Reasoning — AllegroGraph Python client 104.2.0 documentation (original) (raw)

Example 20: Reasoning¶

AllegroGraph supports the following RDFS and OWL predicates:

rdf:type;
rdfs:domain;
rdfs:range;
rdfs:subClassOf;
rdfs:subPropertyOf;
owl:inverseOf;
owl:sameAs;
owl:SymmetricProperty;
owl:TransitiveProperty.

A more detailed description of reasoning support can be found in theReasoner Tutorialchapter of AllegroGraph LISP documentation and is not repeated here for brevity. This tutorial only contains Python setup and querying examples.

Setup¶

In order to enable reasoning, a connection to the server must be constructed by passing repository spec to a reason() function and creating a session from the resulting spec:

conn = server.openSession(reason(repo))

This connection must be used instead of a regular connection as an entry-point to execute queries on inferred statements. Here is a complete example of a setup that enables RDFS++ reasoning over a regular repository repo:

from franz.openrdf.sail.allegrographserver import AllegroGraphServer from franz.openrdf.sail.spec import reason

server = AllegroGraphServer(host='localhost', port=10035, user='test', password='xyzzy')

Create repository 'repo' in the root catalog.

server.openCatalog().createRepository('repo')

Open session with reasoning enabled on repository 'repo'.

conn = server.openSession(reason(''))

Reasoner examples¶

The examples below assume that you already have an RDFS++ repository created as described in the Setup section. Each example removes all of the triples in the store, adds some new triples, and makes some queries to illustrate the different sorts of reasoning that AllegroGraph supports.

In order to demonstrate the results, we will use the following function to print triples matching a simple pattern:

def ptl(conn, s, p, o): """ Get statements matching subject, predicate and object, which can be either entities represented by strings of the form ':' or wildcard None values. """ namespaces = { 'rdf': conn.namespace('http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#'), 'ex': conn.namespace('ex://') }

def part_to_uri(part):
    # Split part string on ':' and get a full URI from a corresponding
    # namespace object:
    if part:
        prefix, name = part.split(':', 2)
        return getattr(namespaces[prefix], name)
    else:
        return None

us, up, uo = (part_to_uri(part) for part in (s, p, o))
for rs, rp, ro, _ in conn.getStatements(us, up, uo):
    print("{} {} {}.".format(rs, rp, ro))

It is also possible to ask for inferred statements without creating a reasoning session by setting the value of the includeInferredargument to getStatements() to True as in the following example:

conn.getStatements(s, p, o, includeInferred=True)

`inverseOf`¶

conn.addData(""" ... @prefix owl: http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#. ... @prefix ex: ex://. ... ... ex:Jans ex:owns ex:Birra. ... ex:ownedBy owl:inverseOf ex:owns. ... ex:has owl:inverseOf ex:ownedBy. ... """)

ptl(conn, "ex:Birra", "ex:ownedBy", None) ex://Birra ex://ownedBy ex://Jans.

ptl(conn, None, "ex:ownedBy", None) ex://Birra ex://ownedBy ex://Jans.

ptl(conn, None, "ex:ownedBy", "ex:Jans") ex://Birra ex://ownedBy ex://Jans.

ptl(conn, "ex:Jans", "ex:has", None) ex://Jans ex://has ex://Birra.

ptl(conn, None, "ex:has", None) ex://Jans ex://has ex://Birra.

ptl(conn, None, "ex:has", "ex:Birra") ex://Jans ex://has ex://Birra.

`subPropertyOf`¶

conn.addData(""" ... @prefix owl: http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#. ... @prefix ex: ex://. ... @prefix rdfs: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#. ... ... ex:Jans ex:hasPet ex:Birra. ... ex:Birra ex:friendOf ex:Samira. ... ex:hasPet rdfs:subPropertyOf ex:owns. ... """)

ptl(conn, "ex:Jans", "ex:owns", "ex:Birra") ex://Jans ex://owns ex://Birra.

ptl(conn, "ex:Jans", "ex:owns", None) ex://Jans ex://owns ex://Birra.

ptl(conn, None, "ex:owns", "ex:Birra") ex://Jans ex://owns ex://Birra.

ptl(conn, "ex:Jans", "ex:hasPet", "ex:Birra") ex://Jans ex://hasPet ex://Birra.

ptl(conn, "ex:Jans", "ex:hasPet", None) ex://Jans ex://hasPet ex://Birra.

ptl(conn, None, "ex:hasPet", "ex:Birra") ex://Jans ex://hasPet ex://Birra.

`inverseOf` with `subPropertyOf`¶

conn.addData(""" ... @prefix owl: http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#. ... @prefix ex: ex://. ... @prefix rdfs: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#. ... ... ex:Jans ex:hasPet ex:Birra. ... ex:ownedBy owl:inverseOf ex:owns. ... ex:has owl:inverseOf ex:ownedBy. ... ex:hasPet rdfs:subPropertyOf ex:owns. ... ex:petOf owl:inverseOf ex:hasPet. ... """)

direct triples

ptl(conn, "ex:Jans", "ex:hasPet", "ex:Birra") ex://Jans ex://hasPet ex://Birra.

ptl(conn, None, "ex:hasPet", "ex:Birra") ex://Jans ex://hasPet ex://Birra.

ptl(conn, "ex:Jans", "ex:hasPet", None) ex://Jans ex://hasPet ex://Birra.

inverse of ex:hasPet

ptl(conn, "ex:Birra", "ex:petOf", "ex:Jans") ex://Birra ex://petOf ex://Jans.

ptl(conn, None, "ex:petOf", "ex:Jans") ex://Birra ex://petOf ex://Jans.

ptl(conn, "ex:Birra", "ex:petOf", None) ex://Birra ex://petOf ex://Jans.

subproperty

ptl(conn, "ex:Jans", "ex:owns", "ex:Birra") ex://Jans ex://owns ex://Birra.

ptl(conn, "ex:Jans", "ex:owns", None) ex://Jans ex://owns ex://Birra.

ptl(conn, None, "ex:owns", "ex:Birra") ex://Jans ex://owns ex://Birra.

inverse of subproperty

ptl(conn, "ex:Birra", "ex:ownedBy", "ex:Jans") ex://Birra ex://ownedBy ex://Jans.

ptl(conn, None, "ex:ownedBy", "ex:Jans") ex://Birra ex://ownedBy ex://Jans.

ptl(conn, "ex:Birra", "ex:ownedBy", None) ex://Birra ex://ownedBy ex://Jans.

inverse of inverse

ptl(conn, "ex:Jans", "ex:has", "ex:Birra") ex://Jans ex://has ex://Birra.

ptl(conn, None, "ex:has", "ex:Birra") ex://Jans ex://has ex://Birra.

ptl(conn, "ex:Jans", "ex:has", None) ex://Jans ex://has ex://Birra.

`sameAs`¶

conn.addData(""" @prefix owl: http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#. @prefix ex: ex://. @prefix rdfs: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#.

ex:Jans ex:owns ex:Birra. ex:Jans owl:sameAs ex:Jannes. ex:Aasman owl:sameAs ex:Jannes. ex:Birra owl:sameAs ex:SonOfSamira. """)

ptl(conn, "ex:Aasman", "ex:owns", "ex:SonOfSamira") ex://Aasman ex://owns ex://SonOfSamira.

ptl(conn, "ex:Aasman", "ex:owns", None) ex://Aasman ex://owns ex://Birra. ex://Aasman ex://owns ex://SonOfSamira.

ptl(conn, None, "ex:owns", "ex:SonOfSamira") ex://Jans ex://owns ex://SonOfSamira. ex://Jannes ex://owns ex://SonOfSamira. ex://Aasman ex://owns ex://SonOfSamira.

ptl(conn, None, "ex:owns", None) ex://Jans ex://owns ex://Birra. ex://Aasman ex://owns ex://Birra. ex://Aasman ex://owns ex://SonOfSamira. ex://Jannes ex://owns ex://SonOfSamira. ex://Jannes ex://owns ex://Birra. ex://Jans ex://owns ex://SonOfSamira.

`sameAs` with `inverseOf` and `subPropertyOf`¶

conn.addData(""" @prefix owl: http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#. @prefix ex: ex://. @prefix rdfs: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#.

ex:Jans ex:hasPet ex:Birra. ex:ownedBy owl:inverseOf ex:owns. ex:has owl:inverseOf ex:ownedBy. ex:hasPet rdfs:subPropertyOf ex:owns. ex:petOf owl:inverseOf ex:hasPet. ex:Birra ex:age ex:twelve.

ex:Jans owl:sameAs ex:Jannes. ex:Aasman owl:sameAs ex:Jannes. ex:Birra owl:sameAs ex:SonOfSamira. """)

direct triples

ptl(conn, "ex:Aasman", "ex:hasPet", "ex:SonOfSamira") ex://Aasman ex://hasPet ex://SonOfSamira.

ptl(conn, None, "ex:hasPet", "ex:SonOfSamira") ex://Aasman ex://hasPet ex://SonOfSamira. ex://Jannes ex://hasPet ex://SonOfSamira. ex://Jans ex://hasPet ex://SonOfSamira.

ptl(conn, "ex:Aasman", "ex:hasPet", None) ex://Aasman ex://hasPet ex://Birra. ex://Aasman ex://hasPet ex://SonOfSamira.

inverse of 'owns'

ptl(conn, "ex:SonOfSamira", "ex:petOf", "ex:Aasman") ex://SonOfSamira ex://petOf ex://Aasman.

ptl(conn, None, "ex:petOf", "ex:Aasman") ex://SonOfSamira ex://petOf ex://Aasman. ex://Birra ex://petOf ex://Aasman.

ptl(conn, "ex:SonOfSamira", "ex:petOf", None) ex://SonOfSamira ex://petOf ex://Jannes. ex://SonOfSamira ex://petOf ex://Aasman. ex://SonOfSamira ex://petOf ex://Jans.

inverse of inverse

ptl(conn, "ex:Aasman", "ex:has", "ex:SonOfSamira") ex://Aasman ex://has ex://SonOfSamira.

ptl(conn, None, "ex:has", "ex:SonOfSamira") ex://Jannes ex://has ex://SonOfSamira. ex://Aasman ex://has ex://SonOfSamira. ex://Jans ex://has ex://SonOfSamira.

ptl(conn, "ex:Aasman", "ex:has", None) ex://Aasman ex://has ex://Birra. ex://Aasman ex://has ex://SonOfSamira.

subproperty

ptl(conn, "ex:Aasman", "ex:owns", "ex:SonOfSamira") ex://Aasman ex://owns ex://SonOfSamira.

ptl(conn, "ex:Aasman", "ex:owns", None) ex://Aasman ex://owns ex://SonOfSamira. ex://Aasman ex://owns ex://Birra.

ptl(conn, None, "ex:owns", "ex:SonOfSamira") ex://Aasman ex://owns ex://SonOfSamira. ex://Jans ex://owns ex://SonOfSamira. ex://Jannes ex://owns ex://SonOfSamira.

inverse of subproperty

ptl(conn, "ex:SonOfSamira", "ex:ownedBy", "ex:Aasman") ex://SonOfSamira ex://ownedBy ex://Aasman.

ptl(conn, None, "ex:ownedBy", "ex:Aasman") ex://SonOfSamira ex://ownedBy ex://Aasman. ex://Birra ex://ownedBy ex://Aasman.

ptl(conn, "ex:SonOfSamira", "ex:ownedBy", None) ex://SonOfSamira ex://ownedBy ex://Aasman. ex://SonOfSamira ex://ownedBy ex://Jans. ex://SonOfSamira ex://ownedBy ex://Jannes.

`type` with `subClassOf`¶

conn.addData(""" @prefix owl: http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#. @prefix ex: ex://. @prefix rdf: http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#. @prefix rdfs: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#.

ex:Mammal rdfs:subClassOf ex:Animal. ex:Human rdfs:subClassOf ex:Mammal. ex:Man rdfs:subClassOf ex:Human. ex:Jans rdf:type ex:Man. ex:Jans owl:sameAs ex:Jannes. ex:Aasman owl:sameAs ex:Jannes. """)

ptl(conn, "ex:Jans", "rdf:type", "ex:Man") ex://Jans http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type ex://Man.

ptl(conn, "ex:Jans", "rdf:type", "ex:Human") ex://Jans http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type ex://Human.

ptl(conn, "ex:Jans", "rdf:type", None) ex://Jans http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type ex://Man. ex://Jans http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type ex://Animal. ex://Jans http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type ex://Human. ex://Jans http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type ex://Mammal.

ptl(conn, "ex:Aasman", "rdf:type", "ex:Man") ex://Aasman http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type ex://Man.

ptl(conn, "ex:Aasman", "rdf:type", "ex:Human") ex://Aasman http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type ex://Human.

ptl(conn, "ex:Aasman", "rdf:type", None) ex://Aasman http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type ex://Animal. ex://Aasman http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type ex://Human. ex://Aasman http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type ex://Mammal. ex://Aasman http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type ex://Man.

ptl(conn, None, "rdf:type", "ex:Man") ex://Jans http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type ex://Man.

ptl(conn, None, "rdf:type", "ex:Human") ex://Aasman http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type ex://Human. ex://Jannes http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type ex://Human. ex://Jans http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type ex://Human.

ptl(conn, None, "rdf:type", None) ex://Jans http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type ex://Man. ex://Aasman http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type ex://Human. ex://Jannes http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type ex://Human. ex://Jans http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type ex://Human. ex://Aasman http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type ex://Mammal. ex://Jannes http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type ex://Mammal. ex://Jans http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type ex://Mammal. ex://Aasman http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type ex://Animal. ex://Jannes http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type ex://Animal. ex://Jans http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type ex://Animal.

`type` with `range`¶

conn.addData(""" @prefix owl: http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#. @prefix ex: ex://. @prefix rdfs: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#.

ex:Jans ex:hasPet ex:Birra. ex:hasPet rdfs:range ex:Pet. ex:Pet rdfs:subClassOf ex:Mammal. ex:Fatcat owl:sameAs ex:Birra. """)

ptl(conn, "ex:Birra", "rdf:type", "ex:Pet") ex://Birra http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type ex://Pet.

ptl(conn, "ex:Birra", "rdf:type", None) ex://Birra http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type ex://Pet. ex://Birra http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type ex://Mammal.

ptl(conn, None, "rdf:type", "ex:Pet") ex://Fatcat http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type ex://Pet. ex://Birra http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type ex://Pet.

ptl(conn, "ex:Birra", "rdf:type", "ex:Mammal") ex://Birra http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type ex://Mammal.

ptl(conn, "ex:Fatcat", "rdf:type", "ex:Mammal") ex://Fatcat http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type ex://Mammal.

`type` with `domain`¶

conn.addData(""" @prefix owl: http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#. @prefix ex: ex://. @prefix rdfs: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#.

ex:Jans ex:hasPet ex:Birra. ex:hasPet rdfs:domain ex:Human. ex:Human rdfs:subClassOf ex:Mammal. ex:Jans owl:sameAs ex:Aasman. """)

ptl(conn, "ex:Jans", "rdf:type", "ex:Human") ex://Jans http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type ex://Human.

ptl(conn, "ex:Jans", "rdf:type", None) ex://Jans http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type ex://Human. ex://Jans http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type ex://Mammal.

ptl(conn, None, "rdf:type", "ex:Human") ex://Aasman http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type ex://Human. ex://Jans http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type ex://Human.

ptl(conn, None, "rdf:type", None) ex://Aasman http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type ex://Mammal. ex://Jans http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type ex://Mammal. ex://Aasman http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type ex://Human. ex://Jans http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type ex://Human.

Transitivity with `sameAs`¶

conn.addData(""" @prefix owl: http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#. @prefix ex: ex://. @prefix rdf: http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#.

ex:contains rdf:type owl:TransitiveProperty. ex:USA ex:contains ex:California. ex:GoldenState ex:contains ex:ContraCosta. ex:ContraCosta ex:contains ex:Moraga.

ex:USA owl:sameAs ex:UncleSam. ex:Moraga owl:sameAs ex:MyTown. ex:California owl:sameAs ex:GoldenState. """)

ptl(conn, "ex:USA", "ex:contains", "ex:Moraga") ex://USA ex://contains ex://Moraga.

ptl(conn, "ex:UncleSam", "ex:contains", "ex:MyTown") ex://UncleSam ex://contains ex://MyTown.

ptl(conn, "ex:GoldenState", "ex:contains", "ex:Moraga") ex://GoldenState ex://contains ex://Moraga.

ptl(conn, "ex:California", "ex:contains", "ex:Moraga") ex://California ex://contains ex://Moraga.

ptl(conn, "ex:California", "ex:contains", "ex:MyTown") ex://California ex://contains ex://MyTown.

ptl(conn, "ex:USA", "ex:contains", None) ex://USA ex://contains ex://California. ex://USA ex://contains ex://MyTown. ex://USA ex://contains ex://GoldenState. ex://USA ex://contains ex://ContraCosta. ex://USA ex://contains ex://Moraga.

ptl(conn, "ex:UncleSam", "ex:contains", None) ex://UncleSam ex://contains ex://GoldenState. ex://UncleSam ex://contains ex://California. ex://UncleSam ex://contains ex://ContraCosta. ex://UncleSam ex://contains ex://MyTown. ex://UncleSam ex://contains ex://Moraga.

ptl(conn, None, "ex:contains", "ex:Moraga") ex://ContraCosta ex://contains ex://Moraga. ex://California ex://contains ex://Moraga. ex://UncleSam ex://contains ex://Moraga. ex://GoldenState ex://contains ex://Moraga. ex://USA ex://contains ex://Moraga.

ptl(conn, None, "ex:contains", "ex:MyTown") ex://GoldenState ex://contains ex://MyTown. ex://USA ex://contains ex://MyTown. ex://ContraCosta ex://contains ex://MyTown. ex://UncleSam ex://contains ex://MyTown. ex://California ex://contains ex://MyTown.

Reasoning — AllegroGraph Python client 104.2.0 documentation (original) (raw)

Example 20: Reasoning¶

Setup¶

Create repository 'repo' in the root catalog.

Open session with reasoning enabled on repository 'repo'.

Reasoner examples¶

inverseOf¶

subPropertyOf¶

inverseOf with subPropertyOf¶

direct triples

inverse of ex:hasPet

subproperty

inverse of subproperty

inverse of inverse

sameAs¶

sameAs with inverseOf and subPropertyOf¶

direct triples

inverse of 'owns'

inverse of inverse

subproperty

inverse of subproperty

type with subClassOf¶

type with range¶

type with domain¶

Transitivity with sameAs¶

`inverseOf`¶

`subPropertyOf`¶

`inverseOf` with `subPropertyOf`¶

`sameAs`¶

`sameAs` with `inverseOf` and `subPropertyOf`¶

`type` with `subClassOf`¶

`type` with `range`¶

`type` with `domain`¶

Transitivity with `sameAs`¶