†Ichthyosauria (original) (raw)

After Motani, 1998, 1999, and Nicholls & Manabe, 2001

**<==o †Ichthyosauria Blainville, 1835 |?- †Mikadocephalus gracilirostris Maisch & Matzke, 1997 |?- †"Shastasaurus"? neubigi Sander, 1997 |?- †Wimanius odontopalatus Maisch & Matzke, 1998a |?- †Xinminosaurus catactes Jiang, Motani, Hao, Schmitz, Rieppel, Y. Sun & Z. Sun, 2008 |--o †Cymbospondylus Leidy, 1868 sensu Motani, 1999 | |?- †C. grandis Leidy, 1868 [synon. to C. petrinus??] | |?- ?†C. piscosus Leidy, 1868 [synon. to C. petrinus??] | |?- ?†C. natans Leidy, 1868 [nomen dubium??] | |?- †C. nevadanus Leidy, 1868 [synon. to C. petrinus??] | |?- ?†C. germanicus v. Huene, 1916 [nomen dubium??] | |-- †C. parvus v. Huene, 1916 [synon. to C. petrinus??] | |-- †C. petrinus Leidy, 1868 | -- †_C. buchseri_ Sander, 1989 --+--o †Mixosauridae Baur, 1887 sensu Motani, 1999 [Mixosauria:] | |-- †Phalarodon fraasi Merriam, 1910 [Mixosaurus fraasi Nicholls et al., 1999; Maisch & Matzke, 2000; Schmitz et al., 2004] [incl.? Ichthyosaurus nordenskioeldii Hulke, 1873; Mixosaurus nordenskioeldii (Hulke) Dames, 1895 (nomen dubium); Mixosaurus natans] | --o †_Mixosaurus_ Baur, 1887 [**[taxonomic history](history%5FMixosaurus.html)**] | |-- †_M. atavus_ (Quenstedt, 1852) [**[taxonomic history](history%5FMixosaurus.html)**] | |-- †_M. callawayi_ Schmitz et al., 2004 | |-- †_M. panxianensis_ Jiang, Schmitz, Hao & Sun, 2006 | --+-- †M. cornalianus Bassani [**taxonomic history] | -- †_M. kuhnschnyderi_ --o †Merriamosauria Motani, 1999 ["Last common ancester of Metashastasaurus [Shastasaurus] neoscapularis and Platypterygius"] |-- †Euichthyosauria Motani, 1999 --+?- †_Mixosaurus_ Baur, 1887 _sensu_ Nicholls & Manabe, 2001 --+?- †Cymbospondylus Leidy, 1868 sensu Nicholls & Manabe, 2001 --+?- †_Thalassoarchon saurophagus_ Fr�bisch, Fr�bisch, Sander, Schmitz & Rieppel, 2013; M.Trias. SWNAm. --o †Shastasauridae Merriam, 1902 [Shastasauria Motani, 1999] |?-o †Pessosaurus Wiman, 1910 | |-- †P. polaris Wiman, 1910 | -- †_P. suevicus_ Huene, 1916 |?-o †_Pessopteryx_ Wiman, 1910 | |-- †_P. nisseri_ Wiman, 1910 | -- †P. pinguis Wiman 1910 |-- †Besanosaurus leptorhynchus Dal Sasso & Pinna, 1996 [Besanosaurinae] --o †Shastasaurinae Merriam, 1908 |?- †_Himalayasaurus tibetensis_ Dong, 1972 |--o †_Shastasaurus_ Merriam, 1895 | |-- †_S. alexandrae_ Merriam, 1902 | |-- †_S. osmonti_ Merriam, 1902 | |-- †_S. pacificus_ Merriam, 1895 [_nomen dubium_ _sensu_ Nicholls & Manabe, 2001] | |-- †_S. sikanniensis_ (Nicholls & Manabe, 2004) Sander, Chen, Cheng & Wang, 2011 | -- †S. liangae (Yin in Yin, Zhou, Cao, Yu & Luo, 2000) Sander, Chen, Cheng & Wang, 2011 [Guanlingsaurus liangae Yin in Yin, Zhou, Cao, Yu & Luo, 2000] --+-- †_Callawayia neoscapularis_ (McGowan, 1994) Maisch & Matzke, 2000 [_Shastasaurus neoscapularis_ McGowan, 1994; _Metashastasaurus neoscapularis_ (McGowan, 1994) Nicholls & Manabe, 2001] [**Note:** _Callawayia_ Maisch & Matzke, 2000 is considered as a unethical naming, see Nicholls & Manabe, 2001 [ICZN App. A.]] --o †Shonisaurus Camp, 1976 |-- †S. popularis Camp, 1976 `?- †S. sikanniensis Nicholls & Manabe, 2004

| After Motani, Jiang, Chen, Tintori, Rieppel, Ji & Huang, 2014 (C. Ji et al., in prep.) **<==**o †Ichthyosauria |--o †Cymbospondylidae | | -- †Xinminosaurus | `--o †Cymbospondylus_ | | -- †C. petrinus | `--+-- †_C. buchseri | `-- †C. nichollsi_ `--+--o †Mixosauridae | | -- †_Mixosaurus | `-- †Phalarodon_ `--+--o †Shastasauria | | -- †_Besanosaurus | `--+-- †Guizhouichthyosaurus_ | `--+-- †_Callawayia wolonggangensis | `--+-- †Shastasaurus_ | `--+-- †_Guanlingsaurus | `-- †Shonisaurus_ `--o †Euichthyosauria | -- †_Californosaurus `--+-- †Callawayia neoscapularis_ `--+--+-- †_Toretocnemus | `-- †Qianichthyosaurus_ `--+-- †_Macgovania `--+-- †Hudsonelpidia_ `--+--+-- †_Temnodontosaurus | `--+-- †Leptonectes_ | `--+-- †_Excalibosaurus | `-- †Eurhinosaurus_ `--+-- †_Suevoleviathan `--+-- †Ichthyosaurus_ `--+-- †_Stenopterygius `--+-- †Maiaspondylus_ `--+-- †_Arthropterygius `--+-- †Platypterygius_ `--+--+-- †_Athabascasaurus | `-- †Caypullisaurus_ `--+--+-- †_Acamptonectes | `-- †Ophthalmosaurus_ `--+-- †_Sveltonectes `--+-- †Aegirosaurus_ `-- †_Brachypterygius Reference(s): Motani, R., Jiang, D.-Y., Chen, G.-B., Tintori, A., Rieppel, O., Ji, C. & Huang, J.-D., 2014: A basal ichthyosauriform with a short snout from the Lower Triassic of China.–Nature: in press [**doi: 10.1038/nature13866**] | After Fr�bisch, Fr�bisch, Sander, Schmitz & Rieppel, 2013 **<==**o †Ichthyosauria |-- †Parvinatator `--+-- †Utatsusaurus_ `--o †Eoichthyosauria | --o †Grippidae | | -- †_Grippia | `-- †Chaohusaurus_ `--+--o †Mixosauridae | | -- †_Mixosaurus | `-- †Phalarodon_ `--o †Merriamosauria? | -- †_Cymbospondylus buchseri `--+-- †Cymbospondylus piscosus_ `--+--+-- †_Californosaurus | `-- †Toretocnemus_ `--+-- †_Besanosaurus `--+-- †Thalassoarchon_ `--+--o †Shastasauridae | | -- †_Shonisaurus | `-- †Shastasaurus_ `--o †Euichthyosauria? | -- †_Guizhouichthyosaurus `--o †Parvipelvia? | -- †Callawayia_ `--+-- †_Hudsonelpidia `--+-- †Suevoleviathan_ `--+--+-- †_Temnodontosaurus | `--o †Eurhinosauridae | | -- †Leptonectes_ | `--+-- †_Excalibosaurus | `-- †Eurhinosaurus_ `--+-- †_Macgovania `--+-- †Stenopterygius_ `--+-- †_Ichthyosaurus `--o †Ophthalmosauria | -- †Brachypterygius_ `--+-- †_Ophthalmosaurus `--+-- †Caypullisaurus_ `-- †_Platypterygius | After Sander, Chen, Cheng & Wang, 2011 (matrix based on Motani, 1999c) **<==**o †Ichthyosauria |-- †Parvinatator | -- †Utatsusaurus `--o †Eoichthyosauria | --o †Grippidae | | -- †Grippia_ | `-- †_Chaohusaurus `--+--+-- †Cymbospondylus petrinus_ | `-- †_Cymbospondylus buchseri `--+--o †Mixosauridae | | -- †Mixosaurus_ | `-- †_Phalarodon `--o †Merriamosauria | -- †Californosaurus_ | -- †Toretocnemus | -- †Besanosaurus `--+-- †_Shonisaurus popularis `--+--o †Shastasaurus_ | | -- †S. sikanniensis | `--+-- †_S. liangae | `-- †S. pacificus_ `--o †Parvipelvia | -- †_Guizhouichthyosaurus `--+-- †Callawayia_ `--+-- †_Hudsonelpidia `-- derivied Parvipelvia | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 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