Testudinata (original) (raw)
After Meylan & Ganko, 1988 [from Meylan & Ganko, 1997, and Meylan, 2001] and Anquetin, Barrett, Jones, Moore-Fay & Evans, 2009 (fig. 3d)
**<==**o Chelonia Macartney, 1802 (turtles; kilpikonnat) [alternative phylogenetic position after Rieppel & deBraga, 1996]
|-- †Pappochelys rosinae Schoch & Sues, 2015; M.Trias. CEu.
--+-- †_Eorhynchochelys sinensis_ Li, Fraser, Rieppel & Wu, 2018; L.Trias. SAs. --+-- †Odontochelys semitestacea Li, Wu, Rieppel, Wang & Zhao, 2008; L.Trias. SAs.
--+-- †_Australochelys africanus_ Gaffney & Kitching, 1994 [Australochelidae _sensu_ Lee, 1997] --o Rhaptochelydia Gaffney & Kitching, 1994 [Testudines Linnaeus, 1758 [non Batsch, 1788] sensu Lee, 1996]
|-- †Chinlechelys tenertesta Joyce, Lucas, Scheyer, Heckert & Hunt, 2009; L.Trias. WNAm.
|-- †Proganochelys quenstedtii Baur, 1887; L.Trias. CEu. [Chelytherium; Psammochelys; Stegochelys; Triassochelys] [Proganochelydia: Proganochelyidae]
|?-o †Proterochersidae Nopcsa, 1923a sensu Szczygielski & Sulej, 2016
| |-- †Keuperotesta limendorsa Szczygielski & Sulej, 2016
| --o †_Proterochersis_ Fraas, 1913 [_Murrhardtia_ Karl & Tichy, 2000] | |-- †_P. robusta_ Fraas, 1913 [_Proterochersis intermedia_ Fraas, 1913; _Murrhardtia staeschei_ Karl & Tichy, 2000] | -- †P. porebensis Szczygielski & Sulej, 2016
--+?- †_Palaeochersis talampayensis_ Rougier, de la Fuente & Arcucci, 1995; L.Trias. SAm. |?- †_Condorchelys antiqua_ Sterli, 2008; M.Jur., SSAm. |?-+-- †_Eileanchelys waldmanni_ Anquetin, Barrett, Jones, Moore-Fay & Evans, 2009; M.Jur. WEu. | -- †Hackerochelys romani
--o Casichelyidia Gaffney, 1975 [Testudinata Klein, _in_ Behn, 1760 (_non_ Linnaeus, 1758) _sensu_ Lee, 1997; Testudines Treviranus, 1802] (recent turtles; nykykilpikonnat) |-- [Pleurodira](pleurodira/pleurodira.html) Cope, 1864 (_fide_ Gaffney & Maylan, 1988) [Pan-Pleurodira Joyce, Parham & Gauthier, 2004] (side-necked turtles; sivutaivuttajat) -- Cryptodira Dumeril & Bibron, 1835 [non Cope, 1871] [Pan-Cryptodira Joyce, Parham & Gauthier, 2004; Cryptodiramorpha Lee, 1995 sensu Parham & Hutchison, 2003] (cryptodires; pystytaivuttajat)
Testudinata incertae sedis:
†_Chitracephalus dumonii_ Dollo, 1884
†_Neusticemys neuquina_ Fernandez & de la Fuente,, 1988
†_Scutemys appalanata_ Wiman, 1930 [_Scutemys tecta_ Wiman, 1930]
†_Tacuarembemys kusterae_ Perea, Soto, Sterli, Mesa, Tori�o, Roland, & Da Silva, 2014
†Chelycarapookidae Warren, 1969
†_Chelycarapookus arcuatus_ Warren, 1969Alternative phylogenies of basal turtles:
| After Szczygielski & Sulej, 2016 **<==**o Testudinata |-- †Odontochelys `--+--o †Proterochersidae | -- †Keuperotesta | `-- †Proterochersis_ `--+-- †_Proganochelys `--+-- †Australochelys_ `--+-- †_Palaeochersis `--+-- †_Kayentachelys_ `-- “Post-Early Jurassic turtles” Reference(s): Szczygielski, T. & Sulej, T., 2016: Revision of the Triassic European turtles Proterochersis and Murrhardtia (Reptilia, Testudinata, Proterochersidae), with the description of new taxa from Poland and Germany.–Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society: Vol. 177, #2, pp. 395-427 [**doi: 10.1111/zoj.12374**] | After Rabi, Zhou, Wings, Ge & Joyce, 2013 **<==**o Testudinata |-- †Odontochelys `--+-- †Proganochelys_ `--+--+-- †_Australochelys | `-- †Palaeochersis_ `--+-- †_Proterochersis `--+-- †Indochelys | -- †Condorchelys | -- †Kayentachelys `--+-- †Heckerochelys_ `--+-- †_Eileanchelys `--+-- †Meiolaniformes `--+-- †Changyuchelys `--+-- †Paracryptodira `--+-- †Xinjiangchelys `--+-- †Basilochelys_ `--+-- †_Sinemys `--+-- †Ordosemys_ `--+-- †_Dracochelys `--+-- Judithemys | -- Hangaiemys `--o Testudines | -- Pleurodira `-- Cryptodira s.s. Reference(s): Rabi, M., Zhou, C.-F., Wings, O., Ge, S. & Joyce, W., 2013: A new xinjiangchelyid turtle from the Middle Jurassic of Xinjiang, China and the evolution of the basipterygoid process in Mesozoic turtles.–BMC Evolutionary Biology: Vol. 13, #1, pp. (1-29) [**doi: 10.1186/1471-2148-13-203**] | After Joyce, Lucas, Scheyer, Heckert & Hunt, 2009 (fig. 3) **<==**o Testudinata |-- †Chinlechelys | -- †Proganochelys `--+-- †Palaeochersis | -- †Australochelys `--+-- †Proterochersis_ `--+-- †_Kayentachelys `--+-- †_Mongolochelys_ `--o Testudines | -- Pleurodira `-- Cryptodira | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| After Anquetin, Barrett, Jones, Moore-Fay & Evans, 2009 (fig. 3d) **<==**o Testudinata |-- †Proganochelys `--+-- †Palaeochersis_ `--+-- †_Australochelys `--+-- †Proterochersis_ `--+-- †_Kayentachelys `--+?- †Condorchelys antiqua | --+-- †Eileanchelys | `-- †Heckerochelys_ `--+--+-- †_Mongolochelys | `-- †Meiolania_ `--+-- †_Kallokibotion `--o Testudines | -- Pleurodira `-- Cryptodira | After Li, Wu, Rieppel, Wang & Zhao, 2008 **<==**o Testudinata |-- †Odontochelys `--+-- †Proganochelys_ `--+-- †_Palaeochersis | -- †Proterochersis `--o Testudines | -- Pleurodira `-- Cryptodira | After Sterli, 2008 **<==**o Testudinata |-- †Proganochelys [Proganchelys Sterli, 2008 (lapsus calami)] `--+--+-- †Palaeochersis | `-- †Australochelys_ `--+-- †_Proterochersis `--+-- †Kayentachelys | -- †Condorchelys | -- †Indochelys `--+-- †Heckerochelys_ `--+--+-- †_Mongolochelys | `-- †Meiolania_ `--+-- †_Kallokibotion `--o Testudines | -- Pleurodira `-- Cryptodira |
| After Rougier, de la Fuente & Arcucci, 1995 **<==**o Testudines |-- †Proganochelys `--+--o †Australochelidae | -- †Palaeochersis | `-- †_Australochelys_ `--o Rhaptochelydia | -- †Proterochersis `--o Casichelyidia | -- Pleurodira `--o Cryptodira | -- †Kayentachelys `-- Selmacryptodira | After Gaffney & Kitching, 1994(?) **<==**o Chelonia |--o †Australochelidae | `-- †_Australochelys_ `--o Rhaptochelydia | --o †Proganochelydia | `--o †Proganochelyidae | `-- †_Proganochelys_ `--o Casichelyidia | -- Pleurodira `-- Cryptodira |
Reference(s):
- Anquetin, J., Barrett, P. M., Jones, M. E. H., Moore-Fay, S. & Evans, S. E., 2009: A new stem turtle from the Middle Jurassic of Scotland: new insights into the evolution and palaeoecology of basal turtles.
–Proceedings of the Royal Society of London: Biological series: Vol. 276, pp. 879-886 [doi: 10.1098/rspb.2008.1429] - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698 - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648.
in Carroll, R. L. 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698 - Joyce, W. G., Lucas, S. G., Scheyer, T. M., Heckert, A. B. & Hunt, A. P., 2009: A thin-shelled reptile from the Late Triassic of North America and the origin of the turtle shell.
–Proceedings of the Royal Society of London: Biological series: Vol. 276, pp. 507-513 [doi: 10.1098/rspb.2008.1196] - Lee, M. S. Y., 1993: The origin of the turtle body plan: Bridging a famous morphological gap.
–Science: Vol. 261, 24 September, 1716-1720 - Lee, M. S. Y., 1996: Correlated progression and the origin of turtles.
–Nature: Vol. 379, 29 February, pp. 812-815 - Lee, M. S. Y., 1997: Pareiasaur phylogeny and the origin of turtles.
–Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society: Vol. 120, pp. 197-280 - Li, C., Fraser, N. C., Rieppel, O. & Wu, X.-C., 2018: A Triassic stem turtle with an edentulous beak.
–Nature: Vol. 560, #7719, pp. 476-479 [**doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0419-1**] - Li, C., Wu, X.-C., Rieppel, O. C., Wang, L.-T. & Zhao, L.-J., 2008: An ancestral turtle from the Late Triassic of southwestern China.
–Nature: Vol. 456, pp. 497-501 [doi: 10.1038/nature07533] - Meylan, P. A., 2001–: Testudines – Turtles, tortoises and terrapins.
–iNet: The Tree of Life Project: http://www.tolweb.org/tree?group=Testudines&contgroup=Amniota - Meylan, P. A. & Ganko, E., 1997: Higher Relationships of Testunides – The extinct and living turtles.
–iNet: The Tree of Life Project: [not available] - Meylan, P. A. & Ganko, E., 1997: †Kayentachelys.
–iNet: The Tree of Life Project: [not available] - Perea, D., Soto, M., Sterli, J., Mesa, V., Tori�o, P., Roland, G. & Da Silva, J., 2014: Tacuarembemys kusterae, gen. et sp. nov., a new Late Jurassic�?earliest Cretaceous continental turtle from western Gondwana.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 34, #6, pp. 1329-1341 [**doi: 10.1080/02724634.2014.859620**] - Rabi, M., Zhou, C.-F., Wings, O., Ge, S. & Joyce, W., 2013: A new xinjiangchelyid turtle from the Middle Jurassic of Xinjiang, China and the evolution of the basipterygoid process in Mesozoic turtles.
–BMC Evolutionary Biology: Vol. 13, #1, pp. (1-29) [**doi: 10.1186/1471-2148-13-203**] - Rougier, G. W., de la Fuente, M. S. & Arcucci, A. B., 1995: Late Triassic Turtles from South America.
–Science: Vol. 268, #5212, pp. 855-858 [**doi: 10.1126/science.268.5212.855**] - Schoch, R. R. & Sues, H.-D., 2015: A Middle Triassic stem-turtle and the evolution of the turtle body plan.
–Nature: in press [**doi: 10.1038/nature14472**] - Sterli, J., 2008: A new, nearly complete stem turtle from the Jurassic of South America with implications for turtle evolution.
–Biology Letters: Vol. 2008, #4, pp. 286-289 [doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2008.0022] - Sterli, J. & de la Fuente, M. S., 2010: Anatomy of Condorchelys antiqua Sterli, 2008, and the Origin of the Modern Jaw Closure Mechanism in Turtles.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 30, #2, pp. 351-366 [**doi: 10.1080/02724631003617597**] - Sterli, J. & Joyce, W. G., 2007: The cranial anatomy of the Early Jurassic turtle Kayentachelys aprix.
–Acta Palaeontologica Polonica: Vol. 52 #4, pp. 675-694 - Sukhanov, V. R., 2000: Mesozoic turtles of Middle and Central Asia. 309-367
in Benton, M. J., Shishkin, M. A., Unvin, D. M. & Kurochkin, E. N., (eds.) 2000: The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia.
–Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000, xxxix-696 - Szczygielski, T. & Sulej, T., 2016: Revision of the Triassic European turtles Proterochersis and Murrhardtia (Reptilia, Testudinata, Proterochersidae), with the description of new taxa from Poland and Germany.
–Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society: Vol. 177, #2, pp. 395-427 [**doi: 10.1111/zoj.12374**]