Torreyite (original) (raw)

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered

About TorreyiteHide

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Formula:

(Mg,Mn2+)7◻2Mn2+2Zn4(SO4)2(OH)22 · 8H2O

Colour:

Rarely colourless, white, usually light brown with a red gray tint, rarely very pale blue gray; colourless in transmitted light.

Lustre:

Vitreous, Sub-Vitreous, Pearly, Dull

Crystal System:

Monoclinic

Name:

Named in 1949 by Joan Prewitt-Hopkins in honor of John Torrey [August 15, 1796 New York, New York, USA - March 10, 1873 New York, New York, USA], American medical doctor, botanist, mineralogist and chemist; a founding member of the New York Lyceum of Natural History and its first Curator, and subsequently its President. He was a Professor of Chemistry, an author, and was appointed U.S. Assayer for the new U.S. mint in New York City in 1853. He studied the minerals of the Franklin deposits in New Jersey. Originally called "delta-mooreite", but renamed when it was discovered that the two species have a different structure.

The magnesium analogue of Lawsonbauerite.

A secondary mineral occurring in manganese-rich veinlets and fractures in the Precambrian metamorphosed Zn-Mn-Fe deposit at Sterling Hill, Ogdensburg, NJ. Torreyite does not particularly resemble mooreite with which it may be associated. Torrey crystals are very rare, but are essentially rod-like to slightly bladed rods. Torreyite may be confounded with mooreite when massive, but when in contact the torreyite is frequently a dull brown with a slightly red tint while associated mooreite in slightly lighter in color and an ashen tan color. When a cleavage may be observed, mooreite has a micaceous appearance with a pearly luster.

Unique IdentifiersHide

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Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:4000:2

e378c044-7524-4d95-8263-818555db1e1f

IMA Classification of TorreyiteHide

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Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)

IMA Formula:

Mg9Zn4(SO4)2(OH)22 · 8H2O

Type description reference:

Classification of TorreyiteHide

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7.DD.40

7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
D : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, with H2O
D : With only medium-sized cations; sheets of edge-sharing octahedra

31.1.4.1

31 : HYDRATED SULFATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
1 : (AB)m(XO4)pZq·xH2O, where m:p > 6:1

25.9.11

25 : Sulphates
9 : Sulphates of Mn

Mineral SymbolsHide

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As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Physical Properties of TorreyiteHide

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Vitreous, Sub-Vitreous, Pearly, Dull

Transparency:

Transparent, Translucent

Colour:

Rarely colourless, white, usually light brown with a red gray tint, rarely very pale blue gray; colourless in transmitted light.

Comment:

May be tan to light brown as a surface coating when slightly oxidized.

Streak:

White to colorless

Cleavage:

Distinct/Good
On {010}, good.

Comment:

Micaceous is an accurate description of the cleavage except that the folia are not broad as in a platy mica, but the cleavage follows the rod-like habit common to the mineral.

Density:

2.665 g/cm3 (Measured) 2.65 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of TorreyiteHide

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RI values:

_n_α = 1.570 _n_β = 1.584 _n_γ = 1.585

2V:

Measured: 40° , Calculated: 28°

δ = 0.015

Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.

Pleochroism:

Non-pleochroic

Comments:

Refractive index is decidedly higher than mooreite

Chemistry of TorreyiteHide

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Mindat Formula:

(Mg,Mn2+)7◻2Mn2+2Zn4(SO4)2(OH)22 · 8H2O

Crystallography of TorreyiteHide

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Crystal System:

Monoclinic

Class (H-M):

2/m - Prismatic

Cell Parameters:

a = 10.522 Å, b = 9.433 Å, c = 16.443 Å
β = 94.91°

Ratio:

a:b:c = 1.115 : 1 : 1.743

Unit Cell V:

1,626.04 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Morphology:

Massive; granular to foliated.

Twinning:

Intricately polysynthetically twinned with twin plane in the zone [010] (visible under magnification).

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

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Powder Diffraction Data:

Comments:

ICDD 33-874; pattern superficially resembles that of mooreite, but with a slight shift to larger d spacings. There are also mismatching d values when compared to mooreite.

Geological EnvironmentHide

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Type Occurrence of TorreyiteHide

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Place of Conservation of Type Material:

Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, 113732.

Geological Setting of Type Material:

Secondary veinlets and fractures in a Pre-cambrian metamorphosed Zn-Mn-Fe deposit.

Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Reference:

Bauer, L.H., Berman, H. (1929) Mooreite, a new mineral and fluoborite from Sterling Hill, New Jersey. American Mineralogist, 14, 165-172.

Synonyms of TorreyiteHide

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Other Language Names for TorreyiteHide

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Common AssociatesHide

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Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

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Fluorescence of TorreyiteHide

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Other InformationHide

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Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for TorreyiteHide

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References for TorreyiteHide

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Reference List:

**Palache, Charles, Berman, Harry, Frondel, Clifford (1951) The System of Mineralogy (7th ed.) Vol. 2 - Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Ect. John Wiley and Sons, New York.**pp.575-576

Localities for TorreyiteHide

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This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

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- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.

USA (TL)
New Jersey Sussex County Ogdensburg Sterling Hill ⓘ Sterling Mine (TL)	Bauer et al. (1929) +5 other references
ⓘ North Ore Body	Peter Chin