Enikő Pál | Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania (original) (raw)
Papers by Enikő Pál
Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Philologica
Ever since it was published, Margaret Atwood’s Hag-Seed (2016) has been scrutinized for its pecul... more Ever since it was published, Margaret Atwood’s Hag-Seed (2016) has been scrutinized for its peculiar engagements with the Shakespearean pre-text at the cross-section of various discourses, from literary and media studies, through drama pedagogy, even to prison studies. Drawing on the prison metaphor from the original and recontextualizing it as a contemporary prison performance is just one of the multitudinous forms and ways in which The Tempest is incorporated into Atwood’s novel. Thus, though it is quite difficult to designate a sole term for what she (un)does with the classic, one striking issue anyone may encounter is its intertwining metatextuality which encapsulates many of its core interpretations as a rewriting and/or adaptation. The present paper aims at unravelling the many layers, means and functions of this particular type of metatextuality and/or metatheatricality found in the novel. We look at the polyphonic nexus of texts and contexts that defines Atwood’s novel as an...
Diacronia, Jul 17, 2015
The present paper aims to contribute to researches on old Romanian translations, examined from th... more The present paper aims to contribute to researches on old Romanian translations, examined from the perspective of translation studies. In this respect, the pursued objective is to set up a typology of inserts and omissions found in the Romanian translation of the catechism printed in 1648, taking into account the main causes which generated them. Thus, applying the methods and tools characteristic for comparative analysis, we shall present the contexts in which the Romanian translation deviates from one of its sources or from both of them, focusing on the reasons which could have determined the translator's options to insert or, on the contrary, to omit certain linguistic units. In the text chosen for analysis, the status of inserts and omissions varies from case to case, but, taken all together, they may be grouped into two main classes reflecting two different levels of translation achievement: the level of creation and the level of imitation respectively.
Acta Universitatis Sapientiae: Philologica, Mar 1, 2015
Translation has always been important for religion as a way of preaching God's word. The first Ro... more Translation has always been important for religion as a way of preaching God's word. The first Romanian translations of religious texts, including the first (although incomplete) translation of the Bible, date from the sixteenth century. In this early period of Romanian writing, Romanian translators encountered several problems in conveying the meaning of these texts of a great complexity. Some of the difficulties were due to the source texts available in the epoch, others to the ideal of literal translation, to the principle of legitimacy or to the relatively poor development of Romanian language which limited the translators' options. The present study focuses on the causes and purposes for which lexical items of Hungarian origin interweave old Romanian translations. In this epoch, Hungarian influence was favoured by a complex of political, legal, administrative and sociocultural factors, sometimes even forced by these circumstances. On the one hand, given the premises of vivid contacts between Romanians and Hungarians in the regions where the old Romanian translations (or their originals) can be located, a number of Hungarian loanwords of folk origin penetrated these texts. On the other hand, when using Hungarian sources, translators have imported useful source language calques and loanwords, which have enriched Romanian language.
Acta Universitatis Sapientiae: Philologica, 2012
All around the world there are different communities or language groups with specific contacts th... more All around the world there are different communities or language groups with specific contacts that influence each other's development. Theoretically we might delimitate homogeneous communities, practically, however, these would be only mental constructs as all groups are essentially heterogeneous. Even amongst communities that speak the same language and share the same culture there will be individual differences. One specific type of contact between two nations is that between a minority and the majority. My research focuses on this particular issue, referring to the contacts between Romanians and Hungarians in a peculiar geographical setting: Transylvania. Not only this space but also other factors (i.e. temporal, economic, etc.) play an important role in these contacts. During many centuries Romanians and Hungarians lived in symbiosis, especially in Transylvania, which led to numerous mutual influences: not only social or cultural ones but on linguistic level as well. My paper regards mainly the Hungarian influence on the Transylvanian Romanian society in that period. Thus, we can outline the influence upon the Romanian social system, their lifestyle or confessional / religious orientation, folk art and, generally, upon the Romanian language vocabulary (see the relation between Reformation and the first texts written in Romanian). All these were provided by geographical, historical and political factors that characterised Transylvania in the 16 th century.
![Research paper thumbnail of Rendering Contemporary Hungarian Drama into Romanian. A Case Study on Tibor Zalán’s <i>Katonák</i> [<i>Soldiers</i>]](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/110802079/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Dec 1, 2022
The study focuses on the peculiar challenges raised by rendering one of Tibor Zalán's plays into ... more The study focuses on the peculiar challenges raised by rendering one of Tibor Zalán's plays into Romanian. We shall take into account the linguistic, aesthetic, and conceptual differences that might emerge in the Romanian translation as compared to its original. The theoretical part of the research is built upon the idea that translation implies "rewriting" (Lefevere 1992) under certain constraints. Being "refracted" texts, translations naturally include not only a change of the language but also a change of the socio-cultural context, a change of the ideology (i.e. the "world view"), and a change of the poetics of the original (Lefevere 1984: 192). Thus, the comparative analysis aims at the major changes operated by the Romanian translator while conveying certain culture-bound meanings.
Acta Universitatis Sapientiae: Philologica, Nov 1, 2018
Both in the theoretical framework of applied linguistics and empirical studies, second language a... more Both in the theoretical framework of applied linguistics and empirical studies, second language acquisition is either examined within the universalist postulation of an innate language acquisition device or it is discussed in a pluralist manner featuring the great variety of languagespecific influences. The present paper focuses on the latter issue, aiming to review some of the recent studies on the role of the mother tongue in second language speech perception and production. Our main interest is in phonetic learning. Thus, we shall particularly turn our attention to certain theoretical-empirical data regarding second language speech perception and production, such as the perceptual assimilation model, the native language magnet theory, and the articulatory setting theory .
![Research paper thumbnail of Rendering Contemporary Hungarian Drama into Romanian. A Case Study on Tibor Zalán’s Katonák [Soldiers]](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/110802050/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Philologica
The study focuses on the peculiar challenges raised by rendering one of Tibor Zalán’s plays into ... more The study focuses on the peculiar challenges raised by rendering one of Tibor Zalán’s plays into Romanian. We shall take into account the linguistic, aesthetic, and conceptual differences that might emerge in the Romanian translation as compared to its original. The theoretical part of the research is built upon the idea that translation implies “rewriting” (Lefevere 1992) under certain constraints. Being “refracted” texts, translations naturally include not only a change of the language but also a change of the socio-cultural context, a change of the ideology (i.e. the “world view”), and a change of the poetics of the original (Lefevere 1984: 192). Thus, the comparative analysis aims at the major changes operated by the Romanian translator while conveying certain culture-bound meanings.
The present study focuses on the main types of Romanian-Hungarian bilingualism in the old epoch o... more The present study focuses on the main types of Romanian-Hungarian bilingualism in the old epoch of Romanian language taking into account some of the causes which gave rise to them. Another concern of the paper refers to the consequences of this very bilingualism on the development of Romanian language in terms of its malleability towards the incorporation of Hungarian phonetic properties and lexical elements, on the one hand, and in terms of the borrowings' treatment and adaptive mechanisms, on the other hand.
Acta Universitatis Sapientiae: Philologica, 2012
All around the world there are different communities or language groups with specific contacts th... more All around the world there are different communities or language groups with specific contacts that influence each other's development. Theoretically we might delimitate homogeneous communities, practically, however, these would be only mental constructs as all groups are essentially heterogeneous. Even amongst communities that speak the same language and share the same culture there will be individual differences. One specific type of contact between two nations is that between a minority and the majority. My research focuses on this particular issue, referring to the contacts between Romanians and Hungarians in a peculiar geographical setting: Transylvania. Not only this space but also other factors (i.e. temporal, economic, etc.) play an important role in these contacts. During many centuries Romanians and Hungarians lived in symbiosis, especially in Transylvania, which led to numerous mutual influences: not only social or cultural ones but on linguistic level as well. My paper regards mainly the Hungarian influence on the Transylvanian Romanian society in that period. Thus, we can outline the influence upon the Romanian social system, their lifestyle or confessional / religious orientation, folk art and, generally, upon the Romanian language vocabulary (see the relation between Reformation and the first texts written in Romanian). All these were provided by geographical, historical and political factors that characterised Transylvania in the 16 th century.
Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Philologica, 2018
Both in the theoretical framework of applied linguistics and empirical studies, second language a... more Both in the theoretical framework of applied linguistics and empirical studies, second language acquisition is either examined within the universalist postulation of an innate language acquisition device or it is discussed in a pluralist manner featuring the great variety of language-specific influences. The present paper focuses on the latter issue, aiming to review some of the recent studies on the role of the mother tongue in second language speech perception and production. Our main interest is in phonetic learning. Thus, we shall particularly turn our attention to certain theoretical–empirical data regarding second language speech perception and production, such as the perceptual assimilation model, the native language magnet theory, and the articulatory setting theory.
Diacronia, 2016
Prezentarea de față își propune să observe eforturile făcute în lingvistică spre a afla dacă baza... more Prezentarea de față își propune să observe eforturile făcute în lingvistică spre a afla dacă baza de articulație este un concept viabil, util și dacă—mai presus de orice—reflectă realitatea. Întrucît, după știința noastră, cea mai bună dezvoltare a conceptului se petrece în spațiul științific românesc, prin A. Philippide și G. Ivănescu, vom încerca să urmărim direcția deschisă la mijlocul secolului al XIX-lea, sub influența perspectivei evoluționiste, și urmată de către cei doi mari teoreticieni ai conceptului. În partea a doua a studiului nostru vom încerca o sinteză a chestiunii, din perspectivă actuală, mai cu seamă întrucît, după cei doi învățați români, lingvistica românească nu s-a mai ocupat de acest concept, deși premisele existente sînt solide, valoroase, adică de mare sprijin.
Diacronia, 2015
Studiul de față este menit a contribui la cercetările asupra vechilor traduceri românești, privit... more Studiul de față este menit a contribui la cercetările asupra vechilor traduceri românești, privite din perspectivă traductologică. În acest sens, finalitatea urmărită o constituie aceea de a configura o tipologie a inserturilor și a omisiunilor observabile în traducerea românească a catehismului din 1648, plecîndu-se de la cauzele care le-au generat. Astfel, aplicînd metodele și instrumentarul proprii analizei comparative, se urmăresc contextele în care traducerea românească prezintă abateri de la una dintre cele două surse întrebuințate sau de ambele, precum și considerentele care au putut orienta opțiunile traducătorului de a insera sau, dimpotrivă, de a omite unități lingvistice de dimensiuni variate. În textul supus analizei, statutul inserturilor și al omisiunilor variază de la caz la caz, însă, luate în ansamblu, acestea pot fi grupate în două clase esențiale, reflectînd două nivele de performanță diferite: nivelul creației, respectiv cel al imitației.
Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Philologica, 2015
Translation has always been important for religion as a way of preaching God's word. The firs... more Translation has always been important for religion as a way of preaching God's word. The first Romanian translations of religious texts, including the first (although incomplete) translation of the Bible, date from the sixteenth century. In this early period of Romanian writing, Romanian translators encountered several problems in conveying the meaning of these texts of a great complexity. Some of the difficulties were due to the source texts available in the epoch, others to the ideal of literal translation, to the principle of legitimacy or to the relatively poor development of Romanian language which limited the translators' options. The present study focuses on the causes and purposes for which lexical items of Hungarian origin interweave old Romanian translations. In this epoch, Hungarian influence was favoured by a complex of political, legal, administrative and socioculturel factors, sometimes even forced by these circumstances. On the one hand, given the premises of ...
Diacronia, 2015
Studiul de față se înscrie pe direcția actualizării în lingvistica românească a teoriilor privito... more Studiul de față se înscrie pe direcția actualizării în lingvistica românească a teoriilor privitoare la interferențele lingvistice (româno-maghiare) manifestate în unele comunități bilingve și a cercetării particularităților lexicale pătrunse în limba română scrisă prin influența graiurilor maghiare vorbite în diferite zone ale țării sau chiar prin traducerea în română a unor texte maghiare. Preocuparea de bază o constituie împrumuturile maghiare lexicale vechi din limba română care sînt discutate din perspectiva schimbărilor petrecute în planul semnificației. Inventarierea sensurilor împrumuturilor maghiare s-a efectuat pe baza unui corpus de texte românești vechi, ținîndu-se cont și de materialul oferit de diverse dicționare cu preocupări (și) etimologice. Așa cum reiese din cele cîteva exemple analizate în cadrul prezentului studiu, sensul lexical este impregnat atît de intelect, cît și de afectivitate. Însă universul emoțional este rareori preluat o dată cu termenul împrumutat. ...
The main aim of the present study is to provide the necessary linguistic data for future research... more The main aim of the present study is to provide the necessary linguistic data for future research on Hungarian loanwords in the 17 th century. With this in mind, the paper offers a list of Hungarian loanwords recorded in the Calvinist catechism printed in Alba Iulia in 1648, accompanied by the contexts in which they are employed in the Romanian translation. The proposed glossary is followed by a few remarks about the status and functionality of the listed Hungarian loanwords with respect to the text itself and to the old Romanian language in general. Thus, the lexical items in question are discussed in terms of their means of penetration, vitality and productivity and in relation to the linguistic norm and to textual filiations. Overall, the folk Hungarian loanwords correspond to a regional linguistic norm, but, beyond that, their use is often determined by the translator's own preference for such lexical items. Bookish Hungarian loanwords, on the other hand, continue a certain elitist tradition characteristic for old Calvinist-Romanian texts or function as translation marks indicating textual filiations.
The present study focuses on the main types of Romanian-Hungarian bilingualism in the old epoch o... more The present study focuses on the main types of Romanian-Hungarian bilingualism in the old epoch of Romanian language taking into account some of the causes which gave rise to them. Another concern of the paper refers to the consequences of this very bilingualism on the development of Romanian language in terms of its malleability towards the incorporation of Hungarian phonetic properties and lexical elements, on the one hand, and in terms of the borrowings' treatment and adaptive mechanisms, on the other hand.
Limba română veche este deosebit de bogată în forme derivate, bogăţie ce se observă îndeosebi în ... more Limba română veche este deosebit de bogată în forme derivate, bogăţie ce se observă îndeosebi în traduceri. Derivarea reprezintă un mijloc de formare a cuvintelor extrem de productiv, pe care traducătorii textelor religioase româneşti vechi îl puteau întrebuinţa pentru a ieşi din impasul creat de o dificultate de echivalare. Traducătorii trebuiau să redea un număr mare de cuvinte ce impunea şi întrebuinţarea unei mari varietăţi de termeni. Însă, dispunând de un lexic relativ sărac, vechii traducători nu aveau întotdeauna la îndemână termeni româneşti care să corespundă tuturor termenilor slavoneşti sau ungureşti din textele biblice (cf. şi Rosetti 1931, p. 138), fie deoarece pentru o idee nu exista corespondent românesc, fie deoarece, în cazul în care el exista, nu îl aveau prezent în minte. Într-o astfel de situaţie, ei adesea recurg la creaţia lexicală. Cu alte cuvinte, nu întotdeauna apelează la forme consacrate prin uz, ci improvizează cuvintele care le lipseau (cf. şi Densusianu 1961, p. 186), formând cuvinte noi de la baze deja cunoscute sau urmând calea calchierii (sau a împrumutului direct din textul-sursă). În unele cazuri, aceste procedee conferă un aspect oarecum bizar limbii române vechi 1 .
Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Philologica
Ever since it was published, Margaret Atwood’s Hag-Seed (2016) has been scrutinized for its pecul... more Ever since it was published, Margaret Atwood’s Hag-Seed (2016) has been scrutinized for its peculiar engagements with the Shakespearean pre-text at the cross-section of various discourses, from literary and media studies, through drama pedagogy, even to prison studies. Drawing on the prison metaphor from the original and recontextualizing it as a contemporary prison performance is just one of the multitudinous forms and ways in which The Tempest is incorporated into Atwood’s novel. Thus, though it is quite difficult to designate a sole term for what she (un)does with the classic, one striking issue anyone may encounter is its intertwining metatextuality which encapsulates many of its core interpretations as a rewriting and/or adaptation. The present paper aims at unravelling the many layers, means and functions of this particular type of metatextuality and/or metatheatricality found in the novel. We look at the polyphonic nexus of texts and contexts that defines Atwood’s novel as an...
Diacronia, Jul 17, 2015
The present paper aims to contribute to researches on old Romanian translations, examined from th... more The present paper aims to contribute to researches on old Romanian translations, examined from the perspective of translation studies. In this respect, the pursued objective is to set up a typology of inserts and omissions found in the Romanian translation of the catechism printed in 1648, taking into account the main causes which generated them. Thus, applying the methods and tools characteristic for comparative analysis, we shall present the contexts in which the Romanian translation deviates from one of its sources or from both of them, focusing on the reasons which could have determined the translator's options to insert or, on the contrary, to omit certain linguistic units. In the text chosen for analysis, the status of inserts and omissions varies from case to case, but, taken all together, they may be grouped into two main classes reflecting two different levels of translation achievement: the level of creation and the level of imitation respectively.
Acta Universitatis Sapientiae: Philologica, Mar 1, 2015
Translation has always been important for religion as a way of preaching God's word. The first Ro... more Translation has always been important for religion as a way of preaching God's word. The first Romanian translations of religious texts, including the first (although incomplete) translation of the Bible, date from the sixteenth century. In this early period of Romanian writing, Romanian translators encountered several problems in conveying the meaning of these texts of a great complexity. Some of the difficulties were due to the source texts available in the epoch, others to the ideal of literal translation, to the principle of legitimacy or to the relatively poor development of Romanian language which limited the translators' options. The present study focuses on the causes and purposes for which lexical items of Hungarian origin interweave old Romanian translations. In this epoch, Hungarian influence was favoured by a complex of political, legal, administrative and sociocultural factors, sometimes even forced by these circumstances. On the one hand, given the premises of vivid contacts between Romanians and Hungarians in the regions where the old Romanian translations (or their originals) can be located, a number of Hungarian loanwords of folk origin penetrated these texts. On the other hand, when using Hungarian sources, translators have imported useful source language calques and loanwords, which have enriched Romanian language.
Acta Universitatis Sapientiae: Philologica, 2012
All around the world there are different communities or language groups with specific contacts th... more All around the world there are different communities or language groups with specific contacts that influence each other's development. Theoretically we might delimitate homogeneous communities, practically, however, these would be only mental constructs as all groups are essentially heterogeneous. Even amongst communities that speak the same language and share the same culture there will be individual differences. One specific type of contact between two nations is that between a minority and the majority. My research focuses on this particular issue, referring to the contacts between Romanians and Hungarians in a peculiar geographical setting: Transylvania. Not only this space but also other factors (i.e. temporal, economic, etc.) play an important role in these contacts. During many centuries Romanians and Hungarians lived in symbiosis, especially in Transylvania, which led to numerous mutual influences: not only social or cultural ones but on linguistic level as well. My paper regards mainly the Hungarian influence on the Transylvanian Romanian society in that period. Thus, we can outline the influence upon the Romanian social system, their lifestyle or confessional / religious orientation, folk art and, generally, upon the Romanian language vocabulary (see the relation between Reformation and the first texts written in Romanian). All these were provided by geographical, historical and political factors that characterised Transylvania in the 16 th century.
Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Dec 1, 2022
The study focuses on the peculiar challenges raised by rendering one of Tibor Zalán's plays into ... more The study focuses on the peculiar challenges raised by rendering one of Tibor Zalán's plays into Romanian. We shall take into account the linguistic, aesthetic, and conceptual differences that might emerge in the Romanian translation as compared to its original. The theoretical part of the research is built upon the idea that translation implies "rewriting" (Lefevere 1992) under certain constraints. Being "refracted" texts, translations naturally include not only a change of the language but also a change of the socio-cultural context, a change of the ideology (i.e. the "world view"), and a change of the poetics of the original (Lefevere 1984: 192). Thus, the comparative analysis aims at the major changes operated by the Romanian translator while conveying certain culture-bound meanings.
Acta Universitatis Sapientiae: Philologica, Nov 1, 2018
Both in the theoretical framework of applied linguistics and empirical studies, second language a... more Both in the theoretical framework of applied linguistics and empirical studies, second language acquisition is either examined within the universalist postulation of an innate language acquisition device or it is discussed in a pluralist manner featuring the great variety of languagespecific influences. The present paper focuses on the latter issue, aiming to review some of the recent studies on the role of the mother tongue in second language speech perception and production. Our main interest is in phonetic learning. Thus, we shall particularly turn our attention to certain theoretical-empirical data regarding second language speech perception and production, such as the perceptual assimilation model, the native language magnet theory, and the articulatory setting theory .
Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Philologica
The study focuses on the peculiar challenges raised by rendering one of Tibor Zalán’s plays into ... more The study focuses on the peculiar challenges raised by rendering one of Tibor Zalán’s plays into Romanian. We shall take into account the linguistic, aesthetic, and conceptual differences that might emerge in the Romanian translation as compared to its original. The theoretical part of the research is built upon the idea that translation implies “rewriting” (Lefevere 1992) under certain constraints. Being “refracted” texts, translations naturally include not only a change of the language but also a change of the socio-cultural context, a change of the ideology (i.e. the “world view”), and a change of the poetics of the original (Lefevere 1984: 192). Thus, the comparative analysis aims at the major changes operated by the Romanian translator while conveying certain culture-bound meanings.
The present study focuses on the main types of Romanian-Hungarian bilingualism in the old epoch o... more The present study focuses on the main types of Romanian-Hungarian bilingualism in the old epoch of Romanian language taking into account some of the causes which gave rise to them. Another concern of the paper refers to the consequences of this very bilingualism on the development of Romanian language in terms of its malleability towards the incorporation of Hungarian phonetic properties and lexical elements, on the one hand, and in terms of the borrowings' treatment and adaptive mechanisms, on the other hand.
Acta Universitatis Sapientiae: Philologica, 2012
All around the world there are different communities or language groups with specific contacts th... more All around the world there are different communities or language groups with specific contacts that influence each other's development. Theoretically we might delimitate homogeneous communities, practically, however, these would be only mental constructs as all groups are essentially heterogeneous. Even amongst communities that speak the same language and share the same culture there will be individual differences. One specific type of contact between two nations is that between a minority and the majority. My research focuses on this particular issue, referring to the contacts between Romanians and Hungarians in a peculiar geographical setting: Transylvania. Not only this space but also other factors (i.e. temporal, economic, etc.) play an important role in these contacts. During many centuries Romanians and Hungarians lived in symbiosis, especially in Transylvania, which led to numerous mutual influences: not only social or cultural ones but on linguistic level as well. My paper regards mainly the Hungarian influence on the Transylvanian Romanian society in that period. Thus, we can outline the influence upon the Romanian social system, their lifestyle or confessional / religious orientation, folk art and, generally, upon the Romanian language vocabulary (see the relation between Reformation and the first texts written in Romanian). All these were provided by geographical, historical and political factors that characterised Transylvania in the 16 th century.
Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Philologica, 2018
Both in the theoretical framework of applied linguistics and empirical studies, second language a... more Both in the theoretical framework of applied linguistics and empirical studies, second language acquisition is either examined within the universalist postulation of an innate language acquisition device or it is discussed in a pluralist manner featuring the great variety of language-specific influences. The present paper focuses on the latter issue, aiming to review some of the recent studies on the role of the mother tongue in second language speech perception and production. Our main interest is in phonetic learning. Thus, we shall particularly turn our attention to certain theoretical–empirical data regarding second language speech perception and production, such as the perceptual assimilation model, the native language magnet theory, and the articulatory setting theory.
Diacronia, 2016
Prezentarea de față își propune să observe eforturile făcute în lingvistică spre a afla dacă baza... more Prezentarea de față își propune să observe eforturile făcute în lingvistică spre a afla dacă baza de articulație este un concept viabil, util și dacă—mai presus de orice—reflectă realitatea. Întrucît, după știința noastră, cea mai bună dezvoltare a conceptului se petrece în spațiul științific românesc, prin A. Philippide și G. Ivănescu, vom încerca să urmărim direcția deschisă la mijlocul secolului al XIX-lea, sub influența perspectivei evoluționiste, și urmată de către cei doi mari teoreticieni ai conceptului. În partea a doua a studiului nostru vom încerca o sinteză a chestiunii, din perspectivă actuală, mai cu seamă întrucît, după cei doi învățați români, lingvistica românească nu s-a mai ocupat de acest concept, deși premisele existente sînt solide, valoroase, adică de mare sprijin.
Diacronia, 2015
Studiul de față este menit a contribui la cercetările asupra vechilor traduceri românești, privit... more Studiul de față este menit a contribui la cercetările asupra vechilor traduceri românești, privite din perspectivă traductologică. În acest sens, finalitatea urmărită o constituie aceea de a configura o tipologie a inserturilor și a omisiunilor observabile în traducerea românească a catehismului din 1648, plecîndu-se de la cauzele care le-au generat. Astfel, aplicînd metodele și instrumentarul proprii analizei comparative, se urmăresc contextele în care traducerea românească prezintă abateri de la una dintre cele două surse întrebuințate sau de ambele, precum și considerentele care au putut orienta opțiunile traducătorului de a insera sau, dimpotrivă, de a omite unități lingvistice de dimensiuni variate. În textul supus analizei, statutul inserturilor și al omisiunilor variază de la caz la caz, însă, luate în ansamblu, acestea pot fi grupate în două clase esențiale, reflectînd două nivele de performanță diferite: nivelul creației, respectiv cel al imitației.
Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Philologica, 2015
Translation has always been important for religion as a way of preaching God's word. The firs... more Translation has always been important for religion as a way of preaching God's word. The first Romanian translations of religious texts, including the first (although incomplete) translation of the Bible, date from the sixteenth century. In this early period of Romanian writing, Romanian translators encountered several problems in conveying the meaning of these texts of a great complexity. Some of the difficulties were due to the source texts available in the epoch, others to the ideal of literal translation, to the principle of legitimacy or to the relatively poor development of Romanian language which limited the translators' options. The present study focuses on the causes and purposes for which lexical items of Hungarian origin interweave old Romanian translations. In this epoch, Hungarian influence was favoured by a complex of political, legal, administrative and socioculturel factors, sometimes even forced by these circumstances. On the one hand, given the premises of ...
Diacronia, 2015
Studiul de față se înscrie pe direcția actualizării în lingvistica românească a teoriilor privito... more Studiul de față se înscrie pe direcția actualizării în lingvistica românească a teoriilor privitoare la interferențele lingvistice (româno-maghiare) manifestate în unele comunități bilingve și a cercetării particularităților lexicale pătrunse în limba română scrisă prin influența graiurilor maghiare vorbite în diferite zone ale țării sau chiar prin traducerea în română a unor texte maghiare. Preocuparea de bază o constituie împrumuturile maghiare lexicale vechi din limba română care sînt discutate din perspectiva schimbărilor petrecute în planul semnificației. Inventarierea sensurilor împrumuturilor maghiare s-a efectuat pe baza unui corpus de texte românești vechi, ținîndu-se cont și de materialul oferit de diverse dicționare cu preocupări (și) etimologice. Așa cum reiese din cele cîteva exemple analizate în cadrul prezentului studiu, sensul lexical este impregnat atît de intelect, cît și de afectivitate. Însă universul emoțional este rareori preluat o dată cu termenul împrumutat. ...
The main aim of the present study is to provide the necessary linguistic data for future research... more The main aim of the present study is to provide the necessary linguistic data for future research on Hungarian loanwords in the 17 th century. With this in mind, the paper offers a list of Hungarian loanwords recorded in the Calvinist catechism printed in Alba Iulia in 1648, accompanied by the contexts in which they are employed in the Romanian translation. The proposed glossary is followed by a few remarks about the status and functionality of the listed Hungarian loanwords with respect to the text itself and to the old Romanian language in general. Thus, the lexical items in question are discussed in terms of their means of penetration, vitality and productivity and in relation to the linguistic norm and to textual filiations. Overall, the folk Hungarian loanwords correspond to a regional linguistic norm, but, beyond that, their use is often determined by the translator's own preference for such lexical items. Bookish Hungarian loanwords, on the other hand, continue a certain elitist tradition characteristic for old Calvinist-Romanian texts or function as translation marks indicating textual filiations.
The present study focuses on the main types of Romanian-Hungarian bilingualism in the old epoch o... more The present study focuses on the main types of Romanian-Hungarian bilingualism in the old epoch of Romanian language taking into account some of the causes which gave rise to them. Another concern of the paper refers to the consequences of this very bilingualism on the development of Romanian language in terms of its malleability towards the incorporation of Hungarian phonetic properties and lexical elements, on the one hand, and in terms of the borrowings' treatment and adaptive mechanisms, on the other hand.
Limba română veche este deosebit de bogată în forme derivate, bogăţie ce se observă îndeosebi în ... more Limba română veche este deosebit de bogată în forme derivate, bogăţie ce se observă îndeosebi în traduceri. Derivarea reprezintă un mijloc de formare a cuvintelor extrem de productiv, pe care traducătorii textelor religioase româneşti vechi îl puteau întrebuinţa pentru a ieşi din impasul creat de o dificultate de echivalare. Traducătorii trebuiau să redea un număr mare de cuvinte ce impunea şi întrebuinţarea unei mari varietăţi de termeni. Însă, dispunând de un lexic relativ sărac, vechii traducători nu aveau întotdeauna la îndemână termeni româneşti care să corespundă tuturor termenilor slavoneşti sau ungureşti din textele biblice (cf. şi Rosetti 1931, p. 138), fie deoarece pentru o idee nu exista corespondent românesc, fie deoarece, în cazul în care el exista, nu îl aveau prezent în minte. Într-o astfel de situaţie, ei adesea recurg la creaţia lexicală. Cu alte cuvinte, nu întotdeauna apelează la forme consacrate prin uz, ci improvizează cuvintele care le lipseau (cf. şi Densusianu 1961, p. 186), formând cuvinte noi de la baze deja cunoscute sau urmând calea calchierii (sau a împrumutului direct din textul-sursă). În unele cazuri, aceste procedee conferă un aspect oarecum bizar limbii române vechi 1 .
Diacronia, 2016
The aim of the present discussion is to observe the various endeavours under-taken in linguistics... more The aim of the present discussion is to observe the various endeavours under-taken in linguistics to discern whether the basis of articulation is a viable and useful concept and—above all—whether or not it reflects reality. Since as far as we know the most fruitful development of this very notion is accomplished within Romanian scientific milieu, by the contributions of A. Philippide and G. Ivănescu, we shall make an attempt to pursue the path which was unfold in the mid 19 th century under the influence of the evolutionist perspective and which was followed by the two great theorists of the concept. In the second part of our study we shall present a brief present-day account of the issue, especially since, subsequent to the two Romanian scholars, Ro-manian linguistics did not give much attention to this concept, though its ex-istent premises are firm and valuable, i.e. of great aid.