CRAMMOND, GREAT BRITAIN AND GERMANY (original) (raw)

Vladimir Ilyich Lenin

NOTEBOOK “ι”

(“IOTA”)


CRAMMOND, GREAT BRITAIN AND GERMANY

Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 1914, July (Vol. LXXVII, Part VIII) (pp. 777-807).

Edgar Crammond, “_The Economic Relations of the British and German Empires_”.

Together the two empires account for 39 per cent of international trade (1911: 26.9 per cent Great Britain ++ 12.5 per cent Germany) and 53 per cent of the world’s mercantile shipping.

Germany Great Britain
Population 1872 41.23 (million) 31.87 (million)
1888 48.17 36.88
1910 64.92 (1911) 45.22
+(1872-1910) + 23.69 + 13.34
Births per 1000 29.5 (1911) 24.4
Deaths ” ” 18.2 14.8
Urban population 57.4% (1905) 71.3% (1901)
Value of mineralproduction (1911) £102,000,000 124,500,000
United States Germany Great Britain
(million tons)
Coal Output 1911 450.2 234.5 276.2
1886 103.1 73.7 160.0
+347.1 +160.8 +116.2
+336.6% +218.1% + 72.6%
Ditto, 1910 26.5 13.7 6.1
crude steel 1886 2.6 0.9 2.4
+ 23.9 12.7 3.7
+910.3% +1,335 % +154.3%
Germany Great Britain
Shipbuilding:annual output 1898-1904: 240,800 tons 898,000
1913: 618,800 2,203,000
Tonnage of vessels 1892: 809,000 tons 8,102,000
that passed the
Suez Canal 1912: 4,241,000 17,611,000
Percentage of all vessels thatpassed the Suez Canal ⎧⎨⎩ 1892: 7.4% 74.5%
1912: 15.1% 62.9%
Gross income of 1888: £58.4 million 72.9
railways 1910: £149.5 127.2
+156% +74.3%
Foreign trade 1888: £323.6 million 558.1
(exports + imports) 1912: £982.6 1,120.1
+ 204% +100.7%
+ £659.0 million + £562.0 million
Expenditure on army and navy (1912) £70.0 million 102.4
National wealth: £15,000 25,000 (*)
National income (Helfferich, for Germany) £2,000 3,400
Capital investment abroad £1,000 3,800
=6.6% (of nation- al wealth) (=23%)
Income from capital invested abroad (1912) £50.0 million 185.0
Income from shipping £30.0 100.0
National income(Germany,according toHelfferich) ⎧⎨⎩ 1896: £1,075 1,430
1912: £2,000 2,140
Annual increase of national wealth (last 18 years for Germany) (and last 28 years for Great Britain) =£272.0 £230.0 million
figures for the last five years are approximately the same

(*) For the whole Empire. For Great Britain alone,
without Colonies == 16,500.



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