1 King Antiochus was still on his journey through the high countries, when he heard tell of a city in Persia called Elymais, renowned for its treasures of silver and gold; 2 here was a temple of great magnificence, that had golden armour in it, breastplate and shield left there by Philip’s son, Alexander of Macedon, the first overlord of Greece. 3 Thither he marched, intent on seizing the city and plundering it; but seize it he might not, because the townsfolk had news of his purpose, 4 and came out to offer battle. So he was put to the rout, and must take himself back to Babylon, grievously disappointed.
1 Et rex Antiochus perambulabat superiores regiones, et audivit esse civitatem Elymaidem in Perside nobilissimam, et copiosam in argento et auro, 2 templumque in ea locuples valde, et illic velamina aurea, et loricæ, et scuta, quæ reliquit Alexander Philippi rex Macedo, qui regnavit primus in Græcia. 3 Et venit, et quærebat capere civitatem, et deprædari eam: et non potuit, quoniam innotuit sermo his qui erant in civitate: 4 et insurrexerunt in prælium, et fugit inde, et abiit cum tristitia magna, et reversus est in Babyloniam.
5 And here, in the Persian country, a messenger reached him with tidings from Juda. Fled were his armies, 6 and Lysias, that erstwhile marched out with so brave a retinue, had left the Jews masters of the field. Now they were strong and well-armed, such spoil they had taken from the armies they overthrew; 7 gone was that defiling image he had set up over the altar at Jerusalem; high walls, as of old, protected the sanctuary; nay, they had made shift to fortify his own stronghold of Bethsura.
5 Et venit qui nuntiaret ei in Perside, quia fugata sunt castra quæ erant in terra Juda: 6 et quia abiit Lysias cum virtute forti in primis, et fugatus est a facie Judæorum, et invaluerunt armis, et viribus, et spoliis multis, quæ ceperunt de castris, quæ exciderunt: 7 et quia diruerunt abominationem, quam ædificaverat super altare quod erat in Jerusalem: et sanctificationem, sicut prius, circumdederunt muris excelsis, sed et Bethsuram civitatem suam.
8 What news was this! The king was all bewilderment and consternation; he took to his bed, fallen into a decline for very sadness that his hopes had failed him. 9 Long time he languished under the double burden of his grief, and knew at last he was a-dying. 10 So he called his friends about him, and bade them farewell; Here is sleep quite gone from me, said he; so dazed is this heart of mine with doubt unresolved. 11 Thus runs my thought: How comes it that I have fallen upon such evil times, such a flood of calamity as now engulfs me; I, that in the days of my greatness loved men well, and was well beloved? 12 And now returns the memory of all the havoc I made in Jerusalem, spoil of gold and silver I robbed from it, doom of mine against the townsfolk, and for no fault. 13 Past all doubt, here is the source of all those miseries that have come upon me; look you, how I die consumed of grief, in a strange land! 14 Then he sent for Philip, one of his trusted friends, and gave all the kingdom into his charge; 15 crown and robe and ring he delivered to him, bidding him seek out prince Antiochus, and bring him up as heir to the throne. 16 Then and there died king Antiochus, in the hundred and forty-ninth year of the Grecian empire. 17 And Lysias, hearing of his death, crowned this same prince Antiochus, that he had brought up from boyhood, giving him the name of Eupator.
8 Et factum est ut audivit rex sermones istos, expavit, et commotus est valde: et decidit in lectum, et incidit in languorem præ tristitia, quia non factum est ei sicut cogitabat. 9 Et erat illic per dies multos, quia renovata est in eo tristitia magna, et arbitratus est se mori. 10 Et vocavit omnes amicos suos, et dixit illis: Recessit somnus ab oculis meis, et concidi, et corrui corde præ sollicitudine: 11 et dixi in corde meo: In quantam tribulationem deveni, et in quos fluctus tristitiæ, in qua nunc sum: qui jucundus eram, et dilectus in potestate mea! 12 Nunc vero reminiscor malorum quæ feci in Jerusalem, unde et abstuli omnia spolia aurea et argentea quæ erant in ea, et misi auferre habitantes Judæam sine causa. 13 Cognovi ergo quia propterea invenerunt me mala ista: et ecce pereo tristitia magna in terra aliena. 14 Et vocavit Philippum, unum de amicis suis, et præposuit eum super universum regnum suum: 15 et dedit ei diadema, et stolam suam, et annulum, ut adduceret Antiochum filium suum, et nutriret eum, et regnaret. 16 Et mortuus est illic Antiochus rex anno centesimo quadragesimo nono. 17 Et cognovit Lysias quoniam mortuus est rex, et constituit regnare Antiochum filium ejus, quem nutrivit adolescentem: et vocavit nomen ejus Eupator.
18 Meanwhile, what of the Jews that dwelt about the holy place? Here was the garrison of the citadel hemming them in, seeking ever to do them injury, and to sustain the Gentile cause. 19 So Judas was fain to make an end of it, and summoned the whole people to rally for the siege. 20 Rally they did, and began the siege in the hundred and fiftieth year, with much contriving of catapults and engines. 21 But some of the defenders slipped out; and these, with traitors of Israelite stock to support them, 22 went off to gain the king’s audience. Wilt thou never bring redress, they asked, and do our brethren right? 23 Jews are we, that resolved we would be loyal to thy father, his policy furthering, his will obeying. 24 What came of it? Our own fellow Israelites would have no more of our company, slew all they could lay hands on, robbed us of our possessions. 25 Not us only, but all the country about them, their violence threatens; 26 even now they stand arrayed against the citadel of Jerusalem, ready to take it by storm, and have fortified Bethsura. 27 Forestall their plans thou must, and speedily, or they will go further yet, and there will be no holding them.
18 Et hi qui erant in arce, concluserant Israël in circuitu sanctorum: et quærebant eis mala semper, et firmamentum gentium. 19 Et cogitavit Judas disperdere eos: et convocavit universum populum, ut obsiderent eos. 20 Et convenerunt simul, et obsederunt eos anno centesimo quinquagesimo, et fecerunt ballistas et machinas. 21 Et exierunt quidam ex eis qui obsidebantur: et adjunxerunt se illis aliqui impii ex Israël, 22 et abierunt ad regem, et dixerunt: Quousque non facis judicium, et vindicas fratres nostros? 23 Nos decrevimus servire patri tuo, et ambulare in præceptis ejus, et obsequi edictis ejus: 24 et filii populi nostri propter hoc alienabant se a nobis, et quicumque inveniebantur ex nobis, interficiebantur, et hæreditates nostræ diripiebantur. 25 Et non ad nos tantum extenderunt manum, sed et in omnes fines nostros: 26 et ecce applicuerunt hodie ad arcem Jerusalem occupare eam, et munitionem Bethsuram munierunt: 27 et nisi præveneris eos velocius, majora quam hæc facient, et non poteris obtinere eos.
28 Angered by these tidings, the king sent for all his trusted friends, for his army captains and his commanders of horse; 29 mercenaries, too, were hired from foreign countries, and from the islands out at sea, 30 till he could put a hundred thousand foot and twenty thousand horse into the field, besides thirty-two elephants, inured to war. 31 Through Edom they marched, and invested Bethsura; long they held it besieged, and built engines to attack it, but these, by a brave sally, the defenders burned to ashes.
28 Et iratus est rex, ut hæc audivit: et convocavit omnes amicos suos, et principes exercitus sui, et eos qui super equites erant: 29 sed et de regnis aliis et de insulis maritimis venerunt ad eum exercitus conductitii. 30 Et erat numerus exercitus ejus, centum millia peditum, et viginti millia equitum, et elephanti triginta duo, docti ad prælium. 31 Et venerunt per Idumæam, et applicuerunt ad Bethsuram, et pugnaverunt dies multos: et fecerunt machinas, et exierunt, et succenderunt eas igni, et pugnaverunt viriliter.
32 Meanwhile, Judas drew away from the citadel, and encamped at Bethzacharam, close to the king’s army. 33 Ere dawn broke, the king was astir, and his men marching hot-foot towards Bethzacharam, where the armies made ready for battle, with a great blowing of trumpets. 34 As for the elephants, they were blooded to battle with juice of grape and mulberry, 35 and so divided here and there among the troops. A thousand foot-soldiers were assigned to each, in coat of mail and helmet of bronze; with each went five hundred picked horsemen; 36 these were waiting ready for every beast at its station, and must go wherever it went, never leaving its side. 37 On the back of every beast was a strong protecting tower of wood, cunningly fitted; and thirty-two valiant men were appointed to do battle from this height, over and above the Indian that was the beast’s driver.[1] 38 The remainder of the cavalry were stationed on either wing, to daunt the oncoming host with a clamour of trumpets,[2] and harass them as they stood tight packed in their ranks. 39 Brightly the sun shone down on shield of gold, shield of bronze, till all the mountain-side gave back the glancing rays of them, and dazzled like points of fire. 40 Part of the king’s army was drawn up on the heights, part on the level plain; warily they came on and in good order; 41 and ever, as they went, murmur of voices, tramp of feet, and clash of arms daunted the country-side around them, so great yonder army was, and so valiant. 42 But Judas and his men closed with them, and gave battle; and of the king’s soldiers, there were six hundred that fell.
32 Et recessit Judas ab arce, et movit castra ad Bethzacharam contra castra regis. 33 Et surrexit rex ante lucem, et concitavit exercitus in impetum contra viam Bethzacharam: et comparaverunt se exercitus in prælium, et tubis cecinerunt: 34 et elephantis ostenderunt sanguinem uvæ et mori, ad acuendos eos in prælium: 35 et diviserunt bestias per legiones, et astiterunt singulis elephantis mille viri in loricis concatenatis, et galeæ æreæ in capitibus eorum: et quingenti equites ordinati unicuique bestiæ electi erant. 36 Hi ante tempus, ubicumque erat bestia, ibi erant: et quocumque ibat, ibant, et non discedebant ab ea. 37 Sed et turres ligneæ super eos firmæ protegentes super singulas bestias: et super eas machinæ: et super singulas viri virtutis triginta duo, qui pugnabant desuper: et Indus magister bestiæ. 38 Et residuum equitatum hinc et inde statuit in duas partes, tubis exercitum commovere, et perurgere constipatos in legionibus ejus. 39 Et ut refulsit sol in clypeos aureos et æreos, resplenduerunt montes ab eis, et resplenduerunt sicut lampades ignis. 40 Et distincta est pars exercitus regis per montes excelsos, et alia per loca humilia: et ibant caute et ordinate. 41 Et commovebantur omnes inhabitantes terram a voce multitudinis, et incessu turbæ, et collisione armorum: erat enim exercitus magnus valde, et fortis. 42 Et appropiavit Judas et exercitus ejus in prælium, et ceciderunt de exercitu regis sexcenti viri.
43 What did Eleazar that day, the son of Sauran?[3] Here was one of the beasts that went decked in royal trappings, and towered high above the rest; There rides the king, thought he, 44 and with that, he gave his life, to win deliverance for his country, and for himself imperishable renown. 45 Bravely he ran up to it, there in the heart of the press, slaying to right and left of him, men falling on either side, 46 till he could creep in between the very feet of the elephant; crouched there, and dispatched it, and so, crushed by its fall to earth, died where he lay.
43 Et vidit Eleazar filius Saura unam de bestiis loricatam loricis regis: et erat eminens super ceteras bestias, et visum est ei quod in ea esset rex: 44 et dedit se ut liberaret populum suum, et acquireret sibi nomen æternum. 45 Et cucurrit ad eam audacter in medio legionis, interficiens a dextris et a sinistris, et cadebant ab eo huc atque illuc. 46 Et ivit sub pedes elephantis, et supposuit se ei, et occidit eum: et cecidit in terram super ipsum, et mortuus est illic.
47 But now, finding the royal forces so strong, and so determined in their attack, the Jews withdrew from the encounter. 48 To Jerusalem the king’s men followed them, and now here was the king entrenched against Judaea and mount Sion itself. 49 With the defenders of Bethsura he had made terms; yield up the city they must, so ill were they victualled for a siege, in a year when the land lay fallow;[4] 50 thus Bethsura was in the king’s hands, and he put a garrison there. 51 But it was against the holy place itself that he turned his arms, and long he beleaguered it; what catapults he brought to bear on it, what engines! Flew fiery darts, flew stone and javelin and arrow from mangonel and arbalest, and the slings took their turn. 52 As for the Jews, they met engine with engine, and fought on day after day; 53 but the seventh year had come round, and what store was left in the city had been eaten up by the new citizens rescued from Gentile countries, so food was none to be had. 54 Only a few defenders were left in the holy place now; the rest, overtaken by famine, had dispersed to their homes.
47 Et videntes virtutem regis, et impetum exercitus ejus, diverterunt se ab eis. 48 Castra autem regis ascenderunt contra eos in Jerusalem, et applicuerunt castra regis ad Judæam, et montem Sion. 49 Et fecit pacem cum his qui erant in Bethsura: et exierunt de civitate, quia non erant eis ibi alimenta conclusis, quia sabbata erant terræ. 50 Et comprehendit rex Bethsuram: et constituit illic custodiam servare eam. 51 Et convertit castra ad locum sanctificationis dies multos: et statuit illic ballistas, et machinas, et ignis jacula, et tormenta ad lapides jactandos, et spicula, et scorpios ad mittendas sagittas, et fundibula. 52 Fecerunt autem et ipsi machinas adversus machinas eorum, et pugnaverunt dies multos. 53 Escæ autem non erant in civitate, eo quod septimus annus esset: et qui remanserant in Judæa de gentibus, consumpserant reliquias eorum, quæ repositæ fuerant. 54 Et remanserunt in sanctis viri pauci, quoniam obtinuerat eos fames: et dispersi sunt unusquisque in locum suum.
55 But Lysias could not wait; he had news from Antioch. That same Philip, whom king Antiochus, on his death-bed, had appointed to bring up the young prince as heir to the throne, 56 was now returned at the head of his army from the land of the Medes and Persians, and would fain take charge of the realm. 57 So Lysias must betake himself to the king and his generals, with such words as these: Our plight grows daily worse; scant food is left us, and here is a fortress well defended; all the business of the realm claims our care. 58 What remains, but to make friendly advances, offer terms to the besieged and to all their countrymen? 59 Give we leave they should follow their own customs as of old, which customs neglecting, we have brought all this ill-will and all this trouble upon us. 60 King and chieftain fell in with his design; offer peace they did, and the offer was accepted. 61 So, upon terms with the king and his generals, the Jews gave up their stronghold; 62 and what must the king do, once he had set foot on mount Sion and discovered the strength of its defences, but break his oath, and have all the walls of it pulled down! 63 Then, with all haste, he took leave of it, and returned to Antioch, where he found Philip in possession, and levied war on him, taking the city by storm.
55 Et audivit Lysias quod Philippus, quem constituerat rex Antiochus cum adhuc viveret, ut nutriret Antiochum filium suum, et regnaret, 56 reversus esset a Perside et Media, et exercitus qui abierat cum ipso, et quia quærebat suscipere regni negotia: 57 festinavit ire, et dicere ad regem, et duces exercitus: Deficimus quotidie, et esca nobis modica est; et locus, quem obsidemus, est munitus, et incumbit nobis ordinare de regno. 58 Nunc itaque demus dextras hominibus istis, et faciamus cum illis pacem, et cum omni gente eorum: 59 et constituamus illis ut ambulent in legitimis suis sicut prius: propter legitima enim ipsorum, quæ despeximus, irati sunt, et fecerunt omnia hæc. 60 Et placuit sermo in conspectu regis et principum: et misit ad eos pacem facere, et receperunt illam. 61 Et juravit illis rex et principes, et exierunt de munitione. 62 Et intravit rex montem Sion, et vidit munitionem loci: et rupit citius juramentum quod juravit, et mandavit destruere murum in gyro. 63 Et discessit festinanter, et reversus est Antiochiam, et invenit Philippum dominantem civitati: et pugnavit adversus eum, et occupavit civitatem.
[1] The meaning of the original is, that each elephant carried no less than thirty-two fighting men. The statement is perhaps due to some error in the copying of the Greek manuscripts.
[2] There is no mention of trumpets in the Greek original. But the text is obscure, and perhaps corrupt.
[3] In the Greek, ‘Eleazar Sauaran’, perhaps a corruption of ‘Abaron’ (2.5 above).
