Adeniyi Adekunle | Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria (original) (raw)
Papers by Adeniyi Adekunle
Arab journal of basic and applied sciences, Oct 11, 2023
Adsorption performance of maize cob-derived activated carbon (MCAC) for the removal of nickel (II... more Adsorption performance of maize cob-derived activated carbon (MCAC) for the removal of nickel (II) from solution was investigated in the present study. The MCAC was prepared by adsorbent chemical activation method. Afterwards, the MCAC was characterized and utilized as the adsorbent for batch adsorption process. Initial adsorbate concentration, contact time and adsorbent dosage were considered as the independent variables for the adsorption process. The experiments were designed based upon central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology with the aid of Design Expert. The experimental data were fitted into a model using ATLAB regression analysis, and the developed model was later simulated to obtain the operation parameters that will give the optimum removal efficiency. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that all the considered independent process variables had significant effect on the adsorption process. The simulated response from MATLAB
gave 97.113% removal efficiency of nickel (II) on experimental validation at optimum conditions of 9.75 mg/L initial nickel (II) concentration, 120 min contact time and 0.803 g adsorbent dosage. This result correlates with CCD that predicted 97.6154% nickel (II) removal efficiency. The experimental data were observed to be best fitted to pseudo-second-order kinetic model which showed that the process is chemisorption controlled. Hence, it may be concluded from the present data that MCAC is highly effective for the removal of Ni(II) from aqueous solution and the highly generated agricultural waste (Maize cob) can the easily modified as a adsorbent.
Day 2 Tue, August 03, 2021, 2021
There are a good numbers of brown hydrocarbon reservoirs, with a substantial amount of bypassed o... more There are a good numbers of brown hydrocarbon reservoirs, with a substantial amount of bypassed oil. These reservoirs are said to be brown, because a huge chunk of its recoverable oil have been produced. Since a significant number of prominent oil fields are matured and the number of new discoveries is declining, it is imperative to assess performances of waterflooding in such reservoirs; taking an undersaturated reservoir as a case study. It should be recalled that Waterflooding is widely accepted and used as a means of secondary oil recovery method, sometimes after depletion of primary energy sources. The effects of permeability distribution on flood performances is of concerns in this study. The presence of high permeability streaks could lead to an early water breakthrough at the producers, thus reducing the sweep efficiency in the field. A solution approach adopted in this study was reserve water injection. A reverse approach because, a producing well is converted to water inje...
Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Medical facilities, such as hospitals, clinics, and locations where diagnosis and treatment are a... more Medical facilities, such as hospitals, clinics, and locations where diagnosis and treatment are administered, create dangerous waste that predisposes individuals to deadly infections. Medical waste management aims to improve health and prevent public health and environmental threats. Questionnaires, interviews, site visitations, and observations were utilized to determine the management strategies implemented in the three hospitals and evaluate the efficacy of waste management. The hospitals under review are Afe Babalola University Multi-system Hospital (AMSH), Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital (EKSUTH), and Federal Teaching Hospital Ido-Ekiti (FETHI). Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was utilized for the statistical analysis of the questionnaires, and the mean assessment was utilized to compute the waste per bed each day. The results revealed that the three hospitals’ sharp, infectious, and pharmaceutical waste is the most sorted. All hospitals burn their m...
A new silicate based surfactant, comparatively proven to be cheap and efficient, for enhanced oil... more A new silicate based surfactant, comparatively proven to be cheap and efficient, for enhanced oil recovery is developed. The silica based surfactant was prepared from silicate with highest percentage of silica and evaluated for reduced interfacial tension, and core flooding experiments simultaneously with sampled commercial surfactants, for its potency to aid oil flow. The feedstock, for silica based surfactants, composed massively abundant eartly silicate, rich in silicon. The silica is hydrolyzed at elevated temperature and continously heated up to form oxides of silica. The performance of the silica based surfactants was studied for its oil recovery efficiency with a commercial surfactants as a guide. The results showed that silica based surfactants dissolves in produced water, an adjusted interfacial tension value of 0.101dyne/cm was obtained. An improvement of additional 10% of oil initially in place was produced ahead of a branded commercial surfactants, from a set up that has undergone excessive water flood. The results obtained, confirmed that there is a possibility of developing new surfactants from sustainable abundance of earthly silicate.
A significant amount of hydrocarbon ends up unrecovered due to poor sweep efficiency, after water... more A significant amount of hydrocarbon ends up unrecovered due to poor sweep efficiency, after water flooding, with oil recovery factor typically less than 50%. Residual oil saturation varies depending on lithology, pore size distribution, permeability, Wettability, fluid characteristics, recovery method, and production scheme. The reservoir history showed that oil initially in place was 95.76 MMSTB, dissolved gas volume of 83.79 BSCF and 266.22 MMSTB of water. Oil production rate was 10,000 STB/D, cumulative oil produced was 72.73 MMSTB, and cumulative water produced was 132.91 MMSTB. A cumulative of 65.74 MMSTB of water was injected a daily rate of 3000 BW/D. The initial reservoir pressure was 4912 psia and bubble point pressure of 3592 psia. Water breakthrough occurred after the 7th year of continuous water injection. The simulation result showed that 22.97 MMSTB was bypassed (23.9 % of oil initially in place).
In order to properly meet up with the ever-increasing demand for petroleum products worldwide, it... more In order to properly meet up with the ever-increasing demand for petroleum products worldwide, it has become increasingly necessary to produce oil and gas fields more economically and efficiently. Waterflooding is currently the most widely used secondary recovery method to improve oil recovery after primary depletion. A crucial component required to conduct an efficient waterflooding operation is an optimal production setting, most especially with respect to the amount of water involved. This research work has been carried out to develop a model that can be used to maximize oil recovery and minimize water production with the least amount and number of waterflood variables in order to minimize the secondary recovery investment cost. The gradient-based approach to optimize the production and net present value (NPV) from a waterflood reservoir using the flow rates or bottom hole pressures of the production wells as the controlling factors with the use of smart well technology was applied. In this approach, a variant of the optimal switching time technique was used in the optimization process to equalize the arrival times of the waterfront at multiple producers, thereby increasing the cumulative oil production. The optimization procedure involved maximizing the objective function (NPV) by adjusting a set of manipulated variables (flow rates). The optimal pressure profile of the waterflood scenario that gave the maximum NPV was obtained as the solution to the waterflood problem. The proposed optimization methodology was applied to a waterflood process carried out on a reservoir field developed by a five-spot recovery design in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria, which was used as a case study. The forward run was carried out with a commercial reservoir oil simulator. The results of the waterflood optimization revealed that an increase in the net present value of up to 9.7% and an increase in cumulative production of up to 30% from the base case could be achieved.
It is important to know that analysis and selection of choke sizes for oil wells is imperative fo... more It is important to know that analysis and selection of choke sizes for oil wells is imperative for production optimizations in reservoir management. Chokes are necessary in every wellhead completion for regulating flow from the reservoir. Random selection of choke sizes has been a bad practice. For the case study of this work, productions from 3 gas condensate wells have declined with pressure over three years. The initial reservoir pressures of 5870 psi, 4373 psi and 2248 psi, initial production rates ranging from 82.3 BOPD to 242.57 BOPD and 3.018 MMSCFD to 5.001 MMSCFD respectively, with choke sizes ranging from 22/64" to 24/64". However, these reservoir pressures have depleted over 3 years by about 100 psi to 3800 psi for each well with early water breakthrough ranging from 10% to 25% basic sediment and water (BS&W). No analysis of choke sizes selection to flow the wells at the initial stage. This research work has been carried out on pressure depletion control corresponding with its drawdown. This was achieved by modelling and simulating PVT data, completion data, IPR and VLP data and well-test data as well as sensitivity analysis with the aid of PROSPER. Results obtained indicated the need to reduce choke sizes, thereby reducing the drawdown. The reduction of choke size gave a decrease in production volume ranging from 15 to 59% for both oil and gas. However, the reduction in choke sizes also gave decrease in water production of about 92%, 100% and 22% for the respective wells. The choke size sensitivity analysis showed that continuation of the initial choke sizes on 24/64" gave a higher drawdown value above 100 psi, which increased the pull of water conning. Recommendation of the new choke sizes within 18/64" to 20/64" showed the drawdown of 79 psi, 71.5 psi and 80.5 psi. New choke size selection was recommended for the reservoir management of each well.
The utilization of biomass to generate energy, chemicals and materials is one of the essential el... more The utilization of biomass to generate energy, chemicals and materials is one of the essential elements of sustainable development. It would be beneficial if substitutes for these petrochemicals are developed with an eye to the future. Currently, research is being done to discover ways to produce petrochemicals in an eco-friendlier way, e.g., converting biomass towards bulk chemicals like butadiene. Butadiene is an essential element in the petrochemical sector, and demand for it has increased along with the expansion of the petrochemical market. Furthermore, rubber products have a wide range of applications in the automotive, oil and gas, medical and plastic industries. When oil prices are stable, the rubber market becomes steady and prices become reasonable. In contributing to this development, an energy efficient plant has been designed in this work. The plant uses sweet sorghum as the main raw material stream and produced 30,000 kg/hr of 1, 3-butadiene. The process consisted of four distinct stages: juice extraction, fermentation, ethanol dehydration and butadiene separation. The thermodynamic method used in the simulation was Non-Random Two-Liquid (NRTL) model. The results from the work provided a design and an economic analysis for a complete butadiene production plant. Mass and energy balances were also provided, and the utility requirements were determined by exergy, exergy-economics and pinch studies using Aspen Plus software.
After the primary and secondary oil recoveries, a substantial amount of oil is left in the reserv... more After the primary and secondary oil recoveries, a substantial amount of oil is left in the reservoir which can be recovered by tertiary methods like the Alkaline-Surfactant Flood. Reasons for having some unproduced hydrocarbon in the reservoir include and not limited to the following; forces of attraction fluid contacts, low permeability, high viscous fluid, poor swept efficiency, etc. Although, it is possible to commence waterflooding together chemical injection at the start of production. Reservoir simulation with commercial simulator, could guide in selecting the most appropriate period to commence chemical flooding. In this study, the performance of a new synthetic surfactant produced from Jatropha Curcas seed was compared with that of a selected commercial surfactant in the presence of an alkaline and this shows that the non-edible Jatropha oil is a natural, inexpensive and a renewable source of energy for the production of anionic surfactants and a good substitute for commercial surfactants like Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate (SDS). The Methyl Ester Sulfonate (MES) surfactant showed no precipitation or cloudiness during stability test and was able to reduce the Interfacial Tension (IFT) to 0.018 mN/m and 0.020 mN/m in the presence of sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide respectively as alkaline at low surfactant concentration. The optimum alkaline surfactant formulation in terms of oil recovery performance obtained from the core flooding experiment corresponds to a concentration of sodium carbonate (0.5wt%), sodium hydroxide (0.5wt%) mixed in distilled water and Methyl Ester Sulfonate (MES) surfactant (1wt%). The injection of 0.5 percentage volume of alkaline surfactant slug produced an incremental oil recovery of 26.7% and 29% respectively. With these incremental oil recoveries, increasing demand for hydrocarbons product could be met, and returns on investment portfolio will be improved.
Day 2 Tue, August 03, 2021
Hydrocarbons recoveries from matured fileds require enhancement. This is because matured oil fiel... more Hydrocarbons recoveries from matured fileds require enhancement. This is because matured oil fields have undergone pressure depletions. Polymer injection is a proven means of hydrocarbon recovery enhancement. Therefore, search for polymer materials and preparations of polymer, in the vicinity of matured field is the focus of this study. A lead was found in a starch and investigated to cassava tubers. Cassava starch are brine - water soluble, and are used for favorable mobility control. Laboratory tests were conducted for starch solubility and stability at predetermined saline environment and selected ‘reservoir’ temperature and pressure. Physico - chemical properties and other characteristics of the locally sourced polymer were guided by branded commercial polymers. In all, ten batches of laboratory core flooding excercises were conducted on oil-soaked cores, with five different brine concentrations, followed by another five-cassava starch polymer of concentration 0.00 g/l, 4.35 g/L...
Day 2 Tue, August 02, 2022
Drilling in search for hydrocarbon is an essential component of exploration and production activi... more Drilling in search for hydrocarbon is an essential component of exploration and production activities. Chemicals, Drill rig, Casing, Tubing, Drill pipes and bits are basic requirements to successfully drill a well. Rotary Drilling rig is very crucial among the basic requirements. A major function of rotary drilling rig, is continuous circulation of drilling fluid and removal of cuttings. Hence, this paper focused on the design and construction of drilling rig prototype, for training purposes in academic environment. Components were constructed from the most suitable materials obtained from metal scraps individually, and when put together forms an integrated system that enables the drilling process to make a well. The prototype was produced successfully. The mixing hopper, hoisting and the mud circulatory systems were fully incorporated and connected. The rig prototype was, in principle, to transport fluid from the mud pit up the stand pipe to the swivel via the rotary hose down the ...
Day 2 Tue, August 03, 2021, 2021
There are a good numbers of brown hydrocarbon reservoirs, with a substantial amount of bypassed o... more There are a good numbers of brown hydrocarbon reservoirs, with a substantial amount of bypassed oil. These reservoirs are said to be brown, because a huge chunk of its recoverable oil have been produced. Since a significant number of prominent oil fields are matured and the number of new discoveries is declining, it is imperative to assess performances of waterflooding in such reservoirs; taking an undersaturated reservoir as a case study. It should be recalled that Waterflooding is widely accepted and used as a means of secondary oil recovery method, sometimes after depletion of primary energy sources. The effects of permeability distribution on flood performances is of concerns in this study. The presence of high permeability streaks could lead to an early water breakthrough at the producers, thus reducing the sweep efficiency in the field. A solution approach adopted in this study was reserve water injection. A reverse approach because, a producing well is converted to water inje...
Day 3 Wed, August 04, 2021, 2021
After the primary and secondary oil recoveries, a substantial amount of oil is left in the reserv... more After the primary and secondary oil recoveries, a substantial amount of oil is left in the reservoir which can be recovered by tertiary methods like the Alkaline-Surfactant Flood. Reasons for having some unproduced hydrocarbon in the reservoir include and not limited to the following; forces of attraction fluid contacts, low permeability, high viscous fluid, poor swept efficiency, etc. Although, it is possible to commence waterflooding together chemical injection at the start of production. Reservoir simulation with commercial simulator, could guide in selecting the most appropriate period to commence chemical flooding. In this study, the performance of a new synthetic surfactant produced from Jatropha Curcas seed was compared with that of a selected commercial surfactant in the presence of an alkaline and this shows that the non-edible Jatropha oil is a natural, inexpensive and a renewable source of energy for the production of anionic surfactants and a good substitute for commerci...
Day 3 Wed, August 04, 2021, 2021
Produced water reinjection (PWRI) is one of the methods employed by oilfield operators to optimiz... more Produced water reinjection (PWRI) is one of the methods employed by oilfield operators to optimize production while conforming to increasingly stringent produced water disposal policies. Different produced water species from different facilities also have different salinities as a result of entrainment of treatment fluids, precipitation of salts at surface conditions, etc. During re-injection operations, the salinity of the injection fluid has to be accounted for as it affects the production. Previous studies have focused on laboratory analysis by core flooding. While this approach is indeed reasonable and offers a first-hand impression of the reservoir conditions, it presents a problem of cost and the age-old opinion that the core sample may not be representative of the entire reservoir. Therefore, I have employed a computer modeling approach using a commercial simulator to analyze the influence of salinity on production during produced water re-injection. It was found that the sal...
Day 1 Tue, August 11, 2020, 2020
A significant amount of hydrocarbon ends up unrecovered due to poor sweep efficiency, after water... more A significant amount of hydrocarbon ends up unrecovered due to poor sweep efficiency, after water flooding, with oil recovery factor typically less than 50%. Residual oil saturation varies depending on lithology, pore size distribution, permeability, Wettability, fluid characteristics, recovery method, and production scheme. The reservoir history showed that oil initially in place was 95.76 MMSTB, dissolved gas volume of 83.79 BSCF and 266.22 MMSTB of water. Oil production rate was 10,000 STB/D, cumulative oil produced was 72.73 MMSTB, and cumulative water produced was 132.91 MMSTB. A cumulative of 65.74 MMSTB of water was injected a daily rate of 3000 BW/D. The initial reservoir pressure was 4912 psia and bubble point pressure of 3592 psia. Water breakthrough occurred after the 7th year of continuous water injection. The simulation result showed that 22.97 MMSTB was bypassed (23.9 % of oil initially in place).
SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition, 2018
A new silicate based surfactant, comparatively proven to be cheap and efficient, for enhanced oil... more A new silicate based surfactant, comparatively proven to be cheap and efficient, for enhanced oil recovery is developed. The silica based surfactant was prepared from silicate with highest percentage of silica and evaluated for reduced interfacial tension, and core flooding experiments simultaneously with sampled commercial surfactants, for its potency to aid oil flow. The feedstock, for silica based surfactants, composed massively abundant eartly silicate, rich in silicon. The silica is hydrolyzed at elevated temperature and continously heated up to form oxides of silica. The performance of the silica based surfactants was studied for its oil recovery efficiency with a commercial surfactants as a guide. The results showed that silica based surfactants dissolves in produced water, an adjusted interfacial tension value of 0.101dyne/cm was obtained. An improvement of additional 10% of oil initially in place was produced ahead of a branded commercial surfactants, from a set up that has...
SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition, 2015
Surfactants are used as suspending and foaming agents. Crude oils deposited and found in sandston... more Surfactants are used as suspending and foaming agents. Crude oils deposited and found in sandstone and high temperature environment are often very light. But, Pore throats restrictions made it difficult for such oil to flow unaided. Specially designed surfactants, called IbileSurfac, will serve as a carrier to crude oil, while overcoming barriers posed by saline water. This study was primarily conducted on locally sourced surfactants, called IbileSurfac. IbileSurfac, together with Tween 80, Teepol, and Lauryl Sulphate were screened with NaCl-only brines and n-octane fluid at a unitary value of water/oil ratio for temperatures between approximately 900C and 120°C; at intervals of 5°C. All test cases were performed in the absence of methanol or ethanol (No alcohols present) and other co-solvents, in a Pressure-Volume-Temperature cell. Both volume and pressure were kept constant. Varying phase behavior was observed for each class of surfactants, with minimum salinity value of 0.001part...
SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition, 2015
Journal of Surfactants and Detergents
Developing a robust and facile process route for fatty acid methyl ester sulfonate (MES) synthesi... more Developing a robust and facile process route for fatty acid methyl ester sulfonate (MES) synthesis is of importance for industrial applications. Herein, Taguchi orthogonal array (OA) approach was used for the first time to establish the optimum process condition for the sulfonation of methyl esters (ME) with chlorosulfonic acid (CSA). According to the experimental design, the most significant parameter was sulfonation temperature, followed by CSA/ME molar ratio. Under the optimum sulfonation conditions (that is, 70°C sulfonation temperature, 2.0 h sulfonation time, 1.5:1 mol/mol CSA/ME molar ratio and 2.0 h aging time), the MES yield and the corresponding signal/noise ratio were 92.08 ± 0.28% and 39.28, respectively. The obtained FTIR and 1H NMR data revealed spectra associated with methyl (CH2 asymmetric and CH2 symmetric stretching vibrations), esters (CO, CO, and OCH3), and sulfonate (SO) groups in the MES sample synthesized under optimal conditions, thus confirming the tar...
Arab journal of basic and applied sciences, Oct 11, 2023
Adsorption performance of maize cob-derived activated carbon (MCAC) for the removal of nickel (II... more Adsorption performance of maize cob-derived activated carbon (MCAC) for the removal of nickel (II) from solution was investigated in the present study. The MCAC was prepared by adsorbent chemical activation method. Afterwards, the MCAC was characterized and utilized as the adsorbent for batch adsorption process. Initial adsorbate concentration, contact time and adsorbent dosage were considered as the independent variables for the adsorption process. The experiments were designed based upon central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology with the aid of Design Expert. The experimental data were fitted into a model using ATLAB regression analysis, and the developed model was later simulated to obtain the operation parameters that will give the optimum removal efficiency. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that all the considered independent process variables had significant effect on the adsorption process. The simulated response from MATLAB
gave 97.113% removal efficiency of nickel (II) on experimental validation at optimum conditions of 9.75 mg/L initial nickel (II) concentration, 120 min contact time and 0.803 g adsorbent dosage. This result correlates with CCD that predicted 97.6154% nickel (II) removal efficiency. The experimental data were observed to be best fitted to pseudo-second-order kinetic model which showed that the process is chemisorption controlled. Hence, it may be concluded from the present data that MCAC is highly effective for the removal of Ni(II) from aqueous solution and the highly generated agricultural waste (Maize cob) can the easily modified as a adsorbent.
Day 2 Tue, August 03, 2021, 2021
There are a good numbers of brown hydrocarbon reservoirs, with a substantial amount of bypassed o... more There are a good numbers of brown hydrocarbon reservoirs, with a substantial amount of bypassed oil. These reservoirs are said to be brown, because a huge chunk of its recoverable oil have been produced. Since a significant number of prominent oil fields are matured and the number of new discoveries is declining, it is imperative to assess performances of waterflooding in such reservoirs; taking an undersaturated reservoir as a case study. It should be recalled that Waterflooding is widely accepted and used as a means of secondary oil recovery method, sometimes after depletion of primary energy sources. The effects of permeability distribution on flood performances is of concerns in this study. The presence of high permeability streaks could lead to an early water breakthrough at the producers, thus reducing the sweep efficiency in the field. A solution approach adopted in this study was reserve water injection. A reverse approach because, a producing well is converted to water inje...
Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Medical facilities, such as hospitals, clinics, and locations where diagnosis and treatment are a... more Medical facilities, such as hospitals, clinics, and locations where diagnosis and treatment are administered, create dangerous waste that predisposes individuals to deadly infections. Medical waste management aims to improve health and prevent public health and environmental threats. Questionnaires, interviews, site visitations, and observations were utilized to determine the management strategies implemented in the three hospitals and evaluate the efficacy of waste management. The hospitals under review are Afe Babalola University Multi-system Hospital (AMSH), Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital (EKSUTH), and Federal Teaching Hospital Ido-Ekiti (FETHI). Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was utilized for the statistical analysis of the questionnaires, and the mean assessment was utilized to compute the waste per bed each day. The results revealed that the three hospitals’ sharp, infectious, and pharmaceutical waste is the most sorted. All hospitals burn their m...
A new silicate based surfactant, comparatively proven to be cheap and efficient, for enhanced oil... more A new silicate based surfactant, comparatively proven to be cheap and efficient, for enhanced oil recovery is developed. The silica based surfactant was prepared from silicate with highest percentage of silica and evaluated for reduced interfacial tension, and core flooding experiments simultaneously with sampled commercial surfactants, for its potency to aid oil flow. The feedstock, for silica based surfactants, composed massively abundant eartly silicate, rich in silicon. The silica is hydrolyzed at elevated temperature and continously heated up to form oxides of silica. The performance of the silica based surfactants was studied for its oil recovery efficiency with a commercial surfactants as a guide. The results showed that silica based surfactants dissolves in produced water, an adjusted interfacial tension value of 0.101dyne/cm was obtained. An improvement of additional 10% of oil initially in place was produced ahead of a branded commercial surfactants, from a set up that has undergone excessive water flood. The results obtained, confirmed that there is a possibility of developing new surfactants from sustainable abundance of earthly silicate.
A significant amount of hydrocarbon ends up unrecovered due to poor sweep efficiency, after water... more A significant amount of hydrocarbon ends up unrecovered due to poor sweep efficiency, after water flooding, with oil recovery factor typically less than 50%. Residual oil saturation varies depending on lithology, pore size distribution, permeability, Wettability, fluid characteristics, recovery method, and production scheme. The reservoir history showed that oil initially in place was 95.76 MMSTB, dissolved gas volume of 83.79 BSCF and 266.22 MMSTB of water. Oil production rate was 10,000 STB/D, cumulative oil produced was 72.73 MMSTB, and cumulative water produced was 132.91 MMSTB. A cumulative of 65.74 MMSTB of water was injected a daily rate of 3000 BW/D. The initial reservoir pressure was 4912 psia and bubble point pressure of 3592 psia. Water breakthrough occurred after the 7th year of continuous water injection. The simulation result showed that 22.97 MMSTB was bypassed (23.9 % of oil initially in place).
In order to properly meet up with the ever-increasing demand for petroleum products worldwide, it... more In order to properly meet up with the ever-increasing demand for petroleum products worldwide, it has become increasingly necessary to produce oil and gas fields more economically and efficiently. Waterflooding is currently the most widely used secondary recovery method to improve oil recovery after primary depletion. A crucial component required to conduct an efficient waterflooding operation is an optimal production setting, most especially with respect to the amount of water involved. This research work has been carried out to develop a model that can be used to maximize oil recovery and minimize water production with the least amount and number of waterflood variables in order to minimize the secondary recovery investment cost. The gradient-based approach to optimize the production and net present value (NPV) from a waterflood reservoir using the flow rates or bottom hole pressures of the production wells as the controlling factors with the use of smart well technology was applied. In this approach, a variant of the optimal switching time technique was used in the optimization process to equalize the arrival times of the waterfront at multiple producers, thereby increasing the cumulative oil production. The optimization procedure involved maximizing the objective function (NPV) by adjusting a set of manipulated variables (flow rates). The optimal pressure profile of the waterflood scenario that gave the maximum NPV was obtained as the solution to the waterflood problem. The proposed optimization methodology was applied to a waterflood process carried out on a reservoir field developed by a five-spot recovery design in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria, which was used as a case study. The forward run was carried out with a commercial reservoir oil simulator. The results of the waterflood optimization revealed that an increase in the net present value of up to 9.7% and an increase in cumulative production of up to 30% from the base case could be achieved.
It is important to know that analysis and selection of choke sizes for oil wells is imperative fo... more It is important to know that analysis and selection of choke sizes for oil wells is imperative for production optimizations in reservoir management. Chokes are necessary in every wellhead completion for regulating flow from the reservoir. Random selection of choke sizes has been a bad practice. For the case study of this work, productions from 3 gas condensate wells have declined with pressure over three years. The initial reservoir pressures of 5870 psi, 4373 psi and 2248 psi, initial production rates ranging from 82.3 BOPD to 242.57 BOPD and 3.018 MMSCFD to 5.001 MMSCFD respectively, with choke sizes ranging from 22/64" to 24/64". However, these reservoir pressures have depleted over 3 years by about 100 psi to 3800 psi for each well with early water breakthrough ranging from 10% to 25% basic sediment and water (BS&W). No analysis of choke sizes selection to flow the wells at the initial stage. This research work has been carried out on pressure depletion control corresponding with its drawdown. This was achieved by modelling and simulating PVT data, completion data, IPR and VLP data and well-test data as well as sensitivity analysis with the aid of PROSPER. Results obtained indicated the need to reduce choke sizes, thereby reducing the drawdown. The reduction of choke size gave a decrease in production volume ranging from 15 to 59% for both oil and gas. However, the reduction in choke sizes also gave decrease in water production of about 92%, 100% and 22% for the respective wells. The choke size sensitivity analysis showed that continuation of the initial choke sizes on 24/64" gave a higher drawdown value above 100 psi, which increased the pull of water conning. Recommendation of the new choke sizes within 18/64" to 20/64" showed the drawdown of 79 psi, 71.5 psi and 80.5 psi. New choke size selection was recommended for the reservoir management of each well.
The utilization of biomass to generate energy, chemicals and materials is one of the essential el... more The utilization of biomass to generate energy, chemicals and materials is one of the essential elements of sustainable development. It would be beneficial if substitutes for these petrochemicals are developed with an eye to the future. Currently, research is being done to discover ways to produce petrochemicals in an eco-friendlier way, e.g., converting biomass towards bulk chemicals like butadiene. Butadiene is an essential element in the petrochemical sector, and demand for it has increased along with the expansion of the petrochemical market. Furthermore, rubber products have a wide range of applications in the automotive, oil and gas, medical and plastic industries. When oil prices are stable, the rubber market becomes steady and prices become reasonable. In contributing to this development, an energy efficient plant has been designed in this work. The plant uses sweet sorghum as the main raw material stream and produced 30,000 kg/hr of 1, 3-butadiene. The process consisted of four distinct stages: juice extraction, fermentation, ethanol dehydration and butadiene separation. The thermodynamic method used in the simulation was Non-Random Two-Liquid (NRTL) model. The results from the work provided a design and an economic analysis for a complete butadiene production plant. Mass and energy balances were also provided, and the utility requirements were determined by exergy, exergy-economics and pinch studies using Aspen Plus software.
After the primary and secondary oil recoveries, a substantial amount of oil is left in the reserv... more After the primary and secondary oil recoveries, a substantial amount of oil is left in the reservoir which can be recovered by tertiary methods like the Alkaline-Surfactant Flood. Reasons for having some unproduced hydrocarbon in the reservoir include and not limited to the following; forces of attraction fluid contacts, low permeability, high viscous fluid, poor swept efficiency, etc. Although, it is possible to commence waterflooding together chemical injection at the start of production. Reservoir simulation with commercial simulator, could guide in selecting the most appropriate period to commence chemical flooding. In this study, the performance of a new synthetic surfactant produced from Jatropha Curcas seed was compared with that of a selected commercial surfactant in the presence of an alkaline and this shows that the non-edible Jatropha oil is a natural, inexpensive and a renewable source of energy for the production of anionic surfactants and a good substitute for commercial surfactants like Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate (SDS). The Methyl Ester Sulfonate (MES) surfactant showed no precipitation or cloudiness during stability test and was able to reduce the Interfacial Tension (IFT) to 0.018 mN/m and 0.020 mN/m in the presence of sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide respectively as alkaline at low surfactant concentration. The optimum alkaline surfactant formulation in terms of oil recovery performance obtained from the core flooding experiment corresponds to a concentration of sodium carbonate (0.5wt%), sodium hydroxide (0.5wt%) mixed in distilled water and Methyl Ester Sulfonate (MES) surfactant (1wt%). The injection of 0.5 percentage volume of alkaline surfactant slug produced an incremental oil recovery of 26.7% and 29% respectively. With these incremental oil recoveries, increasing demand for hydrocarbons product could be met, and returns on investment portfolio will be improved.
Day 2 Tue, August 03, 2021
Hydrocarbons recoveries from matured fileds require enhancement. This is because matured oil fiel... more Hydrocarbons recoveries from matured fileds require enhancement. This is because matured oil fields have undergone pressure depletions. Polymer injection is a proven means of hydrocarbon recovery enhancement. Therefore, search for polymer materials and preparations of polymer, in the vicinity of matured field is the focus of this study. A lead was found in a starch and investigated to cassava tubers. Cassava starch are brine - water soluble, and are used for favorable mobility control. Laboratory tests were conducted for starch solubility and stability at predetermined saline environment and selected ‘reservoir’ temperature and pressure. Physico - chemical properties and other characteristics of the locally sourced polymer were guided by branded commercial polymers. In all, ten batches of laboratory core flooding excercises were conducted on oil-soaked cores, with five different brine concentrations, followed by another five-cassava starch polymer of concentration 0.00 g/l, 4.35 g/L...
Day 2 Tue, August 02, 2022
Drilling in search for hydrocarbon is an essential component of exploration and production activi... more Drilling in search for hydrocarbon is an essential component of exploration and production activities. Chemicals, Drill rig, Casing, Tubing, Drill pipes and bits are basic requirements to successfully drill a well. Rotary Drilling rig is very crucial among the basic requirements. A major function of rotary drilling rig, is continuous circulation of drilling fluid and removal of cuttings. Hence, this paper focused on the design and construction of drilling rig prototype, for training purposes in academic environment. Components were constructed from the most suitable materials obtained from metal scraps individually, and when put together forms an integrated system that enables the drilling process to make a well. The prototype was produced successfully. The mixing hopper, hoisting and the mud circulatory systems were fully incorporated and connected. The rig prototype was, in principle, to transport fluid from the mud pit up the stand pipe to the swivel via the rotary hose down the ...
Day 2 Tue, August 03, 2021, 2021
There are a good numbers of brown hydrocarbon reservoirs, with a substantial amount of bypassed o... more There are a good numbers of brown hydrocarbon reservoirs, with a substantial amount of bypassed oil. These reservoirs are said to be brown, because a huge chunk of its recoverable oil have been produced. Since a significant number of prominent oil fields are matured and the number of new discoveries is declining, it is imperative to assess performances of waterflooding in such reservoirs; taking an undersaturated reservoir as a case study. It should be recalled that Waterflooding is widely accepted and used as a means of secondary oil recovery method, sometimes after depletion of primary energy sources. The effects of permeability distribution on flood performances is of concerns in this study. The presence of high permeability streaks could lead to an early water breakthrough at the producers, thus reducing the sweep efficiency in the field. A solution approach adopted in this study was reserve water injection. A reverse approach because, a producing well is converted to water inje...
Day 3 Wed, August 04, 2021, 2021
After the primary and secondary oil recoveries, a substantial amount of oil is left in the reserv... more After the primary and secondary oil recoveries, a substantial amount of oil is left in the reservoir which can be recovered by tertiary methods like the Alkaline-Surfactant Flood. Reasons for having some unproduced hydrocarbon in the reservoir include and not limited to the following; forces of attraction fluid contacts, low permeability, high viscous fluid, poor swept efficiency, etc. Although, it is possible to commence waterflooding together chemical injection at the start of production. Reservoir simulation with commercial simulator, could guide in selecting the most appropriate period to commence chemical flooding. In this study, the performance of a new synthetic surfactant produced from Jatropha Curcas seed was compared with that of a selected commercial surfactant in the presence of an alkaline and this shows that the non-edible Jatropha oil is a natural, inexpensive and a renewable source of energy for the production of anionic surfactants and a good substitute for commerci...
Day 3 Wed, August 04, 2021, 2021
Produced water reinjection (PWRI) is one of the methods employed by oilfield operators to optimiz... more Produced water reinjection (PWRI) is one of the methods employed by oilfield operators to optimize production while conforming to increasingly stringent produced water disposal policies. Different produced water species from different facilities also have different salinities as a result of entrainment of treatment fluids, precipitation of salts at surface conditions, etc. During re-injection operations, the salinity of the injection fluid has to be accounted for as it affects the production. Previous studies have focused on laboratory analysis by core flooding. While this approach is indeed reasonable and offers a first-hand impression of the reservoir conditions, it presents a problem of cost and the age-old opinion that the core sample may not be representative of the entire reservoir. Therefore, I have employed a computer modeling approach using a commercial simulator to analyze the influence of salinity on production during produced water re-injection. It was found that the sal...
Day 1 Tue, August 11, 2020, 2020
A significant amount of hydrocarbon ends up unrecovered due to poor sweep efficiency, after water... more A significant amount of hydrocarbon ends up unrecovered due to poor sweep efficiency, after water flooding, with oil recovery factor typically less than 50%. Residual oil saturation varies depending on lithology, pore size distribution, permeability, Wettability, fluid characteristics, recovery method, and production scheme. The reservoir history showed that oil initially in place was 95.76 MMSTB, dissolved gas volume of 83.79 BSCF and 266.22 MMSTB of water. Oil production rate was 10,000 STB/D, cumulative oil produced was 72.73 MMSTB, and cumulative water produced was 132.91 MMSTB. A cumulative of 65.74 MMSTB of water was injected a daily rate of 3000 BW/D. The initial reservoir pressure was 4912 psia and bubble point pressure of 3592 psia. Water breakthrough occurred after the 7th year of continuous water injection. The simulation result showed that 22.97 MMSTB was bypassed (23.9 % of oil initially in place).
SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition, 2018
A new silicate based surfactant, comparatively proven to be cheap and efficient, for enhanced oil... more A new silicate based surfactant, comparatively proven to be cheap and efficient, for enhanced oil recovery is developed. The silica based surfactant was prepared from silicate with highest percentage of silica and evaluated for reduced interfacial tension, and core flooding experiments simultaneously with sampled commercial surfactants, for its potency to aid oil flow. The feedstock, for silica based surfactants, composed massively abundant eartly silicate, rich in silicon. The silica is hydrolyzed at elevated temperature and continously heated up to form oxides of silica. The performance of the silica based surfactants was studied for its oil recovery efficiency with a commercial surfactants as a guide. The results showed that silica based surfactants dissolves in produced water, an adjusted interfacial tension value of 0.101dyne/cm was obtained. An improvement of additional 10% of oil initially in place was produced ahead of a branded commercial surfactants, from a set up that has...
SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition, 2015
Surfactants are used as suspending and foaming agents. Crude oils deposited and found in sandston... more Surfactants are used as suspending and foaming agents. Crude oils deposited and found in sandstone and high temperature environment are often very light. But, Pore throats restrictions made it difficult for such oil to flow unaided. Specially designed surfactants, called IbileSurfac, will serve as a carrier to crude oil, while overcoming barriers posed by saline water. This study was primarily conducted on locally sourced surfactants, called IbileSurfac. IbileSurfac, together with Tween 80, Teepol, and Lauryl Sulphate were screened with NaCl-only brines and n-octane fluid at a unitary value of water/oil ratio for temperatures between approximately 900C and 120°C; at intervals of 5°C. All test cases were performed in the absence of methanol or ethanol (No alcohols present) and other co-solvents, in a Pressure-Volume-Temperature cell. Both volume and pressure were kept constant. Varying phase behavior was observed for each class of surfactants, with minimum salinity value of 0.001part...
SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition, 2015
Journal of Surfactants and Detergents
Developing a robust and facile process route for fatty acid methyl ester sulfonate (MES) synthesi... more Developing a robust and facile process route for fatty acid methyl ester sulfonate (MES) synthesis is of importance for industrial applications. Herein, Taguchi orthogonal array (OA) approach was used for the first time to establish the optimum process condition for the sulfonation of methyl esters (ME) with chlorosulfonic acid (CSA). According to the experimental design, the most significant parameter was sulfonation temperature, followed by CSA/ME molar ratio. Under the optimum sulfonation conditions (that is, 70°C sulfonation temperature, 2.0 h sulfonation time, 1.5:1 mol/mol CSA/ME molar ratio and 2.0 h aging time), the MES yield and the corresponding signal/noise ratio were 92.08 ± 0.28% and 39.28, respectively. The obtained FTIR and 1H NMR data revealed spectra associated with methyl (CH2 asymmetric and CH2 symmetric stretching vibrations), esters (CO, CO, and OCH3), and sulfonate (SO) groups in the MES sample synthesized under optimal conditions, thus confirming the tar...
Conference: SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition, 2021
In order to properly meet up with the ever-increasing demand for petroleum products worldwide, it... more In order to properly meet up with the ever-increasing demand for petroleum products worldwide, it has become increasingly necessary to produce oil and gas fields more economically and efficiently. Waterflooding is currently the most widely used secondary recovery method to improve oil recovery after primary depletion. A crucial component required to conduct an efficient waterflooding operation is an optimal production setting, most especially with respect to the amount of water involved. This research work has been carried out to develop a model that can be used to maximize oil recovery and minimize water production with the least amount and number of waterflood variables in order to minimize the secondary recovery investment cost. The gradient-based approach to optimize the production and net present value (NPV) from a waterflood reservoir using the flow rates or bottom hole pressures of the production wells as the controlling factors with the use of smart well technology was applied. In this approach, a variant of the optimal switching time technique was used in the optimization process to equalize the arrival times of the waterfront at multiple producers, thereby increasing the cumulative oil production. The optimization procedure involved maximizing the objective function (NPV) by adjusting a set of manipulated variables (flow rates). The optimal pressure profile of the waterflood scenario that gives the maximum NPV was obtained as the solution to the waterflood problem. The proposed optimization methodology was applied to a waterflood process carried out on a reservoir field developed by a five-spot recovery design in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria, which was used as a case study. The forward run was carried out with a commercial reservoir oil simulator. The results of the waterflood optimization revealed that an increase in the net present value of up to 9.7% and an increase in cumulative production of up to 30% from the base case could be achieved.