Mozambican traditional polities (original) (raw)

Rulers: Mozambique

Note: This record is in three parts. (A) The last gasps of the Karanga empire (the "Empire of the Monomotapa"), with its spin-off Manyika (which is located in part in present-day Zimbabwe). (B) Coastal states. (C) The "Gaza State," amaGaza.

Karanga

bf.1420                Karanga state founded
   1902                remnants of state extinguished by the Portuguese
                       colonial government

Rulers� - Nzou-Samanyanga dynasty - 1803 - 1804 Cangara II 1804 - 1806 Mutiwapangome 1806 Mutiwaora 1806 - 1807 Cipfumba 1807 - 1828? Nyasoro 1828 - 1830 Cimininyambo = Kandeya II 1830 - 1849? Dzeka 1849 - 1868 Kataruza 1868 - 1870 Kandeya III 1870 - 1887 Dzuda 1887 - 1902 Cioko Dambamupute

�The style of the ruler is Mambo, the usual one in this ethnic group; but he has had from 1420 an epithet, rendered Monomotapa by the Portuguese; there has been controversy concerning the "native" form; it is often read Mwene Mutapa, but the most critical sources give it as Munhu Mutapa.

Manyika

bf.1494                Manyika state established, originally subject to Karanga
   1695                conquered by Cangamire; Nguruve lineage replaced by
                       Tembo-shumba lineage

Rulers (title Mambo) - Cikanga dynasty, Tembo-shumba lineage - 1796 - 1807 Cikanga Nyarumwe II (1st time) 1807 - 1813 Cikanga Nyangombe 1813 - 1818 Cikanga Nyamandoto II 1818 - 1822 Cikanga Nyarumwe II (2nd time) 1822 Cikanga Juru or Mutasa Juru 1822?- 1845 Mutasa Mutemberwa 1845 - 1865 Mutasa Matidya Dasi 1865 - 1870 Mutasa Mvumbi 1870 - 1902 Mutasa Tendayi Katsatso "Cifambausiku" 1902 - 1911 Mutasa Cakanyuka 1911 - 1943 Mutasa Kadzima 1943 - 1957 Mutasa Cimuriwo 1957 - 1959 Mutasa Mashita Mukukudzi 1959 - 1965 Mutasa Makanda Gomwe 1965 - Mutasa Pafiwa

Coastal states

Angoshe

   1485                Angoshe sultanate established
   1910                state extinguished by Portuguese colonial government

Sultans 1795 - 1817 Alawi ibn Muhsini 1817 - 1821 Hasan Camakama 1821 - 18.. Alawi Mugosirima 18.. - 1849 Ahmadi ibn Sulayman "Bari Bwana Mkuu" 1849 - 1861 Hasani Usufu 1861 - 1877 Musa Muhammad Sahib "Musa Quanto" 1877 - 1884 Sulayman ibn Raja 1884 - 1889 Husayn Ibrahimu 1889 - 1910 Ibrahimu ibn Sulayman

Kitangonya

bf.1750                Kitangonya sheikhdom established
af.1906                state extinguished by Portuguese colonial government

Sheikhs *1775 - 1804 Twakali Hija 1804 - 1817 Janfar Salim 1817 - 1850 Sulayman Bwana Hajj 1850 - 1873 Ali Amisi Heri 1873 - 1875 Abd al-Rahman Said Ali 1875 - 1878 vacant 1878 - 1884 Ahmadi Abd Allah 1884 - 1906 Mahmud Bwana Ahmadi 1906 - 19.. Said ibn Amisi

Sankul

   1753                Sankul sheikhdom established
   1910                state extinguished by Portuguese colonial government

Sheikhs 1797 - 1800 Mukusedi Muhammad Raja 1800 - 1804 Mutirua Muhammad 1804 - 1810 Hasan Raja 1810 - 1822 Molidi Uthman 1822 - 1832 Mukusedi Ali Muhammad Raja 1832 - 1841 Burehimu Usufu (regent to 1834) 1842 - 1862 Hasan Musa Mukusedi 1863 - 1874 Camakama Molidi 1875 - 1886 Abd Allah Usufu ibn Hasan "Umkubu Muntu" 1886 - 1898 Hasan Molidi 1898 - 1910 Suali ibn Ali Ibrahimu "Marave"

amaGaza

   1825                Sotshangane Nxumalo, grandson of Gaza Nxumalo, establishes
                       a polity and calls it amaGaza

28 Dec 1895 state extinguished by Portuguese colonial government; rebellion continued to 20 Jul 1897

Rulers (title Nkosi) - Ndwandwe dynasty, Nxumalo lineage - 1825 - 11 Oct 1858 Manukozi Sotshangane Nxumalo 11 Oct 1858 - 18.. Mawewe Nxumalo (1st time) 18.. - 18.. Mzila Nxumalo (1st time) 18.. - 1862 Mawewe Nxumalo (2nd time) 1862 - Aug 1884 Mzila Nxumalo (2nd time) Aug 1884 - 28 Dec 1895 Mdungazwe Nggunggunyana Nxumalo (b. _c._1850 - d. 1906) 1896 - 20 Jul 1897 Magigane Nxumalo (in rebellion)