Muhidin muhidin | Halu Oleo University (original) (raw)

Papers by Muhidin muhidin

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity

Improving a new variety commonly depends on the nature and magnitude of genetic variability and i... more Improving a new variety commonly depends on the nature and magnitude of genetic variability and its utilization, followed by selection and evaluation before being released into new superior types. The present study aims to estimate the genetic variability and relation between yield and its related traits of the red rice promising lines. The experiment was arranged based on a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among rice lines for 12 quantitative traits. The phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) value was higher than the genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), indicating a negligible environmental influence in the phenotypic expression of traits. High heritability estimates coupled with high genetic advance were recorded for grain total per panicle and grain yield per hill. Grain yield observed a highly significant positive correlation with panicle length (0.63), percentage of filled grains (0.53), grain weight per panicle (0.54), and thousand-grain weight (0.52). It correlated negatively with days to 50% flowering (-0.61) and days to maturity (-0.48). The study indicated that panicle length, percentage of filled grains, grain weight per panicle, and thousand-grain weight are important yield-related traits and could be used for selection to improve the genetic potential of rice yield.

Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia, 2017

Agricultural land on the Binongko Island has categories as dry land on the dry climates. Characte... more Agricultural land on the Binongko Island has categories as dry land on the dry climates. Characteristics of land dominated by rocky ground with low fertility and irrigation systems depend on the rainfall. The main problem of agriculture system is low productivity. The effort to improve land productivity is directed towards to the application of local wisdom that has economic, social, cultural and ecological advantageous. The aim of the research was to explore the local knowledge in agricultural systems. The results showed that Binongko Island communities have local wisdom in the farming system, which applies from land clearing, planting, maintain, harvesting and post-harvest. In the land-clearing phase, there is local wisdom bhelai'a, which is a form of respect to natural ruler and petition to obtain abundant harvests. In the phase of planting, there are mixed farming systems as local wisdom and adaptation strategy to sub-optimal soil conditions. Furthermore, the maintenance phase there are local wisdoms that appears in honowu action, plant pests and diseases preventive action. Similarly, in the stage of harvest and post-harvest with religious rituals as an expression of gratitude to the grace of God Almighty.

Banana is important commodity in Indonesia as source of food and energy. Naturally, banana grows ... more Banana is important commodity in Indonesia as source of food and energy. Naturally, banana grows in open areas. Planting dwarf banana cavendish under natural shade are is limited, because the growth of plant is inhibited due to the low light intensity. Developing dwarf banana cavendish that tolerant to shade is important. The tolerant cultivar can be planted on the stand either in the form agroforestry or plantation crops as interplanting. The dwarf banana cavendish were collected from various places in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. The research was arranged in a split plot design with three replications. Two factors are considered (i) the existence of natural shade or without shade, and (ii) plant genotype. The parameters observed were the vegetative and the generative character. The results showed that there was different characteristic of the dwarf banana cavendish under shade condition base on the vegetative growth. On the generative character showed some variation but still below the threshold of acceptable tolerance. Therefore, it is recommended that dwarf banana accessions selected can be used as source to develop dwarf banana shaded tolerant.

Demand for rice as a source of food in Indonesia continues to increase in line with the growth of... more Demand for rice as a source of food in Indonesia continues to increase in line with the growth of population, while the capacity to produce paddy rice increasingly limited. One of the efforts is to develop upland rice that tolerant to drought and high production potential the hybridization. The study was conducted at the experimental field of the Faculty of Agriculture Halu Oleo University. Production characters were observed and assessments are tillers number, a number of productive tillers, panicle length, number of filled grain/panicle and weight 1,000 seed grains. The results showed that there is eight promising progeny of upland rice that are tolerant to drought and high potential yield.

Seed vigor and germination ability directly affect seedling emergence and yield. Seed bio-invigor... more Seed vigor and germination ability directly affect seedling emergence and yield. Seed bio-invigoration using indigenous rhizobacteria was studied to improve viability and vigor of upland rice seeds. The research design using completely randomize design (CRD) with eighteen treatment ie. Control, Dithane, Hydration, KNO 3 + Bacillus sp. CKD061, KNO 3 + P. fluorescens TBT214, KNO 3 + Serratia sp. CMN175, NaCl + Bacillus sp. CKD061, NaCl + P. fluorescens TBT214, NaCl + Serratia sp. CMN175, matriconditioning using ground burned-rice husk + Bacillus sp. CKD061, matriconditioning using ground burned-rice husk + P. fluorescens TBT214, matriconditioning using ground burned-rice husk + Serratia sp. CMN175, matriconditioning using ground brick + Bacillus sp. CKD061, matriconditioning using ground brick + P. fluorescens TBT214, matriconditioning using ground brick + Serratia sp. CMN175, Bacillus sp. CKD061 + P. fluorescens TBT214, Bacillus sp. CKD061 + Serratia sp. CMN175, P. fluorescens TBT214 + Serratia sp. CMN175, with three replication. Research showed that seed bio-invigoration with Bacillus spp. CKD061 integrated with ground burned-rice husk or ground brick give the highest maximum growth rate, germination rate, relative growth, vigor index, and T 50. Seed treatment with Bacillus spp. CKD061 integrated with ground burned rice husk increased vigor index by 63% when compared to control.

This research about the substitutes of sugar cane that have the characteristics of a natural, val... more This research about the substitutes of sugar cane that have the characteristics of a natural, valuable health, and have many functions for the preservation of nature. Brown sugar is a sugar substitute derived from palm plants, such as aren (Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merrill), coconut (Cocos nucivera), siwalan (Borassus flabellifer L.). This research aims to investigate the potential of resource, social and economic of brown sugar as a natural sweetener that can substitute sugar cane. The study shows that the aren trees which is the raw material of brown sugar is available in abundance, especially in mainland Southeast Asia, has high adaptability, it also serves as a forestry crop. Furthermore, brown sugar business can be done by people with low education, and in all age groups but predominantly in the range of productive age. Brown sugar is a natural sweetener because of its natural raw materials and the way of processing so valuable health. Economically, brown sugar has proven to be a source of livelihood and feasible to be developed. The implication of this study is about information to explore the potential of resources, social, and economics of brown sugar as a natural sweetener internationally.

Abstract: Largeness of deforestation area in Indonesia tends to increase very year, and this phen... more Abstract: Largeness of deforestation area in Indonesia tends to increase very year, and this phenomenal occurs in forest area of Jompi watershed in Indonesia. This research aimed at (1) identifying the perpetrators of deforestation in Jompi watershed area, (2) knowing the land largeness of the society within the forest area of Jompi watershed, and (3) knowing the factors influencing land largeness of the society in the aforementioned area. The results of this research showed that (1) the agents of deforestation in forest area of Jompi watershed comprised people who worked as farmers and not farmers. The people who worked as not farmers, i.e. : merchants, civil servants, and retired civil servants, carpenter/bricklayer, and drivers; (2) the land largeness of the society on the researched area was about 0.08-0.75 ha per person with the average land largeness was 0.34 ha per person; (3) largeness of deforestation in forest area of Jompi watershed was influenced by household income per capita, the number of family members, lack of knowledge about the function of forest, land largeness outside the forest area of Jompi watershed, transportation expenses to the nearest market, distance of house to the forest, and side job.

Developing method to control weed using rhizobacteria has been increasingly studied recently and ... more Developing method to control weed using rhizobacteria has been increasingly studied recently and environmentally sound friendly strategies. The purpose of this research were to evaluate the effectiveness of indigenous rhizobacteria isolates which are isolated from Buton, Muna and South Konawe Southeast Sulawesi Indonesia on the inhibition of seed germination and growth seedling of several types of weeds. A series of experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Agrotechnology University of Halu Oleo. The research arranged in completely randomize design (CRD) with five treatments of rhizobacteria isolates: BL03, BL07, MS01,SS01, SS02, and control (non-treatment). Each treatment was repeated three times, totalling 18 experimental units. The results showed that the rhizobacteria treatments had significant effect on weed seed germination parameters, which included percentage of germination and relative growth rate, and weed vegetative growth of seedling height and number of leaves. Rhizobacteria isolates of BL03, BL07, MS01, SS01 and SS02 were consistently able to exhibit inhibitory activity on any weed species tested (Paspalum conjugatum, Ageratum conyzoides, Chromolaena odorata and Amaranthus spinosus) on both seed germination and vegetative growth. The mechanism of inhibition was supposedly enabled by the ability of the four rhizobacteria isolates in producing hydrogen cyanide compounds (HCN). Further study is needed to determine the weed control mechanisms by the isolates and its development as effective bio-herbicide.

The topographical diversity of Bohusimale Mountain with its serpentinite bedrocks under the influ... more The topographical diversity of Bohusimale Mountain with its serpentinite bedrocks under the influence of tropical climate accounts for the differences of the process of soil formation and the characteristics of the formed soils. A research was conducted to study the genesis and classification of the soils on the serpentinite bedrocks. Observation was conducted on the summit, backslope, and footslope of the mountain. The physical, chemical, and mineral properties of the soil and rock samples were analyzed in the laboratory. Result of the research showed that the specific processes of the formation of the soils on the serpentinite bedrocks were desilication and ferrallization. The formed soil contained clay minerals dominated by goethite and magnetite, Fed (13.91-22.28%), Fet (17.80-25.81%) and a high ratio of Fed/Fet (0.75-0.91). The soils that had the highest level of development were the soils on the footslope, then on the summit, and on the backslope. The soils that were formed on the serpentinite bedrocks on the summit and the backslope were classified as Rhodic Kanhaplustalfs, whereas the soil on the footslope was classified as Petroferric Haplustox.

Exploring upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars from Tolakinese of South Konawe Regency was con... more Exploring upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars from Tolakinese of South Konawe Regency was conducted in 2015 and collected 20 types of local cultivars based on their own farming knowledge and culture of upland rice cultivation. From these cultivars, we selected four cultivars based on characteristics of panicle, grain performance and germination test. The cultivars' names are: pae Dai Ndongalaru, pae Bou, pae Uba and pae Dai Bandoeha. This experiment was conducted in plastic house as pot culture with four levels of water application: 25 %, 50 %, 100 % and 150 % soil water holding capacity (WHC). The results indicated that lower level WHC was delayed panicle emergence and maturity stage and higher of WHC was reduced shoot and grain yield. The optimum of water application was 50 to 100 % WHC which induced growth and grain yield of tested cultivars.

Sago palm (Metroxylon sagu Rottb) is a key staple food for residents in eastern Indonesia and the... more Sago palm (Metroxylon sagu Rottb) is a key staple food for residents in eastern Indonesia and the second staple food after rice so that it becomes favorite local food. Development and utilization of sago is very strategic to support and ensure the food security in Indonesia. The development of sago in Indonesia faces serious problems due to the narrowing areas of sago planting and declining of its production potency. Development of sago palm should be directed to be conducted on dry land. Although the dry land is not the native habitat of sago palm, but it is abundant compared to the limited wetland. Therefore, it is necessary to characterize the effect of different environmental conditions on sago planting, mainly concerning the relation of soil physical and chemical properties to the growth, production potential, and quality of produced sago starch. The research results showed that (1) sago plant has a better growth on wetland than on dry land, (2) despite the dry land is less suitable for the cultivation of sago, but if nutrients required by sago plants are available, then the sago plants can be grown on dry land, (3) Therefore, to obtain high growth and production on dry land, the addition of organic matter is needed.

Sago is one of the crops that can be used as a source of carbohydrate. Sago also is included in t... more Sago is one of the crops that can be used as a source of carbohydrate. Sago also is included in the group of major tropical perishable staple foods. Sago palms flourish under swamp or even flooded conditions. Sago palms potential to accumulate carbohydrates very large and can reach 25 tons per hectare. The acreage of sago tends to decrease as a result of land conversion. Native habitat of sago palm is in wetland area that also limited. The expansion of sago palm is directed to the area with relatively drier in high elevation or altitude. Therefore need the assessment and characterization the effect of elevation gradient on the growth and production of sago palm. Result showed that the elevation gradient has positive effect on the vegetative growth. The vegetative character increases in line with the increase of elevation. In contrast, the increase in elevation cause delayed in the time of flowering.

The use a high vigor of source of plant material (seeds/seedlings) is an important requirement fo... more The use a high vigor of source of plant material (seeds/seedlings) is an important requirement for increasing crop productivity, especially cultivated on marginal soil. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the effectiveness of bio-invigoration technologies in improving seed viability and vigor of cocoa. Laboratory test was arranged in split plot completely block design. The main plot consisted of two sources of cocoa seeds, i.e. Forastero and Trinitario, while the sub plot contained 10 seed bio-invigoration technique treatments, i.e. KNO 1%, matriconditioning using ground brick, matriconditioning using ground burned-rice husk, 3 rhizobacteria Bacillus sp. CKD061, rhizobacteria P. fluorescens PG01, matriconditioning using ground brick + Bacillus sp. CKD061, matriconditioning using ground burned-rice husk + Bacillus sp. CKD061, matriconditioning using ground brick + P. fluorescens PG01, matriconditioning using ground burned-rice husk + P. fluorescens PG01 and treated by sterile water as a control. Each treatment replicated three times, therefore, overall there were 60 experimental units. Data obtained were analized using analysis of variance and followed with Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The seed viability and vigor were evaluated by measuring their germination rate, maximum growth potential, seed uniform, relative growth rate and seedling height. The result showed that bio-invigoration treatments were effective to increase seed viability and vigor of cocoa. Independently, the use of rhizobacteria Bacillus sp. CKD061 or P. fluorescens PG01 gives better results and effectively improve seed viability and vigor of Forastero and Trinitario. Based on this experiment, seed bio-invigoration using Bacillus sp. CKD061 or P. fluorescens PG01 could be recommended in improving viability and vigor of cocoa seed.

The objective of this study is to create a model of poverty alleviation through a diversified mar... more The objective of this study is to create a model of poverty alleviation through a diversified marketing of instant terasi in South East Sulawesi. A descriptive farmer's share analysis was employed in the study. The results showed that the producer set three different base-prices for three types of terasi packs, namely the 15 g package of IDR 4,000, 10 g package of IDR 3,000 and 5 g package of IDR 1.500. An analysis of the farmer's share on 95 % of the producers based on traders and consumers point of view were satisfied with the high price of the model while traders gained much profit and consumer were satisfied on packaging, practiced in handling and serving, price and taste. It can be concluded that the terasi instant marketing in South East Sulawesi Province was preceded efficient. More work should be tested on the validity and precision of terasi model on other consumer goods in the other parts of Indonesia.

This paper analyzes the role of institutional Parabela as a local agriculture institution in Buto... more This paper analyzes the role of institutional Parabela as a local agriculture institution in Buton. The local Institutional of Parabela has the obligation to carry out the management of land rights for sustainable agriculture living in Buton Regency, which has been running for hundreds of years until now. The results show that institutional Parabela survived her duties with the various dynamics. In parabela, history has and continues to experience the effects of both the information technology, the progress of development, especially the development of agriculture and land use regulations outlined in the agrarian law and the influence of the various structures that accompany the dialectic between the different interests of sight. Progress of human life affect either individual or institutional actors parabela that can adapt to a variety of interests, especially particular interests of the farm domestic, the interests of local government (local administration) and the interests of the market (local market). Parabela leadership has social assets that can generate social relationships directly or indirectly in the short-term and long-term, which are family, neighbors, friends and community in the broad sense. It has expected that future studies should focus on Parabela as the primary vehicle to create social sustainable capital.

Rice is an important staple food in Asian populations. World's major rice producing countries are... more Rice is an important staple food in Asian populations. World's major rice producing countries are Thailand, China and Vietnam, while Indonesia is the main consumer of rice. Future demand for rice is expected to increase, in line with the population growth. Upland red rice is an important staple food and is often used as a complementary food for local food staples such as sago. General constraints in the development of upland red rice among others are low crop productivity, relatively long harvest time and lack of farmers' land. The efforts should be made to develop upland red rice as the intercrop under forest trees in an agro forestry farming system. Therefore, in such conditions there is a dire need to develop upland red rice that is tolerant to low light conditions.

Background: Improvement of local upland rice cultivars is very promising and has a good potential... more Background: Improvement of local upland rice cultivars is very promising and has a good potential. In addition, land that used for the development of upland rice is generally acidic soils with the main problem of aluminum toxicity and low pH. Aluminum toxicity resulted in low yield of upland rice in acidic soils. Planting of upland rice varieties that tolerant to aluminum is the most inexpensive and easy to be implemented by farmer. Objective: to obtain pure line of local upland rice derived from crossing that tolerance to Al toxicity and high yielding potential on acidic soils. Results: there was a high variation in the observed variables. Almost of F2 progeny have RRE values > 0.5 (resistant to Al stress). Similarly, the ratio of root-shoot showed variation among evaluated progenies. Phenotypically, in the sensitive plant progenies, an addition of 60 ppm Al inhibited root growth so it's very short and thin. Conclusion: The differences in resistance to Al among F2 progeny of crosses was caused by inherited genetic variation of the parental crosses. We proposed to use the progeny of 33/BU3 as material selection in order to obtain the Al-resistant pure line.

Six progenies F2 plants deriving from crossbreeding of cultivated rice 33/Wagamba were planted. T... more Six progenies F2 plants deriving from crossbreeding of cultivated rice 33/Wagamba were planted. The objectives of the experiment were to study the morphology and agronomic characters of F2 plants, and to study the heritability, genetic and phenotype variances of F2 progenies resulting from rice crossbreeding. The results showed that there were high variations in the growth of local upland rice 8

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity

Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia, 2017