Diapsida (original) (raw)

After Carroll, 1988, deBraga & Reisz, 1995, Gower, 1996, Frey, Sues & Munk, 1997, Gao & Fox, 1998, Bickelmann, M�ller & Reisz, 2009, and Reisz, Modesto & Scott, 2011

**<==**o Diapsida Osborn, 1903 (diapsid reptiles; kaksiohimoaukkoiset matelijat) |?- †Sphodrosaurus pennsylvanicus Colbert, 1960 |?- †Palacrodon browni Broom, 1906 [Fremouwsaurus geludens Gow, 1992] |?-o †Omphalosaurus Merriami, 1906 [Omphalosauridae Merriam, 1906] sensu Motani, 2000 [a marine, non-ichthyopterygian, diapsid?] | |-- †O. nevadanus Merriami, 1906 | |-- †O. nisseri Merriami, 1911? | |-- †O. netterhynchus Mazin & Buchner, 1987 | -- †_O. wolfi_ Tichy, 1995 |--o †Araeoscelida Williston, 1913 | |?- †_Kadaliosaurus priscus_ Credner, 1889; L.Perm. WEu. | |?- †_Dictybolus tener_ Olson, 1970 | |-- †_Spinoequalis schultzei_ deBraga & Reisz, 1995 | --o †Araeosceloidea | |-- †Petrolacosaurus kansensis Lane, 1945 [Petrolacosauridae Peabody, 1952] | --o †Araeoscelidae Williston, 1913 | |?- †_Aphelosaurus lutevensis_ Gervais, 1858 | |-- †_Zarcasaurus tandyderus_ Brinkman, Berman & Eberth, 1984 | --o †Araeoscelis Williston, 1910 [Ophiodeirus Broom, 1913] | |-- †A. gracilis Williston, 1910 | -- †_A. casei_ (Broom 1913) [_Ophiodeirus casei_ Broom, 1913] --o Neodiapsida Gauthier, 1984 sensu Benton, 1985 (advanced diapsids) |-- †Orovenator mayorum Reisz, Modesto & Scott, 2011 --+-- †_Lanthanolania ivakhnenkoi_ Reisz & Modesto, 2003 --+-- †Apsisaurus witteri Laurin 1991 --o Eosuchia Broom, 1924 _sensu_ deBraga & Rieppel, 1997 |?**=**o †Eosuchia Broom, 1924 [Younginiformes Romer, 1945] [paraphyletic??, Rieppel, 1994 places these as basal lepidosauromorphs.] | |?- †_Acerosodontosaurus piveteaui_ Currie, 1980 [Acerosodontosauridae] | |?- †_Noteosuchus colletti_ (Watson, 1912) Broom, 1925 [_Eosuchus colletti_ Watson, 1912] [preoccupied by _Eosuchus lerichei_ Dollo, 1907, a [gavialoid](../archosauria/crocodylia/gavialoidea.html) crocodylian] | |-- †_Galesphyrus capensis_ Broom 1914 [Galesphyridae Currie 1981] | |--o †Younginidae Broom, 1914 | | |-- †_Heleosuchus griesbachi_ Broom 1913 | | |-- †_Thadeosaurus colcanapi_ Carroll, 1981 | | -- †Youngina capensis Broom, 1914 [Youngoides romeri, Youngopsis] | --o †Tangasauridae Haughton, 1924 | |-- †_Hovasaurus boulei_ Currie, 1981 | |-- †_Tangasaurus mennelli_ Currie, 1982 | -- †Kenyasaurus mariakanensis Harris & Carroll, 1977 --+?- †_Claudiosaurus germaini_ Carroll, 1981 [Claudiosauridae Carroll, 1981 ] |?- †_Longisquama insignis_ Sharov, 1970 [Longisquamidae Sharov, 1970] [problematic, see **[Lepidosauriformes](lepidosauromorpha/lepidosauriformes.html)** or **[Archosauria](../archosauria/archosauria.html)** for alternative phylogenetic positions] |?-+--o †_Lazarussuchus_ Hecht, 1992; U.Olig.-L.Mioc. Eu. [_Lazarussaurus_ (lapsus calami)] [non-**Choristodere** _sensu_ Gao & Fox, 2005] | | |-- †_L. inexpectatus_ Hecht, 1992 | | -- †L. dvoraci Evans & Klembara, 2005 | ?- †[Choristodera](choristodera.html) [alternative [view](sauria%5F2.html) after Gao & Fox, 1999] |?- †[Ichthyosauromorpha](ichthyosauromorpha/ichthyosauromorpha.html) Motani, Jiang, Chen, Tintori, Rieppel, Ji & Huang, 2014 (ichthyosaurs and relatives; kalaliskomaiset matelijat) |--o †Weigeltisauridae Kuhn, 1936 [Coelurosauravidae Evans & Haubold, 1987] | |-- †_Coelurosauravus elivensis_ Piveteau, 1926 [_Daedalosaurus magagascariensis_ Carroll, 1976] U.Perm. CEu. Mad. | |-- †_Weigeltisaurus jaekeli_ (Weigelt, 1930) Kuhn, 1936 [_Palaeochamaelo jaekeli_ Weigelt, 1930;; _Gracilisaurus ottoi_ Weigelt, 1930; _Coelurosauravus jaekeli_ (Weigelt, 1930) Evans & Haubold, 1987] | --o †Rautiania Bulanov & Sennikov, 2006; U.Perm. EEu. | |-- †R. alexandri Bulanov & Sennikov, 2006 | -- †_R. minichi_ Bulanov & Sennikov, 2006 -- Sauria Gauthier, 1984 (uusmatelijat; modern diapsids)

| After Bever, Lyson, Field & Bhullar, 2015: <== Neodiapsida |-- †Hovasaurus `--+-- †Younginiformes `--+-- †Orovenator `--+-- †Claudiosaurus_ `--+-- †Kuehneosauridae `--o Sauria | --+--+-- †Trilophosaurus | | `-- †Rhynchosauria | `--+-- †Prolacerta | `-- Archosauriformes `--+--+-- Rhynchocephalia | `-- Squamata `--+-- †Acerosodontosaurus `--+--o Pan-Testudinata | | -- †_Eunotosaurus | `--+-- †Odontochelys_ | `-- †_Proganochelys `--+-- †Placodus_ `--+-- †_Sinosaurosphargis `-- †Eosauropterygia Reference(s): Bever, G. S., Lyson, T. R., Field, D. J. & Bhullar, B.-A. S., 2015: Evolutionary origin of the turtle skull.–Nature: **in press** [**doi: 10.1038/nature14900**] | After Motani, Jiang, Chen, Tintori, Rieppel, Ji & Huang, 2014: **<==**o Sauria |--+--+-- †Helveticosaurus_ | | `-- †Choristodera | `--o Lepidosauriformes | | -- †Coelurosauravus | `--+-- †_Sophineta | `--+--+-- †Pamelina_ | | `-- †Kuehneosauridae | `--+-- Rhynchocephalia | `-- Squamata `--+--+--+-- †Tanystropheus | | `-- †_Macrocnemus | `--+-- †Prolacerta_ | `--+-- †_Trilophosaurus | `--+-- †Rhynchosauria | `-- Archosauriformes `--+-- †Thalattosauriformes `--+-- †Wumengosaurus | -- †Ichthyosauromorpha `--o †Sauropterygia | --+-- †Largocephalosaurus_ | `-- †_Sinosaurosphargis `--+-- †Placodus_ | -- †Pachypleurosauroidea `--o †Eusauropterygia | -- †Nothosauroidea `-- †Pistosauroidea Reference(s): Motani, R., Jiang, D.-Y., Chen, G.-B., Tintori, A., Rieppel, O., Ji, C. & Huang, J.-D., 2014: A basal ichthyosauriform with a short snout from the Lower Triassic of China.–Nature: in press [**doi: 10.1038/nature13866**] | After Chen, Motani, Cheng, Jiang & Rieppel, 2014b: **<==**o Neodiapsida(?) |-- †Tangasaurus | --+-- †Acerosodontosaurus | `-- †_Hovasaurus | --+-- †Youngina | `-- †Thadeosaurus_ `--+-- †_Claudiosaurus `--+--+-- †Thalattosauriformes | `--+-- †Wumengosaurus | `--+-- †Ichthyopterygia | `--o †Hupehsauria | | -- †Nanchungosaurus | `-- †Hupehsuchus_ `--o Sauria | --o Archosauromorpha | | -- †Choristodera | `--+--+-- †Prolacerta | | `--+-- †_Tanystropheus | | `-- †Macrocnemus_ | `--+-- †_Trilophosaurus | `--+-- †Rhynchosauria | `-- Archosauriformes `--o Lepidosauromorpha | --o Lepidosauriformes | | -- †Helveticosaurus_ | `--+--+-- †_Pamelina | | `-- †Kuehneosauridae | `--+-- Rhynchocephalia | `-- Squamata `--o †Sauropterygia | --+-- †Largocephalosaurus | `-- †Sinosaurosphargis_ `--+-- †_Placodus `--+-- †Pachypleurosauroidea `--o †Eusauropterygia | -- †Nothosauroidea `-- †Pistosauroidea Reference(s): Chen, X.-h., Motani, R., Cheng, L., Jiang, D.-y. & Rieppel, O., 2014b: The Enigmatic Marine Reptile Nanchangosaurus_ from the Lower Triassic of Hubei, China and the Phylogenetic Affinities of Hupehsuchia.–Plos One: Vol. 9, #7, pp. e102361 (1-13) [**doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102361**] | | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------- | ------------------------ | ---------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | ------------------ | --------------------------------------------- | 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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | After Ezcurra, Scheyer & Butler, 2014: **<==**o Neodiapsida |-- †Coelurosauravus `--+--o †Younginiformes | | -- †_Acerosodontosaurus | `-- †Youngina_ `--o Sauria | --o Lepidosauromorpha | | -- †_Paliguana | | -- Rhychocephalia | `-- Squamata `--o Archosauromorpha | --o †Protorosauria s.s. | | --o †Protorosauridae | | | -- †Aenigmastropheus | | `-- †Protorosaurus_ | `--o †Tanystropheidae | | -- †_Tanystropheus | `-- †Macrocnemus_ `--+-- †_Trilophosaurus `--+--+-- †Noteosuchus_ | `-- †Rhynchosauria `--+-- †Prolacerta `-- Archosauriformes References: Ezcurra, M. D., Scheyer, T. M. & Butler, R. J., 2014: The Origin and Early Evolution of Sauria: Reassessing the Permian Saurian Fossil Record and the Timing of the Crocodile-Lizard Divergence.–Plos One: Vol. 9, #2, pp. e89165 [**doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089165**] | After Reisz, Modesto & Scott, 2011: **<==**o Neodiapsida |-- †_Orovenator `--+-- †Lanthanolania_ `--+--o †Tangasauridae Haughton, 1924 | | -- †_Tangasaurus | `--+-- †Hovasaurus_ | `-- †_Acerosodontosaurus `--+--o †Younginidae | | -- †Thadeosaurus_ | `-- †_Youngina `--+-- †Claudiosaurus_ `-- Sauria References: Reisz, R. R., Modesto, S. P. & Scott, D. M., 2011: A new Early Permian reptile and its significance in early diapsid evolution.–Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences: Vol. 278, #1725, pp. 3731-3737 [**doi: 10.1098/rspb.2011.0439**] | After Bickelmann, M�ller & Reisz, 2009 **<==**o Neodiapsida |-- †_Youngina | -- †Kenyasaurus | -- †Lanthanolania | -- †Thadeosaurus | -- †Galesphyrus `--+--+-- †Tangasaurus_ | `--+-- †_Hovasaurus | `-- †Acerosodontosaurus_ `--+-- †_Claudiosaurus `--+--+-- †Palaeagama_ | `-- †_Saurosternon `--+-- †Coelurosauravus_ `--o ?Sauria | --+-- †Thalattosauriformes | `-- †“Ichthyosauromorpha” `--+--o Lepidosauromorpha | | -- †Choristodera | `--+-- †Sauropterygia | `--+-- Testudinata | `--+-- †Kuehneosauridae | `-- Lepidosauriformes `--o Archosauromorpha | == †“Protorosauria” `--+-- †Trilophosauria `--+-- †Rhynchosauria `-- Archosauriformes References: Bickelmann, C., M�ller, J. & Reisz, R. R., 2009: The enigmatic diapsid Acerosodontosaurus piveteaui (Reptilia: Neodiapsida) from the Upper Permian of Madagascar and the paraphyly of “younginiform” reptiles.–Canadian Journal of Earth Sciencies: Vol. 46, pp. 651-661 [doi: 10.1139/E09-038] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | After Senter, 2004 **<==**o Diapsida |-- †_Petrolacosaurus kansensis `--o Eosuchia | --o †Avicephala | | --+-- †Longisquama_ | | `-- †_Coelurosauravus | `--o †Simiosauria | | -- **MCSNB 4751** | `--+-- †Hypuronector | `--o †Drepanosauridae | | -- †Drepanosaurus_ | `-- †_Megalancosaurus `--o Neodiapsida | -- †Youngina_ `--o Sauria | -- Lepidosauromorpha `--o Archosauromorpha | -- †Rhynchosauria `--+-- Archosauriformes `--o †Prolacertiformes | -- †Prolacerta `--o †Tanystropheidae | -- †_Tanystropheus `-- †Langobardisaurus_ References: Senter, P., 2004: Phylogeny of Drepanosauridae (Reptilia: Diapsida).–Journal of Systematic Palaeontology: Vol. 2, #3, pp. 257-268 | After M�ller, 2003 **<==**o Neodiapsida |-- †Younginiformes `--+-- †_Claudiosaurus `--+-- †Kuehneosauridae `--+-- †Coelurosauravus `--+--+-- †Thalattosauriformes | `-- †“Ichthyosauromorpha” `--o Sauria | --o Lepidosauromorpha | | -- †Choristodera | `--+-- †Sauropterygia | `--+-- Testudinata | `-- Lepidosauriformes `--o Archosauromorpha | -- †_Tanystropheus_ `--+-- †Trilophosauria `--+-- †_Prolacerta_ `--+-- †Rhynchosauria `-- Archosauriformes References: M�ller, J., 2003: Early loss and multiple return of the lower temporal arcade in diapsid reptiles.–Naturwissenschaften: Vol. 90, #10, pp. 473-476 [**doi: 10.1007/s00114-003-0461-0**] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

Reference(s):

• DeBraga, M. & Reisz, R. R., 1995: A new diapsid reptile from the uppermost Carboniferous (Stephanian) of Kansas.
  –Palaeontology: Vol. 38, #1, pp. 199 199-212
• Bulanov, V. V. & Sennikov, A. G., 2015: New data on the morphology of the Late Permian gliding reptile Coelurosauravus elivensis Piveteau.
  –Paleontological Journal: Vol. 49, #4, pp. 413-423 [**doi: 10.1134/S0031030115040048**]
• Bulanov, V. V. & Sennikov, A. G., 2010: New data on the morphology of permian gliding weigeltisaurid reptiles of Eastern Europe.
  –Paleontological Journal: Vol. 44, #6, pp. 682-694 [**doi: 10.1134/S0031030110060109**]
• Bulanov, V. V. & Sennikov, A. G., 2006: The first gliding reptiles from the upper Permian of Russia.
  –Paleontological Journal: Vol. 40, #5, pp. S567-S570 [**doi: 10.1134/S0031030106110037**]
• Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
  –W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698.
• Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648.
  in Carroll, R. L. 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
  –W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698
• Colbert, E. H. & Olsen, P. E., 2001: A new and unusual aquatic reptile from the Lockatong Formation of New Jersey (Late Triassic, Newark Supergroup).
  –American Museum Novitates: #3334, pp. 1-24
• Frey, E., Sues, H.-D. & Munk, W., 1997: Gliding mechanism in the Late Permian reptile Coelurosauravus.
  –Science: Vol. 275, #5305, pp. 1450-1452 [**doi: 10.1126/science.275.5305.1450**]
• Gao, K. & Fox, C., 1998: New choristoderes (Reptilia: Diapsida) from the Upper Cretaceous and Palaeocene, Alberta and Saskatchewan, Canada, and phylogenetic relationships of Choristodera.
  –Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society: vol. 124, #4, pp. 303-353
• Gow, C. E., 1999: The Triassic reptile Palacrodon browni Broom, synonymy and a new speciment.
  –Paleontologica Africana: Vol. 35, pp. 21-23
• Harris, J. D. & Downs, A., 2002: A drepanosaurid pectoral girdle from the Ghost Ranch (Whitaker) Coelophysis quarry (Chinle Group, Rock Point Formation, Rhaetian), New Mexico.
  –Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 22, #1, pp. 70-75
• Motani, R., 2000: Is Omphalosaurus ichthyopterygian? - A phylogenetic perspective.
  –Journal Of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 20, #2, pp. 295-301
• Renesto, S., 1994: Megalancosaurus, a possibly arboreal archosauromorph (Reptilia) from the Upper Triassic of northern Italy.
  –Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 14, #1, pp. 38-52
• Santer, P. M. & Faber, C., 2003: The marine reptile Omphalosaurus: osteology, jaw anatomy, and evidence for ichthyosaurian affinities.
  –Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 23, #4, pp. 799-816
• Senter, P., 2004: Phylogeny of Drepanosauridae (Reptilia: Diapsida).
  –Journal of Systematic Palaeontology: Vol. 2, #3, pp. 257-268