-Savin[179], his name is taken from the second name of his son on the assumption that this is a patronymic.� He does not appear to have been named in his own right in any surviving primary source.� m---.� The name of [Arnaud]'s wife is not known.� [Arnaud] & his wife had one child:�

(a) GARCIA Arnaud de Bigorre(-[1025/46]).� He is named as the nephew of Comte Louis in a charter of Saint-Savin, son of his brother (who is not named)[180].� He succeeded his uncle in [1000] as Comte de Bigorre.� "Garcias Arnaldi comes Vigorrensis�Centullus Gastonis vicecomes Bearnensis�Bernardus comes Armaniacensis, Aymericus comes Fedenciacensis, Bernardus comes Pardiniacensis�Forto vicecomes Levitanensis et filii eius Garcias et Guilhermus, Guilhermus Dati vicecomes Sylvanensis, et Guilhermus Odonis vicecomes de Montanerii, Raimundus Guilhermi de Benaco, et Arnaldus Raymundi de Baso, Guilhermus Garcias Curta spata, Arnaldus cognomine Ursus, Guilhermus Lupi vicecomes Marcianensis, et Arnaldus vicecomes Aquensis�" are named as present in the charter dated to [1022] under which "Sancius�totius Gasconni� princeps et dux" founded the monastery of St Hilaire-de-Lassun, later known as St P�-de-G�n�r�s[181].� m RICHARDE, daughter of --- (-Nov 1046, bur Auch Sainte-Marie).� A document refers to the burial at Sainte-Marie d�Auch of "R. quandam neptem suam fratris filiam�Candidam�et comitissam quandam Bigorre�Ricardam"[182].�� Garcia & his wife haf one child:�

(1) GERSENDE de Bigorre([986]-[1032/34]).� The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified.� Her marriage is confirmed by the charter dated 1034 under which �_Rotgarius filius Garsente_� paid homage to �_Petrone episcopo filio Adalais_�[183].� The 15th century Chronicle of Esquerrier names "dona Beatriz de Bezes" as the wife of "Mossen Bernard"[184], but this source is too late to give much credibility to its account of the early comtes de Foix.� She succeeded her father as Ctss de Bigorre.� m([1010]) BERNARD ROGER de Carcassonne, son of ROGER [I] de Comminges Comte de Carcassonne & his wife Adelaide de Pons (summer 981-[22 Aug 1036/38]).� He succeeded in 1012 as Comte de Couserans and (part) Carcassonne, Seigneur du pays de Foix.� Comte de Bigorre, by right of his wife.�

b) son .� m ---.� One child:�

i) CANDIDA (-bur Auch Sainte-Marie). �A document refers to the burial at Sainte-Marie d�Auch of "R. quandam neptem suam fratris filiam�Candidam�et comitissam quandam Bigorre�Ricardam"[185].��

B.�� COMTES de BIGORRE [1040]-1080 (COMTES de CARCASSONNE)

BERNARD ROGER de Carcassonne, son of ROGER [I] de Comminges Comte de Carcassonne & his wife Adelaide de Pons (summer 981-[22 Aug 1036/38]).� He succeeded in 1012 as Comte de Couserans and (part) Carcassonne, Seigneur du pays de Foix.� Comte de Bigorre, by right of his wife.

m ([1010]) GARSENDA de Bigorre, daughter of GARCIA Arnaud Comte de Bigorre & his wife Richarde --- ([986]-[1032/34]).� The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified.� She succeeded her father as Ctss de Bigorre.�

Ctss Garsenda & her husband had six children:

BERNARD [II] ([1014]-before 24 Jun 1077).� The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.� He succeeded in 1038 as Comte de Bigorre.� m firstly CLEMENCE, daughter of --- (-[1063]).� A charter dated 1062 records that "Bernardus Bigorrensis comes" went on pilgrimage to Puy-en-Velay with "uxor mea Clementia comitissa" and donated property to the church[186].� m secondly ([1062/63]) [as her second husband,] ETIENNETTE, [widow of GEOFFROY [I] Marquis de Provence], daughter of --- (-after 1 Apr 1080).� "Centullus comes et uxor mea Beatrix et mater eius Stephania" donated the monastery of Saint-Savin de Lavedan "in comitatu Bigorritano" to Marseille Saint-Victor �_et abbati Ricardo_� by charter dated 1 Apr 1080[187].� Her origin is not known.� Szabolcs de Vajay suggests that she was the widow of Geoffroy I Marquis et Comte de Provence, basing this on the connection with Marseille Saint-Victor indicated by the charter dated 1 Apr 1080 which is not reflected in earlier donations made by the Bigorre family[188].� He also points out that this would explain the absence of Etiennette [Douce] from any charters in Provence for more than 30 years after the death of Comte Geoffroy [I].� It should be noted that Etiennette, widow of Bermard [II], was absent from the similar donation made to Marseille Saint-Victor by her daughter and son-in-law dated 12 May 1087 (see below).� This could indicate that she was deceased by then or (as suggested by Szabolcs de Vajay) that she had returned to Provence.� Szabolcs de Vajay�s argument certainly has some appeal, but in the absence of other indications cannot be taken as conclusive.� Szabolcs de Vajay also suggests that she was Etiennette [Douce]de Marseille, daughter of [Guillaume [I] Vicomte de Marseille & his second wife Etiennette de Baux-Rians][189].�Comte Bernard II & his first wife had [two] children:

a) RAYMOND de Bigorre (-1080).� The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.� He succeeded his father in 1077 as Comte de Bigorre.�

b) CLEMENCE de Bigorre ([1036][190]-before 1065).� The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified.� �_Arnallum Mironem de Tost_� acknowledged vassalship of �_comitem Ermengaudum Urgellensem_� by charter dated 17 Oct 1059, subscribed by �_Ermengaudi comitis...Clemencia comitissa, Arnalli Mironis..._�[191].� m ([1055]) as his second wife, ARMENGOL III "�l de Barbastro" Conde de Urgel, son of ARMENGOL II "�l de Barbastro" Conde de Urgel & his second wife Constanza --- ([1031/33]-[Feb/Mar] 1065).�

Comte Bernard [II] & his second wife had one child;�

c) BEATRIX ([1064]-after 14 Oct 1095).� She succeeded her brother in 1080 as Ctss de Bigorre.� "Centullus comes et uxor mea Beatrix et mater eius Stephania" donated the monastery of Saint-Savin de Lavedan "in comitatu Bigorritano" to Marseille Saint-Victor �_et abbati Ricardo_� by charter dated 1 Apr 1080[192].� "Centullus comes et uxor mea Beatrix" donated the monastery of Saint-Sever "in comitatu Bigorritano" to Marseille Saint-Victor �_et abbati Ricardo_� by charter dated 12 May 1087[193].� "Beatrix comitissa Bigorritana" donated property "monasterium sancti Severi, in valle Rostanensi, in loco Abiciaco situm, in episcopate Tarbensi, in comitatu Bigorritano, quod etiam vir meaus Centullus�dederat" to Saint-Victor, Marseille by charter dated 1094, which names "patrem meum Bernardum�filiumque meum Bernardum"[194].� �_Beatrix comitissa Bigorritana_� donated property to the monastery of St Severius de Rostain, which �_vir meus Centullus_� donated to St Victor de Marseille, confirmed by �_Bernardus supradict� comitiss� filius_�, by charter dated 1091 which names �_patrem meum Bernardum_�[195].� m (1077 before 24 Jun) as his second wife, CENTULE [IV] Vicomte de B�arn et d'Oloron, son of GASTON [III] Vicomte de B�arn & his wife Adelais --- (-murdered 1088 or after 1090).�

other children: see FOIX.�

C.�� COMTES de BIGORRE 1080-[1148] (VICOMTES de BEARN)

BERNARD de B�arn, son of CENTULE [V] Vicomte de B�arn & his second wife B�atrix Ctss de Bigorre (-1113).� �_Beatrix comitissa Bigorritana_� donated property to the monastery of St Severius de Rostain, which �_vir meus Centullus_� donated to St Victor de Marseille, confirmed by �_Bernardus supradict� comitiss� filius_�, by charter dated 1091 which names �_patrem meum Bernardum_�[196].� He succeeded his mother in [1095] as BERNARD [III] Comte de Bigorre.� "Bernardus filius Centulli" ordered the writing of the customs of the county of Bigorre "tempore avi sui Bernardi�comitis" by charter dated to [1110], which names "Arnaldus vicecomes Levitanensis"[197].� m (1110) as her first husband, AZELMA de Fezensac, daughter of ASTANOVE [II] Comte de Fezensac & his wife --- ([1090]-before 1160).� The Genealogica Comitum Guasconi� names "filiam�Adalmur" as the child of "Astam-Novam", specifying that she was the mother of "Benetricis" who was childless[198].�The primary source which confirms the identity of her first husband has not yet been identified.� She married secondly (1119) G�raud [III] Comte d'Armagnac.� "Geraldus comes Armaniacensis�cum filio suo primogenito Bernardo" confirmed a donation to Sainte-Marie d�Auch after the death of "istius comitisse�et filie eius Benetricis", desiring "consulatum Fezenciaci", by undated charter[199].� This is the only charter cited by Jaurgain which supposedly confirms Azelma�s second marriage[200].� However, it is a curious document.� The wording implies that Comte G�raud confirmed Azelma�s donation because he desired her county, although the confirmation was made after she died.� If he had married her, however, he would presumably automatically have been entitled to Fezensac and the stated purpose behind the confirmation would have been pointless.� Another factor is that G�raud�s son Bernard is described in the document only as his son not hers.� Comte Bernard [III] & his wife had one child:�

a) BEATRIX ([1111/12]-1114).� The Genealogica Comitum Guasconi� names "filiam�Adalmur" as the child of "Astam-Novam", specifying that she was the mother of "Beatricis" who was childless[201].�

CENTULE[II] (-[1128/30]).� "�Gasto vicecomes Bearnensis et Centullus frater eius�" witnessed the charter dated 8 Jul 1117 under which "Anfussus imperator tocius Ispanie" confirmed an earlier donation of property to Jaca cathedral by his father and older brother[202].� Comte de Bigorre.� Alfonso I King of Aragon granted various territories including "castello de Rota...ila civitate de Sancta Maria de Aberrazin quando Deus...mihi dederat" to �_don Centullo de Bigorra et de Lorda_� by charter dated May 1122[203].� m firstly AMABLE, daughter of ---.� Her marriage is confirmed by the charter dated 12 Sep 1142 under which her daughter "Beatrix Bigorritanorum comitissa" donated property, with the consent of "mariti mei Petri di Marciano", for the souls of "patris mei Centuli et Amabill� matris me�", by charter dated 12 Sep 1142[204].� According to Jaurgain, Centule�s first wife was Amable, daughter of Bernard Athon [IV] Vicomte de B�ziers, but he cites no primary source on which this is based[205].�The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified.� m secondly (1128) as her first husband, ESTEFANIA[de Barcelona, daughter of RAMON BERENGUER III Comte de Barcelona & his third wife Dulce Ctss de Provence] ([1118]-).� The primary source which confirms her parentage and two marriages has not yet been identified.� She is not named as one of the daughters of Comte Ramon Berenguer [III] by Bofarull[206].� She married secondly ([1130]) Raymond Arnaud [II] Vicomte de Dax.� Comte Centule [II] & his first wife had one child:

a) BEATRIX [II] de Bigorre (-after 7 Feb 1148).� Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the charter dated 12 Sep 1142 by which "Consul�Bigorritanus et uxor illius Beatrix" confirmed donations by "Centullo comite" to the monastery of Escale-Dieu de Capadur and "Beatrix Bigorritanorum comitissa" donated property, with the consent of "mariti mei Petri di Marciano", for the souls of "patris mei Centuli et Amabill� matris me�"[207].� She succeeded her father in [1128/30] as Ctss de Bigorre.� "Petrus comes Bigorritanus et uxor mea Beatrix, comitissa, atque Centullus filius noster" donated property "in villa�Borderas" to the Order of the Temple by charter dated 7 Feb 1148[208].� m PIERRE Vicomte de Marsan, son of LUPUS Aner Vicomte de Marsan & his wife --- (-1163).� A charter dated 1141 names "Petrus comes Bigorr� et Vicecomes de Marsan, filius Lupi-Anerii" when describing his plans to expand the town of Marsan[209].�

D.�� COMTES de BIGORRE [1148]-[1200] (VICOMTES de MARSAN)

CENTULE de Marsan, son of PIERRE [I] Vicomte de Marsan & his wife Beatrix Ctss de Bigorre (-1178).� "Petrus comes Bigorritanus et uxor mea Beatrix, comitissa, atque Centullus filius noster" donated property "in villa�Borderas" to the Order of the Temple by charter dated 7 Feb 1148[210].� He succeeded his mother as CENTULE [III] Comte de Bigorre.�

m ([1155]) as her second husband, MATELLE de Baux, widow of PIERRE de Gabarret Vicomte de Bearn, son of RAYMOND de Baux & his wife Etiennette de Gevaudun (-after Oct 1175).� Her marriage is confirmed by the charter dated Oct 1175 by which Alfonso II King of Aragon granted the val d�Aran to "Centullo comiti de Bigorra et uxori vestr�Matell� consanguine� me�"[211].� The primary source which confirms her parentage and first marriage has not yet been identified.�

Comte Centule [III] & his wife had one child:�

STEPHANIE de Marsan .� She succeeded her father in 1178 as BEATRIX[III] Comtesse de Bigorre, Vicomtesse de Marsan.� Her supposed first marriage is deduced from Roger of Hoveden who names her supposed husband "Petrus vicecomes Akensis et comes Bigorni�" when recording the capitulation of the town of Dax in 1177[212].� The only explanation for Pierre being accorded the title Comte de Bigorre is if he had married the heiress of Bigorre.� However, the possibility that Roger of Hoveden was mistaken in recording this title cannot be excluded.� Her parentage and [second] marriage are confirmed by the following document: a charter dated Jan 1208 declared the validity of the marriage of �_regis Aragonum_� and �_Mariam Montispessulani_�, considering that �_comite Convenarum_� [Marie�s second husband] had �_priorem uxorem...filia Centuli quondam comitis Bigorrensis_�[213].� [m firstly(before 1177) PIERRE [II] Vicomte de Dax, son of RAYMOND ARNAUD Vicomte de Dax & his wife Estefania de Barcelona (-[1177/80]).]� m [secondly] (1180, divorced after 1192) as his first wife, BERNARD [IV] Comte de Comminges, son of BERNARD [III] Comte de Comminges & his wife --- de Toulouse (-22 Feb 1225).�

E.�� COMTES de BIGORRE [1200]-1316 (COMMINGES, MONTFORT and MARSAN)

BERNARD [IV] Comte de Comminges, son of BERNARD [III] Comte de Comminges & his wife --- de Toulouse (-22 Feb 1225).� A charter dated Nov 1197 names "_Bernardus comes Convenarum filius sororis comitis Tolosani_�[214], and a charter dated 1202 names "B. lo comte de Comenge lo cal fo filh de la filha N Anfos"****[215]**.�

m firstly (1180, divorced after 1192) as her second husband, BEATRIX [III] Ctss de Bigorre, widow of PIERRE [II] Vicomte de Dax, daughter of CENTULE Comte de Bigorre & his wife Matelle de Baux (-after 1192).� Her supposed first marriage is deduced from Roger of Hoveden who names her supposed husband "Petrus vicecomes Akensis et comes Bigorni�" when recording the capitulation of the town of Dax in 1177[216].� The only explanation for Pierre being accorded the title Comte de Bigorre is if he had married the heiress of Bigorre.� However, the possibility that Roger of Hoveden was mistaken in recording this title cannot be excluded.�

Comte Bernard & his first wife had one child:�

PETRONILLE de Comminges (-1251).� She succeeded her mother as Comtesse de Bigorre.� Her first marriage is confirmed by the charter dated Sep 1192 by which Alfonso II King of Aragon arranged the marriage of "Gaston nobili vicecomiti Bearnensi" and "consanguinea mea filia�Bernardi�comitis de Comenge, nepte Centulli�quondam comitis Bigorritani"[217].� The dating clause of a charter of Notre-Dame de Muret records the marriage of "Gasto" and "filiam Bernardi comitis Conuenarum in eodem loco Kal Jun"[218].� The Chronicle of Guillaume de Puylaurens records that "Simon de Montfort" married "son fils Guy" to "la comtesse de Bigorre"[219].� The record of the 1503 hearing relating to the dispute over the inheritance of the county of Bigorre records that "P�tronille contesse�de Bigorre" married "feu Monsieur Messire Guy de Narbonne", adding that the marriage was recognised by the church[220].� "Petronilla comitissa Bigorre et vicecomitissa Marcianensis" donated all her property inherited "ex bonis patris nostri" to "Gastoni de Bearnio et Mathe uxori vestre et filie nostre" by charter dated 1250[221].� The testament of "domina Petronilla comitissa Bigorre", dated 1251, appointed "dominum Esquivatum nepotem meum filium filie mee domine Aalis" as her heir "in�comitatu Bigorre", and if he died childless "dominus Jordanus frater dicti domini Esquivati", failing whom "domine Mathe filie mee"[222].� m firstly (betrothed 1192, 1 Jun [1196 or after]) GASTON [VI] Vicomte de B�arn, son of GUILLEM de Montcada [II] & his wife Maria de B�arn (1165-1215).� m secondly (divorced) don NU�O Sanchez de Arag�n, son of Infante don SANCHO de Arag�n Comte de Roussillon et de Cerdanya, ex-Comte de Provence & his second wife do�a Sancha N��ez de Lara ([1185]-1242).� He succeeded his father in 1226 as Comte de Roussillon et de Cerdagne/Cerda�a.� m thirdly(13 Nov 1216) GUY de Montfort-l�Amaury, son of SIMON [V] de Montfort Comte de Toulouse, Duc de Narbonne and Marquis de Provence & his wife Alix de Montmorency (-killed in battle 4 Apr 1220, bur Abbaye de Haute-Bruy�re).� m fourthly ([1221/23])AYMAR de Rancon, son of GEOFFROY [V] de Rancon Seigneur de Taillebourg & his wife --- (-1224).� m fifthly (1228) BOSON de Marsan Seigneur de Cognac, son of --- (-before 1251).� Ctss Petronille & her third husband had two children:�

a) ALIX de Montfort ([1217/20]-1255).� Her paternal origin is indicated by the letter dated 1 Apr 1250 from Alphonse Comte de Poitou et de Toulouse to her son "nobilis viri comitis Bigorre, nepotis...Symonis de Monteforti comitis Lycestrie"[223].� The record of the 1503 hearing relating to the dispute over the inheritance of the county of Bigorre records that "dame H�lys", daughter of "P�tronille contesse�de Bigorre" and her husband "feu Monsieur Messire Guy de Narbonne", married "messire Jordain de Chabanoys"[224].� She succeeded her mother in 1251 as Comtesse de Bigorre.� Her second marriage is confirmed by the charter dated Dec 1276 under which her son "Eschivatus comes Bigorre dominus de Chabanesio" confirmed the donation of half the county of Bigorre, in furtherance of the agreement made by "Petronilla quondam comitissa Bigorre avia mea" with the consent of "Aalipdis matris mee filie dicte comitisse" and the marriage contract between "dictam dominam Aalipdem matrem meam" and "dominum Radulphum de Courtenayo", to "soror mea Mathildis de Courtenayo filia dictorum Radulfi et Aalipdis"[225].� m firstly JOURDAIN ESCHIVAT [III]de Chabanais, son of GUILLAUME ESCHIVAT [II] de Chabanais & his wife ---.� m secondly (1247) RAOUL de Courtenay Seigneur d�Illiers, son of ROBERT de Courtenay Seigneur de Champignelles & his second wife Mathilde de Mehun (-1271).� Ctss Alix & her first husband had three children:

i) ESCHIVAT de Chabanais (-after 18 Aug 1283).� The record of the 1503 hearing relating to the dispute over the inheritance of the county of Bigorre names "Eschivat" as "aisn� filz" of "messire Jordain de Chabanoys" and his wife "dame H�lys", adding that he succeeded his mother as comte de Bigorre[226].� The testament of "domina Petronilla comitissa Bigorre", dated 1251, appointed "dominum Esquivatum nepotem meum filium filie mee domine Aalis" as her heir "in�comitatu Bigorre", and if he died childless "dominus Jordanus frater dicti domini Esquivati", failing whom "domine Mathe filie mee"[227].� He succeeded his mother in 1255 as Comte de Bigorre.� "Gasto�vicecomes Bearnensis et de Marciano et�domina Matha uxor eiusdem" recognised the rights of "domino Eschivato�comiti Biguorre et domino Cabanasii", in accordance with "dictum vel arbitrium domini R�.comitis Faxi [Fuxi]", by charter dated 16 Sep 1256[228].� "Esquivardus de Chabanes comes Biguorre" granted "totum comitatum Biguorre et Sanctum Chauzaium et Martham" to "domino Symoni de Monteforti comiti Lincestrie�avunculo nostro" by charter dated 22 Nov 1258[229].� "Esquivardus de Chabanes comes Biguorre et Jordanus eius frater" confirmed the grant of "totum comitatum Biguorre", which "dominus Gasto Bearnensis" had devastated and which they could not defend, to "domino Symoni�comiti Lincestrie" by charter dated 6 Aug 1261[230].� "Eschivatus comes Bigorre dominus de Chabanesio" confirmed the donation of half the county of Bigorre, in furtherance of the agreement made by "Petronilla quondam comitissa Bigorre avia mea" with the consent of "Aalipdis matris mee filie dicte comitisse" and the marriage contract between "dictam dominam Aalipdem matrem meam" and "dominum Radulphum de Courtenayo", to "soror mea Mathildis de Courtenayo filia dictorum Radulfi et Aalipdis" by charter dated Dec 1276[231].�The testament of �_Esquivatus comes Bigorr� dominus de Chabanez_�, dated 18 Aug 1283, appointed �_dominam Loram sororem meam_� as his heir[232].�An anonymous Chronicon of Saint-Marcial records the death in 1284 of "Echivatus comes Bigorre et dominus de Cabanisio" in Navarre and the succession of "domina Lora soror sua"[233].� A charter dated 1 Sep 1283 records that "dominam Constantiam primogenitam�Guastonis vicecomitis Bearnii et domin� Math� uxoris su� defunct�comitissam Bigori�" succeeded as comtesse de Bigorre, following the deaths of "domino Esquivato et domino Jordano nepotibus quondam domin� P. comitisse Bigorr�"[234].� m (1256) AGNES de Foix, daughter of ROGER IV Comte de Foix & his wife do�a Brunisenda de Cardona.� ��

ii) JOURDAIN de Chabanais (-before 1 Sep 1283).� The testament of "domina Petronilla comitissa Bigorre", dated 1251, appointed "dominum Esquivatum nepotem meum filium filie mee domine Aalis" as her heir "in�comitatu Bigorre", and if he died childless "dominus Jordanus frater dicti domini Esquivati", failing whom "domine Mathe filie mee"[235].� "Esquivardus de Chabanes comes Biguorre et Jordanus eius frater" confirmed the grant of "totum comitatum Biguorre", which "dominus Gasto Bearnensis" had devastated and which they could not defend, to "domino Symoni�comiti Lincestrie" by charter dated 6 Aug 1261[236].� A charter dated 1 Sep 1283 records that "dominam Constantiam primogenitam�Guastonis vicecomitis Bearnii et domin� Math� uxoris su� defunct�comitissam Bigori�" succeeded as comtesse de Bigorre, following the deaths of "domino Esquivato et domino Jordano nepotibus quondam domin� P. comitisse Bigorr�"[237].�

iii) LORE de Chabanais ([1240/45]-1316).� An anonymous Chronicon of Saint-Marcial records the death in 1284 of "Echivatus comes Bigorre et dominus de Cabanisio" in Navarre and the succession of "domina Lora soror sua"[238].�The record of the 1503 hearing relating to the dispute over the inheritance of the county of Bigorre records that "dame Lore sa seur, fille�de�dame H�lys et Jordain de Chabannoys" succeeded "Eschivat" as comtesse de Bigorre, adding that she left it to "messire Aymery de la Roche son filz"[239].� She succeeded her brother in 1283 as Comtesse de Bigorre, Dame de Chabanais et de Confolens.� An anonymous Chronicon of Saint-Marcial records the marriages in 1284 of "Lora filia Echivati de Cabanasio" and "R vicecomiti Turenne" and of "filius primogenitus dicti Raymundi" and "filiam dicte Lore"[240].� An anonymous Chronicon of Saint-Marcial records the marriages in 1284 of "Lora filia Echivati de Cabanasio" and "R vicecomiti Turenne" and of "filius primogenitus dicti Raymundi" and "filiam dicte Lore"[241].� A charter dated 1297 records the appointment of arbitrators in the dispute between "Mathildis de Courtenaio comitissa Theati uxor�domini Philippi de Flandria, filii�comitis Flandrensis" and "Lora vicecomitissa Turenne domina de Cabanesio soror dicte domine Mathildis" concerning the county of Bigorre, which they had sold to "domina Johanna regina Francie et Navarre"[242].� A charter dated 1 Mar 1298 records the decision of the arbitrators in the dispute between "domina Matildim comitissam Theauti" and "dominam Loram vicecomitissam Turenne dominam de Cabanesio sororem dicte domine Mathildis" concerning the county of Bigorre, deciding that if the county was ever recovered from "domina Johanna regina Francie et Navarre" it should be held by both parties according to their respective shares[243].� A charter dated 1302 records that Philippe IV King of France summoned "comitem Fuxi, Margaritam comitissam Fuxo eius matrem, comitissam Armaignensem relictam domini Geraldi de Armaniaco, Constanciam vicecomitissam de Marciano, et Guillermam de Bearno dominam de Moncada" as proxy for "consortis nostre regine, Guillelmo Tesson militi et Lore vicecomitisse Turenne" for a hearing relating to the county of Bigorre[244].� "Lore vicomtesse de Turenne dame de Chabanais, comme tutrice des enfants de feu Aimery de Rochechouart, damoiseau, son neveu" contracted for the marriage of "sa ni�ce Lore avec Simon de Rochechouart chevalier, seigneur de Saint-Laurent, avec les dispenses de parent�, lesquelles seraient obtenues du Pape" by contract dated "le vendredi apr�s Saint-Nicolas d�hyver 1304", which also records that "Messire Foucaud de Rochechouart doyen de Bourges donna au dit Simon son fr�re cent livres de rentes" and "la dite dame vicomtesse fait mention de son testament de ses enfants...Aimery et Jean"[245].� m firstly --- [de Rochechouart], son of [AIMERY [VII] Vicomte de Rochechouart & his wife Alix de Mortemart] (-before 1284).� m secondly(1284) as his second wife, RAYMOND [V] Vicomte de Turenne, son of RAYMOND [IV] Vicomte de Turenne & his wife Allemande Dame de Malemort (-[1284/22 Feb 1285]).�

b) PERNELLE de Montfort .� m RAOUL de la Roche-Tesson, son of ---.� A charter dated 1302 records that Philippe IV King of France summoned "comitem Fuxi, Margaritam comitissam Fuxo eius matrem, comitissam Armaignensem relictam domini Geraldi de Armaniaco, Constanciam vicecomitissam de Marciano, et Guillermam de Bearno dominam de Moncada" as proxy for "consortis nostre regine, Guillelmo Tesson militi et Lore vicecomitisse Turenne" for a hearing relating to the county of Bigorre[246].�

Ctss Petronille & her fifth husband had one child:�

c) MATHE [Amata] de Marsan (after 1228-[6 Feb 1270/Apr 1273]).� "Petronilla comitissa Bigorre et vicecomitissa Marcianensis" donated all her property inherited "ex bonis patris nostri" to "Gastoni de Bearnio et Mathe uxori vestre et filie nostre" by charter dated 1250[247].� The testament of "domina Petronilla comitissa Bigorre", dated 1251, appointed "dominum Esquivatum nepotem meum filium filie mee domine Aalis" as her heir "in�comitatu Bigorre", and if he died childless "dominus Jordanus frater dicti domini Esquivati", failing whom "domine Mathe filie mee"[248].� "Gasto�vicecomes Bearnensis et de Marciano et�domina Matha uxor eiusdem" recognised the rights of "domino Eschivato�comiti Biguorre et domino Cabanasii", in accordance with "dictum vel arbitrium domini R�.comitis Faxi [Fuxi]", by charter dated 16 Sep 1256[249].� The contract between "domini Gastonis�vicecomitis Bearnensis" and "Alfonso�regi Castell� et domin� Violant regin� Castell�uxori" provides for the marriage between "Guillelmam filiam" of the former to "infanti domino Sancio filio" of the latter, and names "domin� Math� eius uxoris", dated 6 Feb 1270[250].� m (before [1245/50]) as his first wife, GASTON[VII] Vicomte de B�arn, son of GUILLAUME [II] Vicomte de B�arn & his wife Gersende de Provence [Arag�n] (1225-26 Apr 1290).�

F.�� VICOMTES de la BARTHE

The vicomt� of la Barthe was created in the 10th century in the territory of the county of Aure, which had itself been separated from the county of Astarac in [960], and included "la vall�e de Neste et la partie de celle de Barousse qui forma plus tard la baronnie de Bramevaque".� The vicomte de la Barthe became a vassal of the Centule [I] Comte de Bigorre in 1083[251].�

MANSION[Auriol], son of [AURIOL Dat Vicomte & his wife Faquilena ---] (-after [1025]).� According to Jaurgain, he was the son of Auriol Dat Comte d�Aure but he cites no primary source on which this is based nor a source which specifies his patronymic[252].�

m ---.� The name of Mansion�s wife is not known.�

Mansion & his wife had two children:�

AURIOL Mans (-[1065]).� "�Aurioli Mancii vicecomitis, Arsi Mancii, Sancii Aurioli, Forcii Aurioli�" signed the charter dated 5 Jul 1039 under which "Arnaldus comes de Aura" renewed the donation of Sarrancolin (donated by his presumed paternal uncle Guillaume Auriol), and added other donations, to Sainte-Marie de Simorre[253].� m ---.� The name of Auriol�s wife is not known.� Auriol & his wife had three children:�

a) SANCHO Auriol .� "�Aurioli Mancii vicecomitis, Arsi Mancii, Sancii Aurioli, Forcii Aurioli�" signed the charter dated 5 Jul 1039 under which "Arnaldus comes de Aura" renewed the donation of Sarrancolin (donated by his presumed paternal uncle Guillaume Auriol), and added other donations, to Sainte-Marie de Simorre[254].� Vicomte de la Barthe.� A charter dated 1073 records that "Arnaldum comitem de Aura nec non�vicecomitem Sancium de Bartha" expelled "Raymundum, monachum" from the monastery of Sarrancolin which he had captured from Sainte-Marie de Simorre[255].� "Sancii de la Barta�et Aymericus frater eius" swore homage to Centule [I] Comte de Bigorre by charter dated 12 Mar 1083[256].� m ---.� The name of Sancho�s wife is not known.� Sancho Auriol & his wife had one child:�

i) AUGER (-[1130]).� Jaurgain names "Augerius Bartanus filius Sancii"[257].� Vicomte de la Barthe.�

-�� see below.�

b) FORT Auriol (-after 5 Jul 1039).� "�Aurioli Mancii vicecomitis, Arsi Mancii, Sancii Aurioli, Forcii Aurioli�" signed the charter dated 5 Jul 1039 under which "Arnaldus comes de Aura" renewed the donation of Sarrancolin (donated by his presumed paternal uncle Guillaume Auriol), and added other donations, to Sainte-Marie de Simorre[258].�

c) AYMERIC (-after 12 Mar 1083).� "Sancii de la Barta�et Aymericus frater eius" swore homage to Centule [I] Comte de Bigorre by charter dated 12 Mar 1083[259].�

ARSIEU Mans (-after 5 Jul 1039).� "�Aurioli Mancii vicecomitis, Arsi Mancii�" signed the charter dated 5 Jul 1039 under which "Arnaldus comes de Aura" renewed the donation of Sarrancolin (donated by his presumed paternal uncle Guillaume Auriol), and added other donations, to Sainte-Marie de Simorre[260].�

AUGER, son of SANCHO Auriol Vicomte de la Barthe & his wife --- (-[1130]).� Jaurgain names "Augerius Bartanus filius Sancii"[261].� Vicomte de la Barthe.�

m firstly ---.� The name of Auger�s first wife is not known.�

m secondly ---.� The name of Auger�s second wife is not known.�

Auger & his first wife had four children:�

ESPAIN (-after 1140).� Vicomte de la Barthe.� m AZERE, daughter of ---. �"Odo et Arnaldus Wlmi filii Espani vicecomitis de Barta et�Azera vicecomitissa mater eorum et�Blancaflor soror pr�dicti vicecomitis et Petrus comes Bigorritanus�" donated property "dans le territoire de Dozos" to the monastery of Bonnefont by charter dated to [1140][262].� Espain & his wife had three children:�

a) ODON (-after [1170]).� "Odo et Arnaldus Wlmi filii Espani vicecomitis de Barta et�Azera vicecomitissa mater eorum et�Blancaflor soror pr�dicti vicecomitis et Petrus comes Bigorritanus�" donated property "dans le territoire de Dozos" to the monastery of Bonnefont by charter dated to [1140][263].� Vicomte de la Barthe.�

-�� see below.�

b) BERNARD .� Abb� de l�Escale-Dieu [1155].�

c) ARNAUD GUILLAUME .� "Odo et Arnaldus Wlmi filii Espani vicecomitis de Barta et�Azera vicecomitissa mater eorum et�Blancaflor soror pr�dicti vicecomitis et Petrus comes Bigorritanus�" donated property "dans le territoire de Dozos" to the monastery of Bonnefont by charter dated to [1140][264].�m ---.� The name of Arnaud Guillaume�s wife is not known.� Arnaud Guillaume & his wife had one child:�

i) RAYMOND ARNAUD (-1205).� Canon of Saint-Etienne de Toulouse.� Bishop of Comminges 1188.�

ARNAUD (-10 Oct ----).� "Arnaldus de Labartha et frater eius Petrus" signed the charter dated to [1130] which records the donation of "la terre d�Aguin" to Sainte-Marie de Simorre[265].� Seigneur d�Esparros.� The necrology of Saint-Orens d�Auch records the death "VI Id Oct" of "Arnaldus Espareus, pater Geraldi episcopi Auscitani"[266].� m ([1115]) CONDOR [Condorine] d�Esparros, daughter and heiress of RAYMOND Seigneur d�Esparros & his wife --- (-4 May ----).� The necrology of Saint-Orens d�Auch records the death "IV Non Mai" of "Condor, mater Geraldi episcopi Auscitani"[267].�

-�� SEIGNEURS d�ESPARROS[268].�

PIERRE .� "Arnaldus de Labartha et frater eius Petrus" signed the charter dated to [1130] which records the donation of "la terre d�Aguin" to Sainte-Marie de Simorre[269].�
BLANCHEFLEUR .� "Odo et Arnaldus Wlmi filii Espani vicecomitis de Barta et�Azera vicecomitissa mater eorum et�Blancaflor soror pr�dicti vicecomitis et Petrus comes Bigorritanus�" donated property "dans le territoire de Dozos" to the monastery of Bonnefont by charter dated to [1140][270].�

Auger & his second wife had one child:�

--- .� The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not been identified.� m ([1120]) BERNARD [I] de Maul�on, son of GASSION Vicomte de Soule & his wife ---.�

ODON, son of ESPAIN Vicomte de la Barthe & his wife Az�re --- (-after [1170]).� "Odo et Arnaldus Wlmi filii Espani vicecomitis de Barta et�Azera vicecomitissa mater eorum et�Blancaflor soror pr�dicti vicecomitis et Petrus comes Bigorritanus�" donated property "dans le territoire de Dozos" to the monastery of Bonnefont by charter dated to [1140][271].� Vicomte de la Barthe.�

m ---.� The name of Odon�s wife is not known.�

Odon & his wife had three children:�

SANCHO [II] (-[1181/85]).�Vicomte de la Barthe.� "Ramon W. et Fortanerius" swore homage to "comiti Bigorritano et Sanchio de Labarta" by charter dated to [1175] which names "Avarchet de Labarcha" as one of the hostages[272].�
ARNAUD GUILLAUME [I] (-[1200]).� Vicomte de la Barthe.� "Bernardus comes Convenarum et Bigore et vicecomes de Marchan" donated property to Gimont by charter dated Aug 1192, witnessed by "Arnaldus Willelmus de la Barta�"[273].�m NAVARRA, daughter of --- & his wife Brune ---.� A charter dated Nov 1197 records the 4o consanguinity between "B. Convenarum comes" and "uxorem, filiam Arnaldi Willelmi de Barta" which provided the grounds for their divorce: "domina Bruna et Rogerius de Convenis fuerant fratres", adding the descent from "Bruna" to "Ademarus de Pontiis" to "alia Bruna" to "Navarra" to "Comtors filia Arnaldi Willelmi de Barta"[274].� Arnaud Guillaume [I] & his wife had four children:�

a) SANCHO[III] (-after 1235).� He is named as brother of Contors in the 22 Nov 1211 charter quoted below.� Vicomte de la Barthe.�

-�� see below.�

b) ESPAIN .� Archdeacon of Torol 1235.�

c) GASPARD .�

d) COMTORS de la Barthe (-after 1234).� A charter dated Nov 1197 records the 4o consanguinity between "B. Convenarum comes" and "uxorem, filiam Arnaldi Willelmi de Barta" which provided the grounds for their divorce: "domina Bruna et Rogerius de Convenis fuerant fratres", adding the descent from "Bruna" to "Ademarus de Pontiis" to "Navarra" to "Comtors filia Arnaldi Willelmi de Barta"[275].� A charter dated 22 Nov 1211 includes testimonies relating to the lawsuit for the annulment of Marie�s third marriage, including in relation to the terms of the divorce between �_Bernardum comitem Convenarum_� and �_dominam Condors sororem Sancii de Barta_�[276].� m ([1195], divorced [1197]) as his second wife, BERNARD [IV] Comte de Comminges, son of BERNARD [III] Comte de Comminges & his wife --- de Toulouse (-22 Feb 1225).�

[AVARCHET (-after [1175]).� "Ramon W. et Fortanerius" swore homage to "comiti Bigorritano et Sanchio de Labarta" by charter dated to [1175] which names "Avarchet de Labarcha" as one of the hostages[277].]�

SANCHO [III], son of ARNAUD GUILLAUME [I] Vicomte de la Barthe & his wife Navara de Pontis (-after 1235).� He is named as brother of Contors in the 22 Nov 1211 charter quoted above.� Vicomte de la Barthe.�

m ([1212]) MATHILDE de Comminges, daughter of BERNARD [IV] Comte de Comminges & his third wife Marie de Montpellier.� The testament of "Maria regina Aragonum et domina Montispessulani" is dated 20 Apr 1213, naming "Jacobum filium Regis Aragonum et meum_�_du� fili� me� Mathildis�et Perona"[278].�� The Chronicle of Guillaume de Puylaurens records that "comte Bernard de Comminges" had two daughters by his wife "la fille de Guillaume de Montpellier�Marie" of whom one married "Sanche de Barral" and the other "Centulle comte d�Astarac"[279].�

Sancho [III] & his wife had one child:�

ARNAUD GUILLAUME [II] (-after 1259).� "Arnaldus Guilhermus Barbazan et Bonushomo de Monte", executors of "quondam domini Santii de La Bartha", recognised a debt of "Arnaldum Guilhermum de La Bartha, filium pr�fati domini Santii" to the monastery of Bonnefont by charter dated Feb 1237[280].�Vicomte de la Barthe, d'Aure et de Magnoac.� m([1235]) --- d�Aure, daughter of BERNARD Vicomte d�Aure & his wife ---.� Vicomtesse d�Aure et de Magnoac.� Arnaud Guillaume [II] & his wife had one child:�

a) VERONIQUE de la Barthe .� Vicomtesse de la Barthe, d'Aure et de Magnoac.� m (1263) ARNAUD BERNARD d�Armagnac, son of ROGER d�Armagnac Vicomte de Fezensaguet & his wife Pucelle d�Albret (-killed in battle 1272).�

b) BRUNISENDE de la Barthe .�Vicomtesse de la Barthe, d'Aure et de Magnoac.� Her descendants assumed the name and arms of la Barthe[281]. �m BERTRAND de Fumel, son of ---.�

Three brothers:

GERARD de la Barthe(-after 18 Feb 1347).� Vicomte de la Barthe.� The first testament of "domini Johannis comitis Armaniaci", dated 18 Feb 1347, names as his heirs, in turn, "�dominum Gerardum de Bartha militem, dominum vallis Aur� et castri novi Manhoaci, consanguineum nostrum germanium�Rogerium de Bartha consanguineum nostrum germanium, fratri dicti Gerardi"[282].�m BRUNISENDE de Lautrec, daughter of ---.� G�rard & his wife had children:�

a) JEAN de la Barthe (-5 Oct 1398).� Vicomte de la Barthe.� m JEANNE d�Albret, widow of GUILLAUME RAYMOND Seigneur de Caumont, daughter of AMANIEU d�Albret & his wife Amabille d�Escoussins de Langoiran (-after 17 Aug 1395).� P�re Anselme names �_Jeanne d�Albret_� as the third daughter of B�rard [II] and names her two husbands, noting that his daughters are named in their father�s testament dated 1365[283].� "Amanjeu d�Albret" acquired rights from "Jne d�Albret femme de Jn de la Barte Sgr de la Vall�e d�Aure" by charter dated 17 Aug 1395[284].�

b) MASCAROSE de la Barthe .� m as his second wife, JEAN [I] Comte d�Astarac, son of CENTULE [IV] Comte d�Astarac & his wife Mathe de F�zensaguet (-5 Oct 1398).�

ROGER de la Barthe (-after 18 Feb 1347).� The first testament of "domini Johannis comitis Armaniaci", dated 18 Feb 1347, names as his heirs, in turn, "�dominum Gerardum de Bartha militem, dominum vallis Aur� et castri novi Manhoaci, consanguineum nostrum germanium�Rogerium de Bartha consanguineum nostrum germanium, fratri dicti Gerardi"[285].�
ARNAUD GUILLAUME de la Barthe (-after 18 Feb 1347).� Bishop of Lectoure.� The first testament of "domini Johannis comitis Armaniaci", dated 18 Feb 1347, names as his heirs, in turn, appoints "�dominum Arnaldum Guillelmi de Barta episcopum Lectorensem consanguineum nostrum�" among his executors[286].� Bishop of Albi.�

G.�� VICOMTES de LAVEDAN

The vicomt� of Lavedan was created in the early 10th century and originally consisted of "de l�Extr�me de Castelloubon, des villages de Souin, Siuros et Beaucens situ�s en Davantaygue, du territoire de Vidalos sis dans l�Extr�me de Salles sur la rive gauche du Gave, du tiers des revenues�appartenant au comte de Bigorre dans la vall�e de Bar�ges, de la viguerie de tous les lieux situ�s en Davantaygue entre Cot de Bo� et le chemin de Bar�ges�des�redevances per�ues dans les villages de la vall�e de Batsurgu�re"[287].�The vicomtes de Lavedan abandoned their title in the early 13th century and were thereafter known as seigneurs de Castelloubon or seigneurs de Lavedan[288].� The title was inherited by an illegitimate branch of the family of the Ducs de Bourbon in the early 16th century.�

MANSION [Loup], son of [LOUP Donat Comte de Bigorre & his wife ---] .� According to Jaurgain, Mansion Loup was the second son of Loup Donat Comte de Bigorre[289].� He cites no primary source which names him, confirms the relationship or specifies his patronymic.� It appears that this person, named Mansion, is known only from the patronymic attributed to his son.� It is probable that the alleged family connection with the comtes de Bigorre is speculative because the name "Mansio" appears in the supposed family of his presumed paternal grandmother Faquilo.�

m ---.� The name of Mansion�s wife is not known.�

Mansion & his wife had [two] children:�

ANER Mans (-[980]).� A charter dated to [940] records "Aner Manz et Anerils vicecomites Levitanic� vallis" among those who participated in the foundation of Saint-Savin de Lavedan[290]. �Vicomte de Lavedan.� m---.� The name of Aner�s wife is not known. �Aner & his wife had one child:�

a) FORT Aner (-[1022]).� Vicomte de Lavedan.� Fort Aner donated the village of Souin to the abbot of Saint-Savin by undated charter[291]. �"Cognatus meus Fortanerius, Levitanensis [vice]comes et uxor eius Musola et filius eorum�Guarsia Forto" are named in a charter dated to [980] under which Amelius Bishop of Tarbes donated property to the monastery of Saint-Orens de Lavedan, in expiation of the consent he had given for the marriage of "Lodovici comitis Bigorritanensis et uxori eius Amern�" who were related "in tertia consanguinitate"[292]. �"Sancius�totius Gasconni� princeps et dux" founded the monastery of St Hilaire-de-Lassun, later known as St P�-de-G�n�r�s, in the presence of "�Forto vicecomes Levitanensis et filii eius Garcias et Guilhermus�", by charter dated to [1022][293].�m MUSOLA [Wisola], daughter of ---.� A charter dated to [980] records the remorse of Amelius Bishop of Bigorre for having authorised the marriage of "Lodovici comitis Bigorriantensis et uxoris eius Amerna�in tertia consanguinitate" and donated property to Saint-Orens subject to the life interest of "cognatus meus Fortanerius, Levitanensis [vice]comes et uxor eius Wisola et filius eorum Guarsia Forto"[294]. �According to Jaurgain, Amerna was the daughter of Aner Mans Vicomte de Lavedan but he cites no primary source on which he bases this statement[295].� Under this hypothesis, "Fortanerius" who is named in this charter would have been Amerna�s brother.� However, this seems unlikely to be correct unless he was considerably older than his sister, which is indicated by his son also being named in the same document.� Fort & his wife had two children:�

i) GARCIA Fort (-[1022/23]).� "Cognatus meus Fortanerius, Levitanensis [vice]comes et uxor eius Musola et filius eorum�Guarsia Forto" are named in a charter dated to [980] under which Amelius Bishop of Tarbes donated property to the monastery of Saint-Orens de Lavedan[296]. �"Sancius�totius Gasconni� princeps et dux" founded the monastery of St Hilaire-de-Lassun, later known as St P�-de-G�n�r�s, in the presence of "�Forto vicecomes Levitanensis et filii eius Garcias et Guilhermus�", by charter dated to [1022][297].�Vicomte de Lavedan.� m ---.� The name of Garcia�s wife is not known.� Garcia & his wife had three children:�

(a) RAYMOND Garcia .� Vicomte de Lavedan.� "Guillem Fort et Ramon Garsia nepos eius, in vicecomitatu" renewed the privileges of the monastery of Saint-Savin de Lavedan by charter dated to [1023][298]. �"Guilhermus vicecomes et Raimundus Garsias et Guilhermus frater suus" proclaimed the protection of the monastery of Saint-Orens de Lavedan by charter dated to [1023][299]. �"Raimundus Garsias" donated property to Saint-Savin de Lavedan[300], by charter which Jaurgain dates to [1070][301]. �

(b) GUILLAUME Garcia (-after [1023]).� "Guilhermus vicecomes et Raimundus Garsias et Guilhermus frater suus" proclaimed the protection of the monastery of Saint-Orens de Lavedan by charter dated to [1023][302]. �

ii) GUILLAUME Fort (-[1040]).� "Sancius�totius Gasconni� princeps et dux" founded the monastery of St Hilaire-de-Lassun, later known as St P�-de-G�n�r�s, in the presence of "�Forto vicecomes Levitanensis et filii eius Garcias et Guilhermus�", by charter dated to [1022][303].� Vicomte de Soule.�

-�� VICOMTES de SOULE.�

[ANERILS(-after [940]).� A charter dated to [940] records "Aner Manz et Anerils vicecomites Levitanic� vallis" among those who participated in the foundation of Saint-Savin de Lavedan[304]. �Vicomte de Lavedan.]� same person as�? AZERILS (-after 3 Apr [1009]).� [Vicomte] de Sault.� According to Jaurgain, Azerils Vicomte de Sault was the same person as Anerils Vicomte de Lavedan[305], although this appears improbable from a chronological point of view.� "�Azerilis de Salt�" signed the charter dated 3 Apr [1009] under which "Bernardus Willelmus comes" confirmed the foundation of Saint-Sever by "genitor meus Willelmus Sancio comes"[306].�

-�� VICOMTES de SAULT[307].�

AUGER (-after 1 Apr 1080).� According to Jaurgain, Auger was the son of Raymond Garcia Vicomte de Lavedan, but he cites no primary source on which he bases his statement[308].�Vicomte de Lavedan.� "Ogerii vicecomitis, Tubaldi, Stephani, Arsenii" subscribed the charter dated 12 May 1087 under which "Centullus comes et uxor mea Beatrix et mater eius Stephania" donated the monastery of Saint-Savin de Lavedan "in comitatu Bigorritano" to Saint-Victor de Marseille[309].�Jaurgain identifies the subscribers as Auger Vicomte de Lavedan and his three brothers[310], although there appears to be nothing in the document on which he bases this statement.�
RAYMOND (-after 14 Oct 1095).� "Ramundus de Levitania" is named in a charter dated 14 Oct 1095 as present at the consecration of the church of Saint-P� de G�n�r�s[311].�According to Jaurgain, Raymond was the son of Auger Vicomte de Lavedan, but he cites no primary source on which he bases his statement[312].� [Vicomte de Lavedan].� It should be noted that the document quoted above does not attribute the vicomital title to Raymond.�
ARNAUD [I] (-[12 Sep 1142/1144]).�According to Jaurgain, Arnaud [I] was the son of Raymond [Vicomte de Lavedan], but he cites no primary source on which he bases his statement[313].�Vicomte de Lavedan.� "Bernardus filius Centulli" ordered the writing of the customs of the county of Bigorre "tempore avi sui Bernardi�comitis" by charter dated to [1110], which names "Arnaldus vicecomes Levitanensis"[314].� "Arn de Laveda et R. Gassie so filh" subscribed the charter dated 24 Apr 1125 under which Sancho Garcia vicomte d�Aure swore homage to the comte de Bigorre[315].� m firstly --- (-[1119/20]).� Arnaud�s first wife is referred to, but not named, in a charter dated to 1118, during the absence of her husband at war in Spain, in which "Guasie Doad de Sent Martii" declared to "la molher de Arnaut de Lavedan" that "lo senhor de Casted Loboo" should receive one third of revenues from Bar�ges by the comte de Bigorre[316].� m secondly ([1120]) ORIA Ctss de Pallars, daughter of ---.� This marriage is referred to by Jaurgain but it has not yet been possible to link Oria with the family of the condes de Pallars[317].� Arnaud [I] & his first wife had two children:�

a) RAYMOND GARCIA (-after 1186).� "Arn de Laveda et R. Gassie so filh" subscribed the charter dated 24 Apr 1125 under which Sancho Garcia vicomte d�Aure swore homage to the comte de Bigorre[318].� m ([1140]) CORNELIE de Barbazan, daughter of ARNAUD Seigneur de Barbazan-Debat & his wife ---.� A charter dated to [1140] records that "Arnaldus de Barbaza de Debat, suam filiam Corneliam" married "Raimundo Guarsie filio Arnaldo de Laveda" and "Guilhermus Arnaldus suus consanguineus" (referring to "Arnaldus de Barbaza") considered himself prejudiced by the marriage and declared war and captured the bride�s property[319].�

-�� VICOMTES de LAVEDAN[320].�

b) ARNAUD de Lavadan dit d�Aragon (-[1180/85]). �"Fortanerius de Levitano�filius Arnaldi de Aragono" donated property to Berdoues by charter dated 1190, confirmed by "domina Maria�filia predicti Fortanerii de Levitano" by charter dated 1194[321].�

-�� SEIGNEUR de BEAUCENS[322].�

H.�� VICOMTES de MONTANER

Montaner is located in the Pau arrondissement of the eastern part of the present-day French d�partement of Pyr�n�es-Atlantiques, north-west of Tarbes.� Vicomtes de Montaner are recorded in primary sources from the early 11th century until the end of the same century.� The primary sources, extracted below, suggest that the vicomtes were vassals of the comtes de Bigorre.� No indication has been found of the fate of the vicomt� de Montaner after the end of the 11th century.�

ODON Dat, son of DATO & his wife --- (-[1010]).� According to Jaurgain, Odon Dat was the brother of Auriol Dat, stating that they were sons of Dato [II] Loup Comte de Bigorre and brother of Raymond Comte de Bigorre[323].� However, he cites no primary source on which this is based and presumably the hypothesis depends only on his patronymic.� It should be noted that Raymond Comte de Bigorre is not referred to as "Raymond Dat" in any of the primary sources consulted.� Vicomte de Montaner.� A charter dated 1009 records, in the presence of "Lodoici comitis Bigorr�", that "Otto Dato vicecomes Montanereus" founded the monastery of Saint-Orens de La Reule[324].� Another, undated, charter also records the foundation of Saint-Orens de La Reule by "Otto Dat vicecomes�[et] Arnaldum quoque Sancionem vicecomitem", and notes that "filius suus Guillelmus Otto�[et] Garsendi�sorori su�" donated further property and that Odon Dat died in the same year[325].�

m ---.� The name of Odon�s wife is not known.�

Odon Dat & his wife had two children:�

GUILLAUME Odon (-1036).� An undated charter records the foundation of Saint-Orens de La Reule by "Otto Dat vicecomes�[et] Arnaldum quoque Sancionem vicecomitem", and notes that "filius suus Guillelmus Otto�[et] Garsendi�sorori su�" donated further property[326].� Vicomte de Montaner.� "Sancius�totius Gasconni� princeps et dux" founded the monastery of St Hilaire-de-Lassun, later known as St P�-de-G�n�r�s, in the presence of "�Guilhermus Odonis vicecomes de Montanerii�", by charter dated to [1022][327].� An undated charter records that "vicecomite Guillelmo Ottone, eius consanguineus" appointed "[Gregorius]" as abbot of Saint-Orens de La Reule and donated further property[328].� m ---.� The name of Guillaume�s wife is not known.� Guillaume Odon & his wife had one child:�

a) BERNARD ODON .� A charter dated to [1037] records that, after the death of Guillaume Odon, "filius eius Bernardus Otto" confirmed the privileges of Saint-Orens de La Reule and donated the church of Sainte-Marie d�Estirac[329].�Vicomte de Montaner.�

GERSENDE (-after [1010]).� An undated charter records the foundation of Saint-Orens de La Reule by "Otto Dat vicecomes�[et] Arnaldum quoque Sancionem vicecomitem", and notes that "filius suus Guillelmus Otto�[et] Garsendi�sorori su�" donated further property[330].�
ODON [II] (-after [1050]).� Vicomte de Montaner.� "Odo vicecomes de Monte Anerii" donated a serf to Saint-P� by charter dated to [1050][331].�Jaurgain assumes that Vicomte Odon was the same person as Vicomte Bernard Odon[332].� This is a possibility but it is difficult to see how this conclusion can be drawn definitively on the basis of the limited information in the relevant primary sources.� No other information has been found about the parentage of Odon [II].�
ARNAUD (-before 1095).� Jaurgain states that Vicomte Arnaud was the same son as Vicomte Odon [II] but cites no primary source which confirms that this is correct[333].�Vicomte de Montaner.� "Ar. de Mont Aner" provided guarantors to Centule de B�arn Comte de Bigorre for the marriage of his granddaughter to Centule�s son Gaston, by charter dated to [1085][334].�m ---.� The name of Arnaud�s wife is not known.� Arnaud & his wife had [one] child:�

a) [daughter .� Her marriage is shown in Europ�ische Stammtafeln[335] and by Jaurgain[336].� The latter quotes the charter dated to [1085] under which "Ar. de Mont Aner" provided guarantors to Centule de B�arn Comte de Bigorre for the marriage of his granddaughter to Centule�s son Gaston[337], but the extract does not provide a clue about the parentage of the bride�s mother.� No more precise primary source has yet been identified which confirms her parentage and marriage.� In addition, the charters quoted in the document ARAGON KINGS suggest that Sancho�s known wife Beatriz survived well into the 12th century.� The conclusion must be that this reported second marriage of Sancho is incorrect, or that at least the parentage of his supposed second wife is reported inaccurately.� m [as his second wife,] SANCHO Ram�rez Se�or de Aibar, illegitimate son of RAMIRO I King of Aragon & his mistress Munia --- (-after 1117).]�

Chapter 3.�� VICOMTES d'OLORON

The vicomt� of Oloron, adjacent to the vicomt� of B�arn in south-central Gascony, is first recorded in the late 10th century.� It lay on "la plaine du Gave" and included "Oloron, Navarrenx et Sauveterre, les vall�es d�Aspe, d�Ossau, de Josbaig et de Bar�tous", except for "Lanne et le Barlan�s" which formed part of the vicomt� de la Soule[338].� The vicomt�s passed to the vicomtes de B�arn in the mid-11th century through the marriage of its heiress to Centule [IV] Vicomte de B�arn.�

ANER [Aznar] Sancho, son of SANCHO --- & his wife --- .� "Aner Sano vicecomes�" subscribed the charter dated 978 under which "Gumboldus episcopus�regionis dux" confirmed an exchange of property between the monks of La R�ole and his vassal "Arsia" with the advice of "fratrum�Willelmus Sancio dux"[339].� Jaurgain states that Aznar Sancho was the son of Sancho Garcia Duke of Gascony[340].� However, he cites no primary source which confirms that this is correct.�

m ---.� The name of Aznar�s wife is not known.�

Aznar & his wife had [three] children:�

[LOUP Aner.� Jaurgain assumes that Loup Aner was the son of Aner Sancho but cites no primary source which confirms that this is correct[341].� Vicomte d�Oloron.� ["�Wastonis Centulli vicecomitis, Lupi Anerii vicecomitis, Ernaldi Lupi vicecomitis Aquensis" subscribed the charter dated 980 under which Arsius Bishop of Bayonne listed the possessions of the bishopric[342].� It is not known whether "Lupi Anerii vicecomitis" was Loup Aner Vicomte d�Oloron or Loup Aner Vicomte de Marsan, both of whom were alive at the date of the document.]� The dating clause of a charter dated to [985], under which "Garsias Galinus miles" donated property to the monastery of Saint-Vincent de Lucq, refers to "temporibus Lupi Anerii vicecomitis Oloronensis"[343].]� m ---.� The name of Loup�s wife is not known.� Loup & his wife had [three] children:�

a) ANER Loup (-after 1009).� Vicomte d'Oloron.� "�Anerius Lupi de Olerone�Garcias Lupus de Sylvestro" signed the charter dated 14 Sep 988 under which "Sancio Bergomio et Asenario Elzi" sold land for the monastery of Saint-Sever to Guillaume Sancho Duke of Gascony[344].� "�Anelup de Loron, Lobaner filii eius, Arnaldi Lupi de Aquis�" signed the charter dated 3 Apr [1009] under which "Bernardus Willelmus comes�cum germano meo Sancio" confirmed the foundation of Saint-Sever by "genitor meus Willelmus Sancio comes"[345].� The dating clause of an undated charter, under which "quidam miles Garsias Donatus�frater Aurioli Donati Ogenensis" donated property to the monastery of Saint-Vincent de Lucq, refers to "in diebus Anerii Lupo vicecomitis"[346].� m ---.� The name of Aner�s wife is not known.� Aner & his wife had [one child]:�

i) [ANGELA .� An undated charter records that "Centullus Gastonis vicecomes" refused to make reparations to Duke Sancho for his marriage to "Angel�"[347].� According to Jaurgain, she was the daughter of Aner Loup Vicomte d�Oloron but he cites no primary source on which this is based[348].� As a widow, she donated the church and village of Aubin to Sainte-Marie de Lescar[349].�m CENTULE [IV] "le Vieux" Vicomte de B�arn, son of GASTON [II] Vicomte de B�arn & his wife --- (-killed in battle [1058]).� He adopted the title vicomte d�Oloron from 1045[350].]�

Aner had one illegitimate son by an unknown mistress:�

ii) LOUP Aner (-after 1060).� "�Anelup de Loron, Lobaner filii eius�" signed the charter dated 3 Apr [1009] under which "Bernardus Willelmus comes�cum germano meo Sancio" confirmed the foundation of Saint-Sever by "genitor meus Willelmus Sancio comes"[351].� He succeeded his father as Vicomte d�Oloron.�

-�� see below.�

b) [ARNAUD Loup(-after 29 Jul 1011).� Vicomte de Dax.� "�Anelup de Loron, Lobaner filii eius, Arnaldi Lupi de Aquis�" signed the charter dated 3 Apr [1009] under which "Bernardus Willelmus comes�cum germano meo Sancio" confirmed the foundation of Saint-Sever by "genitor meus Willelmus Sancio comes"[352].� The _Historia Abbati� Condomensis_quotes a charter dated 29 Jul 1011 under which "Ugo�Pr�sul, secundum lineam carnis eidem Duci propinquis et affinis" donated property "omnem portionem me� hereditatis�in pago Leumani�" to the convent of Condom, with the consent of "�Arnaldo Lupo Vicecomite�"[353].� According to Jaurgain, Arnaud Loup Vicomte de Dax was the second son of Aner Loup Vicomte d�Oloron.� He cites no primary source and presumably bases his hypothesis solely on the patronymic.� However, it is likely that all the persons who consented to the 29 Jul 1011 donation were the close relatives and heirs of the donor.� If this is correct, the absence of Aner Loup Vicomte d�Oloron, and other members of his family, would be surprising if he was the older brother of Vicomte Arnaud Loup and would have had greater seniority in the claim to the estate.]�

-�� VICOMTES de DAX.�

c) [GARCIA Loup(-[997]).� Jaurgain assumes that Garcia Loup was the son of Loup Aner but cites no primary source which confirms that this is correct[354].� "�Anerius Lupi de Olerone�Garcias Lupus de Sylvestro" signed the charter dated 14 Sep 988 under which "Sancio Bergomio et Asenario Elzi" sold land for the monastery of Saint-Sever to Guillaume Sancho Duke of Gascony[355].� "�Garci� Lupi de Sylvestro" signed the charter dated 993 under which "Willelmus Sancius comes" restored the monastery of Saint-Sever[356].� Seigneur du pays de Soubestre.]� m ---.� The name of Garcia�s wife is not known.� Garcia & his wife had one child:�

i) [LOUP Garcia.� Jaurgain assumes that Loup Garcia was the son of Garcia Loup but cites no primary source which confirms that this is correct[357].� A charter dated to [995] notes the foundation of the monastery of La R�ole by Guillaume Sancho Comte de Gascogne "cum favour vicecomitis Centulli Gastonis et Lupiniacnesis Lupi Garci� et principibus Vasconi�"[358].� Vicomte de Louvigny.]�

[DONAT Aner(-after Nov 982).� "�Donati Asnario�" subscribed a charter dated Nov 982, under which property was donated to R�ole, "regnante Guillelmo Sancio comite, captinentia Arnaldo vicecomiti"[359].� According to Jaurgain, he was the son of Aner [Aznar] Sancho[360].� However, this hypothesis appears to be based only on linking the patronymic, on the assumption that Aner [Aznar] Sancho was the only contemporary of that name in Gascony, without appears to be a bold assumption to make without further evidence.]�

-�� VICOMTES de GABARRET.�

[SANCHO Aner(-after 978).� "Aner Sano vicecomes, Willelmus Arsi�, Sans Aner, Rotgarius vicecomes, Utzan Amanieu, Arnald Amanieu" subscribed the charter dated 978 under which "Gumboldus episcopus�regionis dux" confirmed an exchange of property between the monks of La R�ole and his vassal "Arsia" with the advice of "fratrum�Willelmus Sancio dux"[361].� According to Jaurgain, Sancho Aner was the son of "Aner Sano vicecomes"[362].� He appears to base this only on the patronymic as he cites no other source in which Sancho Aner is named.� The difficulty lies in the order in which the subscribers are named in the 978 charter.� If Sancho Aner had been the son of Aner Sancho, it is probable that their names would have been adjacent.]�

-�� VICOMTES de TURSAN.�

LOUP Aner, illegitimate son of ANER Loup Vicomte d�Oloron & his wife --- (-after 1060).�"�Anelup de Loron, Lobaner filii eius�" signed the charter dated 3 Apr [1009] under which "Bernardus Willelmus comes�cum germano meo Sancio" confirmed the foundation of Saint-Sever by "genitor meus Willelmus Sancio comes"[363].� He succeeded his father as Vicomte d�Oloron.� A manuscript, recording a jurisdictional dispute between the bishoprics of Dax and Oloron, names "vicecomes Olorensis�Lupus Anerius", adding that he was "non�legitime natus" and that the vicomt� would revert to "vicecomitem Bearnensem" after his death[364]. �An undated charter records a donation to Saint-Vincent-du-Lucq "temporibus Lupi Anerii vicecomitis Olorenensis" by "miles Garsias Galinus"[365].�

m firstly ---.�

m secondly as her second husband, ---, widow of BERGON Loup de Charritte, daughter of ---.�

Loup Aner & his first wife had two children:�

DAT Loup .� The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.�� Viguier d�Aspe.� m ---.� The name of Dat�s wife is not known.� Dat & his wife had two children:�

a) LOUP Dat d�Aspe .� The History of the the monastery of Saint-Savin de Lavedan records that "filiis Dat Lub de Aspe, Job Dat, Aner Dat, Willelmus Dat" lost their legal dispute with "Bernardus abbas" in the court of "Centulli comitis", undated[366].� Seigneur de Lescun 1077, and ancestor of the later seigneurs de Lescun[367].�

b) ANER Dat d�Aspe .� The History of the the monastery of Saint-Savin de Lavedan records that "filiis Dat Lub de Aspe, Job Dat, Aner Dat, Willelmus Dat" lost their legal dispute with "Bernardus abbas" in the court of "Centulli comitis", undated[368].�

c) GUILLAUME Dat d�Aspe .� The History of the the monastery of Saint-Savin de Lavedan records that "filiis Dat Lub de Aspe, Job Dat, Aner Dat, Willelmus Dat" lost their legal dispute with "Bernardus abbas" in the court of "Centulli comitis", undated[369].�

GALIN Loup .� The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.�� Viguier d�Ossau.� "Galinus Lupi de Ursi Saltu" donated the church of Saint-Julien de Pena to the monastery of Saint-P� de G�n�r�s by undated charter[370].�

Chapter 4.�� VICOMTES de SOULE et de LOUVIGNY

The vicomt� of Louvigny was created in the 10th century around the town of the same name, around 20 kilometres north of Pau, north of the medieval vicomt� of B�arn.� It was held by Arnaud Guillaume de Marsan in the early 13th century[371].� The reconstruction of the family is shown in two parts in this chapter.� The reconstruction in Part A is based entirely on the series of spurious charters relating to the monastery of Alarcon, in the bishopric of Urgel and the county of Ribargorza, the background to which is discussed more fully in the introduction to Chapter 1 of the present document. �The first of the series charters, purportedly issued by Charles II �le Chauve� King of the West Franks in 845, records a claimed descent from the Merovingian kings which is impossible from a chronological point of view.� The original charter is followed by a series of nine purported confirmation documents issued by alleged descendants of the family whose background is discussed in the original.� The whole series is reproduced by Llorente, with translations into Spanish and commentary[372].� The spurious nature of these later confirmations is demonstrated by the document dated 1005 which records that the death of �_Garsia Garseanus Rex_� in that year and the succession of �_frater suus Sanctius Garseanus Rex in Aragone et in Pampilona_�[373].� However, as is the case with all similar dubious documents, some of the genealogical details are accurate.� Nevertheless, it is difficult to distinguish the true from the false.� Part B of this chapter sets out a reconstruction which is based only on other more reliable primary source documents.�

**A.**�� RECONSTRUCTION BASED ON SPURIOUS ALARCON DOCUMENTS

AZNAR, son of [WANDREGISIL of Gascony & his wife Marie of Gascony] (-after 20 Jul 862).� The charter of Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks dated 30 Jan 845 (possibly spurious, as explained in the Introduction) names "Bernarthi�Athonis nunc Palliavensis comitis�Antonii hodie vicecomitis Bitterrensis�idemque Asinarii nunc etiam Lupiniacensis ac Solensis vicecomitis" as sons of "Vandregisilus comes consanguineus noster�" & his wife[374].� Vicomte de Soule et de Louvigny.� �_Asinarius Solensis ac Lupiniacensis vicecomes cum uxore mea vicecomitissa Gerberga, et filiis nostris Asinario et Buchardo et Arnaldo et Faquilina_� confirmed the above charter by charter dated 20 Jul 862[375].�

m GERBERGE, daughter of BURKHARD dux& his wife ---.� The charter of Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks dated 30 Jan 845 (possibly spurious, as explained in the Introduction) names "Gerberge" as wife of "Asinarii nunc etiam Lupiniacensis ac Solensis vicecomitis" and that "nobilis consanguineus noster Burchardus Dux" who fought "contra Mauros de Corsica" was her father[376].� �_Asinarius Solensis ac Lupiniacensis vicecomes cum uxore mea vicecomitissa Gerberga, et filiis nostris Asinario et Buchardo et Arnaldo et Faquilina_� confirmed the above charter by charter dated 20 Jul 862[377].�

Aznar & his wife had four children:�

AZNAR (-[7 Jul 882/9 May 925]).� �_Asinarius Solensis ac Lupiniacensis vicecomes cum uxore mea vicecomitissa Gerberga, et filiis nostris Asinario et Buchardo et Arnaldo et Faquilina_� confirmed the above charter by charter dated 20 Jul 862[378].� Vicomte de Soule et de Louvigny, se�or de Barrabes, Benasque y Aran.� �_Asinarius vicecomes Solensis ac Lupiniacensis dominus in toto Barrabes et in Benasco et in Aruno cum uxoris mea vicecomitissa Centulla et filiis nostris Lupo Asinario et Artaldo et Centulio et Athone et Amita_� confirmed the above charter by charter dated 7 Jul 882[379].� m CENTULA, daughter of ---.� �_Asinarius vicecomes Solensis ac Lupiniacensis dominus in toto Barrabes et in Benasco et in Aruno cum uxoris mea vicecomitissa Centulla et filiis nostris Lupo Asinario et Artaldo et Centulio et Athone et Amita_� confirmed the above charter by charter dated 7 Jul 882[380].� Aznar & his wife had five children:�

a) LOUP Aznar (-after 9 May 925).� �_Asinarius vicecomes Solensis ac Lupiniacensis dominus in toto Barrabes et in Benasco et in Aruno cum uxoris mea vicecomitissa Centulla et filiis nostris Lupo Asinario et Artaldo et Centulio et Athone et Amita_� confirmed the above charter by charter dated 7 Jul 882[381].�Vicomte de Soule et de Louvigny, se�or de Barrabes y Benasque.�

-�� see below.�

b) ARTAUD .� �_Asinarius vicecomes Solensis ac Lupiniacensis dominus in toto Barrabes et in Benasco et in Aruno cum uxoris mea vicecomitissa Centulla et filiis nostris Lupo Asinario et Artaldo et Centulio et Athone et Amita_� confirmed the above charter by charter dated 7 Jul 882[382].� Monk at Reims Saint-R�my.� �_Lupus Asinarius Solensis ac Lupiniacensis vicecomes, dominans in Barrabis et in Benasco cum uxore mea Audisenda vicecomitissa et filiolo nostro Athone_� confirmed the above charter, by charter dated 9 May 925, adding that �_filiolus noster_� was baptised by �_fratre meo domno Artaldo monacho S. Remigii Rhemensis_�[383].�

c) CENTULE .� �_Asinarius vicecomes Solensis ac Lupiniacensis dominus in toto Barrabes et in Benasco et in Aruno cum uxoris mea vicecomitissa Centulla et filiis nostris Lupo Asinario et Artaldo et Centulio et Athone et Amita_� confirmed the above charter by charter dated 7 Jul 882[384].�

d) ATON .� �_Asinarius vicecomes Solensis ac Lupiniacensis dominus in toto Barrabes et in Benasco et in Aruno cum uxoris mea vicecomitissa Centulla et filiis nostris Lupo Asinario et Artaldo et Centulio et Athone et Amita_� confirmed the above charter by charter dated 7 Jul 882[385].� Bishop of Toulouse.� �_Atho Ripa-curi� comes�cum uxore mea Maria comitissa�necnon et avunculo meo domno Athone Episcopo Tolesano_� confirmed the above charter, by charter dated 8 Feb 973[386].�

e) AMITA .� �_Asinarius vicecomes Solensis ac Lupiniacensis dominus in toto Barrabes et in Benasco et in Aruno cum uxoris mea vicecomitissa Centulla et filiis nostris Lupo Asinario et Artaldo et Centulio et Athone et Amita_� confirmed the above charter by charter dated 7 Jul 882[387].�

BURCHARD .� �_Asinarius Solensis ac Lupiniacensis vicecomes cum uxore mea vicecomitissa Gerberga, et filiis nostris Asinario et Buchardo et Arnaldo et Faquilina_� confirmed the above charter by charter dated 20 Jul 862[388].�
ARNAUD .� �_Asinarius Solensis ac Lupiniacensis vicecomes cum uxore mea vicecomitissa Gerberga, et filiis nostris Asinario et Buchardo et Arnaldo et Faquilina_� confirmed the above charter by charter dated 20 Jul 862[389].�
FAQUILO .� �_Asinarius Solensis ac Lupiniacensis vicecomes cum uxore mea vicecomitissa Gerberga, et filiis nostris Asinario et Buchardo et Arnaldo et Faquilina_� confirmed the above charter by charter dated 20 Jul 862[390].�

LOUP Aznar, son of AZNAR Vicomte de Soule et de Louvigny & his wife Centulla --- (-after 9 May 925).� �_Asinarius vicecomes Solensis ac Lupiniacensis dominus in toto Barrabes et in Benasco et in Aruno cum uxoris mea vicecomitissa Centulla et filiis nostris Lupo Asinario et Artaldo et Centulio et Athone et Amita_� confirmed the above charter by charter dated 7 Jul 882[391].� Vicomte de Soule et de Louvigny, se�or de Barrabes y Benasque.� �_Lupus Asinarius Solensis ac Lupiniacensis vicecomes, dominans in Barrabis et in Benasco cum uxore mea Audisenda vicecomitissa et filiolo nostro Athone_� confirmed the above charter, in memory of �_patre nostro bon� memori� Asinario vicecomite_�, by charter dated 9 May 925[392].�

m AUDISENDE, daughter of ---.� �_Lupus Asinarius Solensis ac Lupiniacensis vicecomes, dominans in Barrabis et in Benasco cum uxore mea Audisenda vicecomitissa et filiolo nostro Athone_� confirmed the above charter, by charter dated 9 May 925[393].� An indication that she may have married again after her husband died is provided by the charter dated 8 Feb 973 under which �_Atho Ripa-curi� comes�_� confirmed a donation by charter dated 8 Feb 973, naming �_�comite Vaifaredo congermano meo in Ripa-curia et in Pallaria_� in the dating clause[394].� The word �_congermano_� suggests that �_Vaifaredo_� and Ato were brought up together, although it is uncertain whether this also implies a blood relationship.� Ato�s birth is fixed to [924/25], and no references have been found to his father after that date.� It is possible that Ato�s father died soon afterwards and that his mother remarried with the father of �_Vaifaredo_�.�

Lope & his wife had two children:�

ATON ([924/9 May 925]-after 8 Feb 973).� �_Lupus Asinarius Solensis ac Lupiniacensis vicecomes, dominans in Barrabis et in Benasco cum uxore mea Audisenda vicecomitissa et filiolo nostro Athone_� confirmed the above charter, by charter dated 9 May 925, adding that �_filiolus noster_� was baptised by �_fratre meo domno Artaldo monacho S. Remigii Rhemensis_�[395].� Conde de Ribagorza.� �_Atho Ripa-curi� comes�cum uxore mea Maria comitissa et filiis nostris Athone vicecomiti Solensi et Garsia vicecomiti Lupiniacensi, necnon et avunculo meo domno Athone Episcopo Tolesano_� confirmed the above charter, in memory of �_patre meo Lupo Asinario vicecomite_�, by charter dated 8 Feb 973, stating that �_eo anno�rex Sanctius Garseanus_� accepted me as a vassal and �_meus cognatus Eximinus Fortunii comes in Athares_� was killed by the Moors, the dating clause naming �_�comite Vaifaredo congermano meo in Ripa-curia et in Pallaria_�, signed by �_�Garsi� vicecomitis eius fratris_�[396].� m MARIA, daughter of --- (-after 8 Feb 973).� �_Atho Ripa-curi� comes�cum uxore mea Maria comitissa�_� confirmed the above charter, by charter dated 8 Feb 973[397].� Atho & his wife had two children:�

a) ATON (-after 22 Sep 1005).� �_Atho Ripa-curi� comes�cum uxore mea Maria comitissa et filiis nostris Athone vicecomiti Solensi et Garsia vicecomiti Lupiniacensi�_� confirmed the above charter, by charter dated 8 Feb 973[398].�Vicomte de Soule.� �_Atho vicecomes de Sola, cum filiis meis vicecomite Guillelmo et Lupo Athone_�, born from �_mea uxore Ranimunda comitis Tolos� filia_�, confirmed the above charter when dying, with the consent of �_Guillelmus vicecomes cum uxore mea Richensa et eius frater Lupus Athonis cum mea uxore Irmengarda de Narbona et Garseano filio nostro_�, by charter dated 22 Sep 1005 which names �_�comite Guillelmo in Ripa-curtia, comite Raimundo in Palliares_� in the dating clause[399].� m RAYMONDE de Toulouse, daughter of --- Comte de Toulouse & his wife --- (-[before 22 Sep 1005]).� �_Atho vicecomes de Sola, cum filiis meis vicecomite Guillelmo et Lupo Athone_�, born from �_mea uxore Ranimunda comitis Tolos� filia_�, confirmed the above charter by charter dated 22 Sep 1005[400].� The document suggests that Raymonde had died before it was written.� Atho & his wife had two children:�

i) GUILLAUME Aton (-killed in battle 1 Dec 1015).� �_Atho vicecomes de Sola, cum filiis meis vicecomite Guillelmo et Lupo Athone_� confirmed the above charter when dying, with the consent of �_Guillelmus vicecomes cum uxore mea Richensa et eius frater Lupus Athonis cum mea uxore Irmengarda de Narbona et Garseano filio nostro_�, by charter dated 22 Sep 1005[401].� The charter dated 13 Dec 1015 of �_Garseanus Luponensis senior de Tena�_� states that this date was the twelfth day after the death of �_patris mei Lupi Athonis et fratris sui Guillelmi vicecomitis_� who were killed by �_Centulus Gasto Benearnensis vicecomes_�[402].� m RICHENSA, daughter of ---.� �_Atho vicecomes de Sola, cum filiis meis vicecomite Guillelmo et Lupo Athone_� confirmed the above charter when dying, with the consent of �_Guillelmus vicecomes cum uxore mea Richensa et eius frater Lupus Athonis cum mea uxore Irmengarda de Narbona et Garseano filio nostro_�, by charter dated 22 Sep 1005[403].� Guilelmo & his wife had one child:�

(a) RAYMOND Guillaume (-after 13 Feb 1040).� �_Garseanus Luponensis senior de Tena cum uxore mea Eneca Lupi�_� confirmed the above charter, for �_consobrino meo Regimundo Guillelmo Solensi vicecomite qui sub mea cura est_�, by charter dated 13 Dec 1015[404].�Vicomte de Soule.� �_Regimundus Villelmus vicecomes de Sola cum uxore mea Viseforte vicecomitissa_� confirmed the above charter, for �_filiolis meis Garsea Asinario et Fortunio Asinario_�, by charter dated 13 Feb 1040[405].� m VISEFORTE, daughter of --- (-after 13 Feb 1040).� �_Regimundus Villelmus vicecomes de Sola cum uxore mea Viseforte vicecomitissa_� confirmed the above charter, for �_filiolis meis Garsea Asinario et Fortunio Asinario_�, by charter dated 13 Feb 1040[406].�

ii) LOUP Aton (-killed in battle 1 Dec 1015).� �_Atho vicecomes de Sola, cum filiis meis vicecomite Guillelmo et Lupo Athone_� confirmed the above charter when dying, with the consent of �_Guillelmus vicecomes cum uxore mea Richensa et eius frater Lupus Athonis cum mea uxore Irmengarda de Narbona et Garseano filio nostro_�, by charter dated 22 Sep 1005[407].�

-�� see below.�

b) GARCIA .� �_Atho Ripa-curi� comes�cum uxore mea Maria comitissa et filiis nostris Athone vicecomiti Solensi et Garsia vicecomiti Lupiniacensi�_� confirmed the above charter, by charter dated 8 Feb 973[408].� Vicomte de Louvigny.�

GARCIA (-after 8 Feb 973).� �_Atho Ripa-curi� comes�_� confirmed the above charter, by charter dated 8 Feb 973, signed by �_�Garsi� vicecomitis eius fratris_�[409].�

LOUP Aton, son of ATON Aton & his wife Raymonde de Toulouse (-killed in battle 1 Dec 1015).� �_Atho vicecomes de Sola, cum filiis meis vicecomite Guillelmo et Lupo Athone_� confirmed the above charter when dying, with the consent of �_Guillelmus vicecomes cum uxore mea Richensa et eius frater Lupus Athonis cum mea uxore Irmengarda de Narbona et Garseano filio nostro_�, by charter dated 22 Sep 1005[410].� The charter dated 13 Dec 1015 of �_Garseanus Luponensis senior de Tena�_� states that this date was the twelfth day after the death of �_patris mei Lupi Athonis et fratris sui Guillelmi vicecomitis_� who were killed by �_Centulus Gasto Benearnensis vicecomes_�[411].�

m ERMENGARDE de Narbonne, daughter of ---.� �_Atho vicecomes de Sola, cum filiis meis vicecomite Guillelmo et Lupo Athone_� confirmed the above charter when dying, with the consent of �_Guillelmus vicecomes cum uxore mea Richensa et eius frater Lupus Athonis cum mea uxore Irmengarda de Narbona et Garseano filio nostro_�, by charter dated 22 Sep 1005[412].�

Lope & his wife had one child:�

GARCIA Loup .� �_Atho vicecomes de Sola, cum filiis meis vicecomite Guillelmo et Lupo Athone_� confirmed the above charter when dying, with the consent of �_Guillelmus vicecomes cum uxore mea Richensa et eius frater Lupus Athonis cum mea uxore Irmengarda de Narbona et Garseano filio nostro_�, by charter dated 22 Sep 1005[413].�Se�or de Tena.� �_Garseanus Luponensis senior de Tena cum uxore mea Eneca Lupi et cum filiis nostris Athone Garseano et Lupo Garseano et Guillelmo Garseano_� confirmed the above charter, for �_consobrino meo Regimundo Guillelmo Solensi vicecomite qui sub mea cura est_�, by charter dated 13 Dec 1015, stating that this date was the twelfth day after the death of �_patris mei Lupi Athonis et fratris sui Guillelmi vicecomitis_� who were killed by �_Centulus Gasto Benearnensis vicecomes_�[414].� m ��IGA L�pez, daughter of LOPE --- & his wife --- (-after 13 Dec 1015).� �_Garseanus Luponensis senior de Tena cum uxore mea Eneca Lupi et cum filiis nostris Athone Garseano et Lupo Garseano et Guillelmo Garseano_� confirmed the above charter, by charter dated 13 Dec 1015[415].� Garc�a & his wife had three children:�

a) ATON Garc�a (-before 1039).� �_Garseanus Luponensis senior de Tena cum uxore mea Eneca Lupi et cum filiis nostris Athone Garseano et Lupo Garseano et Guillelmo Garseano_� confirmed the above charter, by charter dated 13 Dec 1015[416].�Se�or de Tena y de Jaca.� �_Atho Garseanus Senior de Tena et de Jacca cum uxore mea Velasqueta, qu� in Bigorra dicebatur Ricarda, et filiis nostris Asinario, Arnaldo, Ludovico, Vandregisilo, et filia nostra Ricarda, et fratre meo senniore Lupone Garsea_� confirmed the above charter, by charter dated 25 Dec 1034[417].� m RICHARDA[Velasquita] [de Bigorre], daughter of --- (-after 1039).� �_Atho Garseanus Senior de Tena et de Jacca cum uxore mea Velasqueta, qu� in Bigorra dicebatur Ricarda, et filiis nostris Asinario, Arnaldo, Ludovico, Vandregisilo, et filia nostra Ricarda, et fratre meo senniore Lupone Garsea_� confirmed the above charter, by charter dated 25 Dec 1034[418].� Ato & his wife had five children:�

i) AZNAR At�nez (-after 1039).� �_Atho Garseanus Senior de Tena et de Jacca cum uxore mea Velasqueta, qu� in Bigorra dicebatur Ricarda, et filiis nostris Asinario, Arnaldo, Ludovico, Vandregisilo, et filia nostra Ricarda, et fratre meo senniore Lupone Garsea_� confirmed the above charter, by charter dated 25 Dec 1034[419].�Se�or de Tena.� �_Asinarius Athonis senior de Tena cum matre mea domna Velasqueta et uxore mea domna Galinda_� confirmed the above charter, for �_filiolis meis Garsea Asinario et Fortunio Asinario_�, by charter dated 1039, which states that this was when �_domnus Pipinus Convennarum comes, pater uxoris me� doman Galind�_� entered the monastery �_Stephanus vocatus_� and blessed �_filio suo Bernardo comiti_�[420].�m GALINDA, daughter of PEPIN Comte de Comminges & his wife ---.� "Asinarius Athonis senior de Tena cum matre mea domna Velasqueta et uxore mea domna Galinda" confirmed earlier donations, for the souls of "filiolis meis Garsea, Asinario et Fortunio Asinario", in accordance with the wishes of "patre meo senniore Athone Garsaneo", by charter dated 26 Dec 1039 which names "domnus Pipinus Convenarum comes, pater uxoris me� don� Galind�et filio suo Bernardo"[421].� No trace of these individuals has been found in the family of the comtes de Comminges (see TOULOUSE NOBILITY).� Aznar & his wife had four children:�

(a) GARC�A Azn�rez (-after 1090).� "Asinarius Athonis senior de Tena cum matre mea domna Velasqueta et uxore mea domna Galinda" confirmed earlier donations, for the souls of "filiolis meis Garsea, Asinario et Fortunio Asinario", by charter dated 26 Dec 1039[422].� Marca relates the expedition into Aragon of Centule [V] Vicomte de B�arn and his murder "dans la vall�e de Tena", quoting an undated charter under which "Sancius�Rex" records that "comite domino Centullo meum vassallum" came into Tena but was murdered (dated to 1090) by "Garcia filius Aznar Athonis" who fled into Muslim lands[423].�

(b) AZNAR Azn�rez .� "Asinarius Athonis senior de Tena cum matre mea domna Velasqueta et uxore mea domna Galinda" confirmed earlier donations, for the souls of "filiolis meis Garsea, Asinario et Fortunio Asinario", by charter dated 26 Dec 1039[424].�

(c) FORT�N Azn�rez .� "Asinarius Athonis senior de Tena cum matre mea domna Velasqueta et uxore mea domna Galinda" confirmed earlier donations, for the souls of "filiolis meis Garsea, Asinario et Fortunio Asinario", by charter dated 26 Dec 1039[425].�

(d) GALINDO Azn�rez (-after 1090).� Marca quotes an undated charter under which "Sancius�Rex" records that "comite domino Centullo meum vassallum" [Centule [V] Vicomte de B�arn] came into Tena but was murdered (dated to 1090) by "Garcia filius Aznar Athonis" who fled into Muslim lands, and that "domnus Galindo filius Aznar Athonis" claimed his innocence in the matter before the king[426].�

ii) ARNALDO At�nez .� �_Atho Garseanus Senior de Tena et de Jacca cum uxore mea Velasqueta, qu� in Bigorra dicebatur Ricarda, et filiis nostris Asinario, Arnaldo, Ludovico, Vandregisilo, et filia nostra Ricarda, et fratre meo senniore Lupone Garsea_� confirmed the above charter, by charter dated 25 Dec 1034[427].�

iii) LUIS At�nez .� �_Atho Garseanus Senior de Tena et de Jacca cum uxore mea Velasqueta, qu� in Bigorra dicebatur Ricarda, et filiis nostris Asinario, Arnaldo, Ludovico, Vandregisilo, et filia nostra Ricarda, et fratre meo senniore Lupone Garsea_� confirmed the above charter, by charter dated 25 Dec 1034[428].�

iv) VANDREGISILO At�nez .� �_Atho Garseanus Senior de Tena et de Jacca cum uxore mea Velasqueta, qu� in Bigorra dicebatur Ricarda, et filiis nostris Asinario, Arnaldo, Ludovico, Vandregisilo, et filia nostra Ricarda, et fratre meo senniore Lupone Garsea_� confirmed the above charter, by charter dated 25 Dec 1034[429].�

v) RICARDA At�nez .� �_Atho Garseanus Senior de Tena et de Jacca cum uxore mea Velasqueta, qu� in Bigorra dicebatur Ricarda, et filiis nostris Asinario, Arnaldo, Ludovico, Vandregisilo, et filia nostra Ricarda, et fratre meo senniore Lupone Garsea_� confirmed the above charter, by charter dated 25 Dec 1034[430].�

b) LUPO Garc�a .� �_Garseanus Luponensis senior de Tena cum uxore mea Eneca Lupi et cum filiis nostris Athone Garseano et Lupo Garseano et Guillelmo Garseano_� confirmed the above charter, by charter dated 13 Dec 1015[431].� �_Atho Garseanus Senior de Tena et de Jacca cum uxore mea Velasqueta, qu� in Bigorra dicebatur Ricarda, et filiis nostris Asinario, Arnaldo, Ludovico, Vandregisilo, et filia nostra Ricarda, et fratre meo senniore Lupone Garsea_� confirmed the above charter, by charter dated 25 Dec 1034, subscribed by �_Lupus Garseanus iure uxoris me� vicecomes Aortensis_�[432].�Vicomte d�Orthe.� ��

c) GUILELMO Garc�a .� �_Garseanus Luponensis senior de Tena cum uxore mea Eneca Lupi et cum filiis nostris Athone Garseano et Lupo Garseano et Guillelmo Garseano_� confirmed the above charter, by charter dated 13 Dec 1015[433].�

**B.**�� RECONSTRUCTION BASED ON OTHER PRIMARY SOURCES

GUILLAUME Fort, son of FORT Aner Vicomte de Lavedan & his wife Musola --- (-[1040]).� "Forto vicecomes Levitanensis et filii eius Garcias et Guilhermus" are named in a charter of Saint-P� de G�n�res dated to [1022][434]. �Vicomte de Soule.� "Guillem Fort et Ramon Garsia nepos eius, in vicecomitatu" renewed the privileges of the monastery of Saint-Savin de Lavedan by charter dated to [1023][435]. �"Guilhermus vicecomes et Raimundus Garsias et Guilhermus frater suus" proclaimed the protection of the monastery of Saint-Orens de Lavedan by charter dated to [1023][436]. �

m ---.� The name of Guillaume�s wife is not known.�

Guillaume & his wife had two children:�

RAYMOND Guillaume "Salamace" (-after [1078]).� Vicomte de Soule.� A manuscript, which records a jurisdictional dispute between the bishoprics of Dax and Oloron, recounts that the people of B�arn accused "Salamace vicecomiti Seulensi" of killing "vicecomitem Bearnensem�Centullum Gastonem, patrem Centulli, patris Gastoni", dated to [1058], that Etienne de Lavedan Bishop of Oloron required that Soule change its episcopal allegiance from Dax to Oloron as a condition of granting "Salamace" passage to Lavedan, a proposal which was opposed by "Bergonium Lupum de Jaunte [Jarrite]", the dispute being settled with an agreement that "Salamace�filium suum�Arnaldum Raimundum" succeed as bishop of Oloron and "Bergonio Lupo�filium suum�Heraclium" as archdeacon of Soule[437]. �A charter dated to [1078] records that "Raimunudus Wilhelmi vicecomes Soulensis et filii sui" swore allegiance to "Centullus Bigorrensis qui est vicecomes Bearnensis et Olorensis"[438]. �m ---.� The name of Raymond�s wife is not known.� Raymond & his wife had two children:�

a) GUILLAUME Raymond (-1120 or after).� Vicomte de Soule.� m ---.� The name of Guillaume�s wife is not known.� Guillaume & his wife had one child:�

i) GASSION (-after 1129).� Vicomte de Soule.� m ---.� The name of Gassion�s wife is not known.� Gassion & his wife had three children:�

(a) ARNAUD .� Vicomte de Soule.� m---.� The name of Arnaud�s wife is not known.� Arnaud & his wife had two children:�

(1) NAVARA .� Vicomtesse de Soule.�"Navarra vicecomitissa de Seule et maritus eius Augerius de Miremon" donated property to [his brother] Fortaner de Miramont Bishop of Bayonne by charter dated to [1150/70][439].� m ([1136]) as his second wife, AUGER [IV] Vicomte de Miramont, son of AUGER [III] de Miramont Vicomte de Turson & his wife Comtesse --- (-after 1136).�

(2) ---de Maul�on .� m ([1138]) SANCHO [II] Ramiro Seigneur de Cize, son of ---.�

(b) GUILLAUME .� Vicomte de Soule.�

-�� VICOMTES de SOULE, de MAULEON[440].�

-�� SEIGNEURS de MAULEON, en BAROUSSE[441].�

b) ARNAUD Raymond .� A manuscript records the settlement of a jurisdictional dispute between the bishoprics of Dax and Oloron, including an agreement that "Salamace�filium suum�Arnaldum Raimundum" succeed as bishop of Oloron[442]. �

ARNAUD (-[1059]).� Abb� de Saint-Savin de Lavedan 1036.�
RAYMOND GUILLAUME (-after Mar 1196).� Vicomte de Soule.� "R. W. vicecomite de Sobola�Gastone vicecomite filio Maria dominante in Bearno" subscribed the charter dated 28 May 1178 under which "Sancius de Larraun cum matre mea Anderequina" donated property to Lascar[443].�The dating clause of a charter dated Mar 1196, under which "Arnaldus Raymundi vicecomes de Tartais" swore hommage to Sancho VII King of Navarre, records the year as when Gaston Vicomte de B�arn lodged a complaint at the court of Navarre against "Raymundum Guillelmi vicecomitem de Sola"[444].�
RAYMOND GUILLAUME (-after [Feb 1252]).� Vicomte de Soule.� King Henry III summoned vassals to meet "apud Pontem", including "Vicecomes de Syule", dated 25 May 1242[445].� "Raimundus W. vicecomes de Seule" wrote to Henry III King of England, dated to [Feb 1252], complaining of the treatment received from "dominus Simon Montis Fortis, comes Leicestri�" who had captured "dominum W. de Agramont"[446].�
AUGER [II] de Maul�on (-after 1312).� Vicomte de Soule.�He ceded his vicomt� to Edward Duke of Aquitaine 3 Nov 1261 in exchange for the "seigneuries de Laharie, Saubusse, Saas et Angoum� et toute la terre de Marensin"[447]. �He ceded the castle of Maul�on and its vicomt� to Philippe IV King of France 17 Jun 1307 and retired to Navarre where he was granted "la ch�teau et les rentes de Rada, les villages de Melida, Berbinzana, Arba�z, Cahues, Azterain et Sabaiza, le bois de Vidaure et 6,000 livres en argent" and was appointed alferez in 1312[448]. �m ---.� Auger [II] & his wife had three children:�

a) CORBEIRAN de Maul�on .�

b) JEAN de Maul�on .� Founder of the branch of the seigneurs de Rada, extinct in the male line in [1570/81][449]. �

c) MIRAMONDE de Maul�on(-after 1348).� Arnaud Garsie de Goth married �_le septi�me de l�issue du mois de may 1309_� [as his second wife] �_Miramonde de Maul�on dame de Marensin au dioc�se de Bourdeaux, de la Ferine et de Saubeuse, fille d�Auger de Mauleon damoiseau et s�ur de Corbayrand de Maul�on_�[450].� Heiress of the baronies, towns, castles, lands of "Marensin, Saubusse, Saas, Angoum�, Laharie, Castelsarrazin et Berbinzana"[451]. �"Arnaud Gaxie visconte de Lomaigne et de Aulvillar" donated property to "Miramonde de Mouleon dame de Marempne et de la Haye" if he predeceased her, by charter dated May 1309[452].� The testament of Arnaud Garsie de Goth, dated 6 Jan 1311 (presumably O.S.), bequeathed property to �_Miramonde sa femme...au posthume de Miramonde sa seconde femme_�[453].� P�re Anselme notes that Miramonde was still living in 1348, without citing any source on which he bases this information[454].�m (25 May 1309) ARNAUD Garcia de Goth Vicomte de Lomagne et d�Auvillars, son of BERAUD de Goth & his wife Ide de Blanquefort (-Jan 1311, bur Auvillars Dominican Church).�

[1]Saint-Vincent-de-Lucq Appendice, p. 28.�

[2]Jaurgain (1902), Introduction, III, viii.�

[3]Jaurgain (1902), Introduction, III, viii.�

[4]Jaurgain (1902), Introduction, III, viii-ix.�

[5]Jaurgain (1902), Introduction, III, viii.�

[6]Jaurgain (1902), Introduction, III, ix.�

[7]Jaurgain (1902), Introduction, III, ix.�

[8]Monlezun (1846), Tome I, p.351.�

[9]Jaurgain (1898), p. 163, quoting Bibl. Nat. mss., Collection Duchesne(Papiers d�O�henart), vol. 114, fo. 96, extrait du cartulaire de Castelloboo (Livre verd de Benac), and Larcher Glanage, Tome I, p. 274.�

[10]Saint-Vincent-de-Lucq Appendice, p. 28.�

[11]Saint-Vincent-de-Lucq IV, p. 9.�

[12]Saint-Vincent-de-Lucq IV, p. 9.�

[13]Saint-Vincent-de-Lucq IV, p. 9.�

[14]Saint-Vincent-de-Lucq Appendice, p. 28.�

[15]Bayonne Livre d�Or, I, p. 1.�

[16]Jaurgain (1898), p. 396, and Buisson (1876), Tome I, pp. 151-9.

[17]Jaurgain (1898), p. 396, and Buisson (1876), Tome I, pp. 151-9.

[18] Bordeaux Saint-Seurin, XL, p. 38.�

[19] Llorente (1807), Vol. III, 7, p. 49.

[20]Jaurgain (1898), p. 443, quoting Gallia Christiana, Tome I, Instrum. pp. 194-5.�

[21]Jaurgain (1898), p. 401, and Buisson (1876), Tome II, p. 144.�

[22]Bordeaux Saint-Seurin, IX, p. 10.�

[23]Jaurgain (1898), p. 169.�

[24]Jaurgain (1902), p. 538, quoting Marca (B�arn), p. 275.�

[25]Jaurgain (1902), p. 538.�

[26]Jaurgain (1902), p. 538, quoting Marca (B�arn), p. 382.�

[27]Jaurgain (1902), p. 538, quoting Cartulaire de Saint-P�, Annuaire du Petit S�minaire de Saint-P�, XIII, 1887, p. 288.�

[28]Jaurgain (1902), p. 538, quoting Cartulaire de Saint-P�, Annuaire du Petit S�minaire de Saint-P�, XIII, 1887, p. 276.�

[29]Jaurgain (1902), p. 539.�

[30]Jaurgain (1902), p. 539, quoting Cartulaire de Saint-P�, Annuaire du Petit S�minaire de Saint-P�, 1887, p. 270.�

[31]Jaurgain (1902), pp. 111-12, quoting Cartulaire de Saint-P�, Annuaire du Petit S�minaire de Saint-P�, 1887, p. 286.�

[32]Jaurgain (1898), p. 528, and Buisson (1876), Tome II, p. 189.�

[33]Jaurgain (1902), pp. 111-12, quoting Cartulaire de Saint-P�, Annuaire du Petit S�minaire de Saint-P�, 1887, p. 286.�

[34]Jaurgain (1902), p. 110, quoting Cartulaire de Saint-P�, Annuaire du Petit S�minaire de Saint-P�, 1887, p. 286.�

[35]Jaurgain (1902), pp. 111-12, quoting Cartulaire de Saint-P�, Annuaire du Petit S�minaire de Saint-P�, 1887, p. 286.�

[36]RHGF, Tome XIV, p. 184.�

[37]Saint-Mont 1, p. 6.�

[38] ES III 570.�

[39]Saint-Mont 5, p. 11.�

[40]Saint-Mont 1, p. 6.�

[41]Saint-Mont 78, p. 108.�

[42]Jaurgain (1902), p. 540, citing Marca (B�arn), p. 356.�

[43]Saint-Mont 1, p. 6.�

[44]Veterum Scriptorum I, col. 504.�

[45] Lacarra 'Repoblaci�n del Valle del Ebro' (1946) 1, p. 471.�

[46] Lacarra, J. M. (1967) Honores y tenencias en Arag�n (Buenos Aires) pp. 188-90.� [MGM]

[47]Marca (B�arn), pp. 325 and 327.�

[48]Jaurgain (1902), p. 541, quoting Marca (B�arn), p. 298.�

[49] Sainte-Foi de Morla�s, I, p. 309.�

[50] Sainte-Foi de Morla�s, III, p. 313.�

[51]Gu�rard, M. (1857) Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Saint-Victor de Marseille (Paris) Tome I, 483, p. 486.�

[52]Veterum Scriptorum, Tome I, col. 539, and Marseille Saint-Victor II, Chartularium Minus, 818, p. 169.�

[53] Sainte-Foi de Morla�s, I, p. 309.�

[54] Sainte-Foi de Morla�s, II, p. 312.�

[55]William of Tyre, I.XVII, p. 45.�

[56] Albert of Aix (RHC), Liber II, Cap. XXIII, p. 316.�

[57] Albert of Aix (RHC), Liber II, Cap. XLII, p. 332.�

[58] Tudebodus, Thema VIII, I, p. 50.�

[59] Sainte-Foi de Morla�s, III, p. 313.�

[60]R�ole Saint-Pierre LXXXVIII, p. 129.�

[61] Lacarra 'Repoblaci�n del Valle del Ebro' (1946) 1, p. 471.�

[62] Bayonne Livre d�Or, XI, p. 21.�

[63] Sainte-Foi de Morla�s, IV, p. 315.�

[64] Lacarra 'Repoblaci�n del Valle del Ebro' (1946) 43, p. 508.�

[65] Pamplona Cathedral, 160, p. 153.�

[66]Sorde Saint-Jean VI, p. 5.�

[67]Jaurgain (1902), p. 219, quoting Marca (B�arn), p. 434.�

[68]Jaurgain (1902), p. 546, quoting Marca (B�arn), p. 432.�

[69]Sorde Saint-Jean LXXXVI, p. 71.�

[70] Lacarra 'Repoblaci�n del Valle del Ebro' (1952) 339, p. 561.�

[71] Lacarra 'Repoblaci�n del Valle del Ebro' (1952) 354, p. 574.�

[72] Balaguer 'La vizcondesa del Bearn' (1952), p. 113.�

[73] Sainte-Foi de Morla�s, II, p. 312.�

[74] Lacarra 'Repoblaci�n del Valle del Ebro' (1946) 43, p. 508.�

[75]Sainte-Foi de Morla�s, V, p. 316.�

[76] Chronica Adefonsi imperatoris I, 57, p. 188.�

[77] Sainte-Foi de Morla�s, III, p. 313.�

[78] Lacarra 'Repoblaci�n del Valle del Ebro' (1952) 354, p. 574.�

[79]Jaurgain (1902), p. 106, quoting Noulens Documents historiques sur la Maison de Galard, Tome I, pp. 10-13, Bibl. nat. mss., Collection Moreau, vol. 47, fos. 154 et seq.�

[80] Sainte-Foi de Morla�s, VI, p. 319.�

[81] Sainte-Foi de Morla�s, IX, p. 323.�

[82]Jaurgain (1902), p. 119, citing Gallia Christiana, Tome I, col. 1221.�

[83]Jaurgain (1902), p. 119.�

[84]Saint-Mont 76, p. 106.�

[85]Jaurgain (1902), p. 545.�

[86]Veterum Scriptorum, Tome I, col. 539, and Marseille Saint-Victor II, Chartularium Minus, 818, p. 169.�

[87] Lacarra 'Repoblaci�n del Valle del Ebro' (1946) 1, p. 471.�

[88] Sainte-Foi de Morla�s, VI, p. 319.�

[89] Lacarra 'Repoblaci�n del Valle del Ebro' (1952) 354, p. 574.�

[90] Jaurgain (1902), p. 551, quoting Cartulaire de Lescar, Marca (B�arn), p. 465.�

[91]Marca (B�arn), p. 465, quoting "Roderic. Tol. I. 5. c. 29".�

[92]Marca (B�arn), p. 483, quoting "E Tabulario Barcinonensi, in Regesto Ildefonsi Regis, fol. 22".�

[93]Jaurgain (1902), p. 553, quoting Marca (B�arn), p. 470.�

[94] Archivo corona de Arag�n Tomo IV, LV, p. 129.�

[95] Archivo corona de Arag�n Tomo IV, CXI, p. 277.�

[96] Ruiz-Domen�c (2006), 189, p. 487.�

[97] Marca (B�arn), p. 483, quoting "E Tabulario Barcinonensi, in magno libro Feudorum, fol. 27".�

[98]Shideler (1999),� Chapter 4, p. 109 footnote 98.�

[99] Marca (B�arn), p. 483, quoting "E Tabulario Barcinonensi, in Regesto Ildefonsi Regis, fol. 22".�

[100]Jaurgain (1902), p. 553, quoting Marca (B�arn), p. 470.�

[101] Marca (B�arn), p. 487, quoting "E Charta Lascur.".�

[102] Shideler (1999) Chapter 5, p. 133.�

[103] Marca (B�arn), p. 489, quoting "E Charta Lascur.".�

[104] Sainte-Foi de Morla�s, VIII, p. 321.�

[105] Jaurgain (1902), p. 389, quoting Marca (B�arn), p. 495.�

[106] Marca (B�arn), p. 501, quoting "Ex Silu�lat� Chartario".�

[107] Chronique de Guillaume de Puylaurens, Chap. XXVI, p. 129.�

[108] Marca (B�arn), p. 561, quoting "E Chartario Eccles. Tarrac.".�

[109] Courcelles (1829), Tome VI, De Goth ou de Gout, p. 3, citing �Manuscrits de D. Villevieille, qui cite les Arch. du duc d�Epernon�.�

[110] Sainte-Foi de Morla�s, VIII, p. 321.�

[111]The details of the terms imposed for his absolution are set out in Shideler (1999) Chapter 5, p. 140.�

[112]Letters Henry III, Vol. I, LIV, p. 66.�

[113]Marca (B�arn), p. 561, quoting "E Chartario Eccles. Tarrac.".�

[114]Marca (B�arn), p. 482, quoting Surita Annales 1213.�

[115] Gargallo Moya & Iranzo Munio (1985) Temple de Huesca, 136, p. 141.�

[116]Shideler (1999) Chapter 5, p. 128.�

[117]Marca (B�arn), p. 482, quoting �Surita Annales 1213�.�

[118] Gargallo Moya & Iranzo Munio (1985) Temple de Huesca, 136, p. 141.�

[119]Shideler (1999) Chapter 5, p. 141.�

[120]Shideler (1999) Chapter 5, p. 147.�

[121]Marca (B�arn), p. 561, quoting "E Chartario Eccles. Tarrac.".�

[122]Veterum Scriptorum, Tome I, col. 1313.�

[123] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. IX, Biscaya, 13 p. 72.�

[124]Matthew Paris,, Vol. V, 1248, p. 48, where he is called "Guastonem filium comitisse Biarde".�

[125]Matthew Paris, Vol. VI, 1250, pp. 103-4.�

[126]Merlet �Proc�s�, Pi�ces Justificatives, I, p. 314, quoting Cartulaire de Bigorre, ch. 39.�

[127]Bayley (1949), p. 70.�

[128]Merlet �Proc�s�, Pi�ces Justificatives, III, p. 315, quoting Cartulaire de Bigorre, ch. 4.�

[129]Merlet �Proc�s�, Pi�ces Justificatives, VII, p. 317, quoting Cartulaire de Bigorre, ch. 12.�

[130] Marca (B�arn), p. 673, which reports the terms of the document but neither quotes the original nor provides a citation reference.�

[131]Merlet �Proc�s�, Pi�ces Justificatives, I, p. 314, quoting Cartulaire de Bigorre, ch. 39.�

[132]Merlet �Proc�s�, Pi�ces Justificatives, II, p. 314, quoting Cartulaire de Bigorre, ch. 40.�

[133]Merlet �Proc�s�, Pi�ces Justificatives, III, p. 315, quoting Cartulaire de Bigorre, ch. 4.�

[134]Spicilegium, Tome III, p. 673.�

[135]Wurstenberger (1858), Vol. IV, 813, p. 464.�

[136] State Archives, volume 102, page 15, fascicule 1.�

[137] Anales de la Corona de Aragon, Tome I, Lib. III, LX, p. 175.�

[138] RAH, Colecci�n Salazar y Castro, M-13, fo 211 y 211 v (no. 48499).�

[139]Veterum Scriptorum, Tome I, col. 1356.�

[140] Annales Londonienses, p. 80.�

[141] Thomas Wykes, p. 237.�

[142]Rymer (1745), Tome I, Pars II, p. 178.�

[143] Monlezun (1846), Tome VI, p. 366.�

[144]Merlet �Proc�s�, Pi�ces Justificatives, XIV, p. 322, quoting Cartulaire de Bigorre, ch. 36.�

[145]Veterum Scriptorum, Tome I, col. 1313.�

[146]Merlet �Proc�s�, Pi�ces Justificatives, XIV, p. 322, quoting Cartulaire de Bigorre, ch. 36.�

[147]Veterum Scriptorum, Tome I, col. 1407.�

[148]Merlet �Proc�s�, Pi�ces Justificatives, XIV, p. 322, quoting Cartulaire de Bigorre, ch. 36.�

[149] RAH, Colecci�n Salazar y Castro, M-13, fo 211 y 211 v (no. 48499).�

[150]Spicilegium, Tome III, p. 382.�

[151]Spicilegium, Tome III, p. 382 and p. 673.�

[152]Buchon (1827) Chronique de Ramon Muntaner, Tome II, CLXXXIII, p. 84.�

[153]Merlet �Proc�s�, Pi�ces Justificatives, XIV, p. 322, quoting Cartulaire de Bigorre, ch. 36.�

[154]Jaurgain (1902), Introduction, III, xiii.�

[155]RHGF, Tome VIII, pp. 470-4.�

[156] Vita Hludowici Imperatoris 41, MGH SS II, p. 630.�

[157] Vita Hludowici Imperatoris 59, MGH SS II, p. 644.�

[158]Jaurgain (1898), p. 163, quoting Bibl. Nat. mss., Collection Duchesne(Papiers d�O�henart), vol. 114, fo. 96, extrait du cartulaire de Castelloboo (Livre verd de Benac), and Larcher Glanage, Tome I, p. 274.�

[159]Monlezun (1846), Tome I, p.350, citing "Titres de Lav�dan".�

[160]Jaurgain (1898), p. 163, quoting Bibl. Nat. mss., Collection Duchesne(Papiers d�O�henart), vol. 114, fo. 96, extrait du cartulaire de Castelloboo (Livre verd de Benac), and Larcher Glanage, Tome I, p. 274.�

[161] Monlezun (1846), Tome I, p.350.�

[162] Monlezun (1846), Tome I, p.350.�

[163] Monlezun (1846), Tome I, p.350, citing "Manuscrit. Essai historique sur le Bigorre".�

[164] Monlezun (1846), Tome I, p.350, citing "Manuscrit. Essai historique sur le Bigorre".�

[165]Jaurgain (1902), p. 428.�

[166]Jaurgain (1898), p. 163, quoting Bibl. Nat. mss., Collection Duchesne(Papiers d�O�henart), vol. 114, fo. 96, extrait du cartulaire de Castelloboo (Livre verd de Benac), and Larcher Glanage, Tome I, p. 274.�

[167] Jaurgain (1902), p. 360.�

[168] Lacarra 'Textos navarros del C�dice de Roda' (1945) 13, p. 236.�

[169] Lacarra 'Textos navarros del C�dice de Roda' (1945) 13, p. 236.�

[170] Lavedan Saint-Savin, 5, p. 13.�

[171] Lacarra 'Textos navarros del C�dice de Roda' (1945) 30, p. 249.�

[172]Jaurgain (1902), pp. 156-7, quoting Cartulaire noir de Saint-Marie d'Auch, fo. 68.�

[173]Jaurgain (1902), p. 157.�

[174] Jaurgain (1902), p. 391, quoting Brugeles (1736), Preuves de la seconde partie, p. 9, and Gallia Christiana, Tome I, Instrum., p. 166.� It is also quoted in part in Settipani (2004), p. 144 footnote 3, quoting Cartulaire de Sainte-Marie de Simorre (no citation reference given).�

[175]Jaurgain (1902), p. 157.�

[176]Lavedan Saint-Savin 2, p. 2.�

[177]Jaurgain (1898), p. 87, citing Bibl. nat., mss. Collection Duchesne(Papiers d�O�henart), vol. 114, fo. 97 vo, and Larcher Glanage, Tome I, p. 378, and Jaurgain (1902), p. 430.�

[178]Jaurgain (1902), p. 429.�

[179]Lavedan Saint-Savin 2, p. 2.�

[180]Lavedan Saint-Savin 2, p. 2.�

[181]Jaurgain (1898), p. 443, quoting Gallia Christiana, Tome I, Instrum. pp. 194-5.�

[182]Jaurgain (1902), p. 369, quoting Lacave Laplagne Barris, C. Cartulaires de Sainte-Marie d�Auch, pp. 23 and 46.�

[183]Cros-Mayrevieille (1846), Tome I, Documents, XXXVIII, p. 48.�

[184] Esquerrier, p. 13.�

[185]Jaurgain (1902), p. 369, quoting Lacave Laplagne Barris, C. Cartulaires de Sainte-Marie d�Auch, pp. 23 and 46.�

[186]Jaurgain (1902), p. 372, quoting Marca (B�arn), p. 810.�

[187]Marseille Saint-Victor, Tome I, 483, p. 486.�

[188] Szabolcs de Vajay 'Etiennette dite Douce', (1962), p. 192.�

[189] Szabolcs de Vajay 'Etiennette dite Douce� �(1962), pp. 180-213.�

[190] Szabolcs de Vajay 'Berthe, reine d'Aragon et de Navarre' (1978), Vol. 2, p. 396.�

[191] Ager Sant Pere, Vol. I, 42, p. 261.�

[192]Marseille Saint-Victor I, 483, p. 486.�

[193]Marseille Saint-Victor I, 484, p. 487.�

[194]Marseille Saint-Victor II, Chartularium Minus, 818, p. 169.�

[195]Veterum Scriptorum, Tome I, col. 539, and Marseille Saint-Victor II, Chartularium Minus, 818, p. 169.�

[196]Veterum Scriptorum, Tome I, col. 539, and Marseille Saint-Victor II, Chartularium Minus, 818, p. 169.�

[197]Jaurgain (1902), p. 379, quoting Marca (B�arn), p. 814.�

[198] Genealogia Comitum Guasconi�, RHGF, Tome XII, p. 386.�

[199]Jaurgain (1902), p. 152, quoting Cartulaire noir de Sainte-Marie d�Auch, fo. 120 vo.-122 vo.�

[200] Jaurgain (1902), p. 152.�

[201] Genealogia Comitum Guasconi�, RHGF, Tome XII, p. 386.�

[202] Lacarra 'Repoblaci�n del Valle del Ebro' (1946) 1, p. 471.�

[203] Lacarra 'Repoblaci�n del Valle del Ebro' (1946) 26, p. 495.�

[204]Jaurgain (1902), pp. 384-5, quoting Gallia Christiana, Tome I, Instr., p. 192.�

[205] Jaurgain (1902), p. 380.�

[206] Bofarull y Mascar� (1836), Tomo II, pp. 165-9.�

[207]Jaurgain (1902), pp. 384-5, quoting Gallia Christiana, Tome I, Instr., p. 192.�

[208] Lacarra 'Repoblaci�n del Valle del Ebro' (1952) 366, p. 585.�

[209] De Origine et Incremento vill� Montis-Marsani seu Marciani in capite Wasconi�, RHGF, Tome XII, p. 386.�

[210] Lacarra 'Repoblaci�n del Valle del Ebro' (1952) 366, p. 585.�

[211] Jaurgain (1902), p. 387, quoting Marca (B�arn), p. 821.�

[212]Roger of Hoveden, Vol. II, p. 117.�

[213] Alvira Cabrer (1210), Tomo II, 745, p. 826.�

[214] Histoire G�n�rale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, XXXI, p. 551.�

[215] La Grande Charte de Saint-Gaudens, p. 14, 1202. Quoted in Higounet (1949), I, p. 71, n. 7.� [J.-C. Chuat]

[216]Roger of Hoveden, Vol. II, p. 117.�

[217] Jaurgain (1902), p. 389, quoting Marca (B�arn), p. 495.�

[218]Marca (B�arn), p. 501, quoting "Ex Silu�lat� Chartario".�

[219] Chronique de Guillaume de Puylaurens, Chap. XXVI, p. 129.�

[220]Merlet �Proc�s�, p. 307.�

[221]Merlet �Proc�s�, Pi�ces Justificatives, I, p. 314, quoting Cartulaire de Bigorre, ch. 39.�

[222]Merlet �Proc�s�, Pi�ces Justificatives, II, p. 314, quoting Cartulaire de Bigorre, ch. 40.�

[223] Alfonse de Poitou Correspondance Tome II_,_ 2087, p. 597.�

[224]Merlet �Proc�s�, p. 307.�

[225]Merlet �Proc�s�, Pi�ces Justificatives, X, p. 318, quoting Cartulaire de Bigorre, ch. 21, 24.�

[226]Merlet �Proc�s�, p. 308.�

[227]Merlet �Proc�s�, Pi�ces Justificatives, II, p. 314, quoting Cartulaire de Bigorre, ch. 40.�

[228]Merlet �Proc�s�, Pi�ces Justificatives, III, p. 315, quoting Cartulaire de Bigorre, ch. 4.�

[229]Merlet �Proc�s�, Pi�ces Justificatives, IV, p. 315, quoting Cartulaire de Bigorre, ch. 13.�

[230]Merlet �Proc�s�, Pi�ces Justificatives, VII, p. 317, quoting Cartulaire de Bigorre, ch. 12.�

[231]Merlet �Proc�s�, Pi�ces Justificatives, X, p. 318, quoting Cartulaire de Bigorre, ch. 21, 24.�

[232] Justel (1645), Preuves, p. 67.�

[233] Chroniques de Saint-Martial de Limoges, Anonymum S Martialis Chronicon, p. 178.�

[234] Monlezun (1846), Tome VI, p. 366.�

[235]Merlet �Proc�s�, Pi�ces Justificatives, II, p. 314, quoting Cartulaire de Bigorre, ch. 40.�

[236]Merlet �Proc�s�, Pi�ces Justificatives, VII, p. 317, quoting Cartulaire de Bigorre, ch. 12.�

[237] Monlezun (1846), Tome VI, p. 366.�

[238] Anonymum S Martialis Chronicon, Chroniques de Saint-Martial de Limoges, p. 178.�

[239]Merlet �Proc�s�, pp. 309-10.�

[240] Anonymum S Martialis Chronicon, Chroniques de Saint-Martial de Limoges, p. 180.�

[241] Anonymum S Martialis Chronicon, Chroniques de Saint-Martial de Limoges, p. 180.�

[242]Merlet �Proc�s�, Pi�ces Justificatives, XII, p. 321, quoting Cartulaire de Bigorre, ch. 34.�

[243]Merlet �Proc�s�, Pi�ces Justificatives, XIII, p. 321, quoting Cartulaire de Bigorre, ch. 35.�

[244]Merlet �Proc�s�, Pi�ces Justificatives, XIV, p. 322, quoting Cartulaire de Bigorre, ch. 36.�

[245] Rochechouart, G�n�ral Comte L. V. L. de (1859) Histoire de la maison de Rochechouart(reprint 2008, Lacour), Vol. II, p. 291.�

[246]Merlet �Proc�s�, Pi�ces Justificatives, XIV, p. 322, quoting Cartulaire de Bigorre, ch. 36.�

[247]Merlet �Proc�s�, Pi�ces Justificatives, I, p. 314, quoting Cartulaire de Bigorre, ch. 39.�

[248]Merlet �Proc�s�, Pi�ces Justificatives, II, p. 314, quoting Cartulaire de Bigorre, ch. 40.�

[249]Merlet �Proc�s�, Pi�ces Justificatives, III, p. 315, quoting Cartulaire de Bigorre, ch. 4.�

[250] , Tome III, p. 673.�

[251]Jaurgain (1902), Introduction, III, p. xvii.�

[252] Jaurgain (1902), p. 401.�

[253] Jaurgain (1902), p. 393, quoting Brugeles (1736), Preuves de la seconde partie, p. 10.�

[254] Jaurgain (1902), p. 393, quoting Brugeles (1736), Preuves de la seconde partie, p. 10.�

[255]Jaurgain (1902), p. 395, quoting Cartulaire de Simorre, O�henart, fo. 256 vo.�

[256]Jaurgain (1902), p. 403, quoting Cartulaire de Bigorre, Pau xv si�cle fo. 12.�

[257]Jaurgain (1902), p. 403, quoting O�henart Notitia, p. 525.�

[258] Jaurgain (1902), p. 393, quoting Brugeles (1736), Preuves de la seconde partie, p. 10.�

[259] Jaurgain (1902), p. 403, quoting Cartulaire de Bigorre, Pau xv si�cle fo. 12.�

[260] Jaurgain (1902), p. 393, quoting Brugeles (1736), Preuves de la seconde partie, p. 10.�

[261]Jaurgain (1902), p. 403, quoting O�henart Notitia, p. 525.�

[262] Jaurgain (1902), p. 408, quoting Cartulaire de Bonnefont, O�henart, Vol. ms. de Mgr. Carsalade du Pont, fo. 203 vo.�

[263] Jaurgain (1902), p. 408, quoting Cartulaire de Bonnefont, O�henart, Vol. ms. de Mgr. Carsalade du Pont, fo. 203 vo.�

[264] Jaurgain (1902), p. 408, quoting Cartulaire de Bonnefont, O�henart, Vol. ms. de Mgr. Carsalade du Pont, fo. 203 vo.�

[265]Jaurgain (1902), p. 403, quoting Brugeles (1736), Preuves de la seconde partie, p. 15.�

[266]Jaurgain (1902), p. 404, quoting Brugeles (1736), Preuves de la seconde partie, p. 561, N�crologe de Saint-Orens d�Auch.�

[267]Jaurgain (1902), p. 404, quoting Brugeles (1736), Preuves de la seconde partie, p. 561, N�crologe de Saint-Orens d�Auch.�

[268]Jaurgain (1902), pp. 404-7.�

[269]Jaurgain (1902), p. 403, quoting Brugeles (1736), Preuves de la seconde partie, p. 15.�

[270]Jaurgain (1902), p. 408, quoting Cartulaire de Bonnefont, O�henart, Vol. ms. de Mgr. Carsalade du Pont, fo. 203 vo.�

[271]Jaurgain (1902), p. 408, quoting Cartulaire de Bonnefont, O�henart, Vol. ms. de Mgr. Carsalade du Pont, fo. 203 vo.�

[272]Jaurgain (1902), p. 408, quoting Cartulaire de Bigorre, Pau xv si�cle fo. 13 vo.�

[273]Gimont, CXXXVIII, p. 452.�

[274] Histoire G�n�rale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, XXXI, p. 551.�

[275] Histoire G�n�rale de Languedoc �2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, XXXI, p. 551.�

[276] Alvira Cabrer (1210), Tomo III, 1215, p. 1282.�

[277]Jaurgain (1902), p. 408, quoting Cartulaire de Bigorre, Pau xv si�cle fo. 13 vo.�

[278] Spicilegium Tome III, p. 577.�

[279] Chronique de Guillaume de Puylaurens, Chap. XI, p. 45.�

[280] Jaurgain (1902), p. 410, quoting Cartulaire de Bonnefont, O�henart, Vol. ms. de Mgr. Carsalade du Pont, fo. 268 vo.�

[281] Jaurgain (1902), p. 411.�

[282]Quoted by Barrois (2004), Appendice, pi�ce IV, citing Biblioth�que nationale, collection Doat 184 fol. 296-337.��

[283]P�re Anselme, Tome VI, p. 222.�

[284]Dom Villevieille (Passier), Tome I, p. 200.�

[285]Quoted by Barrois (2004), Appendice, pi�ce IV, citing Biblioth�que nationale, collection Doat 184 fol. 296-337.��

[286]Quoted by Barrois (2004), Appendice, pi�ce IV, citing Biblioth�que nationale, collection Doat 184 fol. 296-337.��

[287]Jaurgain (1902), Introduction, III, pp. xiii-xiv.�

[288]Jaurgain (1902), Introduction, III, p. xiv.�

[289]Jaurgain (1902), p. 428.�

[290]Lavedan Saint-Savin II, p. 2.�

[291]Jaurgain (1898), p. 86, citing archives de M. le chanoine de Carsalde du Pont, � Auch, volume manuscript d�O�henart, fol. 141, Larcher Glanage t. XIII, p. 320, and Balencie, G. (1887) Mauran: sommaire description du pa�s et comt� de Bigorre, p. 10 (or 19).�

[292]Jaurgain (1898), p. 87, citing Bibl. nat., mss. Collection Duchesne(Papiers d�O�henart), vol. 114, fo. 97 vo, and Larcher Glanage, Tome I, p. 378.�

[293]Jaurgain (1898), p. 443, quoting Gallia Christiana, Tome I, Instrum. pp. 194-5.�

[294]Jaurgain (1898), p. 87, citing Bibl. nat., mss. Collection Duchesne(Papiers d�O�henart), vol. 114, fo. 97 vo, and Larcher Glanage, Tome I, p. 378, and Jaurgain (1902), p. 430 (where Fort Aner�s wife is named "Wisola" in the extract taken from the same document).�

[295]Jaurgain (1902), p. 429.�

[296]Jaurgain (1898), p. 87, citing Bibl. nat., mss. Collection Duchesne(Papiers d�O�henart), vol. 114, fo. 97 vo, and Larcher Glanage, Tome I, p. 378.�

[297]Jaurgain (1898), p. 443, quoting Gallia Christiana, Tome I, Instrum. pp. 194-5.�

[298]Jaurgain (1898), p. 88 and Jaurgain (1902), p. 432, quoting Marca (B�arn), p. 805.�

[299]Jaurgain (1902), p. 432, quoting Livre vert de B�nac, fo. 86.�

[300]Lavedan Saint-Savin, p. 5.�

[301]Jaurgain (1902), p. 432.�

[302]Jaurgain (1902), p. 432, quoting Livre vert de B�nac, fo. 86.�

[303]Jaurgain (1898), p. 443, quoting Gallia Christiana, Tome I, Instrum. pp. 194-5.�

[304]Lavedan Saint-Savin II, p. 2.�

[305] Jaurgain (1902), p. 499.�

[306]Jaurgain (1898), pp. 399-, quoting Marca (B�arn), p. 232.

[307] Jaurgain (1902), pp. 499-514.�

[308] Jaurgain (1902), p. 433.�

[309] Marseille Saint-Victor, Tome I, 484, p. 487.�

[310] Jaurgain (1902), p. 433.�

[311]Jaurgain (1902), p. 433, quoting Cartulaire de Saint-P�, Annuaire du Petit S�minaire de Saint-P�, XIII, 1887, p. 275.�

[312] Jaurgain (1902), p. 433.�

[313] Jaurgain (1902), p. 433.�

[314]Jaurgain (1902), p. 379, quoting Marca (B�arn), p. 814.�

[315]Jaurgain (1902), pp. 400 and 435, quoting Luchaire, M. A. (1881) Recueil de textes de l�ancien dialecte gascon, p. 14, corrected against a manuscript copy at Bordeaux.�

[316] Jaurgain (1902), p. 434, quoting Livre vert de B�nac, fo. 87, vo.�

[317] Jaurgain (1902), p. 435, citing O�henart Notitia, p. 511, and Zurita Anales de Aragon, l. xii, fo. 40.�

[318]Jaurgain (1902), pp. 400 and 435, quoting Luchaire, M. A. (1881) Recueil de textes de l�ancien dialecte gascon, p. 14, corrected against a manuscript copy at Bordeaux.�

[319]Jaurgain (1902), p. 439, quoting Livre vert de B�nac, fo. 77, vo.�

[320]Jaurgain (1902), pp. 440-57.�

[321]Berdoues, 559, p. 383.�

[322] Jaurgain (1902), pp. 435-8.�

[323] Jaurgain (1902), p. 412.�

[324]Jaurgain (1902), p. 412, quoting Gallia Christiana, Tome I, Instrum., p. 195.�

[325]Jaurgain (1902), p. 413, quoting Gallia Christiana, Tome I, Instrum., pp. 195-6.�

[326]Jaurgain (1902), p. 413, quoting Gallia Christiana, Tome I, Instrum., pp. 195-6.�

[327]Jaurgain (1898), p. 443, quoting Gallia Christiana, Tome I, Instrum. pp. 194-5.�

[328]Jaurgain (1902), p. 414, quoting Gallia Christiana, Tome I, Instrum., pp. 196-7.�

[329]Jaurgain (1902), p. 415, quoting Gallia Christiana, Tome I, Instrum., p. 197.�

[330]Jaurgain (1902), p. 413, quoting Gallia Christiana, Tome I, Instrum., pp. 195-6.�

[331]Jaurgain (1902), p. 415, quoting Cartulaire de Saint-P�, Annuaire du Petit S�minaire de Saint-P�, VII, 1881, p. 182.�

[332]Jaurgain (1902), p. 415.�

[333]Jaurgain (1902), p. 415.�

[334]Jaurgain (1902), p. 416, quoting Archives des Basses-Pyr�n�es, E. 368, Cartulaire de Bigorre, xv si�cle, fo. 18 vo.�

[335]ES II 76.�

[336]Jaurgain (1902), pp. 218 and 417.�

[337]Jaurgain (1902), p. 416, quoting Archives des Basses-Pyr�n�es, E. 368, Cartulaire de Bigorre, xv si�cle, fo. 18 vo.�

[338]Jaurgain (1898), p. 168.�

[339]Saint-Beno�t-sur-Loire LXIII, p. 165.�

[340]Jaurgain (1902), p. 41.�

[341]Jaurgain (1902), p. 41.�

[342] Bayonne Livre d�Or, I, p. 1.�

[343]Jaurgain (1902), pp. 41-2, quoting Cartulaire de Saint-Vincent de Lucq, O�henart, vol. mss. de M. l�Abb� de Carsalade du Pont, fo. 82.�

[344]Jaurgain (1898), p. 396, and Buisson (1876), Tome I, pp. 149-51.

[345]Jaurgain (1898), pp. 399-401, quoting Marca (B�arn), p. 232.

[346]Jaurgain (1902), p. 42, quoting Cartulaire de Saint-Vincent de Lucq, O�henart, vol. mss. de M. l�Abb� de Carsalade du Pont, fo. 82.�

[347]Jaurgain (1902), p. 538, quoting Marca (B�arn), p. 275.�

[348]Jaurgain (1902), p. 538.�

[349]Jaurgain (1902), p. 538, quoting Marca (B�arn), p. 382.�

[350]Jaurgain (1898), p. 169.�

[351]Jaurgain (1898), pp. 399-401, quoting Marca (B�arn), p. 232.

[352]Jaurgain (1898), pp. 399-401, quoting Marca (B�arn), p. 232.

[353] Ex Historia Abbati� Condomensis, RHGF, Tome XI, p. 395.�

[354]Jaurgain (1902), p. 42.�

[355]Jaurgain (1898), p. 396, and Buisson (1876), Tome I, pp. 149-51.

[356]Jaurgain (1898), p. 399, and Buisson (1876), Tome I, pp. 151-9.

[357]Jaurgain (1902), p. 42.�

[358]Jaurgain (1898), p. 389, quoting Gallia Christiana, Tome I, Instr., p. 190, and Marca (B�arn), p. 269.

[359]R�ole Saint-Pierre, 5, p. 104.�

[360] Jaurgain (1902), p. 101.�

[361]Saint-Beno�t-sur-Loire LXIII, p. 165.�

[362] Jaurgain (1902), p. 109.�

[363]Jaurgain (1898), pp. 399-, quoting Marca (B�arn), p. 232.

[364]RHGF, Tome XIV, p. 184.�

[365]Saint-Vincent-de-Lucq I, p. 7.�

[366] Lavedan Saint-Savin II, p. 7.�

[367]Jaurgain (1898), p. 169.�

[368] Lavedan Saint-Savin II, p. 7.�

[369] Lavedan Saint-Savin II, p. 7.�

[370] Jaurgain (1902), p. 43, quoting Cartulaire de Saint-P� (now lost), in extract in Larcher Glanage.�

[371]Jaurgain (1902), Introduction, III, ix-xi.�

[372] Llorente (1807), Vol. III, 7, pp. 38-80.

[373] Llorente (1807), Vol. III, 7, p. 48.

[374]RHGF, Tome VIII, pp. 470-4.�

[375] Llorente (1807), Vol. III, 7, p. 45.

[376] RHGF, Tome VIII, pp. 470-4.�

[377] Llorente (1807), Vol. III, 7, p. 45.

[378] Llorente (1807), Vol. III, 7, p. 45.

[379] Llorente (1807), Vol. III, 7, p. 46.

[380] Llorente (1807), Vol. III, 7, p. 46.

[381] Llorente (1807), Vol. III, 7, p. 46.

[382] Llorente (1807), Vol. III, 7, p. 46.

[383] Llorente (1807), Vol. III, 7, p. 46.

[384] Llorente (1807), Vol. III, 7, p. 46.

[385] Llorente (1807), Vol. III, 7, p. 46.

[386] Llorente (1807), Vol. III, 7, p. 47.

[387] Llorente (1807), Vol. III, 7, p. 46.

[388] Llorente (1807), Vol. III, 7, p. 45.

[389] Llorente (1807), Vol. III, 7, p. 45.

[390] Llorente (1807), Vol. III, 7, p. 45.

[391] Llorente (1807), Vol. III, 7, p. 46.

[392] Llorente (1807), Vol. III, 7, p. 46.

[393] Llorente (1807), Vol. III, 7, p. 46.

[394] Llorente (1807), Vol. III, 7, p. 47.

[395] Llorente (1807), Vol. III, 7, p. 46.

[396] Llorente (1807), Vol. III, 7, p. 47.

[397] Llorente (1807), Vol. III, 7, p. 47.

[398] Llorente (1807), Vol. III, 7, p. 47.

[399] Llorente (1807), Vol. III, 7, p. 48.

[400] Llorente (1807), Vol. III, 7, p. 48.

[401] Llorente (1807), Vol. III, 7, p. 48.

[402] Llorente (1807), Vol. III, 7, p. 49.

[403] Llorente (1807), Vol. III, 7, p. 48.

[404] Llorente (1807), Vol. III, 7, p. 49.

[405] Llorente (1807), Vol. III, 7, p. 52.

[406] Llorente (1807), Vol. III, 7, p. 52.

[407] Llorente (1807), Vol. III, 7, p. 48.

[408] Llorente (1807), Vol. III, 7, p. 47.

[409] Llorente (1807), Vol. III, 7, p. 47.

[410] Llorente (1807), Vol. III, 7, p. 48.

[411] Llorente (1807), Vol. III, 7, p. 49.

[412] Llorente (1807), Vol. III, 7, p. 48.

[413] Llorente (1807), Vol. III, 7, p. 48.

[414] Llorente (1807), Vol. III, 7, p. 49.

[415] Llorente (1807), Vol. III, 7, p. 49.

[416] Llorente (1807), Vol. III, 7, p. 49.

[417] Llorente (1807), Vol. III, 7, p. 50.

[418] Llorente (1807), Vol. III, 7, p. 50.

[419] Llorente (1807), Vol. III, 7, p. 50.

[420] Llorente (1807), Vol. III, 7, p. 50.

[421] Histoire G�n�rale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Dipl�mes, 215, col. 433.�

[422] Histoire G�n�rale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Dipl�mes, 215, col. 433.�

[423] Marca (B�arn), pp. 325 and 327.�

[424] Histoire G�n�rale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Dipl�mes, 215, col. 433.�

[425] Histoire G�n�rale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Dipl�mes, 215, col. 433.�

[426] Marca (B�arn), p. 327.�

[427] Llorente (1807), Vol. III, 7, p. 50.

[428] Llorente (1807), Vol. III, 7, p. 50.

[429] Llorente (1807), Vol. III, 7, p. 50.

[430] Llorente (1807), Vol. III, 7, p. 50.

[431] Llorente (1807), Vol. III, 7, p. 49.

[432] Llorente (1807), Vol. III, 7, p. 50.

[433]Llorente (1807), Vol. III, 7, p. 49.

[434]Jaurgain (1898), p. 87, citing Marca (B�arn), p. 248.�

[435]Jaurgain (1898), p. 88 and Jaurgain (1902), p. 432, quoting Marca (B�arn), p. 805.�

[436]Jaurgain (1902), p. 432, quoting Livre vert de B�nac, fo. 86.�

[437]RHGF, Tome XIV, p. 184.�

[438]Jaurgain (1898), p. 90, citing Marca (B�arn), p. 294.�

[439] Bayonne Livre d�Or, XX, p. 35.�

[440] Jaurgain (1902), pp. 466-93.�

[441]Jaurgain (1902), pp. 493-98.�

[442]RHGF, Tome XIV, p. 184.�

[443] Marca (B�arn), p. 489, quoting "E Charta Lascur.".�

[444]Brutails (1890) I, p. 1.�

[445] R�les Gascons, Tome I, 25 Hen III, 159, pp. 23-4.�

[446]Letters Henry III, Vol. II, CCCCLXXVI, p. 74.�

[447]Jaurgain (1898), p. 90, citing Monlezun (1846), Tome VI, p. 375.�

[448]Jaurgain (1898), p. 90.�

[449]Jaurgain (1898), p. 91.�

[450]P�re Anselme, Tome IX, p. 383.�

[451] Jaurgain (1898), p. 90.�

[452] Dubois �Titres de la maison d�Albret�, p. 45.�

[453]P�re Anselme, Tome IX, pp. 382-3.�

[454]P�re Anselme, Tome IX, p. 383.�

GASCONY - BEARN, BIGORRE (original) (raw)

Chapter 1.��� VICOMTES de BEARN

A.����� VICOMTES de BEARN [870]-1134

B.����� VICOMTES de BEARN 1134-1173 (GABARRET)

C.����� VICOMTES de BEARN 1173-[1310] (MONTCADA)

Chapter 2.��� COMTES de BIGORRE

A.����� COMTES de BIGORRE [870]-[1040]

B.����� COMTES de BIGORRE [1040]-1080 (COMTES de CARCASSONNE)

C.����� COMTES de BIGORRE 1080-[1148] (VICOMTES de BEARN)

D.����� COMTES de BIGORRE [1148]-[1200] (VICOMTES de MARSAN)

E.����� COMTES de BIGORRE [1200]-1316 (COMMINGES, MONTFORT and MARSAN)

F.����� VICOMTES de la BARTHE

G.����� VICOMTES de LAVEDAN

H.����� VICOMTES de MONTANER

Chapter 3.��� VICOMTES d'OLORON

Chapter 4.��� VICOMTES de SOULE et de LOUVIGNY

Chapter 1.�� VICOMTES de BEARN

A.�� VICOMTES de BEARN [870]-1134

B.�� VICOMTES de BEARN 1134-1173 (GABARRET)

C.�� VICOMTES de BEARN 1173-[1310] (MONTCADA)

Chapter 2.�� COMTES de BIGORRE

A.�� COMTES de BIGORRE [870]-[1040]

B.�� COMTES de BIGORRE [1040]-1080 (COMTES de CARCASSONNE)

C.�� COMTES de BIGORRE 1080-[1148] (VICOMTES de BEARN)

D.�� COMTES de BIGORRE [1148]-[1200] (VICOMTES de MARSAN)

E.�� COMTES de BIGORRE [1200]-1316 (COMMINGES, MONTFORT and MARSAN)

F.�� VICOMTES de la BARTHE

G.�� VICOMTES de LAVEDAN

H.�� VICOMTES de MONTANER

Chapter 3.�� VICOMTES d'OLORON

Chapter 4.�� VICOMTES de SOULE et de LOUVIGNY