Congo (Brazzaville) (original) (raw)
Congo (Brazzaville)
| Map of Congo (Brazzaville) | Hear National Anthem "La Congolaise" (The Congolese) 4 Nov 1959 - 31 Dec 1969; re-adopted10 Jun 1991 | Former National Anthem "Les Trois Glorieuses" (The Three Glorious Days) (1 Jan 1970 - 10 Jun 1991) | Constitution (20 Jan 2002) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Capital: Brazzaville | Currency: Communaut� Financi�re Africaine Franc (XAF); 1973-1992 Gabon CFA Franc (GAF) | National Holiday: 15 Aug (1960) F�te de l'Ind�pendance (Independence Day) | Population: 5,062,021 (2018) |
| GDP: 29.39billion(2017)∣∗∗Exports∗∗:29.39 billion (2017) | Exports: 29.39billion(2017)∣∗∗Exports∗∗:4.19 billion (2017) Imports: $2.50 billion (2017) | Ethnic groups: Kongo 40.5%, Teke 16.9%, Mbochi 13.1%, foreigner 8.2%, Sangha 5.6%, Mbere/Mbeti/Kele 4.4%, Punu 4.3%, Pygmy 1.6%, Oubanguiens 1.6%, Duma 1.5%, Makaa 1.3%, other and unspecified 1% (2014-15) | |
| Total Armed Forces: 10,000 (2010) Merchant marine: 40 ships (2017) | Religions: Roman Catholic 33.1%, Awakening Churches/Christian Revival 22.3%, Protestant 19.9%, Salutiste 2.2%, Muslim 1.6%, Kimbanguiste (indigenous Christian) 1.5%, other 8.1%, none 11.3% (2010) | ||
| International Organizations/Treaties: ACP, AfCFTA, AfDB, APM, AU, BDEAC, BEAC, BTWC, CCM, CEEAC, CEMAC, CTBT, CWC, EITI, ESCR, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, ICSID, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO (pending), ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU (suspended), IRENA (signatory), ISA, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC, LCBC (observer), MIGA, NAM, NPT, OIF, OPCW, OPEC, UN, UNCLOS,UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFCC, UNFCC-KP,UNFCC-PA,UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO |
| Congo Index | Chronology 10 Sep 1880 Brazzaville founded by French explorer Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza. 1 Oct 1880 Brazzaville a French colony. 5 Feb 1883 French La Mission de L'Ouest Africain. 26 Feb 1884 - 26 Jun 1884 Portugal declares a protectorate over Congo (to no effect). 27 Apr 1886 French Equatorial African (Afrique Equatorial Fran�aise)(AEF) Protectorate. 27 Apr 1886 French Congo and Gabon colony(Colonie de Gabon et Congo). 11 Dec 1888 Part of Middle Congo-Gabon territory (part of AEF). 30 Apr 1891 French Equatorial African Protectorate is renamed French Congo (Congo Fran�ais). 5 Jul 1902 Middle Congo district part of Lower Congo-Gabon colony. 29 Dec 1903 Separate Middle Congo (Moy en-Congo) colony. 15 Jan 1910 Middle Congo, Gabon, Oubangui-Chari (now Central African Republic), and Chad formed into French Equatorial Africa Colony (Afrique Equatorial Fran�aise)(AEF). 30 Jun 1934 Middle Congo Region (part of AEF). 31 Dec 1937 Middle Congo overseas territory of France (part of AEF). 16 Jun 1940 - 28 Aug 1940 Administration loyal to "Vichy" France (from 28 Aug 1940, under "Free" French). 27 Oct 1946 Middle Congo overseas territory of France (part of AEF). 28 Nov 1958 Republic of Congo (R�publique du Congo). 28 Nov 1958 - 15 Aug 1960 Member state of the Communaut� (French Community). 17 May 1960 - Jul 1960 Part of Union of Central African Republics (L'Union des R�publiques d'Afrique Centrale), a loose federation of Chad, Central African Republic and Republic of Congo (which withdrew Jul 1960). 15 Aug 1960 Independence from France. 31 Dec 1969 People's Republic of Congo (R�publique Populaire du Congo). 4 Jun 1991 Republic of the Congo (R�publique du Congo). |
|---|---|
| Congo (from 1883) | |
| Traditional states | |
| French Equatorial Africa (1886-1960) | |
| New Cameroon (1916-1921) | |
French Equatorial Africa (AEF)
![[France]](http://www.worldstatesmen.org/fr.gif)
| Map of French Equatorial Africa | Capital: Brazzaville (French Congo) (Libreville, Gabon 1886-1910) | Population: 4,500,000 (1958 est.); 3,418,100 (1936) |
|---|---|---|
| Currency 1945-1960: Financial Cooperation in Central Africa (CFA) Franc (XAF); 1917-1945: French Equatorial African Franc (XACF); 1910-1917: French West African Franc (XOAF) | Exports: 62.8million(1953)∣∗∗Imports∗∗:62.8 million (1953) | Imports: 62.8million(1953)∣∗∗Imports∗∗:104.2 million (1953) |
27 Apr 1886 French Equatorial African (Afrique Equatorial Fran�aise)(AEF)
Protectorate.
30 Apr 1891 French Equatorial African Protectorate is renamed
French Congo (Congo Fran�ais).
15 Jan 1910 Middle Congo, Gabon, Oubangui-Chari (now Central
African Republic), and Chad formed into French Equatorial
Africa Colony (Afrique Equatorial Fran�aise)(AEF).
16 Jun 1940 - 28 Aug 1940 Administration loyal to "Vichy" France (except for Gabon which
loyal to "Vichy" French until 12 Nov 1940)
(from 28 Aug 1940, AEF under "Free" French). Commissioners-general
1 Aug 1886 - 28 Sep 1897 Pierre Paul Fran�ois Camille (b. 1852 - d. 1905)
Savorgnan de Brazza
(= Pietro Paolo Savorgnan di Brazz�)
1 Aug 1886 - 1 Oct 1886 Georges �lie Pradier (b. 1843 - d. 1912)
(acting for Brazza)
1 Oct 1886 - Mar 1887 Fortun� Charles de Chavannes (b. 1853 - d. 1940)
(1st time)(acting for Brazza)
16 Jan 1888 - May 1890 No�l Eug�ne Ballay (b. 1847 - d. 1902)
(acting for Brazza)
25 Nov 1891 - Mar 1892 Fortun� Charles de Chavannes (s.a.)
(2nd time)(acting for Brazza)
Apr 1892 - May 1892 Fortun� Charles de Chavannes (s.a.)
(3d time)(acting for Brazza)
Jun 1892 - Mar 1893 Fortun� Charles de Chavannes (s.a.)
(4th time)(acting for Brazza)
17 Mar 1893 - 6 Oct 1893 Alphonse �douard Lippmann (b. 1851 - d. 1893)
(acting for Brazza)
Oct 1893 - Nov 1893 Ernest Emmanuel Gervais (b. 1852 - d. 1890)
(acting for Brazza)
Dec 1893 - May 1894 Fortun� Charles de Chavannes (s.a.)
(5th time)(acting for Brazza)
May 1894 - 1 Jun 1894 Jean-Marie Le Divellec (b. 1848 - d. 1896)
(acting for Brazza)
1 Jun 1894 - Nov 1894 Albert Dolisie (1st time) (b. 1856 - d. 1899)
(acting for Brazza)
Jan 1895 - Jan 1896 Albert Dolisie (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting for Brazza)
Mar 1897 - 28 Sep 1897 Albert Dolisie (3rd time) (s.a.)
(acting for Brazza)
28 Sep 1897 - 28 Apr 1900 Henri F�lix de Lamothe (b. 1843 - d. 1926)
Jun 1898 - Oct 1898 Albert Dolisie (4th time) (s.a.)
(acting for Lamothe)
Oct 1898 - Apr 1899 Martial Henri Merlin (b. 1860 - d. 1935)
(acting for Lamothe)
Oct 1899 - Mar 1900 Jean-Baptiste Phil�mon Lemaire (b. 1856 - d. 1932)
(acting for Lamothe)
28 Apr 1900 - Dec 1900 Jean-Baptiste Phil�mon Lemaire (s.a.)
(acting)
Dec 1900 - 1902 Louis Albert Grodet (acting) (b. 1853 - d. 1933)
1902 - 1903 Charles Henri Adrien Noufflard (b. 1872 - d. 1952)
(acting)
Nov 1903 - 21 Jan 1904 Ambroise C�cile Arnaud (acting) (b. 1855 - d. 1913)
21 Jan 1904 - 13 Feb 1908 �mile Gentil (b. 1866 - d. 1914) 17 Aug 1905 - 11 May 1906 �douard �mile L�on Telle (b. 1859 - d. 1949)
(acting for Gentil)
25 Sep 1906 - 5 Apr 1907 Alfred Fourneau (acting for Gentil)(b. 1860 - d. 1930)
5 Apr 1907 - 28 Jun 1908 Alfred Martineau (b. 1859 - d. 1945)
(acting for Gentil)
Governors-general
28 Jun 1908 - 15 May 1917 Martial Henri Merlin (s.a.)
28 Jun 1908 - 16 Feb 1909 Alfred Martineau (s.a.)
(acting for Merlin)
18 Oct 1909 - 1910 Charles Am�d�e Rognon (1st time) (b. 1861 - d. 1911)
(acting for Merlin)
1910 Adolphe Cureau (acting for Merlin) (b. 1864 - d. 1913)
1910 - 6 Mar 1911 Charles Am�d�e Rognon (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting for Merlin)
6 Mar 1911 - 1911 �douard Marie Bertrand Eug�ne (b. 1857 - d. 19..)
Dubosc-Taret (acting for Merlin)
1911 - 11 May 1911 Charles Henri Vergnes (1st time) (b. 1863 - d. 1935)
(acting for Merlin)
17 Oct 1912 - c.May 1913 Charles Henri Vergnes (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting for Merlin)
c.May 1913 - 17 Nov 1913 Georges Virgile Poulet (b. 1859 - d. 1945)
(acting for Merlin)
17 Nov 1913 - 14 Sep 1914 Fr�d�ric Est�be (1st time) (b. 1863 - d. 1936)
(acting for Merlin)
15 May 1917 - 16 May 1920 Gabriel Louis Angoulvant (b. 1872 - d. 1932)
17 Jun 1917 - 23 Jul 1918 Fr�d�ric Est�be (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting for Angoulvant)
Aug 1918 - 16 May 1920 Fr�d�ric Est�be (3rd time) (s.a.)
(acting for Angoulvant)
16 May 1920 - 5 Sep 1920 Maurice Pierre Lapalud (acting) (b. 1868 - d. 1935)
5 Sep 1920 - 21 Aug 1923 Jean Victor Augagneur (b. 1855 - d. 1931)
21 Aug 1923 - 8 Jul 1924 Robert Paul Marie de Guise (b. 1872 - d. 1940)
(1st time) (acting)
8 Jul 1924 - 1924 Matt�o Mathieu Maurice Alfassa (b. 1876 - d. 1942)
(1st time) (acting)
1924 - 1 Oct 1924 Robert Paul Marie de Guise (s.a.)
(2nd time) (acting)
1 Oct 1924 - 16 Oct 1924 Matt�o Mathieu Maurice Alfassa (s.a.)
(2nd time) (acting)
16 Oct 1924 - 20 Sep 1934 Rapha�l Valentin Marius Antonetti (b. 1872 - d. 1938)
11 May 1925 - Dec 1925 Matt�o Mathieu Maurice Alfassa (s.a.)
(3rd time) (acting for Antonetti)
22 Jan 1927 - 1927 Marcel Alix Jean Marchessou (b. 1879 - d. 1964)
(1st time) (acting for Antonetti)
1927 - 17 Oct 1927 Dieudonn� Fran�ois Joseph Marie (b. 1879 - d. 1976)
Reste (1st time)(acting for Antonetti)
Nov 1929 - Aug 1930 Matt�o Mathieu Maurice Alfassa (s.a.)
(4th time) (acting for Antonetti)
27 Nov 1930 - 11 Mar 1931 Adolphe Deitte (b. 1879 - d. 1949)
(acting for Antonetti)
Dec 1932 - 11 Dec 1933 Matt�o Mathieu Maurice Alfassa (s.a.)
(5th time) (acting for Antonetti)
20 Sep 1934 - 16 Oct 1934 Marcel Alix Jean Marchessou (s.a.)
(2nd time)(acting)
16 Oct 1934 - 15 Mar 1935 Georges �douard Alexandre Renard (b. 1883 - d. 1935)
20 Mar 1935 - 5 Apr 1936 Marcel Alix Jean Marchessou (s.a.)
(3rd time)(acting)
5 Apr 1936 - 21 Apr 1939 Dieudonn� Fran�ois Joseph Marie (s.a.)
Reste (2nd time)
21 Apr 1939 - 3 Sep 1939 L�on Solomiac (acting) (b. 1873 - d. 1960)
3 Sep 1939 - 28 Aug 1940 Pierre Fran�ois Boisson (b. 1893 - d. 1948)
17 Jul 1940 - 28 Aug 1940 Louis Husson (b. 1878 - d. 1963)
(acting for Boisson)
28 Aug 1940 - 12 Nov 1940 Edgard de Larminat (acting) (b. 1895 - d. 1962)
12 Nov 1940 - 30 Dec 1940 Marie Eug�ne Adolphe Sic� (acting) (b. 1885 - d. 1957)
30 Dec 1940 - 17 May 1944 Adolphe F�lix Sylvestre �bou� (b. 1884 - d. 1944)
(acting to 15 Jul 1941)
Aug 1941 - Jul 1942 Marie Eug�ne Adolphe Sic� (s.a.)
(High Commissioner of "Free" French Africa)
15 Feb 1944 - 3 Aug 1946 Ange Marie Charles Andr� (b. 1896 - d. 1947)
Bayardelle
(acting to 2 Oct 1944 [for �bou� to 17 May 1944])
3 Aug 1946 - 5 Jun 1947 Jean Louis Marie Andr� Soucadaux (b. 1904 - d. 2001)
(1st time)(acting)
5 Jun 1947 - 5 Jul 1947 Laurent Elis�e P�choux (acting) (b. 1904 - d. 2000)
5 Jul 1947 - 17 Sep 1947 Charles Luizet (b. 1903 - d. 1947)
17 Sep 1947 - 26 Mar 1948 Jean Louis Marie Andr� Soucadaux (s.a.)
(2nd time)(acting to 15 Nov 1947)
26 Mar 1948 - 21 Sep 1951 Bernard Cornut-Gentille (b. 1909 - d. 1992)
21 Sep 1951 - 4 Apr 1957 Paul Louis Gabriel Chauvet (b. 1904 - d. 2007)
High commissioners
4 Apr 1957 - 29 Jan 1958 Paul Louis Gabriel Chauvet (s.a.)
29 Jan 1958 - 15 Jul 1958 Pierre Auguste Joseph Messmer (b. 1916 - d. 2007)
15 Jul 1958 - 15 Aug 1960 Yvon Bourges (b. 1921 - d. 2009)
New Cameroon
12 Mar 1916 - 23 Mar 1921 France appoints commissioners for the territories formerly
ceded to German Kamerun on 4 Nov 1911 (Nouveau-Cameroun).
Commissioners of the Republic for Cameroon Territories previously
having been part of French Equatorial Africa
12 Mar 1916 - 23 Mar 1921 the governors-general of French
Equatorial Africa
Congo (Brazzaville)
1 Oct 1880 Brazzaville a French colony.
5 Feb 1883 French Mission de L'Ouest Africain.
27 Apr 1886 French Congo and Gabon colony (Colonie de Gabon et Congo).
11 Dec 1888 Part of Middle Congo-Gabon territory (part of AEF).
30 Apr 1891 French Equatorial African Protectorate
renamed French Congo (Congo Fran�ais).
5 Jul 1902 Middle Congo district part of Lower Congo-Gabon colony.
29 Dec 1903 Middle Congo colony
15 Jan 1910 Part of French Equatorial Africa Colony (AEF).
30 Jun 1934 Middle Congo region (part of AEF).
31 Dec 1937 Middle Congo overseas territory of France (part of AEF).
16 Jun 1940 - 28 Aug 1940 Administration loyal to Vichy France
(from 28 Aug 1940, Free French).
13 Oct 1946 Middle Congo overseas territory of France
(part of AEF).
28 Nov 1958 Autonomy (Republic of Congo).
15 Aug 1960 Independence from France (Republic of Congo).
3 Jan 1970 People's Republic of Congo
15 Mar 1992 Republic of the Congo
Presidents of the Central Committee of the Congolese Party of Labor (PCT)
31 Dec 1969 - 18 Mar 1977 Marien Ngouabi (b. 1938 - d. 1977)
19 Mar 1977 - 3 Apr 1977 Military Committee of the Congolese Party of Labor�
3 Apr 1977 - 5 Feb 1979 Jacques-Joachim Yhombi-Opango (b. 1939 - d. 2020)
5 Feb 1979 - 7 Feb 1979 Vacant
7 Feb 1979 - 4 Jun 1991 Denis Sassou-Nguesso (b. 1943)
(president of Preparatory Committee for the 3rd Extraordinary
Congress of the Congolese Party of Labor to 27? Mar 1979)
("leading" role of the party abolished 4/7 Dec 1990)
Government Commissioner
5 Feb 1883 - 27 Apr 1886 Pierre Paul Fran�ois Camille (b. 1852 - d. 1905)
Savorgnan de Brazza
Commissioner-general (of Gabon and Congo [from 30 Apr 1891 of French Congo])
27 Apr 1886 - 28 Sep 1897 Pierre Paul Fran�ois Camille (s.a.)
Savorgnan de Brazza
Resident
20 Aug 1886 - 12 Mar 1889 Fortun� Charles de Chavannes (b. 1853 - d. 1940)
Chief administrators
12 Mar 1889 - 27 Apr 1894 Fortun� Charles de Chavannes (s.a.)
27 Apr 1894 - 22 Jan 1899 Louis Henri Albert Dolisie (b. 1856 - d. 1899)
1 May 1899 - 11 Jul 1902 Jean-Baptiste Philema Lemaire (b. 1856 - d. 1932)
11 Jul 1902 - 5 Apr 1906 �mile Gentil (b. 1866 - d. 1914)
5 Apr 1906 - 12 Mar 1909 Adolphe Louis Cureau (b. 1864 - d. 1913)
17 Jan 1908 - 17 Nov 1908 �douard Marie Bertrand Eug�ne (b. 1857 - d. 19..)
Dubosc-Taret (acting for Cureau)
Lieutenant governors
12 Mar 1909 - 27 Jun 1910 Adolphe Louis Cureau (s.a.)
27 Jun 1910 - 28 Jul 1911 �douard Dubosc-Taret (acting) (s.a.)
28 Jul 1911 - 16 Apr 1916 Lucien Louis Fourneau (b. 1867 - d. 1930)
(acting to 17 Oct 1912)
16 Apr 1916 - 17 Jul 1917 Jules Gaston Henri Carde (b. 1874 - d. 1949)
(acting to 12 Oct 1916)
17 Jul 1917 - 2 Apr 1919 Jules Guy Le Prince (acting) (b. 1868 - d. 19..)
2 Apr 1919 - 16 May 1919 �dmond �milien Cadier (b. 1868 - d. 1951)
16 May 1919 - 21 Aug 1919 Jean Henri Marchand (1st time) (b. 1864 - d. 19..)
(acting)
21 Aug 1919 - 16 Aug 1922 Matt�o Mathieu Maurice Alfassa (b. 1876 - d. 1942)
16 Aug 1922 - 20 Apr 1923 Georges Thomann (acting) (b. 1872 - d. 1943)
24 Apr 1923 - 21 Jul 1925 Jean Henri Marchand (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
21 Jul 1925 - 1 Dec 1929 Administration by AEF Governor-general
1 Dec 1929 - 4 Dec 1930 Marcel Alix Jean Marchessou (b. 1879 - d. 1964)
(acting)
4 Dec 1930 - May 1931 Pierre Simon Antonin Bonnefont (b. 1877 - d. 1950)
(acting)
May 1931 - 1932 Max de Masson de Saint-F�lix (b. 1882 - d. 1958)
1932 - 21 Nov 1932 �mile Buhot-Launay (acting) (b. 1881 - d. 1970)
21 Nov 1932 - 10 Feb 1941 Administration by AEF Governor-general
10 Feb 1941 - 20 Aug 1945 Gabriel �mile Fortune (b. 1897 - d. 1971)
21 Feb 1942 - 19 Jul 1942 Jean Charles Andr� Capagorry (b. 1894 - d. 1981)
(acting for Fortune)
20 Aug 1945 - 30 Apr 1946 Administration by AEF Governor-general
30 Apr 1946 - 16 May 1946 Christian Robert Roger Laigret (b. 1903 - d. 1977)
(acting)
16 May 1946 - 6 Nov 1946 Administration by AEF Governor-general
6 Nov 1946 - 31 Dec 1947 Numa Fran�ois Henri Sadoul (b. 1906 - d. 1990)
31 Dec 1947 - 1 Mar 1950 Jacques Georges Fourneau (b. 1901 - d. 1956)
1 Mar 1950 - 25 Apr 1952 Paul Jules Marie Le Layec (b. 1901 - d. 1965)
25 Apr 1952 - 15 Jul 1953 Jean Georges Chambon (b. 1896 - d. 1965)
15 Jul 1953 - 2 Nov 1956 Ernest Eug�ne Rouys (b. 1901 - d. ....)
(acting to 19 Feb 1954)
2 Nov 1956 - 29 Jan 1958 Jean-Michel Marie Ren� Soupault (b. 1918 - d. 1993)
29 Jan 1958 - 7 Jan 1959 Charles Paul D�riaud (acting) (b. 1911 - d. 1964)
High Commissioner
7 Jan 1959 - 15 Aug 1960 Guy No�l Georgy (b. 1918 - d. 2003)
President
21 Nov 1959 - 15 Aug 1963 Fulbert Youlou (b. 1917 - d. 1972) UDDIA
Commanders, Congolese National Army
15 Aug 1963 - 16 Aug 1963 David Mountsaka (b. 1932 - d. 2010) Mil
+ F�lix Mouzabakani (b. 1934) Mil
Prime minister, Chief of the Provisional Government
16 Aug 1963 - 21 Dec 1963 Alphonse Massemba-Debat (b. 1921 - d. 1977) Mil
(= Alphonse Massamba-D�bat)
President
21 Dec 1963 - 4 Sep 1968 Alphonse Massemba-Debat (s.a.) MNR;1968 CNR
3 Aug 1968 - 4 Aug 1968 Augustin Poignet (b. 1928 - d. 2008) Mil
(acting for Massemba-Debat)
President of the National Council of the Revolution
4 Sep 1968 Marien Ngouabi (s.a.) Mil/PCT
Prime minister, Chief of the Provisional Government
4 Sep 1968 - 1 Jan 1969 Alfred Raoul (b. 1938 - d. 1999) Mil/CNR
President of the National Council of the Revolution, Head of State
1 Jan 1969 - 31 Dec 1969 Marien Ngouabi (s.a.) Mil/PCT
President of the Central Committee of the Congolese Labor Party, President
31 Dec 1969 - 18 Mar 1977 Marien Ngouabi (s.a.) Mil/PCT
19 Mar 1977 - 3 Apr 1977 Military Committee of the
Congolese Party of Labor�
- Jacques-Joachim Yhombi-Opango (s.a.) Mil/PCT
- Denis Sassou-Nguesso (s.a.) Mil/PCT
- Louis Sylvain-Goma (b. 1941) Mil/PCT
- Jean-Michel Ebaka (b. c.1939 - d. 2019)Mil/PCT
- Raymond Damase Ngollo (b. 1936 - d. 2017) Mil/PCT
- Martin Mbia (b. 1934) Mil/PCT
- Pascal Bima (b. 1930 - d. 2003) Mil/PCT
- Nicolas Okongo (b. 1939 - d. 2006) Mil/PCT
- Fran�ois-Xavier Katali (b. 1941 - d. 1986) Mil/PCT
- Florent Ntsiba (Tsiba) (b. 1949) Mil/PCT
- Pierre Anga (b. 1940 - d. 1988) Mil/PCT
President of the Military Committee of Congolese Party of Labor, Head of State
3 Apr 1977 - 5 Apr 1977 Jacques-Joachim Yhombi-Opango (s.a.) Mil/PCT
President of the Military Committee of the Congolese Party of Labor, President
5 Apr 1979 - 5 Feb 1979 Jacques-Joachim Yhombi-Opango (s.a.) Mil/PCT
President of the Central Committee of Congolese Party of Labor
5 Feb 1979 - 7 Feb 1979 Vacant
7 Feb 1979 - 30 Mar 1979 Denis Sassou-Nguesso (s.a.) PCT
(president of Preparatory Committee for the 3rd Extraordinary
Congress of the Congolese Party of Labor to 27? Mar 1979)
President of the Central Committee of the Congolese Party of Labor, President
30 Mar 1979 - 4 Jun 1991 Denis Sassou-Nguesso (s.a.) PCT
Presidents
4 Jun 1991 - 31 Aug 1992 Denis Sassou-Nguesso (1st time) (s.a.) PCT
31 Aug 1992 - 24 Oct 1997 Pascal Lissouba (b. 1931 - d. 2020) UPADS
(fled country 18 Oct 1997)
24 Oct 1997 - Denis Sassou-Nguesso (2nd time) (s.a.) PCT +
(de facto in control from 18 Oct 1997) 2002-07 FDU;2007 RM
Vice President of the Government Council
15 May 1957 - 26 Jul 1958Jacques Opangault (b. 1907 - d. 1978) MSA
President of the Council of Government
26 Jul 1958 - 28 Nov 1958 Jacques Opangault (s.a.) MSA
Prime ministers
28 Nov 1958 - 21 Nov 1959 Fulbert Youlou (s.a.) UDDIA
21 Nov 1959 - 16 Aug 1963 Post abolished
16 Aug 1963 - 19 Dec 1963 Alphonse Massemba-Debat (s.a.) Non-party
24 Dec 1963 - 15 Apr 1966 Pascal Lissouba (s.a.) MNR
6 May 1966 - 12 Jan 1968 Ambroise Noumazalaye (b. 1933 - d. 2007) MNR
4 Aug 1968 - 30 Dec 1969 Alfred Raoul (s.a.) Mil/CNR
28 Jul 1973 - 18 Dec 1975 Henri Lop�s (b. 1937 - d. 2023) PCT
18 Dec 1975 - 7 Aug 1984 Louis Sylvain Goma (1st time) (s.a.) PCT
7 Aug 1984 - 7 Aug 1989 Ange �douard Poungui (b. 1942) PCT
7 Aug 1989 - 3 Dec 1990 Alphonse Poaty-Souchlaty (b. 1941 - d. 2024) PCT
3 Dec 1990 - 8 Jan 1991 Pierre Moussa (acting) (b. 1941) PCT
8 Jan 1991 - 8 Jun 1991 Louis Sylvain Goma (2nd time) (s.a.) PCT
8 Jun 1991 - 2 Sep 1992 Andr� Milongo (b. 1935 - d. 2007) Non-party
2 Sep 1992 - 6 Dec 1992 St�phane Maurice Bongho-Nouarra (b. 1937 - d. 2007) AND
6 Dec 1992 - 23 Jun 1993 Claude Antoine Dacosta (b. 1931 - d. 2007) Non-party
23 Jun 1993 - 27 Aug 1996 Jacques-Joachim Yhombi-Opango (s.a.) RDD
27 Aug 1996 - 8 Sep 1997 Charles David Ganao (b. 1926 - d. 2012) UFD
8 Sep 1997 - 15 Oct 1997 Bernard Bakana Kol�las (b. 1933 - d. 2009) MCDDI
24 Oct 1997 - 7 Jan 2005 Post abolished
7 Jan 2005 - 15 Sep 2009 Isidore Mvouba (b. 1954) PCT
15 Sep 2009 - 23 Apr 2016 Post abolished
23 Apr 2016 - 18 May 2021 Cl�ment Mouamba (b. 1943 - d. 2021) Ind;2017 PCT
18 May 2021 - Anatole Collinet Makosso (b. 1965) PCT
�The membership of the committee was only announced on 3 Apr 1977; in the same communiqu� it was stated that Yhombi-Opango (s.a.) was chosen as chairman of the committee on 19 Mar 1977.
Territorial Dispute: The location of the boundary in the broad Congo River with the Democratic Republic of the Congo is indefinite except in the Pool Malebo/Stanley Pool area.
Party abbreviations: Ind = Independent; MCDDI = Mouvement Congolais pour la D�mocratie et le D�veloppement Int�gral (Congolese Movement for Democracy and Comprehensive Development, conservative, est.1990); PCT = Parti Congolais du Travail (Congolese Party of Labor, socialist, 1969-10 Jun 1991 state party, Marxist-Leninist Communist 31 Dec 1969-10 Dec 1990, est.31 Dec 1969); RDD = Rassemblement pour la D�mocratie et le D�veloppement (Rally for Democracy and Development, est.1990); RMP = Rassemblement pour la Majorit� Pr�sidentielle (Rally for the Presidential Majority, former FDU, est.Dec 2007); UFD = Union des Forces D�mocratiques (Union ofDemocratic Forces); UDPAS = Union Panafricaine pour la D�mocratie Sociale (Pan-African Union for Social Democracy, social-democratic, Pan-African, est.1991); Mil = Military;
- Former parties: AND = Alliance Nationale pour la D�mocratie (National Alliance for Democracy, UPADS anti-PCT coalition, 1991-1993);CNR = Conseil National de la R�volution (National Council of the Revolution, socialist, 1968-69 only legal party, 5 Aug 1968-30 Dec 1969); FDU = Forces D�mocratiques Unies (United Democratic Forces, PCT dominated coalition, incl. Liberal Republican Party, National Union for Democracy and Progress, Patriotic Union for the National Reconstruction, and Union for the National Renewal, 2001-Dec 2007, renamed RMP); MNR = Mouvement National de la R�volution (National Revolutionary Movement, socialist, 1964-1968, only legal party Jul 1964-1 Aug 1968); MSA = Mouvement Socialiste Africain (African Socialist Movement, social-democratic, 1946-1964); UDDIA = Union D�mocratique pour la D�fense des Int�r�ts Africains (Democratic Union for the Defense of African Interests, conservative, 1956-1964)
� Ben Cahoon