Kingdoms of Germany - Baden (original) (raw)

Baden Baden was a minor margraviate which emerged in lower western Germany during the general political collapse which began in the eleventh century. Much of its territory had previously been within[Swabia](GermanySwabia.htm#Dukes of Swabia), and before that it had been occupied by Celtic and Germanic tribes such as the Latobrigi and Tulingi.
Margraves of Baden AD 1064 - 1536 The margraviate of Baden was formed in eastern central [Swabia](GermanySwabia.htm#Dukes of Swabia) during the general political collapse in Germany which dominated the eleventh century and became far more serious during the twelfth century. The rebellion by Rudolf of Rheinfelden became known as the Great Saxon Revolt, with him being succeeded in his opposition against Emperor Henry IV by Berthold I of Rheinfelden (rival duke of Swabia), Hermann of Luxemburg, and Conrad of Franconia.
1064 - 1073 Herman I Son of Berthold I of Zähringen. d.1074.
1073 - 1130 Herman II Son. Created Margrave in 1112.
1130 - 1160 Herman III
1151 Despite being a firm supporter of Holy Roman Emperor Conrad III, Duke Henry V of [Carinthia](EasternCarinthia.htm#Duchy Spontheims) loses the margraviate of Verona to his own uncle, Herman III of Baden. Perhaps this is fortunate as, in 1164, the most important of the Veronese cities band together into the Veronese League to counteract the Italian policies of the emperor's nephew, Duke Frederick Barbarossa of [Swabia](GermanySwabia.htm#Dukes of Swabia).
1160 - 1190 Herman IV
1190 - 1243 Herman V
1243 - 1250 Herman VI Became Herman, Duke of [Austria](GermanyAustria.htm#Zahringen Margraves) (1248-1250).
1250 - 1268 Frederick I Executed.
1268 Conradin of[Swabia](GermanySwabia.htm#Dukes of Swabia) assembles a multinational army in [Italy](ItalyKingdom.htm#Lords of Milan), determined to secure his own claim to Sicily in opposition to Charles I of Anjou. He is ably assisted by Frederick I of Baden, but the pair are defeated at Tagliacozzo, and both are soon arrested. Conradin of Swabia and Friedrich of Baden awaiting sentence This oil on canvas depicts Conradin awaiting sentence along with his ally, Frederick of Baden, as depicted by Johann Heinrich Tischbein, 1785
1243 - 1288 Rudolf I
1288 - 1295 Rudolf II
1288 - 1297 Hesso
1297 - 1335 Rudolf Hesso
1313 With the death of John Parricide, any claim to the former[Swabian](GermanySwabia.htm#Dukes of Swabia) duchy dies with him. Large areas of its territory have already gone to the established county of[Württemberg](GermanyWurttemberg.htm#County of Wurttemberg) and the margraviate of Baden. Territory formerly belonging to the Alemanni people also later forms parts of[Austria](GermanyAustria.htm#Habsburg Margraves) (Vorarlberg),France (Alsace) and Switzerland, as well as the Bavarian Swabia region of[ Bavaria](GermanyBavarians.htm#Duchy of Bavaria %28Wittelsbachs%29).
1288 - 1332 Rudolf III
1288 - 1291 Herman VII
1291 - 1333 Frederick II
1333 - 1353 Herman VIII
1291 - 1348 Rudolf IV
1348 - 1361 Rudolf V
1348 - 1353 Frederick III
1353 - 1372 Rudolf VI
1372 - 1391 Rudolf VII
1372 - 1431 Bernard I
1431 - 1453 James I
1437 The titular seat of the county of Spanheim, which is located in Rhenish Franconia, now falls vacant following the death of the last male member of the family. With that, the title passes through the female line to become part of the duchy of Baden. (A senior branch of the family had also supplied several dukes to[Carinthia](EasternCarinthia.htm#Duchy Spontheims) until 1279.)
1453 - 1454 George
1453 - 1458 Bernard II
1453 - 1475 Charles I
1475 - 1515 Christopher I Died 1527.
1515 - 1533 Philip I
1515 - 1535 Bernard III Became margrave of Baden-Baden.
1515 - 1535 Ernest Became margrave of Baden-Durlach.
1536 The margraviate is divided, forming Baden-Durlach and Baden-Baden.
Margraves of Baden-Baden AD 1535 - 1771
1535 - 1536 Bernard III Former margrave of Baden.
1536 - 1556 Christopher II Died 1575.
1536 - 1569 Philibert
1569 - 1588 Philip II
1588 - 1594 Edward Fortunatus Died 1600.
1594 - 1622 Interregnum. The margraviate is probably ruled by Baden-Durlach. Map of German states AD 1560 Introduced in 1560, the system of imperial states replaced the now-outdated feudal system, with an imperial circle ('reichskreis') being a regional grouping of the imperial states (click or tap on map to view full sized)
1622 - 1677 William
1677 - 1707 Louis William
1686 Louis William's forces form part of the Imperial Army which defeats the Ottomans in Hungary.
1707 - 1761 Louis George
1761 - 1771 Augustus George
1771 Augustus has no heir, so the title of Baden-Baden falls to the margraves of Baden-Durlach, and the divided territory is reunited.
Margraves of Baden-Durlach AD 1535 - 1806
1535 - 1552 Ernest Former margrave of Baden.
1552 - 1553 Bernard IV
1552 - 1577 Charles II
1577 - 1590 Ernest-Frederick
1577 - 1590 James III
1590 - 1591 Ernest James
1577 - 1622 George Frederick Died 1638.
1622 - 1659 Frederick V
1659 - 1677 Frederick VI
1677 - 1709 Frederick VII
1709 - 1738 Charles III William
1738 - 1806 Karl Friedrich Elector (1803).
1751 Frederick king of Sweden dies without having produced an heir. In his landgraviate of Hessen-Kassel he is succeeded by his brother, William VIII. Sweden elects Adolphus Frederick, son of Christian August of Holstein-Gottorp and Margravine Albertina Frederica of Baden-Durlach (daughter of Frederick VII). Despite the instigation of the Russo-Swedish War by parliament and the country's humiliating defeat, the Swedish monarchy still has little real power, with the result that Adolphus Frederick is a weak ruler.
1771 Augustus of Baden-Baden has no heir, so the title falls to the margraves of Baden-Durlach.
1806 Baden-Durlach is raised to a [Grand Duchy](#Grand Duchy) by Napoleon I of [France](FranceFranks.htm#First Empire).
Grand Dukes of Baden AD 1806 - 1918 (Additional information from The First World War, John Keegan (Vintage Books, 2000).)
1806 - 1811 Karl Friedrich Formerly margrave.
1811 - 1819 Karl Ludwig
1818 - 1830 Ludwig I
1830 - 1852 Leopold
1852 - 1856 Ludwig II
1856 - 1907 Friedrich I
1871 Baden becomes a part of the Prussian German empire. Map of Confederation of German States AD 1815 Following the defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte 1814, the Congress of Vienna took on board much of his vital restructuring of the German principalities, with the result that a map of the new Confederation of German States in 1815-1817 looked very different to maps of the previous century (click or tap on map to view full sized)
1907 - 1918 Friedrich II Died 1928.
1918 All German monarchies are abolished upon the defeat of the German empire in the First World War. Baden is recreated as a constituent part of the new federal Germany and its future fortunes would be tied to this new political creation.