Guatemala (original) (raw)

Guatemala

to 15 Sep 1821	15 Sep 1821 - 5 Jan 1822	21 Aug 1823 - 22 Nov 1824
22 Nov 1824 - 1839	1 Jan 1825 - 14 Mar 1851 Civil Flag	1839 - 26 Oct 1843 State Flag
26 Oct 1843 - 14 Mar 1851 State Flag	14 Mar 1851 - 31 May 1858 State Flag	14 Mar 1851 - 31 May 1858 Civil Flag
31 May 1858 - 17 Aug 1871 State Flag	31 May 1858 - 17 Aug 1871 Civil Flag	17 Aug 1871 - 18 Nov 1871
18 Nov 1871 - c.1900 State Flag	c.1900 - 15 Sep 1968 State Flag	Adopted 15 Sep 1968 State Flag

Kingdom of Guatemala

25 Jul 1524 Province of Guatemala
20 Nov 1542 Real Audiencia de los Confines de Guatemala y Nicaragua
established.
1560 Kingdom of Guatemala (Reino de Guatemala) a Captaincy-general,
subordinated to New Spain (Chiapas, Costa Rica, and El Salvador,
Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua).
15 Sep 1821 Independence of the colonial "Kingdom of Guatemala" (modern
Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua
and Chaipas)(see Central America).

Lieutenant governor

6 Dec 1523 - 18 Dec 1527 Pedro de Alvarado y Contreras (b. 1485 - d. 1541)
1526 Gonzalo de Alvarado y Contreras (b. 1482 - d. 1541)
(acting)
Aug 1526 - 1527 Pedro de Portocarrero (acting) (b. c.1504 - d. c.1539)
Governors
18 Dec 1527 - 14 Aug 1529 Pedro de Alvarado y Contreras (s.a.)
(1st time)
1527 - 14 Aug 1529 Jorge de Alvarado (1st time)(acting) (b. c.1480 - d. c.1553)
14 Aug 1529 - 1530 Francisco de Ordu�a (acting) (b. c.1486 - d. 1550)
1530 - 1533 Pedro de Alvarado y Contreras (s.a.)
(2nd time)
1533 - Apr 1535 Jorge de Alvarado (2nd time)(acting) (s.a.)
Apr 1535 - Feb 1536 Pedro de Alvarado y Contreras (s.a.)
(3rd time)
Feb 1536 - 1539 Alonso de Maldonado (acting) (b. 1480 - d. 1564)
1539 - 4 Jul 1541 Pedro de Alvarado y Contreras (s.a.)
(4th time)
4 Jul 1541 - 9 Sep 1541 Francisco de la Cueva y Villacreces (b. 1510 - d. 1576)
(1st time)(acting)
9 Sep 1541 - 11 Sep 1541 Beatr�z de Alva de la Cueva (f) (b. 1490 - d. 1541)

11 Sep 1541 - 17 Sep 1541 Francisco de la Cueva y Villacreces (s.a.)
(2nd time)(acting)
17 Sep 1541 - 17 May 1542 Francisco de Marroqu�n Hurtado, (b. 1499 - d. 1563)
obispo de Santiago de Guatemala

17 May 1542 - 16 Sep 1543 Alonso de Maldonado (2nd time) (s.a.)

(interim)

Presidents of the Real Audiencia de los Confines de Guatemala

16 Sep 1543- 26 May 1548 Alonso de Maldonado (s.a.)
26 May 1548 - 14 Jan 1555 Alonso L�pez de Cerrato (b. c.1489 - d. 1555)
Governors and Presidents of the Audiencia

14 Jan 1555 - 20 Oct 1555 Antonio Rodr�guez de Quesada (d. 1557)
1555 - 1556 Alonso de Zorita (acting) (b. 1512 - d. 1586)

1556 - 2 Sep 1559 Pedro Ram�rez de Qui��nes (regent) (d. 1582)
2 Sep 1559 - 2 Aug 1564 Juan Mart�nez de Landecho (b. c.1510 - d. c.1570)
2 Aug 1564 - 5 Jan 1570 Francisco Brice�o (interim) (b. 1500 - d. 1575)
Governors, Captains-general, and Presidents
5 Jan 1570 - 26 Jan 1573 Antonio Gonz�lez (b. c.1535 - d. 1601)
26 Jan 1573 - 4 Feb 1578 Pedro de Villalobos (b. c.1520 - d. 1579)
4 Feb 1578 - 21 Jul 1589 Diego Garc�a de Valverde (b. c.1515 - d. 1589)
21 Jul 1589 - 3 Aug 1594 Pedro Mall�n de Rueda (d. af.1595)
3 Aug 1594 - 20 Jun 1596 Francisco de Sande Pic�n (interim) (b. c.1540 - d. 1602)
20 Jun 1596 - 19 Sep 1598 �lvaro G�mez de Ab�unza y Castro (d. af.1609)
(regent)
19 Sep 1598 - 19 Sep 1611 Alonso Criado de Castilla (b. 1540 - d. 1611)
19 Sep 1611 - 21 Apr 1627 Antonio Peraza de Ayala Castilla (b. 1549 - d. 1629)
y Rojas, conde de la Gomera
21 Apr 1627 - 16 Mar 1634 Diego de Acu�a
16 Mar 1634 - 16 Mar 1642 �lvaro de Qui��nes y Osorio, (b. c.1575 - d. 1642)
marqu�s de Lorenzana
16 Mar 1642 - 2 Aug 1649 Di�go de Avenda�o (d. 1649)
2 Aug 1649 - 1654? Antonio de Lara y Mogrovejo (interim) (d. 1668)
14 May 1654 - 28 Mar 1657 Fernando de Altamirano y Velasco, (b. c.1589 - d. 1657)
conde de Santiago de Calimaya
28 Mar 1657 - 6 Jan 1659 Pedro de Meli�n (interim) (d. 1659)
6 Jan 1659 - 8 Jan 1667 Mart�nCarlos de Mencos y Arbiz� (b. 1597 - d. 1667)
18 Jan 1667 - 29 Oct 1670 Sebasti�n �lvarez Alfonso Rosica (b. 1609 - d. 1672)
de Caldas
29 Oct 1670 - 9 Jun 1672 Juan de Sancto Math�a S�enz de (b. 1611 - d. 1675)
Ma�ozca y Murillo, obispo de Guatemala
9 Jun 1672 - 22 Dec 1678 Fernando Francisco de Escobedo (b. 1625 - d. 1688)
22 Dec 1678 - 23 Dec 1681 Lope de Sierra Osorio y Vald�s (b. 1643 - d. 1702)
(interim)
23 Dec 1681 - 14 Dec 1683 Juan Miguel de Agurto y Salcedo (b. 1630 - d. 1686)
(interim)
14 Dec 1683 - 26 Jan 1688 Enrique Enr�quez de Guzm�n
26 Jan 1688 - 1 Feb 1691 Jacinto de Barrios y Leal (1st time) (b. 1656 - d. 1695)
1 Feb 1691 - 23 Nov 1693 Fernando L�pez de Ursino y Orbaneja (b. 1600 - d. 1699)
(interim)
23 Nov 1693 - 12 Nov 1695 Jacinto de Barrios y Leal (2nd time) (s.a.)
14 Nov 1695 - 26 Mar 1696 Jos� de Scals de la Scala y Jover (b. 1658 - d. af.1701)

(interim)
27 Mar 1696 - 19 Feb 1700 Gabriel S�nchez de Berrospe (1st time)(b. 16.. - d. 1702)
20 Feb 1700 - 12 Mar 1700 Gregorio Carrillo y Escudero (b. 1663 - d. 1723)

(1st time)(interim)
12 Mar 1700 - 22 Mar 1700 Juan Jer�nimo Duardo (Heduardo) (b. 16.. - d. 1717)
(1st time)(interim)
22 Mar 1700 - 5 Apr 1700 Bartolom� de Am�squita (acting)
5 Apr 1700 - 6 Apr 1700 Gregorio Carrillo y Escudero (s.a.)

(2nd time)(interim)

6 Apr 1700 - Feb 1702 Gabriel S�nchez de Berrospe (2nd time)(s.a.)
Feb 1702 - 20 May 1702 Juan Jer�nimo Duardo (Heduardo) (s.a.)

(2nd time)(interim)

14 May 1702 - 27 Oct 1703 Alonso de Ceballos y Villagutierra (b. 1633 - d. 1703)
27 Oct 1703 - 30 Aug 1706 Jos� Osorio Espinosa de Los Monteros (b. 16.. - d. af.1715)

(acting to 1704)
30 Aug 1706 - 8 Oct 1716 Toribio Jos� Miguel de Cos�o y (b. 1665 - d. 1743)
Campa, marqu�s de Torre Campo
8 Oct 1716 - 1 Dec 1724 Francisco Rodr�guez de Rivas (b. 1662 - d. c.1731)
2 Dec 1724 - 11 Jul 1733 Antonio Pedro de Echevers y (b. 1652 - d. 1733)
Suviza
11 Jul 1733 - 16 Oct 1742 Pedro de Rivera y Villal�n (b. c.1664 - d. 1745)
16 Oct 1742 - 26 Sep 1748 Tom�s de Rivera y Santa Cruz (b. 1710 - d. 1765)
26 Sep 1748 - 17 Jan 1752 Jos� de Araujo y R�o (d. 1754)
17 Jan 1752 - 24 Jun 1753 Jos� V�squez Prego Montaos y (d. 1753)
Sotomayor
24 Jun 1753 - 17 Oct 1754 Juan de Velarde y Cienfuegos (b. c.1709 - d. 1793)
(1st time) (interim)
17 Oct 1754 - 27 Oct 1760 Alonso de Arcos y Moreno (b. 1700 - d. 1760)
27 Oct 1760 - 14 Jun 1761 Juan de Velarde y Cienfuegos (s.a.)
(2nd time) (interim)
14 Jun 1761 - 3 Dec 1765 Alonso Fern�ndez de Heredia (b. 17.. - d. 1772)
3 Dec 1765 - 20 May 1771 Pedro de Salazar y Herrera N�jera y (b. 1704 - d. 1771)

Mendoza
20 May 1771 - 12 Jun 1773 Juan Manuel Gonz�lez Bustillo y (b. 1725 - d. 1797)
Villase�or (interim)
12 Jun 1773 - 4 Apr 1779 Mart�n de Mayorga y Ferrer (b. 1721 - d. 1783)
4 Apr 1779 - 3 Apr 1783 Mat�as de G�lvez y Gallardo Madrid (b. 1717 - d. 1784)
y Cabrera (acting to 14 May 1779)
3 Apr 1783 - 29 Dec 1789 Jos� de Estacher�a y Hern�ndez (b. 1727 - d. 1802)
31 Dec 1789 - 25 May 1794 Bernardo Troncoso Mart�nez del Rinc�n (b. 1730 - d. 1804)
25 May 1794 - 28 Jul 1801 Jos� Dom�s y Valle (b. 1723 - d. 1803)
28 Jul 1801 - 14 Mar 1811 Antonio Gonz�lez Mollinedo y Saravia (b. 1743 - d. 1812)
14 Mar 1811 - 28 Mar 1818 Jos� de Bustamante y Guerra (b. 1759 - d. 1825)
28 Mar 1818 - 9 Sep 1821 Carlos de Urrutia y Montoya (b. 1750 - d. 1825)

9 Sep 1821 - 15 Sep 1821 Gabino de Ga�nza y Fern�ndez de (b. 1753 - d. 1829)
Medrano (interim)

Central America

15 Sep 1821 Independence of colonial "Kingdom of Guatemala" (Reino de Guatemala)(now Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras,
Nicaragua and Chiapas); also styled Provinces of Central America
(Provincias del Centro de Am�rica).
5 Jan 1822 - 30 Jun 1823 Incorporation into Mexico.
30 Jun 1823 Incorporation into the Mexican Empire is declared null and void.
1 Jul 1823 Provinces represented in an assembly meeting in Guatemala City are
proclaimed free and independent from Spain and Mexico and form a
federation (El Salvador and Guatemala); United Provinces of
Central America (Provincias Unidas del Centro de Am�rica).
2 Jul 1823 Nicaragua joins.
10 Jul 1823 United Provinces of the Center of America (Provincias Unidas del
Centro de Am�rica), also styled "Republic of the Centre of
America" (Rep�blica del Centro de Am�rica)(El Salvador,
Guatemala, and Nicaragua).
2 Oct 1823 Declaration of independence is confirmed and ratified by resolution
of National Constituent Assembly (passed 1 Oct 1823).
6 Mar 1824 Costa Rica admitted (passed 4 Mar 1823).
22 Nov 1824 Honduras joins.
22 Nov 1824 Federal Republic of Central America (Rep�blica Federal de
Centroam�rica). Constitution of 1824 prescribed the following
name: Federation of Central America (Federaci�n de Centro Am�rica). In official use "Rep�blica Federal de Centroam�rica" was most common.
2 May 1838 Nicaragua exits the Federation.
30 May 1838 Constituent states of the Central-American Federation are declared
free to choose a form of government provided that it is based on
popular representation.
16 Aug 1838 Departments of Solol�, Totonicap�n and Quetzaltenango are
authorized to form a new member state of the Central American
Federation, decree of the Congress (passed by the Chamber of
Deputies 5 Jun 1838, passed by the Senate 14 Aug 1838).
16 Aug 1838 - 29 Jan 1840 State of Los Altos part of the federation.
26 Oct 1838 Honduras exits the Federation.
15 Nov 1838 Costa Rica exits the Federation.
17 Apr 1839 Guatemala exits the Federation.
Mar 1840 Federation effectively dissolved after successive secessions
of the states.
2 Feb 1841 El Salvador becomes a republic (officially end of the federation).
29 Mar 1844 - 1 Dec 1844 Abortive attempt to create a Confederation of Central America
(El Salvador, Guatemala [to Jun 1844], Honduras, Nicaragua).
13 Oct 1852 - 10 Nov 1852 Abortive attempt to create a Federation of Central America
(El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua).
20 Jun 1895 Treaty of the Union is signed in Amapala, Honduras, by the
representatives of El Salvador, Honduras and Nicaragua.
3 Aug 1895 Ratified by Nicaragua.
5 May 1896 Ratified by El Salvador.
15 Sep 1896 Republic of Greater Central America (Rep�blica Mayor de Centro
Am�rica)(El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua); provisional
federal authority is constituted at a meeting in San Salvador,
El Salvador.
1 Nov 1898 Renamed United States of Central America (Estados Unidos de
Centro Am�rica).
25 Nov 1898 El Salvador resumes full sovereignty and independence.
29 Nov 1898 Honduras resumes full sovereignty and independence.
30 Nov 1898 Federation is dissolved.
1 Dec 1898 Nicaragua resumes full sovereignty and independence.
19 Jan 1921 Pact of the Union is signed in San Jos� de Costa Rica by the
representatives of El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Costa
Rica.
3 Feb 1921 Ratified by Honduras.
25 Feb 1921 Ratified by El Salvador.
9 Apr 1921 Ratified by Guatemala.
13 Jun 1921 Federation of Central America (Federaci�n de Centro Am�rica)
(El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras); provisional federal
authority is constituted at a meeting in Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
1 Oct 1921 Renamed Republic of Central America (Rep�blica de Centro Am�rica).
14 Jan 1922 Guatemala resumed full sovereignty and independence.
4 Feb 1922 El Salvador resumed full sovereignty and independence.
7 Feb 1922 Honduras resumed full sovereignty and independence.

Superior Political Chiefs, Captains General and Intendants General of the Provinces of Guatemala
15 Sep 1821 - 22 Jun 1822 Gabino de Ga�nza y Fern�ndez de (b. 1753 - d. 1829)
Medrano
22 Jun 1822 - 17 Jul 1823 Vicente Fil�sola de Mart�nez (b. 1785 - d. 1850)
Supreme Executive Power of the United Provinces of Central America
(from 22 Nov 1824, Federal Republic of Central America)
[three members, presidency rotated monthly in order of their appointment]
10 Jul 1823 - 5 Oct 1823 First Triumvirate
- Antonio Rivera Cabezas (b. 1784 - d. 1851)
- Pedro Jos� Antonio Molina (b. 1777 - d. 1854)
Mazariegos
- Juan Vicente Villacorta D�az (b. 1764 - d. 1828)
5 Oct 1823 - 29 Apr 1825 Second Triumvirate
- Tom�s Antonio O'Horan y Arg�ello (b. 1776 - d. 1848)
- Jos� Santiago Milla Pineda (b. 1783 - d. ....)
Arriaga (to 5 Feb 1824)
- Juan Vicente Villacorta D�az (s.a.)
(substitute; 8? Oct 1823 - 15 Mar 1824)
- Jos� Cecilio D�az del Valle y (b. 1780 - d. 1834) Con
D�az del Valle (from 5 Feb 1824)
- Manuel Jos� Arce y Fagoaga (b. 1768 - d. 1847) Lib
(15 Mar 1824 - 4 Sep 1824)
- Jos� Manuel de la Cerda y (b. c.1780 - d. 1840)
Aguilar (from 25 Oct 1824)
President of the Federal Republic of Central America
29 Apr 1825 - 13 Apr 1829 Manuel Jos� Arce y Fagoaga (s.a.) Lib
General in Chief of the Allied Armies Protectors of the Law
13 Apr 1829 - 25 Jun 1829 Jos� Francisco Moraz�n Quezada (b. 1792 - d. 1842) Lib
(1st time)(General-in-chief)
Senator President of the Federal Republic of Central America
26 Jun 1829 - 16 Sep 1830 Jos� Francisco Mar�a Pedro Regalado(b. 1787 - d. 1854)
Juan Nepomuceno del Sant�simo
Sacramento Barrundia Cepeda
(acting)
Presidents of the Federal Republic of Central America
16 Sep 1830 - 16 Sep 1834 Jos� Francisco Moraz�n Quezada (s.a.) Lib
(2nd time)
16 Sep 1834 - 14 Feb 1835 Jos� Gregorio Salazar Lara (acting)(b. 1773 - d. 1838)
14 Feb 1835 - 1 Feb 1839 Jos� Francisco Moraz�n Quezada (s.a.) Lib
(3rd time)
1 Feb 1839 - Mar 1840 Diego Vigil Coca�a (acting) (b. 1799 - d. 1845)
President of the Federal Council of the Confederation of Central America
Mar 1844 - 29 Mar 1844 Juan Nepomuceno Fern�ndez Lindo (b. 1790 - d. 1857) Con
y Zelaya (Honduras)
Supreme Delegate of the Confederation of Central America
29 Mar 1844 - 1 Dec 1844 Jos�Fruto Chamorro P�rez (b. 1806 - d. 1855)
(Nicaragua)
Provisional Presidents of the Federation of Central America
13 Oct 1852 - 28 Oct 1852 Jos� Trinidad Caba�as Fiallos (b. 1805 - d. 1871)
(elected, but did not take office)
(Honduras)
28 Oct 1852 - 10 Nov 1852 Francisco Antonio Castell�n (b. 1815 - d. 1855)
Sanabria (Nicaragua)
Diet of the Republic of Greater Central America
15 Sep 1896 - 1 Nov 1898 Jacinto Castellanos Rivas (b. 1843 - d. 1897)
(El Salvador)(to 189.)
(from 17 Sep 1896, president of the Diet)
+ Enrique Constantino Fiallos (b. 1861 - d. 1910)
Moreno (Honduras)(to 189.)
+ Eugenio Mendoza (Nicaragua)
(to 1898)
+ Juan Bautista Soriano
(Honduras)(189. - 189.)
+ Rafael Reyes (El Salvador)
(189. - 1 Nov 1898)
+ Pedro H. Bonilla (Nicaragua)
(189. - 1 Nov 1898)
Federal Executive Council of the United States of Central America
1 Nov 1898 - 29 Nov 1898 Manuel Coronel Matus (Nicaragua) (b. 1864 - d. 1910)
+ Salvador Gallegos Valdez (b. 1844 - d. 1919)
(El Salvador)
+ �ngel Ugarte Vega (Honduras) (b. 1856 - d. 1926)
President of the Provisional Federal Council of Central America **(from 9 Sep 1921, Republic of Central America)**�
13 Jun 1921 - 29 Jan 1922 Jos� Vicente Mart�nez (b. 1863 - d. 1922)
(Guatemala)

�Elected delegates of the Council were: Jos� Llerena (b. 1849 - d. 1924)(Guatemala; never takes office), Jos� Vicente Mart�nez (Guatemala; substitute for Llerena)(s.a.), Francisco Mart�nez Su�rez (El Salvador), and Dionisio Guti�rrez (Honduras)(b. 1853 - d. 1935).

On 22 Dec 1921, Marcial Prem Bola�os (b. 1856 - d. 1942) is elected sole member for Guatemala while the election of Llerena and Mart�nez is declared illegal, he is not allowed to take his seat on the Council and Mart�nez continues in office without consent of the government of Guatemala.

The sessions are suspended by decree of the Council of 29 Jan 1922 and never resumed until the last member of the Federation (Honduras) re-assumes full sovereignty and independence on 7 Feb 1922.

Party abbreviations: Con = Conservador (Conservative); Lib = Liberal

Guatemala

10 Jul 1823 State of Guatemala; constituent state of the Central American
Federation to 17 Apr 1839.
21 Mar 1847 Republic of Guatemala
13 Jun 1921 - 14 Jan 1922 State of Guatemala, during a later aborted attempt at
recreating a Central American Federation
14 Jan 1922 Republic of Guatemala.

Supreme Chiefs of State

10 Jul 1823 - 15 Sep 1824 direct rule by Federation government

15 Sep 1824 - 12 Oct 1824 Alejandro D�az Cabeza de Vaca (b. 1766 - d. 18..) Con

y Palacios (provisional)

12 Oct 1824 - 9 Sep 1826 Juan Nepomuceno Barrundia Cepeda (b. 1787 - d. 1854) Lib

(1st time)

9 Sep 1826 - 13 Oct 1826 Jos� Cirilo Flores Estrada (acting)(b. 1779 - d. 1826)

13 Oct 1826 - 2 Jan 1827 direct rule by Federation government

2 Jan 1827 - 1 Mar 1827 Jos� Domingo Estrada (acting) Con

1 Mar 1827 - 13 Apr 1829 Mariano de Aycinena y Pi�ol (b. 1789 - d. 1855) Con

13 Apr 1829 - 30 Apr 1829 Mariano Zenteno (provisional) (b. 1773 - d. 1838)

30 Apr 1829 - 30 Aug 1829 Juan Nepomuceno Barrundia Cepeda (s.a.) Lib

(2nd time)

30 Aug 1829 - 27 Oct 1830 Pedro Jos� Antonio Molina (b. 1777 - d. 1854) Lib

Mazariegos

27 Oct 1830 - 10 Feb 1831 Antonio Rivera Cabezas (acting) (b. 1784 - d. 1851)

10 Feb 1831 - 28 Aug 1831 Jos� Gregorio M�rquez (acting)

28 Aug 1831 - 3 Mar 1838 Jos� Mariano Felipe Goyena y G�lvez(b. 1794 - d. 1862) Lib

3 Mar 1838 - 29 Jul 1838 Pedro Jos� Ignacio de Santa Marta (b. 1797 - d. 1865) Lib

Valenzuela y J�uregui (acting)

29 Jul 1838 - 30 Jan 1839 Mariano Rivera Paz (1st time) (b. 1804 - d. 1849) Con

(acting)

30 Jan 1839 - 13 Apr 1839 Carlos Salazar Castro (provisional)(b. 1800 - d. 1867)

13 Apr 1839 - 3 Dec 1839 Mariano Rivera Paz (2nd time) (s.a.) Con

(acting)

Presidents

3 Dec 1839 - 25 Feb 1842 Mariano Rivera Paz (1st time) (s.a.) Lib

14 Dec 1841 - 14 May 1842 Jos� Venancio L�pez Requena (b. 1791 - d. 1863) Lib

(acting for Rivera Paz to 25 Feb 1842)

14 May 1842 - 14 Dec 1844 Mariano Rivera Paz (2nd time) (s.a.) Con

14 Dec 1844 - 16 Aug 1848 Jos� Rafael Carrera Turcios (b. 1814 - d. 1865) Con

(1st time)

16 Aug 1848 - 28 Nov 1848 Juan Antonio Mart�nez Mart�nez (b. 1783 - d. 1854) Con

(interim)

28 Nov 1848 - 3 Jan 1849 Jos� Bernardo Escobar (interim) (b. 1797 - d. 1849) Con

3 Jan 1849 - 6 Nov 1851 Jos� Mariano de Jes�s Paredes (b. 1800? - d. 1856) Lib

(interim)

6 Nov 1851 - 14 Apr 1865 Jos� Rafael Carrera Turcios (s.a.) Con

(2nd time)

14 Apr 1865 - 24 May 1865 Pedro de Alc�ntara de Santa Teresa (b. 1802 - d. 1897) Con

de Aycinena y Pi�ol (acting)

24 May 1865 - 29 Jun 1871 Vicente Cerna Cerna (b. 1810 - d. 1885) Lib
29 Jun 1871 - 4 Jun 1873 Miguel Garc�a Granados Zavala (b. 1809 - d. 1878) Lib

(provisional; in rebellion from 3 Jun 1871)

4 Jun 1873 - 2 Apr 1885 Justo Rufino Barrios Auy�n (b. 1835 - d. 1885) Lib

2 Apr 1885 - 5 Apr 1885 Alejandro Manuel Sinibaldi y (b. 1825 - d. 1896) Lib

Castro (acting)

5 Apr 1885 - 15 Mar 1892 Manuel Lisandro Barillas Berci�n (b. 1845 - d. 1907) Lib

(acting to 15 Mar 1886)

15 Mar 1892 - 8 Feb 1898 Jos� Mar�a Reina Barrios (b. 1854 - d. 1898) Lib

8 Feb 1898 - 15 Apr 1920 Manuel Jos� Estrada Cabrera (b. 1857 - d. 1924) Lib

(acting to 21 Mar 1898)

15 Apr 1920 - 10 Dec 1921 Carlos Rafael Herrera y Luna (b. 1856 - d. 1930) Con

(acting to 15 Sep 1920; Head of State from 1 Oct 1921;

in rebellion 8-15 Apr 1920)

10 Dec 1921 - 26 Sep 1926 Jos� Mar�a Orellana Pinto (b. 1872 - d. 1926) Lib

(acting to 4 Mar 1922)

26 Sep 1926 - 2 Jan 1931 L�zaro Chac�n Gonz�lez (b. 1873 - d. 1931) Lib

(acting to 18 Dec 1926; incapacitated from 12 Dec 1930)

12 Dec 1930 - 17 Dec 1930 Baudilio Palma (b. 1874 - d. 1930) Lib

(provisional, acting for Chac�n Gonz�lez)

17 Dec 1930 - 2 Jan 1931 Manuel Mar�a Orellana Contreras (b. 1870 - d. 1940) Mil

(provisional, acting for Chac�n Gonz�lez)

2 Jan 1931 - 14 Feb 1931 Jos� Mar�a Reina Andrade (acting) (b. 1860 - d. 1947) Con

14 Feb 1931 - 4 Jul 1944 Jorge Ubico y Casta�eda (b. 1878 - d. 1946) Lib

4 Jul 1944 - 20 Oct 1944 Juan Federico Ponce Vaides (acting)(b. 1889 - d. 1956) Mil

20 Oct 1944 - 15 Mar 1945 Revolutionary Government Junta

- Francisco Javier Arana Castro (b. 1905 - d. 1949) Mil

- Jacobo �rbenz Guzm�n (b. 1913 - d. 1971) Mil

- Jorge Toriello Garrido (b. 1908 - d. 1998) Non-party

15 Mar 1945 - 15 Mar 1951 Juan Jos� Ar�valo Bermejo (b. 1904 - d. 1990) PAR

15 Mar 1951 - 27 Jun 1954 Jacobo �rbenz Guzm�n (s.a.) PAR

27 Jun 1954 - 28 Jun 1954 Carlos Enrique D�az de Le�n (b. 1910 - d. 1971) Mil

(provisional)

28 Jun 1954 - 29 Jun 1954 Government Junta

- Carlos Enrique D�az de Le�n (s.a.) Mil

(junta chairman)

- �lfego Hern�n Monz�n Aguirre (b. 1912 - d. 1981) Mil

- Jos� �ngel S�nchez Barillas (b. 1913 - d. 1981) Mil

29 Jun 1954 - 7 Jul 1954 �lfego Hern�n Monz�n Aguirre (s.a.) Mil

(junta chairman)

7 Jul 1954 - 26 Jul 1957 Carlos Castillo Armas (b. 1914 - d. 1957) Lib

(in rebellion as head of the provisional

government from 18 Jun 1954 - 2 Jul 1954;

junta chairman 7 Jul 1954 - 1 Sep 1954)

27 Jul 1957 - 24 Oct 1957 Luis Arturo Gonz�lez L�pez (acting)(b. 1900 - d. 1965) PAN

24 Oct 1957 - 26 Oct 1957 �scar Alberto Mendoza Azurdia (b. 1917 - d. 1995) Mil/MLN

(chairman of military junta)

27 Oct 1957 - 2 Mar 1958 Guillermo Flores Avenda�o (acting) (b. 1894 - d. 1982) Mil/MLN

2 Mar 1958 - 31 Mar 1963 Jos� Miguel Ram�n Yd�goras Fuentes (b. 1895 - d. 1982) PRN

31 Mar 1963 - 1 Jul 1966 Alfredo Enrique Peralta Azurdia (b. 1908 - d. 1997) Mil

(Chief of government to 5 May 1966 and then Chief of State)

1 Jul 1966 - 1 Jul 1970 Julio C�sar M�ndez Montenegro (b. 1915 - d. 1996) PR

1 Jul 1970 - 1 Jul 1974 Carlos Manuel Arana Osorio (b. 1918 - d. 2003) Mil/MLN

1 Jul 1974 - 1 Jul 1978 Kjell Eugenio Laugerud Garc�a (b. 1930 - d. 2009) Mil/MLN/PID

1 Jul 1978 - 23 Mar 1982 Fernando Romeo Lucas Garc�a (b. 1924 - d. 2006) Mil/PID/PR

23 Mar 1982 - 8 Aug 1983 Jos� Efra�n R�os Montt (b. 1926 - d. 2018) Mil

(president of the military junta to 9 Jun 1982)

8 Aug 1983 - 14 Jan 1986 �scar Humberto Mej�a Victores (b. 1930 - d. 2016) Mil

(Chief of State)

14 Jan 1986 - 14 Jan 1991 Marco Vinicio Cerezo Ar�valo (b. 1942) PDCG

14 Jan 1991 - 5 Jun 1993 Jorge Antonio Serrano El�as (b. 1945) MAS

6 Jun 1993 - 14 Jan 1996 Jos� Ramiro de Le�n Carpio (b. 1942 - d. 2002) Non-party

14 Jan 1996 - 14 Jan 2000 �lvaro Enrique Arz� Irigoyen (b. 1946 - d. 2018) PAN

14 Jan 2000 - 14 Jan 2004 Alfonso Antonio Portillo Cabrera (b. 1951) FRG

14 Jan 2004 - 14 Jan 2008 �scar Jos� Rafael Berger Perdomo (b. 1946) PSN;2005 GANA

14 Jan 2008 - 14 Jan 2012 �lvaro Colom Caballeros (b. 1951 - d. 2023) UNE

14 Jan 2012 - 3 Sep 2015 Otto Fernando P�rez Molina (b. 1950) PP

3 Sep 2015 - 14 Jan 2016 H�ctor Alejandro Baltazar (b. 1936) Non-party

Maldonado Aguirre

14 Jan 2016 - 14 Jan 2020 Jimmy Morales Cabrera (b. 1969) FCN

(James Ernesto Morales Cabrera)

14 Jan 2020 - 15 Jan 2024 Alejandro Eduardo Giammattei Falla (b. 1956) Vamos

15 Jan 2024 - C�sar Bernardo Ar�valo de Le�n (b. 1958) MS

Territorial Disputes: Demarcated but disputed boundary due to Guatemala's claims to more than half of Belizean territory; line of Adjacency operates in lieu of an international boundary to control influx of Guatemalan squatters onto Belizean territory; smuggling, narcotics trafficking, and human trafficking are also problems; the dispute was referred to the ICJ in 2019 for binding resolution; the 12-nm territorial sea claims of Belize and Honduras close off Guatemalan access to Caribbean in the Bahia de Amatique; maritime boundary remains unresolved pending further negotiation; thousands of impoverished Guatemalans and other Central Americans cross the porous border with Mexico looking for work in Mexico and the U.S.

Party abbreviations:FCN = Frente de Convergencia Nacional (National Convergence Front, nationalist, conservative, est.7 Jan 2008); MAS = Movimiento de Acci�n Solidaria (Solidarity Action Movement, liberal conservative, est.1986);MS = Movimiento Semilla (Seed Movement, social democratic, center-left, progressive, suspended from 28 Aug 2023, est.21 Nov 2018); PAN= Partido de Avanzada Nacional (National Progress Party, conservative, est.15 May 1989); UNE = Unidad Nacional de la Esperanza (National Unity of Hope, social democratic, est.6 Sep 2002); Vamos = Vamos por una Guatemala Diferente (Let's go for a Different Guatemala, center-right, social conservative, economic liberal, est.2017); Mil = Military;
- Former parties: Con = Conservador (Conservative); FRG = Frente Republicano Guatemalteco (Guatemalan Republican Front, right-wing, populist, 1989-Jan 2013, renamed Partido Republicano Institucional [Institutional Republican Party]); GANA = Gran Alianza Nacional (Grand National Alliance, center-right, liberal, 30 Aug 2005 - 28 Sep 2018, formerly coalition of PSN, PP & Movimiento Reformador and Moviemiento 17, 2003 - 30 Aug 2005); Lib = Liberal; MLN = Movimiento de Liberaci�n Nacional de Guatemala (National Liberation Movement of Guatemala, authoritarian, far-right, 1954-1999); PAR = Partido Acci�n Revolucionaria (Revolutionary Action Party, leftist, Oct 1945-1954); PDCG = Partido Democracia Cristiana Guatemalteca (Guatemalan Christian Democratic Party, christian-socialist, center-left, 24 Aug 1955-28 Jul 2008); PID = Partido Institucional Democr�tica (Institutional Democratic Party, center-right, civic nationalist, 1963-10 Jan 1990); PP = Partido Patriota (Patriotic Party, conservative, 13 Mar 2001 - 31 Jan 2017); PR= Partido Revolucionario (Revolutionary Party, ruling party 1967-1970, moderate left, from 1967 conservative, 1957-c.1990); PRDN = Partido Democr�tico Nacional de Reconciliaci�n "Redencion" (National Democratic Reconciliation Party "Redemption", moderate conservative,1950-1963); PS N = Partido Solidaridad Nacional (National Solidarity Party, conservative, 2002-Nov 2005)

Los Altos

State Flag: 5 Feb 1838 - 29 Jan 1840; 5 Sep 1848 - 15 May 1849
Map of Los Altos	Capital: Quetzaltenango	Population: 320,000 (1840 est.)

2 Feb 1838 Municipality of Quetzaltenango issues a declaration of secession
from Guatemala, with a view of forming a new component of the
Central American Federation, and forms a provisional government
subjected to the federal authorities.
5 Feb 1838 Municipalities of Totonicap�n and Solol� join Quetzaltenango to
form a provisional government of the State of Los Altos
(Estado de los Altos).
5 Feb 1838 - 29 Jan 1840 State of Los Altos (Estado de los Altos).
16 Aug 1838 Departments of Solol�, Totonicap�n and Quetzaltenango are
authorized to form a new member state of the Central-American
Federation, decree of the Congress (passed by the Chamber of
Deputies 5 Jun 1838, passed by the Senate 14 Aug 1838,
promulgated as a decree 16 Aug 1838).
16 Aug 1838 - 29 Jan 1840 Constituent state of the Central American Federation when federal
Congress passes a resolution recognizing its secession from
Guatemala and admission to the federation.
29 Jan 1840 Polity disintegrates upon the occupation of the seat of government
by the armed forces of Guatemala.
26 Aug 1848 Municipality of Quetzaltenango declares the continued existence
ofthe State of Los Altos, and calls for the other cities to
join.
5 Sep 1848 Delegates from six municipalities meet and appoint a provisional
government of the State of Los Altos (Estado de los Altos).
5 Sep 1848 -15 May 1849 State of Los Altos (Estado de los Altos).
25 Oct 1848 Guatemala occupies Quetzaltenango, but provisional government
remains in dissidence.
15 May 1849 Ratification of convention between Guatemala and Los Altos for
incorporation of the communities of Los Altos into Guatemala.

2 Feb 1838 - 5 Mar 1838 Provisional Government
- Jos� Mar�a Marcelo Molina Mata (b. 1800 - d. 1879) Lib
- Jos� Mar�a G�lvez Valiente
- Jos� Antonio Claro Aguilar (b. 1800 - d. 18..)
Colomo (to 5 Feb 1838)
- Joaqu�n Mont Prats
(from 5 Feb 1838)
- Felix Ju�rez (from 5 Feb 1838)
President of the Governing Junta
5 Mar 1838 - 28 Dec 1838 Jos� Mar�a Marcelo Molina Mata (s.a.) Lib
Chiefs of State
28 Dec 1838 - 29 Jan 1840 Jos� Mar�a Marcelo Molina Mata (s.a.) Lib
29 Jan 1840 - 5 Sep 1848 Re-incorporated into Guatemala
5 Sep 1848 - 25 Dec 1848 Provisional Government
- Fernando Antonio D�vila (b. 1783 - d. 1851)
Sotomayor
- Jos� Velasco Yxquetey
- Rafael de la Torre L�pez (b. 1814? - d. 1848)
(to 21 Oct 1848)
25 Dec 1848 - 15 May 1849 Agust�n Guzm�n L�pez (acting) (d. 1849) Mil/Lib

Party abbreviation : Lib = Liberal; Mil = Military

Santo Tom�s (Verapas)

c.1843 - 1854

7 Oct 1841 Belgian Colonization Company (Compagnie Belge de Colonisation)
chartered in Belgium.
19 Apr 1843 Santo Tom�s de Castilla territory, at Bah�a de Amatique at
the mouth of the Dulce River in eastern Guatemala (now Izabal
Department), authorized by Guatemalan Congress to be
administered "in perpetuity" by the Compagnie Belge de Colonisation (under the patronage of King L�opold I).
May 1843 First settlers arrive from Antwerp, Belgium. The colony is
named Verapas (Verapaz, Verapa).
1854 Settlement abandoned.
1855 Concession rescinded by Guatemala.

Colonial Directors
19 May 1843 - 24 Oct 1843 J.P.E. Philippot (d. 1844)
24 Oct 1843 - 6 Mar 1844 Perre Vande Walle (acting)
(chairman of colonial council)
6 Mar 1844 - 1 Nov 1844 Augustin Sc�vola de Guillaumot (b. 1799 - d. 1867)
5 Nov 1844 - 1 Apr 1845 Jean Dorn (acting)
11 Apr 1845 - Jan 1847 Georg Alexander Freiherr von (b. 1801 - d. 1856)
B�low
Jan 1847 - 185. Jean-Pierre Aguet
185. - 1854 ....

� Ben Cahoon