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The external part of the ear receives sound vibrations, which travel down the auditory canal toward the middle ear. In the middle ear, the auditory ossicles (malleus, incus, and stapes) connect to form a chain of bones that is responsible for transmitting sound vibrations from the eardrum (tympanic membrane) to the inner ear. The sound vibrations are converted to an electrical impulse that travels along the auditory nerve to the brain.

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URL: http://www.tryphonov.ru/tryphonov/serv_r.htm#0 quotation
Ando Y., Ed. Auditory and Visual Sensations = �� . Springer, 2009, 340 p.
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[�� ](../../library/citat2%5F90/Auditory and Visual Sensations2009.pdf) = Access to the reference.
URL: http://www.tryphonov.ru/tryphonov/serv_r.htm#0 [quotation](../../library/citat2%5F90/Auditory and Visual Sensations2009.pdf)
Basbaum A.I., Shepherd G.M., Kaneko A., Westheimer J., Eds. The Senses: A Comprehensive Reference = ��. ��. 6-vol set, Academic Press, 2007, 4640 p. �� . �� = Translate into Russian.
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Borgstein J. The Basic of Ear Nose Throat = �� , 2006, 191 p.
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Dhingra P.L., Dhingra S., Ed. Diseases of Ear, Nose and Throat = �� , �� , 5th ed., Elsevier, 2010, 486 p.
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Faller A., Schuenke M., Eds. The Human Body = �� . Thieme, 2004, 710 p.
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URL: http://www.tryphonov.ru/tryphonov/serv_r.htm#0. quotation
Fletcher N.H. Acoustic Systems in Biology = �� , Oxford University, 1992, 352 p.
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URL: http://www.tryphonov.ru/tryphonov/serv_r.htm#0 [quotation](../../library/citat2%5F101/Acoustic Systems in Biology1992.pdf)
Gauffin J., Hammarberg B. Vocal Fold Physiology: Acoustic, Perceptual and Physiological Aspects of Voice Mechanisms = �� : ��, �� , Whurr Publishers Ltd, 1992, 296 p.
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[�� ](../../library/citat2%5F101/Vocal Fold Physiology1992.pdf) = Access to the reference.
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Gelfand S. Hearing: An Introduction to Psychological and Physiological Acoustics = ��. �� , 5th ed., Informa HealthCare, 2009, 322 p.
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Gelfand S. Hearing: An Introduction to Psychological and Physiological Acoustics = ��. �� , 4th ed., Informa HealthCare, 2004, 512 p.
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Gelfand S. Hearing: An Introduction to Psychological and Physiological Acoustics = ��. �� , 3th ed., Informa HealthCare, 1998, 320 p.
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Gray H., (1821�1865), Drake R., Vogl W., Mitchell A., Eds. Gray's Anatomy for Students = �. ��: �� . Churchill Livingstone, 2007, 1150 p.
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Gray H., (1821�1865), Standring S., Ed. Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice = �. ��: �� . 39th ed., Churchill Livingstone, 2008, 1600 p.
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Gray H., (1821�1865), Bannister L.H., Berry M.M., and Williams P.L., Eds. Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Medicine & Surgery = �. ��: �� . 38th ed., Churchill Livingstone, 1995, 600 p.
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Grossman S., Ed. Porth's Pathophysiology = ��, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2013, 1690 p.
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Handel S. Perceptual Coherence: Hearing and Seeing = �� . �� . Oxford University Press, USA, 2006, 492 p. �� .
[�� ](../../library/citat2%5F73/Perceptual%5FCoherence%5F Hearing%5FSeeing2006.pdf) = Access to the reference.
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Katz J., Ed. Handbook of Clinical Audiology = �� . ��, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2011, 946 p.
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Lopez-Poveda E.A., Palmer A.R., Meddis R., Eds. The Neurophysiological Bases of Auditory Perception = �� . Springer, 2010, 644 p. �� .
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URL: http://www.tryphonov.ru/tryphonov/serv_r.htm#0 quotation
Katz J., Ed. Handbook of Clinical Audiology = �� . ��, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2011, 946 p.
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Maltby M., Ed. Occupational Audiometry: Monitoring and Protecting Hearing at Work = �� . �� , Butterworth-Heinemann, 2005, 224 p.
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Manley G.A., Moore B.C.J., Patterson R.D., Winter I.M., Carlyon R.P., Gockel H.E., Eds. Basic Aspects of Hearing: Physiology and Perception = �� : �� , Springer, 2013, 544 p.
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URL: http://www.tryphonov.ru/tryphonov/serv_r.htm#0 [quotation](../../library/citat2%5F173/Basic Aspects of Hearing2013.pdf)
Moore B.C.J., Ed. Hearing. Handbook of perception and cognition = ��. �� , 2nd ed., Academic Press, 1995, 644 p. �� .
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Møller A.R. Hearing: Anatomy, Physiology, and Disorders of the Auditory System = ��. ��, �� , 2nd ed., Elsevier, 2006, 325 p.
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URL: http://www.tryphonov.ru/tryphonov/serv_r.htm#0 quotation
Otolaryngology Resources on the Internet = ��: �� .
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URL: http://www.bcm.edu/oto/othersa1.html quotation
Otolaryngology Resources on the Internet: General Otolaryngology = �� : �� .
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URL: http://www.bcm.edu/oto/othersa2.html quotation
Otolaryngology Resources on the Internet: Otology/Neurotology = ��/��: �� .
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URL: http://www.bcm.edu/oto/othersa3.html quotation
Otolaryngology Resources on the Internet: Rhinology = ��: �� .
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URL: http://www.bcm.edu/oto/othersa4.html quotation
Otolaryngology Resources on the Internet: Laryngology = ��: �� .
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URL: http://www.bcm.edu/oto/othersa5.html quotation
Plomp P. The intelligent ear: on the nature of sound perception = �� . � �� , Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2002, 185 p.
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Raichel D.R. The Science and Applications of Acoustics = ��. �� . Springer, 2006, 660 p. �� .
[�� ](../../library/citat4%5F4/Science and Applications of Acoustics2006.pdf) = Access to the reference.
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Rossing T.D., Dunn F., Hartmann W.M., Campbell D.M., Fletcher N.H., Eds. Springer Handbook of Acoustics = ��, Springer, 2007, 1182 p.
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Sanna M., Russo A., De Donato G., Caruso A., Taibah A. Color Atlas of Otoscopy: From Diagnosis to Surgery = ��: �� . �� , Thieme Medical Publishers, 2002, 230 p.
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URL: http://www.tryphonov.ru/tryphonov/serv_r.htm#0 quotation
Scadding G.K., Lund V.J. Investigative Rhinology = �� . Informa HealthCare, 2004, 208 p. �� . �� = Translate into Russian.
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Seikel J.A., King D.W., Drumright D.G., Eds. Anatomy & Physiology for Speech, Language, and Hearing = �� , �� , Delmar, 4th ed., 2010, 816 p.
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Stach B.A. Clinical Audiology: An Introduction = �� . ��. 2nd ed., Delmar, 2010, 817 p.
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Van De Water T.R., Staecker H., Eds. Otolaryngology = ��: Basic Science and Clinical Review. Thieme, 2005, 763 p.
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Ward J.P.T., Linden R.W.A., Eds. Physiology at a Glance = �� , 3rd ed., Wiley, 2013, 168 p.
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