Hackmanite (original) (raw)
About HackmaniteHide
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Colour:
Pink, purple, blue, white, colourless
Name:
For Finnish geologist Victor Axel Hackman (27 April 1866, Wyborg, Grand Duchy of Finland, Russian Empire - 26 November 1941, Helsinki, Finland). Professor at University of Helsinki (Helsingfors) and geologist with the Finnish Geological Survey. He accompanied Wilhelm Ramsay in the Finnish Kola expedition of 1891-1892, during which a rock called tawite, mainly consisting of S-bearing sodalite and aegirine, was recovered (Ramsay, 1898).
A variety of Sodalite
A variety of sodalite showing tenebrescence (reversible photochromism). Hackmanite can be a deep pink, blue or purple but quickly fades to colourless when exposed to sunlight. The original colour can be restored quickly by exposure to short-wave ultraviolet light, or more slowly by storing it in a dark space.
It typically contains some S, but not always enough to be detectable with EDS (<1%). The S content is related to its tenebresence.
Hackmanite shows orange coloured photoluminescence in UV light, exhibits a purple-red colour subsequently to UV irradiation or after cracking, bleaches within minutes to hours in visible light, and usually recovers colour in darkness.
The change in the colour of hackmanite in photochromism is caused by the joint action of the F-center and the oxygen hole centres. The change in the UV-Vis spectra may be caused by the superposition of two peaks. Under 365 nm UV excitation, the peak of fluorescence spectra of 662 nm is related to the 2∏g→2∏u transition of S2−, the blue emission at 441 nm is caused by the 3P0.1→1S0 transition of s2 ions (Pb2+, Tl+, Sn2+ Sb2+) , and at 541 nm is caused by the Mn2+ center. The results are helpful in deepening the understanding of photochromism, fluorescence mechanism, and its structure, expanding the application of hackmanite.
Originally described from Tavaiok river (=Tawajok in Ramsey, 1898; Tawa in Borgström 1901 and 1903) valley, Lovozero (Lujavr-Urt in Ramsay, 1898; Lujaur-Urt in Borgström, 1901 and 1903) Massif, Kola Peninsula, Murmanskaja Oblast', Northern Region, Russia (Ramsey, 1898; Borgström, 1901 and 1903).
Unique IdentifiersHide
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Mindat ID:
1789 (as Hackmanite)
3701 (as Sodalite)
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1789:9 (as Hackmanite)
mindat:1:1:3701:9 (as Sodalite)
64c51a54-09e7-4e21-b6ff-8d09e1ddb1bb (as Hackmanite)
40acf272-8331-42d3-b057-abb259bcbb34 (as Sodalite)
Physical Properties of HackmaniteHide
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Colour:
Pink, purple, blue, white, colourless
Chemistry of HackmaniteHide
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Mindat Formula:
Na8Al6Si6O24Cl2
Other Language Names for HackmaniteHide
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Common AssociatesHide
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Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
Fluorescence of HackmaniteHide
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In hackmanite, green fluorescence is thought to be caused by partial substitution of Na+ by Mn, while partial substitution of Al3+ by Fe3+ leads to red luminescence and orange fluorescence is caused by the S2− . Ce3+ causes the fluorescence spectra to show an emission peak around 340 nm, Eu2+ leads to violet fluorescence, and the s2-type ions are associated with blue fluorescence, while the association of Ti3+ with oxygen vacancies may also lead to blue fluorescence.
Other InformationHide
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Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for HackmaniteHide
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References for HackmaniteHide
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Reference List:
[2]Song, Chuchu, Guo, Qingfeng, Liu, Yang, Rao, Yinghua, Liao, Libing (2023) Photochromism, UV-Vis, Vibrational and Fluorescence Spectroscopy of Differently Colored Hackmanite. Crystals, 13 (11) doi:10.3390/cryst13111607
Localities for HackmaniteHide
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This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the 
symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
Locality ListHide
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- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. 
- Good crystals or important locality for species. 
- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.