†Protorosauria [Prolacertiformes] (original) (raw)
(Mainly) after Carroll, 1988, and Jalil, 1997
**<==**o †Protorosauria Lydekker, 1888 [Prolacertiformes Camp, 1945]
|--o †Protorosauridae Lydekker, 1888
| |?- †Aenigmastropheus parringtoni Ezcurra, Scheyer & Butler, 2014
| -- †_Protorosaurus speneri_ Meyer, 1830 --+?-o †Prolacertidae Parrington, 1935 [non-Proterosaurian archosauromorphs (Ezcurra, Scheyer & Butler, 2014)]
| |?- †Kadimakara australiensis Bartholomai, 1979
| |-- †Pamelaria dolichotrachela K. Sen, 2003
| -- †_Prolacerta broomi_ Parrington, 1935 --+--+-- †Jesairosaurus lehmani Jalil, 1997
| --o †_Malerisaurus_ Chatterjee, 1980 | |-- †_M. langstoni_ Chatterjee, 1986 | -- †M. robinsonae Chatterjee, 1980
--+?-o †Drepanosauridae [Megalancosauridae Renesto, 1994] [transfered to a new basal diapsid group **[Avicephala](../diapsida.html#Avicephala)** by Phil Senter (2004)] | |-- †_Hypuronector limnaios_ Colbert & Olsen, 2001 | |-- †**Drepanosauridae** _genera_ et _species_ indet. [**GR 1113**] [U. Tri. SWNA.] [Harris & Downs, 2002] | |-- †_Megalancosaurus preonensis_ Calzavara et al., 1980 | |-- †_Drepanosaurus unguicaudatus_ Pinna, 1979 | -- †Dolabrosaurus aquatilis Berman & Reisz, 1994
|--o †Macrocnemus [Macrochemus]
| |-- †M. basanii (Nopcsa, 1930) [Macrocnemus bassanni Nopcsa, 1930]
| -- †_M. fuyuanensis_ Li, Zhao & Wang, 2007 --+--o †Langobardisaurus Renesto, 1994
| |?- †L. tonelloi
| -- †_L. pandolfii_ Renesto, 1994 |?- †_Amotosaurus rotfeldensis_ Fraser & Rieppel, 2006 --+-- †Boreopricea funerea Tatarinov, 1978
--+-- †_Cosesaurus aviceps_ Ellenberger & de Villalta, 1974 --o †Tanystrophidae Gervais, 1858
|-- †Tanytrachelos ahynis Olsen, 1979
--o †_Tanystropheus_ Meyer, 1855 [_Tribelesodon_ Nopcsa, 1923] |?- †_T. antiquus_ von Huene, 1907-08 [_nomen dubium_, most of type series lost in WWII] |-- †_T. meridensis_ Wild, 1980 |-- †_T. longobardicus_ Peyer, 1931 -- †T. conspicuus Meyer, 1855
Protorosauria incertae sedis:
†_Dinocephalosaurus orientalis_ Li, 2003
†_Fuyuansaurus acutirostris_ Fraser, Rieppel & Chun, 2013
†_Malutinisuchus gratus_ Ochev, 1986
†_Microcnemus efremovi_ Huene, 1940
†_Prolacertoides jumusarensis_ Yang, 1973
†_Trachelosaurus fischeri_ Broili, 1918
†_Vritramimosaurus dzerzhinskii_ Sennikov, 2005| After Ezcurra, Scheyer & Butler, 2014 **<==**o †Protorosauria |--o †Protorosauridae | | -- †Aenigmastropheus | `-- †Protorosaurus_ `--o †Tanystropheidae | -- †_Macrocnemus `-- †Tanystropheus_ | After Gottmann-Quesada & Sander, 2009 **<==**o †Protorosauria |-- †Protorosaurus `--+--o †Drepanosauridae | | -- †_Megalancosaurus | `-- †Drepanosaurus_ `--o †Tanystropheidae | -- †_Macrocnemus `--+-- †Tanystropheus_ `-- †_Langobardisaurus | After Rieppel, Li & Fraser, 2008 **<==**o †Protorosauria |--+-- †Megalancosaurus | `-- †Drepanosaurus_ | -- †Jesairosaurus | -- †Dinocephalosaurus `--+-- †_Macrocnemus `--+-- †Langobardisaurus_ `--+-- †_Tanystropheus `-- †Tanytrachelos_ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | --------------------- | -------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------- | ------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ | | --------------------- | | ------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------ | | ----------------------- | | ------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | After Jalil, 1997 **<==**o †Prolacertiformes |-- †Protorosaurus speneri `--+-- †_Prolacerta broomi `--+--+-- †Jesairosaurus_ | `-- †_Malerisaurus `--+-- †Macrocnemus_ `--+-- †_Langobardisaurus `--+-- †Boreopricea_ `--+-- †_Cosesaurus `--+-- †Tanystropheus_ `-- †_Tanytrachelos | After Peters, 1997 [“The Pterosaur Homepage”][currently “Pterosaurinfo.com”] Note of warning: David Peter's phylogenies of various amniote-groups are highly controversial due his unorthodox methods of research and unique approaches to phylogenetic methods. **<==**o †Protorosauria |-- †Protorosaurus `--+?- †Malutinisuchus_ | ?- †Prolacertoides | ?- †Trachelosaurus | ?- †Vritramimosaurus `--+--o Prolacertidae | | ?- †_Kadimakara | | -- †Pamelaria | `-- †Prolacerta_ `--+--o †Drepanosauridae | | -- †_Hypuronector | | -- †Drepanosauridae genera et species indet. [GR 1113] | | -- †Megalancosaurus | | -- †Drepanosaurus | `-- †Dolabrosaurus_ `--+-- †_Boreopricea | ?-+-- †Jesairosaurus | `-- †Malerisaurus_ `--o †Tapinoplatia | -- †_Macrocnemus `--o †Characiopoda | --o Tanystrophidae | | ?- †Dinocephalosaurus_ | | -- †Tanytrachelos | `-- †_Tanystropheus `--o Ichthycolosauria | -- †Langobardisaurus_ `--o †Protopterosauria | -- †_Cosesaurus `--o Uropatagiata | -- †_Sharovipteryx_ `-- †Pterosauria |
Reference(s):
- Atanassov, M. N., 2001: Two new archosauromorphs from the Late Triassic of Texas.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 21, #3, Supplement to #3, pp. A30 - Chatterjee, S., 1986: Malerisaurus langstoni, a new diapsid reptile from the Triassic of Texas.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 6, #4, pp. 297-312 - Colbert, E. H. & Olsen, P. E., 2001: A new and unusual aquatic reptile from the Lockatong Formation of New Jersey (Late Triassic, Newark Supergroup).
–American Museum Novitates: #3334, pp. 1-24 - Ezcurra, M. D., Scheyer, T. M. & Butler, R. J., 2014: The Origin and Early Evolution of Sauria: Reassessing the Permian Saurian Fossil Record and the Timing of the Crocodile-Lizard Divergence.
–Plos One: Vol. 9, #2, pp. e89165 [**doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089165**] - Fraser, N. C. & Rieppel, O., 2006: A new protorosaur (Diapsida) from the upper Buntsandstein of the Black Forest, Germany.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 26, #4, pp. 866-871 [**doi: 10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26[866:anpdft]2.0.co;2**] - Fraser, N. C., Rieppel, O. & Chun, L., 2013: A long-snouted protorosaur from the Middle Triassic of southern China.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 33, #5, pp. 1120-1126 [**doi: 10.1080/02724634.2013.764310**] - Gottmann-Quesada, A. & Sander, P. M., 2009: A redescription of the early archosauromorph Protorosaurus speneri Meyer,1832, and its phylogenetic relationships.
–Palaeontographica Abteilung A: Vol. 287, #4-6, pp. 123-220 - Harris, J. D. & Downs, A., 2002: A drepanosaurid pectoral girdle from the Ghost Ranch (Whitaker) Coelophysis quarry (Chinle Group, Rock Point Formation, Rhaetian), New Mexico.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 22, #1, pp. 70-75 - Jalil, N-E, 1997: A new prolacertiform diapsid from the Triassic of North Africa and the interrelationships of the Prolacertiformes.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 17, #3, pp. 506-525 - Jiang, D.-Y., Rieppel, O., Fraser, N. C., Motani, R., Hao, W.-C., Tintori, A., Sun, Y.-L. & Sun, Z.-Y., 2011: New information on the Protorosaurian reptile Macrocnemus fuyuanensis Li et al., 2007, from the Middle/Upper Triassic of Yunnan, China.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 31, #6, pp. 1230-1237 [**doi: 10.1080/039.031.0614**] - Li, C., Rieppel, O. C. & LaBarbera, M. C., 2004: A Triassic Aquatic Protorosaur with an Extremely Long Neck.
–Science: Vol. 305, pp. 1931 - Peters, D., 1997-2000: The origin of pterosaurs.
–iNet: The Pterosaur homepage: Pterosaur Origins: [no longer online]
[David Peters' new pages are at: http://pterosaurinfo.com/] - Renesto, S., 1994: Megalancosaurus, a possibly arboreal archosauromorph (Reptilia) from the Upper Triassic of northern Italy.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 14, #1, pp. 38-52 - Rieppel, O., Jiang, D.-Y., Fraser, N. C., Hao, W.-C., Motani, R., Sun, Y.-L. & Sun, Z.-Y., 2010: Tanystropheus cf. T. longobardicus from the Early Late Triassic of Guizhou Province, Southwestern China.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 30, #4, pp. 1082-1089 [**doi: 10.1080/02724634.2010.483548**] - Rieppel, O., Li, C. & Fraser, N. C., 2008: The skeletal aatomy of the Triassic Protorosaur Dinocephalosaurus orientalis Li, from the Middle Triassic of Guizhou Province, Southern China.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 28, #1, pp. 95-110 [**doi: 10.1671/0272-4634(2008)28[95:tsaott]2.0.co;2**] - Sen, K., 2003: Pamelaria dolichotrachela, a new prolacertid reptile from the Middle Triassic of India.
–Journal of Asian Earth Sciences: Vol. 21, pp. 663-681 - Sennikov, A. G., 2005: A new specialized prolacertilian (Reptilia: Archosauromorpha) from the Lower Triassic of the Orenburg Region.
–Paleontological Journal: vol. 39, #2, pp. 199-209 - Senter, P., 2004: Phylogeny of Drepanosauridae (Reptilia: Diapsida).
–Journal of Systematic Palaeontology: Vol. 2, #3, pp. 257-268 - Unwin, D. M., Alifanov, V. R. & Benton, M. J., 2000: Enigmatic small reptiles from the Middle-Late Triassic of Kirgizstan. 177-186
in Benton, M. J., Shishkin, M. A., Unvin, D. M. & Kurochkin, E. N., (eds.) 2000: The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia.
–Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000 xxxix-696