Italian states before 1861 (original) (raw)
Genoa
1580 Most Serene Republic of Genoa1 Jan 1798 Ligurian Republic 6 Jun 1800 Most Serene Republic of Genoa 24 Jun 1800 Ligurian Republic 4 Jun 1805 annexed by France 26 Apr 1814 Most Serene Republic of Genoa 26 Dec 1814 British troops take over the administration on behalf of Sardinia 3 Jan 1815 annexation to Sardinia proclaimed; the king adds the words "duke of Genoa" to the royal style 15 Jun 1815
Doges (official style Serenissimo Duce e governatore) 3 Jun 1699 - 3 Jun 1701 Gerolamo De Mari (b. 1644 - d. 1702) 7 Jun 1701 - 7 Jun 1703 Federico De Franchi Toso (b. 1642 - d. 1734) 1 Aug 1703 - 1 Aug 1705 Antonio Grimaldi Ceb� (b. 1640 - d. 1717) 22 Aug 1705 - 13 Aug 1707 Stefano Onorato Ferretti (b. 1641 - d. 1720) 9 Sep 1707 - 9 Sep 1709 Domenico Maria De Mari (b. 1653 - d. 1725) 14 Sep 1709 - 14 Sep 1711 Vincenzo Durazzo (b. 1635 - d. 1712) 22 Sep 1711 - 22 Sep 1713 Francesco Maria Imperiale (b. 1654 - d. 1736) 22 Sep 1713 - 22 Sep 1715 Giovanni Antonio Giustiniani (b. 1660 - d. 1735) 26 Sep 1715 - 26 Sep 1717 Lorenzo Centurione Becchignoni (b. 1645 - d. 1735) 30 Sep 1717 - 30 Sep 1719 Benedetto Viale (b. 1660 - d. 1749) 4 Oct 1719 - 4 Oct 1721 Ambrogio Imperiale Lomellini (b. 1649 - d. 1729) 8 Oct 1721 - 8 Oct 1723 Cesare De Franchi Toso (b. 1666 - d. 1739) 13 Oct 1723 - 13 Oct 1725 Domenico Negrone (b. 1672 - d. 1736) 18 Jan 1726 - 18 Jan 1728 Gerolamo Veneroso (b. 1660 - d. 1732) 22 Jan 1728 - 22 Jan 1730 Luca Grimaldi (b. 1675 - d. 1750) 26 Jan 1730 - 26 Jan 1732 Francesco Maria Balbi (b. 1671 - d. 1747) 29 Jan 1732 - 29 Jan 1734 Domenico Maria Spinola (b. 1666 - d. 1743) 3 Feb 1734 - 3 Feb 1736 Giovanni Stefano Durazzo (b. 1668 - d. 1744) 7 Feb 1736 - 7 Feb 1738 Niccol� Cattaneo Della Volta (b. 1679 - d. 1751) 11 Feb 1738 - 11 May 1739 Costantino Balbi (b. 1676 - d. 1741) 16 Feb 1740 - 16 Feb 1742 Niccol� Spinola (b. 1678 - d. 1743) 20 Feb 1742 - 20 Feb 1744 Domenico Maria Canevaro (b. 1683 - d. 1745) 1 Mar 1744 - 1 Mar 1746 Lorenzo De Mari (b. 1685 - d. 1772) 4 Mar 1746 - 4 Mar 1748 Giovanni Francesco Saverio Brignole Sale (b. 1695 - d. 1760) 6 Mar 1748 - 6 Mar 1750 Cesare Cattaneo Della Volta (b. 1680 - d. 1756) 10 Mar 1750 - 10 Mar 1752 Agostino Viale (b. 1692 - d. 1777) 28 Mar 1752 - 3 Jun 1752 Stefano Lomellini (b. 1683 - d. 1753) 7 Jun 1752 - 7 Jun 1754 Giovanni Battista Grimaldi (b. 1678 - d. 1757) 23 Jun 1754 - 16 May 1756 Giovanni Giacomo Stefano Veneroso (b. 1701 - d. 1758) 22 Jun 1756 - 22 Jun 1758 Giovanni Giacomo Grimaldi (b. 1705 - d. 1777) 22 Sep 1758 - 22 Aug 1760 Matteo Franzoni (b. 1682 - d. 1767) 10 Sep 1760 - 10 Sep 1762 Agostino Lomellini (b. 1709 - d. 1791) 25 Nov 1762 - 25 Nov 1764 Rodolfo Emilio Maria Brignole Sale (b. 1708 - d. 1774) 29 Jan 1765 - 29 Jan 1767 Francesco Maria Gaetano Della Rovere (b. 1695 - d. 1768) 3 Feb 1767 - 3 Feb 1769 Marcello Giuseppe Durazzo (b. 1710 - d. 1791) 16 Feb 1769 - 26 Jan 1771 Giovanni Battista Negrone (b. 1695 - d. 1771) 16 Apr 1771 - 23 Dec 1772 Giovanni Battista Cambiaso (b. 1711 - d. 1772) 7 Jan 1773 - 19 Jan 1773 Ferdinando Spinola (b. 1694 - d. 1778) 26 Jan 1773 - 26 Jan 1775 Alessandro Piero Francesco Grimaldi (b. 1715 - d. 1791) 31 Jan 1775 - 31 Jan 1777 Brizio Giustiniani (b. 1713 - d. 1778) 4 Feb 1777 - 4 Feb 1779 Giuseppe Lomellini (b. 1723 - d. 1803) 4 Mar 1779 - 4 Mar 1781 Giacomo Maria Brignole (1st time) (b. 1724 - d. 1801) 8 Mar 1781 - 8 Mar 1783 Marco Antonio Gentile (b. 1723 - d. 1798) 6 May 1783 - 6 May 1785 Giovanni Battista Airoli (b. 1731 - d. 1808) 6 Jun 1785 - 6 Jun 1787 Giovanni Carlo Pallavicini (b. 1722 - d. 1794) 4 Jul 1787 - 4 Jul 1789 Raffaele De Ferrari Rodino (b. 1732 - d. 1801) 30 Jul 1789 - 30 Jul 1791 Alerame Maria Pallavicini (b. 1730 - d. 1805) 3 Sep 1791 - 3 Sep 1793 Michelangelo Agostino Cambiaso (b. 1738 - d. 1813) 30 Sep 1793 - 30 Sep 1795 Giuseppe Maria Doria, duca di Massanova (b. 1730 - d. 1816) 17 Nov 1795 - 14 Jun 1797 Giacomo Maria Brignole (2nd time) (s.a.) Doge (presiding Provisional Government) 14 Jun 1797 - 26 Jun 1797 Giacomo Maria Brignole (s.a.) President of the Provisional Government 26 Jun 1797 - 17 Jan 1798 Giacomo Maria Brignole (s.a.) 17 Jan 1798 - Jul 1799 Executive Directory - Luigi Emanuele Corvetto (b. 1756 - d. 1821) (to Jan 1799) - Pietro Ferreri (from Jan 1799) (b. 1758 - d. 18...) - Giorgio Ambrogio Molfino - Agostino Maglione (b. 1744 - d. 18...) - Niccol� Littardi (b. 1748 - d. 18...) - Paolo Costa Jul 1799 - Oct 1799 Executive Directory - Pietro Ferreri (1st time) (s.a.) - Luigi Lupi (1st time) - Giovanni Battista Rossi - Francesco Masuccone - Paolo Costa Oct 1799 - 7 Dec 1799 Executive Directory - Pietro Ferreri (2nd time) (s.a.) - Luigi Lupi (2nd time) - Francesco Montaldo - Domenico Assereto - Giuseppe Morchio 8 Dec 1799 - 31 Mar 1800 Commission of Government - Francesco Maria Boselli (b. 1768 - d. 1826) (to Dec 1799) - Emanuele Montebruno (to Dec 1799) - Giuseppe Assereto (to Jan 1800) - Domenico Mongiardini (to Jan 1800) - Giuseppe Cambiaso (to 10 Feb 1800) - Giovanni Battista Tanlongo (to 10 Feb 1800) - Michelangelo Agostino Cambiaso (1st time) (to 10 Feb 1800) - Girolamo Luigi Francesco Durazzo (1st time) (to 10 Feb 1800) (b. 1739 - d. 1809) - Luigi Emanuele Corvetto (1st time) (to 10 Feb 1800) (s.a.) - Emanuele Balbi (to 10 Feb 1800) - Schiaffino (to 10 Feb 1800) - Luigi Marchello (to 10 Feb 1800) - Domenico Straforello (to 10 Feb 1800) - Francesco Maria Ruzza (1st time) - Giuseppe Bollo (1st time) - Domenico Rivarola (1st time) 31 Mar 1800 - 4 Jun 1800 Commission of Government - Michelangelo Agostino Cambiaso (2nd time) - Luigi Emanuele Corvetto (2nd time) (s.a.) - Emanuele Guecco (1st time) - Girolamo Luigi Francesco Durazzo (2nd time) (s.a.) - Giuseppe Bollo (2nd time) - Francesco Maria Ruzza (2nd time) - Stefano Emanuele Sommariva (1st time) - Antonio Boccardo (1st time) - Domenico Rivarola (2nd time) - Giuliano Arena (1st time) 6 Jun 1800 - 24 Jun 1800 Provisional Commission of Government, also known as Provisional Regency - Pietro Paolo Celesia - Carlo Cambiaso - Agostino Spinola - Giovanni Bernardo Pallavicini - Francesco Spinola - Luigi Lambruschini 24 Jun 1800 - 2. Jun 1800 Provisional Commission of Government - Antonio Boccardo (2nd time) - Giuseppe Bollo (3rd time) - Andrea Badar� - Domenico Rivarola (3rd time) 2. Jun 1800 - 2 Jul 1800 Commission of Government - Emanuele Guecco (2nd time) - Girolamo Luigi Francesco Durazzo (3rd time) (s.a.) - Giuseppe Bollo (4th time) - Stefano Emanuele Sommariva (2nd time) - Antonio Boccardo (3rd time) - Domenico Rivarola (4th time) - Giuliano Arena (2nd time) 2 Jul 1800 - 3 Jul 1802 Extraordinary Commission of Government - Giovanni Battista Rossi - Agostino Maglione (to 1800) (s.a.) - Giuseppe Fravega (1800-01) - Tommaso Langlade (from 1801) - Agostino Pareto - Girolamo Serra (b. 1761 - d. 1837) - Antonio Mongiardini - Luigi Carbonara (b. 1753 - d. 1826) - Luigi Lupi (to 1801) - Giuseppe de Ambrosiis (b. 1755 - d. 18...) (from 1801) Doge of the Republic 3 Jul 1802 - 4 Jun 1805 Girolamo Luigi Francesco Durazzo (s.a.) President of the Provisional Government 26 Apr 1814 - 26 Dec 1814 Girolamo Serra (s.a.)
Lombardy
2 May 1395 Duchy of Milan 16 Jan 1556 Spanish rule 11 Apr 1713 Austrian rule 9 May 1796 French rule 15 Nov 1796 Transpadane Republic 29 Jun 1797 Cisalpine Republic 29 Apr 1799 Duchy of Milan restored 29 Apr 1800 Cisalpine Republic 26 Jan 1802 Italian Republic 18 Mar 1805 Kingdom of Italy 28 Apr 1814 Austrian rule 7 Apr 1815 component, with Venetia, of Lombardo-Venetian Kingdom under the emperor of Austria 22 Mar 1848 Lombardy (provisional government) 8 Jun 1848 administered by the Kingdom of Sardinia 6 Aug 1848 component, with Venetia, of Lombardo-Venetian Kingdom under the emperor of Austria 10 Nov 1859 annexation by Kingdom of Sardinia
Dukes/Duchesses 24 Nov 1700 - 11 Apr 1713 Filippo IV (b. 1683 - d. 1746) 11 Apr 1713 - 20 Oct 1740 Carlo III (b. 1685 - d. 1740) 20 Oct 1740 - 29 Nov 1780 Maria Theresa (f) (b. 1717 - d. 1780) 29 Nov 1780 - 20 Feb 1790 Giuseppe II (b. 1741 - d. 1790) 20 Feb 1790 - 1 Mar 1792 Leopoldo I (b. 1747 - d. 1792) 1 Mar 1792 - 9 May 1796 Francesco III (1st time) (b. 1768 - d. 1835) 15 Nov 1796 - 29 Jun 1797 Executive Committee 29 Jun 1797 - 31 Aug 1798 First Directory - Duca Giovanni Galeazzo Serbelloni (to 13 Nov 1797) (b. 1744 - d. 1802) - Giovanni Battista Savoldi (from 13 Nov 1797) - Marco Alessandri (1st time) (b. 1755 - d. 1830) - Pietro Moscati (to 16 Apr 1798) (b. 1739 - d. 1824) - Jacopo Lamberti (1st time) (from 16 Apr 1798) - Giovanni Paradisi (b. 1760 - d. 1826) (to 16 Apr 1798) - Carlo Testi (from 16 Apr 1798) - Giovanni Costabili Containi (b. 1756 - d. 1841) 31 Aug 1798 - 14 Dec 1798 Second Directory - Girolamo Adelasio (1st time) (to 17 Oct 1798) - Antonio Sabbati (from 17 Oct 1798) - Marco Alessandri (2nd time) (s.a.) - Jacopo Lamberti (2nd time) - Giuseppe Luosi (1st time) (b. 1755 - d. 1830) (to 17 Oct 1798) - Antonio Smancini (from 17 Oct 1798) - Fedele Sopransi (1st time) (to 17 Oct 1798) - Vincenzo Brunetti (from 17 Oct 1798) 14 Dec 1798 - 29 Apr 1799 Third Directory - Girolamo Adelasio (2nd time) - Marco Alessandri (3rd time) (s.a.) (to Mar 1799) - Ferdinando Marescalchi (b. 1764 - d. 1816) (from Mar 1799) - Jacopo Lamberti (3rd time) (to Mar 1799) - Fedele Vertemate Franchi (from Mar 1799) - Giuseppe Luosi (2nd time) (s.a.) - Fedele Sopransi (2nd time) 29 Apr 1799 - 29 Apr 1800 Francesco III (2nd time) (s.a.) 29 Apr 1800 - 21 Jun 1800 Provisional Government Committee - Giovanni Battista Sommariva - Francesco Ajmi Visconti - Sigismondo Ruga 21 Jun 1800 - Sep 1800 Extraordinary Government Commission - Conte Francesco Melzi d'Eril (b. 1753 - d. 1816) - Antonio Aldini (b. 1756 - d. 1826) - Giovanni Battista Sommariva - Sigismondo Ruga - Francesco Ajmi Visconti - Conte Giovanni Paradisi - Raffaele Arauco - Giulio Cesare Bargnani - Ambrogio Birago Sep 1800 - 26 Jan 1802 Executive Committee of the Extraordinary Government Commission - Giovanni Battista Sommariva - Francesco Ajmi Visconti - Sigismondo Ruga President 26 Jan 1802 - 18 Mar 1805 Napol�on Bonaparte (b. 1769 - d. 1821) King 18 Mar 1805 - 21 Apr 1814 Napol�on I (s.a.) 21 Apr 1814 - 28 Apr 1814 Provisional Government - Carlo Veri - Domenico Pino - Conte Giacomo Mellerio - Conte Giberto Borromeo - Barone Giovanni Bazzetta President of the Provisional Government of Milan (from Apr 1848, president of the Central Provisional Government of Lombardy) 22 Mar 1848 - 8 Jun 1848 Conte Gabrio Casati (b. 1798 - d. 1873)
Modena
18 May 1452 Duchies of Modena and Reggio 6 Oct 1796 French occupation 16 Oct 1796 Cispadane Republic 9 Jul 1797 part of Cisalpine Republic (see under Lombardy) 9 Feb 1814 Duchies of Modena and Reggio (restored) 9 Feb 1831 separate provisional governments in Modena and in Reggio 22 Feb 1831 joint provisional government of Modena and Reggio 9 Mar 1831 Duchies of Modena and Reggio 24 Mar 1848 separate provisional governments in Modena and in Reggio 2 Apr 1848 joint provisional government of Modena and Reggio 25 May 1848 administered by Kingdom of Sardinia 14 Aug 1849 Duchies of Modena and Reggio 13 Jun 1859 administered by Kingdom of Sardinia 28 Jul 1859 Modena (dictatorship) 21 Aug 1859 administered (from 25 Dec 1859 as Emilian Provinces) by Kingdom of Sardinia 18 Mar 1860 annexation by Kingdom of Sardinia
Dukes - Este dynasty - 7 Sep 1694 - 26 Oct 1737 Rinaldo (b. 1655 - d. 1737) 26 Oct 1737 - 22 Feb 1780 Francesco III (b. 1698 - d. 1780) 22 Feb 1780 - 6 Oct 1796 Ercole III (b. 1727 - d. 1803) 16 Oct 1796 - 9 Jul 1797 Directory (5 directors) - Asburgo-Lorena-Este dynasty - 9 Feb 1814 - 9 Feb 1831 Francesco IV (1st time) (b. 1779 - d. 1846) 9 Feb 1831 - 22 Feb 1831 Biagio Nardi (dictator; in Modena) 9 Feb 1831 - 22 Feb 1831 Provisional Government (in Reggio) 22 Feb 1831 - 9 Mar 1831 Pellegrino Nobili (president of the Provisional Government) 9 Mar 1831 - 21 Jan 1846 Francesco IV (2nd time) (s.a.) 21 Jan 1846 - 24 Mar 1848 Francesco V (1st time) (b. 1819 - d. 1875) 24 Mar 1848 - 25 May 1848 Giuseppe Malmusi (b. 1803 - d. 1865) (president of the Provisional Government; to 2 Apr 1848 only in Modena) 24 Mar 1848 - 2 Apr 1848 Provisional Government (in Reggio) 14 Aug 1849 - 13 Jun 1859 Francesco V (2nd time) (s.a.) 28 Jul 1859 - 21 Aug 1859 Luigi Carlo Farini (dictator) (b. 1812 - d. 1866)
Guastalla
2 Jul 1621 Duchy of Guastalla 16 Aug 1746 occupied by Austria 18 Oct 1748 part of Parma 21 Mar 1801 occupied by France 30 Mar 1806 Principality of Guastalla 24 May 1806 part of Kingdom of Italy (see under Lombardy) 6 Jun 1814 Duchy of Guastalla restored 16 Jun 1848 administered by Kingdom of Sardinia 10 Aug 1848 Duchy of Guastalla restored 13 Jun 1859 annexed by Modena
Dukes - Gonzaga dynasty - 1692 - 1702 Vincenzo (1st time) (b. 1634 - d. 1714) 1702 - 1706 Ferdinando Carlo (b. 1652 - d. 1708) 1706 - 28 Apr 1714 Vincenzo (2nd time) (s.a.) 28 Apr 1714 - 19 Apr 1729 Antonio Fernando (b. 1687 - d. 1729) 19 Apr 1729 - 16 Aug 1746 Giuseppe Maria (b. 1690 - d. 1746) Princess 30 Mar 1806 - 24 May 1806 Pauline Bonaparte (f) (b. 1780 - d. 1825) Dukes/Duchesses - Asburgo-Lorena dynasty - 6 Jun 1814 - 17 Dec 1847 Maria Luigia (f) (b. 1791 - d. 1847) - Borbone dynasty - 17 Dec 1847 - 8 Jan 1848 Carlo II (b. 1799 - d. 1883) - Asburgo-Lorena-Este dynasty - 8 Jan 1848 - 16 Jun 1848 Francesco V (1st time) (b. 1819 - d. 1875) 10 Aug 1848 - 13 Jun 1859 Francesco V (2nd time) (s.a.)
Massa and Carrara
1663 Duchy of Massa and Principality of Carrara19 May 1797 part of Cispadane Republic (see Modena) 9 Jul 1797 part of Cisalpine Republic/Italian Republic/Kingdom of Italy (see Lombardy) 30 Mar 1806 Duchy of Massa and Principality of Carrara restored 13 Jun 1859 annexed by Modena
Dukes and Princes/Duchesses and Princesses - Cybo-Malaspina dynasty - 29 Jan 1690 - 6 Dec 1710 Carlo II (b. 1631 - d. 1710) 6 Dec 1710 - 30 Nov 1715 Alberico III (b. 1674 - d. 1715) 30 Nov 1715 - 18 Aug 1731 Alderano (b. 1690 - d. 1731) 18 Aug 1731 - 25 Dec 1790 Maria Teresa (f) (b. 1725 - d. 1790) 1731 - 1741 Ricciarda Gonzaga (f) (regent) (b. 1698 - d. 1768) - Este dynasty - 26 Dec 1790 - 19 May 1797 Maria Beatrice Ricciarda (f) (1st time) (b. 1750 - d. 1829) - Baciocchi dynasty - 30 Mar 1806 - Jul 1814 Felice (b. 1762 - d. 1841) - Este dynasty - Jul 1814 - 14 Nov 1829 Maria Beatrice Ricciarda (f) (2nd time) (s.a.) - Asburgo-Lorena-Este dynasty - 14 Nov 1829 - 21 Jan 1846 Francesco IV (b. 1779 - d. 1846) 21 Jan 1846 - 13 Jun 1859 Francesco V (b. 1819 - d. 1875)
Novellara
1335 Lordship of Novellara
1501 County of Novellara
1737 annexed by ModenaCounts/Countesses - Gonzaga dynasty - 1678 - 16 Aug 1727 Camillo III (b. 1649 - d. 1727) 16 Aug 1727 - 13 Dec 1728 Filippo Alfonso (b. 1702 - d. 1728) 13 Dec 1728 - 1737 Ricciarda (f) (b. 1698 - d. 1768)
Papal State
754 Papal State15 Feb 1798 - 30 Sep 1799 in rebellion: Roman Republic 17 May 1809 annexed to France 24 Mar 1814 Papal State restored 26 Feb 1831 - 26 Mar 1831 in rebellion: United Italian Provinces 9 Feb 1849 - 4 Jul 1849 in rebellion: Roman Republic 19 Oct 1870 incorporation into Kingdom of Italy
Popes 754 - 19 Oct 1870 see Roman Catholic Church
United Italian Provinces
President of the Assembly (from 4 Mar 1831, president of the Provisional Government) 26 Feb 1831 - 26 Mar 1831 Giovanni Vicini (b. 1771 - d. 1845)
Roman Republic
27 Nov 1798 - 12 Dec 1798 occupied by "Sicily" (Naples)
15 Feb 1798 - 20 Mar 1798 Provisional consuls - Briganti - Carlo Luigi Costantini - Pio Camillo, duca Bonelli-Crescenzi - Gioacchino Pessuti - Antonio Bassi - Maggi - Stampa - Liborio Angelucci 20 Mar 1798 - Sep 1798 Consuls - Liborio Angelucci - Giacomo De Mattheis - Panazzi - Reppi - Ennio Quirino Visconti Sep 1798 - 27 Nov 1798 Consuls - Brigi - Calisti - Francesco Pierelli - Giuseppe Rey - Federico Maria Domenico Michele Zaccaleoni (b. 1760 - d. 18...) 12 Dec 1798 - 24 Jul 1799 Consuls [the same as Sep 1798 - 27 Nov 1798] 24 Jul 1799 - 30 Sep 1799 Provisional Committee (5 members) 9 Feb 1849 - 29 Mar 1849 Executive Committee - Carlo Armellini (b. 1777 - d. 1863) - Aurelio Saliceti (b. 1804 - d. 1862) - Mattia Montecchi (b. 1816 - d. 1871) 29 Mar 1849 - 1 Jul 1849 Triumvirate - Carlo Armellini (s.a.) - Giuseppe Mazzini (b. 1805 - d. 1872) - Conte Aurelio Saffi (b. 1819 - d. 1890) 1 Jul 1849 - 4 Jul 1849 Triumvirate - Aurelio Saliceti (s.a.) - Alessandro Calandrelli (b. 1805 - d. 1888) - Livio Mariani (b. 1793 - d. 1855)
Parma and Piacenza
16 Sep 1545 Duchies of Parma and Piacenza created 10 Sep 1547 Parma is annexed by the Papal State, Piacenza by Milan 9 Nov 1549 Duchy of Parma reestablished 1556 Duchy of Piacenza reestablished 1 Nov 1802 under French administration 24 May 1808 annexed by France Jul 1808 former second and third consuls of France made nominal dukes Apr 1814 Duchies of Parma and Piacenza (restored) 11 Apr 1848 separate provisional governments in Parma and in Piacenza 10 May 1848 (Parma) and 25 May 1848 (Piacenza) annexation to Kingdom of Sardinia decreed, 14 Aug 1848 rescinded 18 Aug 1848 Duchies of Parma and Piacenza (restored) 1849 - 25 Aug 1849 annexation by Kingdom of Sardinia 17 Jun 1859 - 18 Aug 1859 administered by Kingdom of Sardinia 18 Aug 1859 Parma and Piacenza (dictatorship) 12 Sep 1859 administered (from 25 Dec 1859 as Emilian Provinces) by Kingdom of Sardinia 18 Mar 1860 annexation by Kingdom of Sardinia
Dukes/Duchesses - Farnese dynasty - 16 Sep 1545 - 10 Sep 1547 Pier Luigi (b. 1503 - d. 1547) 9 Nov 1549 - 15 Sep 1586 Ottavio (b. 1524 - d. 1586) (until 1556 duke of Parma only) 15 Sep 1586 - 3 Dec 1592 Alessandro "il Gran Capitano" (b. 1545 - d. 1592) 3 Dec 1592 - 5 Mar 1622 Ranuccio I (b. 1569 - d. 1622) 5 Mar 1622 - 11 Sep 1646 Odoardo (b. 1612 - d. 1646) 11 Sep 1646 - 11 Dec 1694 Ranuccio II (b. 1630 - d. 1694) 11 Dec 1694 - 26 Feb 1727 Francesco Maria (b. 1678 - d. 1727) 26 Feb 1727 - 20 Jan 1731 Antonio Francesco (b. 1679 - d. 1731) 20 Jan 1731 - 29 Dec 1731 Regency - Enrichetta Maria d'Este (f) (b. 1702 - d. 1777) - Camillo Marazzani - Conte Federigo Dal Verme - Conte Artaserse Bajardi - Conte Giacomo Sanvitale - Conte Odoardo Anvidi - Borbone dynasty - 29 Dec 1731 - 3 Oct 1735 Carlo I (b. 1716 - d. 1788) - Asburgo dynasty - 3 Oct 1735 - 20 Oct 1740 Carlo (b. 1685 - d. 1740) (= Holy Roman Emperor Karl VI) 20 Oct 1740 - 18 Oct 1748 Maria Teresa (f) (b. 1717 - d. 1780) (= Archduchess Maria Theresia of Austria) - Borbone dynasty - 18 Oct 1748 - 18 Jul 1765 Filippo (b. 1720 - d. 1765) 18 Jul 1765 - 9 Oct 1802 Ferdinando (b. 1751 - d. 1802) 9 Oct 1802 - 1 Nov 1802 Regency - Maria Amalia, arciduchessa d'Austria (f) (b. 1746 - d. 1804) - Marchese Cesare Ventura - Conte Francesco Schizzati Nominal dukes Jul 1808 - Apr 1814 Jean-Jacques-R�gis de Cambac�r�s (b. 1753 - d. 1824) (Parma) 1808 - Apr 1814 Charles-Fran�ois Lebrun (Piacenza) (b. 1739 - d. 1824) Dukes/Duchesses - Asburgo-Lorena dynasty - Apr 1814-10/11Apr 1814 Provisional Government - Marchese Cesare Ventura - Conte Filippo Magawly Cerati - Casimiro Meli Lupi, marchese di Soragna 10/11Apr1814- 17 Dec 1847 Maria Luigia (f) (b. 1791 - d. 1847) 15 Feb 1831 - 13 Mar 1831 Conte Filippo Linati (b. 1757 - d. 1837) (president of Provisional Government, in rebellion; in Parma) - Borbone dynasty - 17 Dec 1847 - 11 Apr 1848 Carlo II (1st time) (b. 1799 - d. 1883) 11 Apr 1848 - 18 Aug 1848 Gregorio Ferdinando, conte di Castagnola (b. 1786 - d. 1858) (president of the Provisional Government; in Parma) 11 Apr 1848 - 18 Aug 1848 Provisional Government (in Piacenza) - Pietro Gioia - Antonio Anguissola - Camillo Piatti - Corrado Marazzani - Antonio Emanueli 18 Aug 1848 - 14 Mar 1849 Carlo II (2nd time) (s.a.) 14 Mar 1849 - 1849 Provisional Government - Salvatore Riva - Guido Dalla Rosa - Alessandro Cavagnari 25 Aug 1849 - 27 Mar 1854 Carlo III (b. 1823 - d. 1854) 27 Mar 1854 - 9 Jun 1859 Roberto I (b. 1848 - d. 1907) 27 Mar 1854 - 9 Jun 1859 Duchess Luigia di Borbone (f) (b. 1819 - d. 1864) (regent) 10 Jun 1859 - 17 Jun 1859 Girolamo Cantelli, conte di Rubbiano (b. 1815 - d. 1884) (president of the Provisional Government Commission) 18 Aug 1859 - 12 Sep 1859 Luigi Carlo Farini (dictator) (b. 1812 - d. 1866)
Sardinia
24 Apr 1326 kingdom founded by Jaime II of Arag�n; the kings of Arag�n, later as part of the Spanish Monarchy, remain kings of Sardinia 17 Feb 1720 the House of Savoy acquires the island of Sardinia with the (thitherto nominal) style of Kingdom of Sardinia (although the core of the possessions of the House is Piedmont, the royal style of Sardinia leads to the entire monarchy being styled Kingdom of Sardinia; it includes the island, the Principality of Piedmont, the Duchy of Genoa from 20 Dec 1814, and the Counties of Savoy and Nice, the latter two transferred to France 2 Apr 1860) 25 Apr 1814 restoration of the Piedmontese core to the monarchy, following the Napoleonic wars 17 Mar 1861 after having annexed all the Italian states with the exceptions of the Papal State and of Venetia, the monarchy becomes the Kingdom of Italy
Kings - Savoia dynasty - 17 Feb 1720 - 3 Sep 1730 Vittorio Amedeo II (b. 1666 - d. 1732) 3 Sep 1730 - 20 Feb 1773 Carlo Emanuele III (b. 1701 - d. 1773) 20 Feb 1773 - 16 Oct 1796 Vittorio Amedeo III (b. 1726 - d. 1796) 16 Oct 1796 - 4 Jun 1802 Carlo Emanuele IV (b. 1751 - d. 1819) 4 Jun 1802 - 12 Mar 1821 Vittorio Emanuele I (b. 1759 - d. 1824) 12 Mar 1821 - 25 Apr 1821 Carlo Alberto (regent) (b. 1798 - d. 1849) 25 Apr 1821 - 27 Apr 1831 Carlo Felice (b. 1765 - d. 1831) - Savoia-Carignano dynasty - 27 Apr 1831 - 23 Mar 1849 Carlo Alberto (s.a.) 23 Mar 1849 - 17 Mar 1861 Vittorio Emanuele II (b. 1820 - d. 1878)
Prime ministers 11 May 1814 - 1821 Filippo Antonio Asinari, marchese di San Marzano (b. 1767 - d. 1828) 1822 - 21 Mar 1835 Vittorio Sallier della Torre (b. 1774 - d. 1858) 21 Mar 1835 - 16 Mar 1848 Clemente Solaro, conte della Margherita (b. 1792 - d. 1869) 16 Mar 1848 - 27 Jul 1848 Conte Cesare Balbo (b. 1789 - d. 1853) 27 Jul 1848 - 15 Aug 1848 Conte Gabrio Casati (b. 1798 - d. 1873) 15 Aug 1848 - 11 Oct 1848 Cesare Alfieri, marchese di Sostegno (b. 1799 - d. 1869) 11 Oct 1848 - 16 Dec 1848 Conte Ettore Perrone di San Martino (b. 1789 - d. 1849) 16 Dec 1848 - 21 Feb 1849 Vincenzo Gioberti (b. 1801 - d. 1852) 21 Feb 1849 - 27 Mar 1849 Barone Agostino Chiodo (b. 1791 - d. 1861) 27 Mar 1849 - 7 May 1849 Gabriele de Launay (b. 1786 - d. 1850) 7 May 1849 - 4 Nov 1852 Massimo Taparelli, marchese d'Azeglio (b. 1798 - d. 1866) 4 Nov 1852 - 19 Jul 1859 Camillo Benso, conte di Cavour (1st time) (b. 1810 - d. 1861) 19 Jul 1859 - 21 Jan 1860 Alfonso Ferrero, marchese della Marmora (b. 1804 - d. 1878) 21 Jan 1860 - 17 Mar 1861 Camillo Benso, conte di Cavour (2nd time) (s.a.)
Piedmont
942 County of Turin
1245 County of Piedmont
1424 Principality of Piedmont; although this may originally have
been intended as a territorial designation, it was
generally regarded as a nominal component of the polity of
the house of Savoy (usually called Duchy of Savoy; from
1720 Kingdom of Sardinia, or, even in official use, _Stati_Sabaudi); the territory of Piedmont was, with its capital Turin, however, the core of this monarchy; this arrangement is interrupted from 1798 to 1814, as indicated below 23 Dec 1632 the ruler acquires the nominal styles re di Cipro e di Gerusalemme ed Armenia 12 Dec 1798 Piedmontese Republic proclaimed 28 May 1799 - 23 Jun 1800 reincorporated into Savoy monarchy (Kingdom of Sardinia, etc.) 27 Jun 1800 Piedmontese Republic re-proclaimed 19 Apr 1801 occupied by France 11 Sep 1802 incorporated into France 25 Apr 1814 reincorporated into Savoy monarchy (Kingdom of Sardinia, etc.)
Duke of Savoy 12 Jun 1675 - 17 Feb 1720 Vittorio Amedeo II (b. 1666 - d. 1732) 12 Dec 1798 - 2 Apr 1799 Provisional Government (chair rotates for 10-day terms) - Innocenzo Maurizio Baudisson - Giovanni Battista Bertolotti - Giovanni Battista Agostino Bono (to 14 Mar 1799) - Giuseppe Carlo Aurelio di Sant'Angelo - Ugo Bottone, conte di Castellamonte (b. 1753 - d. 1828) - Francesco Brayda - Giuseppe Cavalli, conte di Olivola - Luigi Colla - Felice Clemente Fasella - Giuseppe Fava - Francesco Favrat, barone di Bellevaux - Pietro Gaetano Galli, conte della Loggia - Stefano Giovanni Rocci (b. 1770 - d. 18...) - Felice Giovanni San Martino, conte della Motta - Giuseppe Felice Sartoris Members added 19 Dec 1798: - Pietro Avogadro, conte di Valdengo e Formigliana - Giovanni Battista Ugone Balbis - Antonio Bellini - Carlo Giuseppe Guglielmo Botta (b. 1766 - d. 1837) - Filippo Benedetto Bunico - Domenico Capriata di Sardigliano - Guglielmo Michele Cerise - Secondo Enrico Chiabrera - Pietro Geymet - Alessio Antonio Simian 2 Apr 1799 - 3 May 1799 Joseph-Mathurin Musset (b. 1749 - d. 1831) (plenipotentiary civil commissioner) 3 May 1799 - 28 May 1799 Pietro Geymet (president of the General Administration) 27 Jun 1800 - 24 Dec 1800 Commission of Government - Filippo Avogardo, conte di Quarenga (to 4 Oct 1800) - Innocenzo Maurizio Baudisson (to 4 Oct 1800) - Ugo Bottone, conte di Castellamonte (s.a.) (to 4 Oct 1800) - Francesco Brayda - Giuseppe Cavalli, conte di Olivola (to 4 Oct 1800) - Pietro Gaetano Galli, conte della Loggia - Stefano Giovanni Rocci (s.a.) (to 4 Oct 1800) 24 Dec 1800 - 19 Apr 1801 Executive Commission - Giuseppe Carlo Aurelio di Sant'Angelo - Carlo Stefano Giulio (b. 1757 - d. 1815) - Carlo Giuseppe Guglielmo Botta (s.a.)
Masserano
1394 Lordship of Masserano given by the pope to the Fieschi family
1506 elevated to a county by the pope
1517 Fieschi dynasty ends; county transmitted to Ferrero family
1547 elevated to marquisate
1598 elevated to principality20 Mar 1767 ceded to Kingdom of Sardinia
Princes - Ferrero-Fieschi dynasty - 3 Jun 1685 - 8 Jan 1730 Carlo Besso (b. 1663 - d. 1730) 8 Jan 1730 - 1 Oct 1743 Vittorio Amedeo (b. 1687 - d. 1743) 1 Oct 1743 - 20 Mar 1767 Vittorio Filippo (b. 1713 - d. 1777)
Trento
1027 bishops become princes of the Empire
1801 secularized and annexed to Austria26 Dec 1805 annexed to Bavaria 1810 annexed to Kingdom of Italy 1813 annexed to Austria 3 Nov 1918 annexed to Italy
Prince-bishops 7 Mar 1696 - 22 Apr 1725 Johann Michael von Spaur 9 Sep 1725 - 20 Sep 1725 Giovanni Benedetto Gentilotti 26 Nov 1725 - 5 Apr 1730 Anton Dominik von Wolkenstein (b. 1662 - d. 1730) 19 Jun 1730 - 7 Sep 1758 Dominik Anton von Thun (b. 1685 - d. 1758) 1748 - 7 Sep?1758 Leopold Ernst von Firmian (b. 1708 - d. 1783) (administrator) 7 Sep?1758 - 31 Dec 1762 Francesco Felice Alberti di Enno 2 Jul 1763 - 1776 Cristoforo Francesco Sizzo de Noris (b. ... - d. 1776) 29 May 1776 - 17 Jan 1800 Peter Michael Vigil von Thun und Hohenstein (b. 1724 - d. 1800) 2 Apr 1800 - 1801 Emanuel Maria von Thun und Hohenstein (b. 1763 - d. 1818)
Tuscany
27 Aug 1569 Grand Duchy of Tuscany 27 Mar 1799 Etruscan Republic 7 Jul 1799 Grand Duchy of Tuscany restored 3 Aug 1801 Kingdom of Etruria 10 Dec 1807 annexed to France 1 Feb 1814 occupied by Naples 27 Apr 1814 Grand Duchy of Tuscany restored 10 May 1859 administered by Kingdom of Sardinia 22 Mar 1860 annexation by Kingdom of Sardinia
Grand dukes - Medici dynasty - 23 May 1670 - 31 Oct 1723 Cosimo III (b. 1642 - d. 1723) 31 Oct 1723 - 9 Jul 1737 Giovanni Gastone (b. 1671 - d. 1737) - Lorena dynasty - 9 Jul 1737 - 18 Aug 1765 Francesco II (b. 1708 - d. 1765) - Asburgo-Lorena dynasty - 18 Aug 1765 - 22 Jul 1790 Pietro Leopoldo I (b. 1747 - d. 1792) 22 Jul 1790 - 27 Mar 1799 Ferdinando III (1st time) (b. 1769 - d. 1824) President of the Provisional Government 27 Mar 1799 - 5 Jul 1799 Rivani 5 Jul 1799 - 7 Jul 1799 Cesare Gori (President of the Senate) Grand dukes - Asburgo-Lorena dynasty - 7 Jul 1799 - 15 Oct 1800 Ferdinando III (2nd time) (s.a.) (deposed by international treaty 9 Feb 1801) 15 Oct 1800 - 27 Nov 1800 Grand-Ducal Commission - Giuseppe Francesco Pierallini - Antonio Cercignani - Bernardo Lessi - Giulio Piombanti 27 Nov 1800 - 27 Mar 1801 Provisional Government - Francesco Chiarenti - Enrico Pontelli - Giovanni De Ghores 27 Mar 1801 - 3 Aug 1801 Grand-Ducal Commission [the same as 15 Oct - 27 Nov 1800] Kings - Borbone dynasty - 3 Aug 1801 - 27 May 1803 Ludovico I (b. 1773 - d. 1803) 27 May 1803 - 10 Dec 1807 Carlo Ludovico II (b. 1799 - d. 1883) 27 May 1803 - 10 Dec 1807 Maria Luisa (f) (queen regent) (b. 1782 - d. 1824) Governor-general 3 Mar 1809 - 1 Feb 1814 Elisa Baciocchi Bonaparte (f) (b. 1777 - d. 1820) (with courtesy style of Grand Duchess of Tuscany) Grand dukes - Asburgo-Lorena dynasty - 27 Apr 1814 - 18 Jun 1824 Ferdinando III (3rd time) (s.a.) 18 Jun 1824 - 21 Feb 1849 Leopoldo II (1st time) (b. 1797 - d. 1870) 21 Feb 1849 - 27 Mar 1849 Giuseppe Montanelli (b. 1813 - d. 1862) (president of Provisional Government) 27 Mar 1849 - 12 Apr 1849 Francesco Domenico Guerrazzi (b. 1804 - d. 1873) (Head of the Executive Power) 12 Apr 1849 - 21 Jul 1859 Leopoldo II (2nd time) (s.a.) (from 27 Apr 1859, though not formally dispossessed, unrecognized by Provisional Government) 21 Jul 1859 - 16 Aug 1859 Ferdinando IV (b. 1835 - d. 1908) (though not formally dispossessed until 16 Aug 1859, unrecognized by Provisional Government and by Sardinian administration) 27 Apr 1859 - 10 May 1859 Ubaldino Peruzzi (b. 1822 - d. 1891) (president of Provisional Government) Administrators 10 May 1859 - 16 Aug 1859 Conte Carlo Boncompagni di Mombello (b. 1804 - d. 1880) (extraordinary royal commissioner) 16 Aug 1859 - 3 Dec 1859 Barone Bettino Ricasoli (b. 1809 - d. 1880) (head of government) 3 Dec 1859 - 20 Mar 1860 Conte Carlo Boncompagni di Mombello (s.a.) (governor-general of the united provinces of central Italy [includes Modena, Parma and Piacenza]), nominally for Eugenio Emanuele di Savoia- Carignano, principe di Carignano (b. 1816 - d. 1888)
Elba
11 Apr 1814 given to French ex-emperor Napol�on I as sovereign principality (taking possession 4 May 1814) 9 Jun 1815 restored to Tuscany (taking possession 30 Jul 1815)
Sovereign 4 May 1814 - 30 Jul 1815 Napol�on (b. 1769 - d. 1821) (left 26 Feb 1815)
Governor 4 May 1814 - 30 Jul 1815 Antoine Drouot (b. 1774 - d. 1847) (left 26 Feb 1815)
Lucca
6 Apr 1369 Commune of Lucca 4 Feb 1799 Republic of Lucca 17 Jul 1799 Commune of Lucca 9 Jul 1800 Republic of Lucca 15 Sep 1800 Commune of Lucca 9 Oct 1800 Republic of Lucca 24 Jun 1805 Principality of Lucca 17 Mar 1814 - 6 Apr 1814 occupied by "Sicily" (Naples) 7 Apr 1814 State of Lucca 22 Nov 1817 Duchy of Lucca 5 Oct 1847 annexation by Tuscany
Gonfalonieri di Giustizia 1 Jan 1799 - 4 Feb 1799 Nicolao Montecatini 4 Feb 1799 - 17 Jul 1799 Executive Directory (5 members) Initial members: - Giorgio Martinelli - Giovanni Domenico Merli - Giovanni Sebastiano Giusti - Jacopo Pellegrini - Jacopo Antonio Franchi Four of the above replaced at different times by: - Domenico Bertagna - Pietro Martelli Leonardi - Giuseppe Duccini - Francesco Belluomini 17 Jul 1799 - 24 Jul 1799 Bal�a or Reggenza Provvisoria - Gregorio Minutoli - Vincenzo Lucchesini - Federico Bernardini - Giovanni Battista Montecatini - Pietro Compagni - Silvestro Michele Arnolfini - Nicolao Santini - Lelio Mansi - Francesco Melchiorre Di Poggio - Giacomo Trebiliani 24 Jul 1799 - 9 Jul 1800 Bal�a or Reggenza Provvisoria Initial members: - Nicolao Montecatini - Ferrante Cittadella - Costantino de' Nobili - Gregorio Minutoli - Pietro Compagni - Pierangelo Guinigi - Giovanni Battista Trenta - Carlo Antonio Marchi� - Vincenzo Landucci - Pietro Francesco Giuseppe Massei [36 persons in all served, 10 at a time] 9 Jul 1800 - 20 Jul 1800 Provisional Government - Giacomo Lucchesini - Carlo Franceschini - Vincenzo Cotenna - Domenico Moscheni - Salvatore Bianchini - Giuseppe Duccini - Giovanni Rossi - Gregorio Minutoli - Pietro Martelli - Stefano Bezzani 20 Jul 1800 - 9 Sep 1800 Provisional Government - Domenico Moscheni - Luigi Matteucci - Carlo Franceschini - Giovanni Battista Giorgetti - Francesco Martelli - Paolo Garzoni - Gregorio Minutoli 9 Sep 1800 - 15 Sep 1800 Provisional Government - Orazio Saminiati - Giacomo Luccesini - Costantino de' Nobili - Cosimo Bernardini - Francesco Martelli Leonardi - Paolino de' Giudici - Bernardino Bandettini - Luigi Matteucci - Paolo Garzoni 15 Sep 1800 - 9 Oct 1800 Bal�a or Reggenza Provvisoria - Sommariva [further membership unavailable] 9 Oct 1800 - 3 Jan 1802 Provisional Government - Giovanni Battista Montecatini (to 16 Nov 1800) - Domenico Pieri (from 16 Nov 1800) - Ferrante Cittadella (to 15 Oct 1800) - Giovanni Sebastiano Giusti (15 Oct 1800 - 6 Jan 1801) - Gregorio Minutoli (to 23 Feb 1801) - Pierangelo Guinigi (to 20 Mar 1801) - Giovanni Battista Trenta - Alessandro Ottolini (to 15 Oct 1800) - Francesco Belluomini (from 15 Oct 1800) - Lelio Mansi (to 4 Dec 1800) - Giuseppe Duccini (from 4 Dec 1800) - Giuseppe Di Poggio (to 4 Dec 1800) - Rocco Giannini (4 Dec 1800 - 20 Mar 1801) - Ascanio Mansi (to 5 Jan 1801) - Luigi Matteucci (from 14 Oct 1800) 3 Jan 1802 - 28 Feb 1802 Alessandro Paoli 1 Mar 1802 - 30 Apr 1802 Domenico Merli (1st time) 1 May 1802 - 30 Jun 1802 Francesco Belluomini (1st time) 1 Jul 1802 - 31 Aug 1802 Cesare Lucchesini (1st time) 1 Sep 1802 - 31 Oct 1802 Domenico Pieri (1st time) 1 Nov 1802 - 31 Dec 1802 Pierangelo Guinigi 1 Jan 1803 - 28 Feb 1803 Pietro Pellini (1st time) 1 Mar 1803 - 30 Apr 1803 Giovanni Rossi (1st time) 1 May 1803 - 30 Jun 1803 Raffaele Mansi 1 Jul 1803 - 31 Aug 1803 Giacomo Pellegrini (1st time) 1 Sep 1803 - 31 Oct 1803 Nicolao Giorgini (1st time) (b. 1773 - d. 1854) 1 Nov 1803 - 31 Dec 1803 Giovanni Filippo Santini (1st time) 1 Jan 1804 - 29 Feb 1804 Domenico Merli (2nd time) 1 Mar 1804 - 30 Apr 1804 Cesare Lucchesini (2nd time) 1 May 1804 - 30 Jun 1804 Domenico Pieri (2nd time) 1 Jul 1804 - 31 Aug 1804 Pietro Pellini (2nd time) 1 Sep 1804 - 31 Oct 1804 Giovanni Rossi (2nd time) 1 Nov 1804 - 31 Dec 1804 Giacomo Pellegrini (2nd time) 1 Jan 1805 - 28 Feb 1805 Giovanni Filippo Santini (2nd time) 1 Mar 1805 - 30 Apr 1805 Nicolao Giorgini (2nd time) (s.a.) 1 May 1805 - 23 Jun 1805 Francesco Belluomini (2nd time) Prince 24 Jun 1805 - 14 Mar 1814 Felice Baciocchi (b. 1762 - d. 1841) 14 Mar 1814 - 17 Mar 1814 Council [membership unavailable] 7 Apr 1814 - 11 May 1814 Provisional Commission [membership unavailable] Governors 11 May 1814 - 1 Mar 1815 Anton von Starhemberg (b. 1776 - d. 1842) 1 Mar 1815 - 22 Nov 1817 Joseph Werklein (b. 1777 - d. 1829) Dukes/Duchesses - Borbone dynasty - 22 Nov 1817 - 13 Mar 1824 Maria Luisa (f) (b. 1782 - d. 1824) 13 Mar 1824 - 5 Oct 1847 Carlo Ludovico (b. 1799 - d. 1883)
Two Sicilies
25 Dec 1130 Kingdom of Sicily, encompassing the island of Sicily and a large region, centred on Naples, on the mainland 31 Mar 1282 split into two kingdoms, sometimes in personal union: (1) Kingdom of Sicily, informally Kingdom of Naples or Kingdom of "Sicily this side of the Lighthouse"; (2) Kingdom of Sicily, thus called informally, also Kingdom of "Sicily beyond the Lighthouse" 8 Dec 1816 the two kingdoms merge as Kingdom of the Two Sicilies 8 Nov 1860 administered by Kingdom of Sardinia 17 Dec 1860 annexation by Kingdom of Sardinia
Naples (Sicily this side of the Lighthouse)
31 Mar 1282 Kingdom of Sicily 23 Jan 1799 Neapolitan Republic, unofficially styled Partenopean Republic 23 Jun 1799 Kingdom of Sicily restored 1 Mar 1806 annexed by France 30 Mar 1806 Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (thus named, although its authority does not extend to the island) 1 Aug 1808 Kingdom of Sicily restored 8 Dec 1816 merged into Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
Kings� - Borbone dynasty - 16 Nov 1700 - 7 Jul 1707 Filippo (IV) (b. 1683 - d. 1746) (= Felipe V of Spain) - Asburgo dynasty - 7 Jul 1707 - 2 Jun 1734 Carlo (VII) Giuseppe Francesco (b. 1685 - d. 1740) (= Karl VI of Holy Roman Empire) - Borbone dynasty - 2 Jun 1734 - 6 Oct 1759 Carlo (IV) Sebastiano (b. 1716 - d. 1788) 6 Oct 1759 - 23 Jan 1799 Ferdinando IV (1st time) (b. 1751 - d. 1825) Presidents of the Provisional Government 23 Jan 1799 - 19 Feb 1799 Carlo Lauberg (b. 1752? - d. 1834) 19 Feb 1799 - 23 Mar 1799 Ignazio Ciaja (b. 1766 - d. 1799) President of the Executive Commission� 15 Apr 1799 - 5 Jun 1799 Ercole D'Agnese President of the Executive Directory� 5 Jun 1799 - 23 Jun 1799 Ercole D'Agnese King� - Borbone dynasty - 23 Jun 1799 - 1 Mar 1806 Ferdinando IV (2nd time) (s.a.) Kings4 - Bonaparte dynasty - 30 Mar 1806 - 8 Jul 1808 Giuseppe Napoleone (b. 1768 - d. 1844) 8 Jul 1808 - 1 Aug 1808 Regency - Antonio Cristoforo Saliceti (b. 1757 - d. 1809) - Michelangelo Cianciulli - Principe Pignatelli di Cerchiara - Murat dynasty - 1 Aug 1808 - 22 May 1815 Gioacchino Napoleone (b. 1767 - d. 1815) King� - Borbone dynasty - 22 May 1815 - 8 Dec 1816 Ferdinando IV (3rd time) (s.a.)
Sicily (Sicily beyond the Lighthouse)
31 Mar 1282 Comuni of Palermo and Messina independent 4 Sep 1282 Kingdom of Sicily restricted to the island, restored 31 Aug 1302 polity renamed Kingdom of Trinacria 1314 name Kingdom of Sicily restored 1372 name Kingdom of Trinacria restored 21 May 1392 name Kingdom of Sicily restored 8 Dec 1816 merged into Kingdom of the Two Sicilies 13 Apr 1848 - 5 May 1849 Kingdom of Sicily (in rebellion)
Kings� - Borbone dynasty - 16 Nov 1700 - 22 Sep 1713 Filippo (IV) (b. 1683 - d. 1746) (= Felipe V of Spain) (6 Jul 1718 - 17 Feb 1720 in rebellion against Vittorio Amedeo II) - Savoia dynasty - 22 Sep 1713 - 17 Feb 1720 Vittorio Amedeo II (b. 1666 - d. 1732) - Asburgo dynasty - 17 Feb 1720 - 2 Jun 1734 Carlo (IV) (b. 1685 - d. 1740) (= Karl VI of Holy Roman Empire) - Borbone dynasty - 2 Jun 1734 - 6 Oct 1759 Carlo (IV) Sebastiano (b. 1716 - d. 1788) 6 Oct 1759 - 8 Dec 1816 Ferdinando III (s.a.) (= Ferdinando IV of Naples) President of the Provisional Government 13 Apr 1848 - 22 Apr 1849 Ruggero Settimo (b. 1778 - d. 1863) Mayors of Palermo 22 Apr 1849 - 26 Apr 1849 ... 26 Apr 1849 - 5 May 1849 Barone Pietro Riso
Two Sicilies
Kings - Borbone dynasty - 8 Dec 1816 - 4 Jan 1825 Ferdinando I (s.a.) (= Ferdinando IV of Naples) 4 Jan 1825 - 8 Nov 1830 Francesco I (b. 1777 - d. 1830) 8 Nov 1830 - 22 May 1859 Ferdinando II (b. 1810 - d. 1859) 22 May 1859 - 7 Sep 1860 Francesco II (b. 1836 - d. 1894) 7 Sep 1860 - 8 Nov 1860 Giuseppe Garibaldi (b. 1807 - d. 1882) (dictator; on the island of Sicily from 11 May 1860)
Prime ministers 1822 - 1823 Alvaro Ruffo (b. 1754 - d. 1825) 1823 - 25 Jan 1830 Luigi de' Medici, principe di Ottajano, duca di Sarno (b. 1759 - d. 1830) 1831 - 18 May 1836 Carlo Avarna, duca di Gualtieri (b. 1757 - d. 1836) 1836 - 1839 Marchese Girolamo Ruffo (b. 1771 - d. 1839) 1839 - 1847 Giuseppe Ceva Grimaldi Pisanelli, marchese di Pietracatella (b. 1777 - d. 1862) Jan 1848 - Apr 1848 Nicola Maresca Donnorso, duca di Serracapriola (b. 1790 - d. 1870) Apr 1848 - May 1848 Carlo Troya (b. 1784 - d. 1858) May 1848 - Aug 1849 Gennaro Spinelli, principe di Cariati (b. 1780 - d. 1851) Aug 1849 - Jan 1852 Marchese Giustino Fortunato (b. 1777 - d. 1862) Jan 1852 - May 1859 Ferdinando Troya (b. 1786 - d. 1861) May 1859 - Jun 1860 Carlo Filangieri, principe di Satriano (b. 1784 - d. 1867) Jun 1860 - Jul 1860 Antonio Spinelli di Scalea (b. 1785 - d. 1884) Jul 1860 - Aug 1860 Antonio Statella, principe di Cassaro (b. 1785 - d. 1864)
�Full title Re delle Due Sicilie e di Gerusalemme (King of the Two Sicilies and of Jerusalem).
�The members of the Executive Commission were Giuseppe Abbamonte (or Abbamonti), Giuseppe Leonardo Maria Albanese, Ercole D'Agnese, Ignazio Ciaja, Melchiorre Delfico; the last-named did not take office. The sources are not categorical in identifying D'Agnese as the president during this entire period.
�The 5-member Executive Directory (in Italian also styled Arcontato) was prescribed by the Constitution; however, the consulted sources do not positively claim that the Constitution was put into effect.
4Full title Per grazia di Dio e la Costituzione dello Stato, Re delle Due Sicilie.
Venetia
12 May 1462 Republic of Venice 16 May 1797 republic extinguished; municipality under French authority 18 Jan 1798 to Austria 19 Jan 1806 to the Kingdom of Italy (see Lombardy) 8 Nov 1813 to Austria (20 Apr 1814 for the city of Venice) 7 Apr 1815 component, with Lombardy, of Lombardo-Venetian Kingdom under the emperor of Austria 22 Mar 1848 provisional government of Venice 23 Mar 1848 Venetian Republic, informally and poetically styled Republic of Saint Mark 5 Jul 1848 Venetia 7 Aug 1848 annexation by Kingdom of Sardinia 11 Aug 1848 State of Venice 24 Aug 1849 - 23 Aug 1866 component, with Lombardy, and, after 10 Nov 1859, sole component, of Lombardo-Venetian Kingdom under the emperor of Austria 23 Aug 1866 administered by France 3 Oct 1866 annexation by Italy
Doges 25 Feb 1694 - 5 Jul 1700 Silvestro Valier (b. 1630 - d. 1700) 16 Jul 1700 - 6 May 1709 Alvise Marco Antonio Mocenigo (b. 1627 - d. 1709) 22 May 1709 - 12 Aug 1722 Giovanni Corner (b. 1647 - d. 1722) 24 Aug 1722 - 21 May 1732 Alvise Sebastiano Mocenigo (b. 1662 - d. 1732) 2 Jun 1732 - 5 Jan 1735 Carlo Ruzzini (b. 1653 - d. 1735) 17 Jan 1735 - 17 Jun 1741 Andrea Pisani (b. 1664 - d. 1741) 30 Jun 1741 - 7 Mar 1752 Pietro Grimani (b. 1677 - d. 1752) 18 Mar 1752 - 19 May 1762 Francesco Loredan (b. 1685 - d. 1762) 31 May 1762 - 31 Mar 1763 Marco Foscarini (b. 1696 - d. 1763) 19 Apr 1763 - 31 Dec 1778 Alvise Giovanni Mocenigo (b. 1701 - d. 1778) 14 Jan 1779 - 13 Feb 1789 Paolo Renier (b. 1710 - d. 1789) 9 Mar 1789 - 16 May 1797 Ludovico Manin (b. 1725 - d. 1802) Presidents of the Provisional Municipality of Venice (15-day terms, not always exact) 16 May 1797 - 30 May 1797 Nicol� Corner 31 May 1797 - 14 Jun 1797 Natale Talier (1st time) 15 Jun 1797 - 28 Jun 1797 Antonio Callegari 29 Jun 1797 - 14 Jul 1797 Giovanni Bujovich 15 Jul 1797 - 28 Jul 1797 Gaetano Benini 29 Jul 1797 - 12 Aug 1797 Giovanni Widman 13 Aug 1797 - 26 Aug 1797 Tommaso Gallino 27 Aug 1797 - 10 Sep 1797 Andrea Sordina 11 Sep 1797 - 25 Sep 1797 Giuseppe Ferro 26 Sep 1797 - 10 Oct 1797 Antonio Collalto 11 Oct 1797 - 26 Oct 1797 Francesco Mainardi 27 Oct 1797 - 8 Nov 1797 Isach Grego 9 Nov 1797 - 23 Nov 1797 Girolamo Molin 24 Nov 1797 - 179. Andrea Fontana 179. - 179. Nicol� Martinelli 179. - 179. Natale Talier (2nd time) 179. - 18 Jan 1798 Carlo Bold� President of the Provisional Government 22 Mar 1848 - 23 Mar 1848 Giovanni Francesco Avesani (b. 1790 - d. 1861) Head of the Civic Guard of Venice 23 Mar 1848 Angelo Mengaldo President 23 Mar 1848 - 5 Jul 1848 Daniele Manin (b. 1804 - d. 1857) President of the Provisional Government 5 Jul 1848 - 7 Aug 1848 Jacopo Castelli (b. 1791 - d. 1849) Dictator 11 Aug 1848 - 13 Aug 1848 Daniele Manin (s.a.) 13 Aug 1848 - 7 Mar 1849 Triumvirate - Daniele Manin (s.a.) - Leone Graziani - Giovanni Battista Cavedalis (b. 1794 - d. 1878) President of the Executive Power 7 Mar 1849 - 24 Aug 1849 Daniele Manin (s.a.)