Phocidae (original) (raw)

After McKenna & Bell, 1997, Cozzuol, 2001, Berta & Churchill, 2012, and Amson & de Muizon, 2013; with recent species from Nowak, 1991

**<==**o Phocidae Gray, 1821 (true seals; hylkeet) |?- †“Prophoca_” rousseaui (Van Beneden 1876) [=? Monotherium rousseaui van Beneden, 1876] |?- †_Prophoca proxima Van Beneden, 1876 |?- †Necromites nestoris Bogachev, 1940 |?- †Palaeophoca nystii Van Beneden 1859 [a sperm whale?] |?- †Miophoca vetusta Zapfe, 1937 |?- †Sarmatonectes sintsovi Koretsky, 2001 |-- †Devinophoca claytoni Koretsky, 2001; M.Mioc. EEu. **==**o Monachinae Gray, 1869 [_non_? Gray, 1821] (monk seals; munkkihylkeensukuiset) |--o Monarchini Gray, 1869 (munkkihylkeet) | |-- †_Palmidophoca callirhoe_ Ginsburg & Janvier, 1975 | |-- †_Monachopsis pontica_ Kretzoi, 1941 | |--o †_Pristiphoca_ Gervais, 1853 | | |-- †_P. occitana_ Gervais, 1852 | | -- †P. rugidens (Meyer, 1845) [Monachus (Pristiphoca) rugidens Meyer, 1845; Trouessart 1898] | |-- †Properiptychus argentinus (Ameghino, 1897) Koretsky 2001 [Periptychus argentinus Ameghino, 1897] | |-- †Messiphoca mauretanica de Muizon, 1981 | |-- †Callophoca obscura Van Beneden, 1876 [Mesotaria ambigua] | |-- †Pliophoca etrusca Tavani, 1941 | --+--o †_Pontophoca_ Kretzoi, 1941 | | |-- †_P. sarmatica_ (Alekseev 1924) [_Phoca sarmatica_ Alekseev, 1924] | | -- †P. simionescui Kretzoi, 1941 | --o _Monachus_ Fleming, 1822 (monk seals; munkkihylkeet) | |-- _M. schauinslandi_ Matschie, 1905 (Hawaiian monk seal; havaijinmunkkihylje) | |-- †_M. tropicalis_ (Gray, 1850) [_Phoca tropicalis_ Gray, 1850] (Caribbean monk seal, West Indian seal, sea wolf; floridanmunkkihylje) [last seen in 1952, declared extinct 2008] | -- M. monachus (Hermann, 1779) (Mediterranean monk seal; munkkihylje) --+--o _Mirounga_ Gray, 1827 (Elephant seals; merinorsut, norsuhylkeet) | |-- _M. angustirostris_ (Gill, 1866) (Northern elephant seal; pohjanmerinorsu) | -- M. leonina (Linnaeus, 1758) (Southern elephant seal; etelänmerinorsu) --+--o Lobodontini Gray, 1869 (etelänhylkeet) | |?-o †_Monotherium_ van Beneden, 1876 | | |?- †_M._? _wymani_ (Leidy, 1853) | | |?- †_M. affine_ van Beneden, 1876 | | |?- †_M. rousseaui_ van Beneden, 1876 | | |-- †_M. aberratum_ van Beneden, 1876 | | |-- †_M. gaudini_ (Guiscardi 1870) [_Monachus_ (_Pristiphoca_) _gaudini_, _Phoca gaudini_] | | -- †M. delognii van Beneden, 1876 [type] | |-- †Hadrokirus martini Amson & de Muizon, 2013 | |--+-- Lobodon carcinophagus (Hombron & Jacquinot, 1842) Gray, 1844 (Crabeater seal; krillihylje) | | -- _Hydrurga leptonyx_ (Blainville, 1820) Gistel, 1848 (sea leopard; merileopardi) | --+-- Ommatophoca rossi (Gray, 1844) (Ross' seal; rossinhylje) | -- _Leptonychotes weddellii_ (Lesson, 1826) Gill, 1872 (Weddell seal; weddellinhylje) --+-- †Acrophoca longirostris --+-- †_Piscophoca pacifica_ --+-- †Homiphoca capensis Hendey & Repenning, 1972 `-- Phocinae Gray, 1821 (pohjanhylkeet)

After Amson & de Muizon, 2013

**<==**o Phocidae |-- Phocinae --o Monachinae |--o Monarchini | |-- †_Pliophoca etrusca_ | -- Monachus monachus --+--+-- †_Callophoca obscura_ | -- Mirounga leonina --o Lobodontini_Homiphoca capensis_ | --+-- †Piscophoca pacifica | -- †_Hadrokirus martini_ --+-- †Acrophoca longirostris --+--+-- _Leptonychotes weddellii_ | -- Ommatophoca rossi --+-- _Lobodon carcinophagus_ -- Hydrurga leptonyx

Reference(s):

• Amson, E. & de Muizon, C., 2013: A new durophagous phocid (Mammalia: Carnivora) from the late Neogene of Peru and considerations on monachine seals phylogeny.
  –Journal of Systematic Palaeontology: Vol. 12, #5, pp. 523-548 [**doi: 10.1080/14772019.2013.799610**]

Reference(s):

• Amson, E. & de Muizon, C., 2013: A new durophagous phocid (Mammalia: Carnivora) from the late Neogene of Peru and considerations on monachine seals phylogeny.
  –Journal of Systematic Palaeontology: Vol. 12, #5, pp. 523-548 [**doi: 10.1080/14772019.2013.799610**]
• Berta, A. & Churchill, M., 2012: Pinniped taxonomy: review of currently recognized species and subspecies, and evidence used for their description.
  –Mammal Review: Vol. 42, #3, pp. 207-234 [**doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2907.2011.00193.x**]
• Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
  –W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698.
• Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648.
  in Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
  –W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698.
• Cozzuol, M. A., 2001: A "northern" seal from the Miocene of Argentina: Implications for phocid phylogeny and biogeography. –Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 2001, #3, pp. 415-421
• Koretsky, I. A. & Barnes, L. G., 2006: Pinniped evolutionary history and paleobiography. 143-153
  in Csiki, Z., (eds.) 2006: Mesozoic and Cenozoic vertebrates and paleoenviroments – Tributes to the career of Dan Grigorescu.
  –Romanian Society of Paleontologists, Bucharest, 2006
• McKenna, M. C. & Bell, S. K., (eds.) 1997: Classification of mammals – above the species level.
  –Columbia University Press, New York, 1997, xii-631
• Nowak, R. M., 1991: Walker's Mammals of the World; Part 1.
  –The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, 1991, xlviii-642-lxiii
• Nowak, R. M., 1991: Walker's mammals of the World; Part 2.
  –The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, 1991, xii-643-1629