M. Hallikainen | Aalto University (original) (raw)

Papers by M. Hallikainen

Research paper thumbnail of MODELING OF DIELECTRIC BEHAVIOR OF WET SNOW IN THE 4-18 GHz RANGE

Research paper thumbnail of Comparison of ERS-2 SAR, HUTSCAT and CARABAS results for boreal forest

IGARSS '98. Sensing and Managing the Environment. 1998 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing. Symposium Proceedings. (Cat. No.98CH36174), 1998

A combined airborne and spaceborne radar remote sensing campaign on boreal forest was conducted i... more A combined airborne and spaceborne radar remote sensing campaign on boreal forest was conducted in Tuusula, near Helsinki, in June and September 1997 in the framework of the EU EUFORA project. Airborne radar data was collected by the HUTSCAT ranging scatterometer on 6 and 12 June, and by the CARABAS SAR on 30 September. Spaceborne radar data include ERS-2 SAR images acquired on 1, 12, and 17 June. Ground truth data includes detailed information on weather, canopy, and soil parameters. The feasibility of various radar frequencies and polarizations for retrieval of forest parameters was investigated

Research paper thumbnail of URSI Commission F Microwave Signatures 2013 - Specialist Symposium on Microwave Remote Sensing of the Earth, Oceans, and Atmosphere, 28-31 October 2013 in Espoo, Finland

Research paper thumbnail of The complex dielectric constant of snow at microwave frequencies

IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, 1984

Research paper thumbnail of Retrieving snow water equivalence on C- and L-band SAR data for dry snow

IGARSS '98. Sensing and Managing the Environment. 1998 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing. Symposium Proceedings. (Cat. No.98CH36174), 1998

Abstract The airborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data were acquired by EMISAR (Cand L-band) o... more Abstract The airborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data were acquired by EMISAR (Cand L-band) of Technical University of Denmark in Northern Finland during EMAC'95 (European Multisensor Airborne Campaign-95). The multifrequency polarimetric SAR data have been ...

Research paper thumbnail of The Helsinki University of Technology/Ylinen Electronics airborne L-band interferometric radiometer

IGARSS 2000. IEEE 2000 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. Taking the Pulse of the Planet: The Role of Remote Sensing in Managing the Environment. Proceedings (Cat. No.00CH37120), 2000

... Kimmo Rautiainen, Robert Butora, Tuomo Auer, Ilkka Mononen, Juha Salminen, Simo Tauriainen, M... more ... Kimmo Rautiainen, Robert Butora, Tuomo Auer, Ilkka Mononen, Juha Salminen, Simo Tauriainen, Martti Hallikainen, Josu Uusitalot, Petri Jukkalat Helsinki University of Technology, Laboratory of Space Technology PO Box 3000,02015 HUT, Finland Phone: +358-9-4514778 ...

Research paper thumbnail of Synthetic aperture radiometer measurements of freezing soil

2011 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2011

Research paper thumbnail of Use of MODIS data for monitoring turbidity in Finnish lakes

Geoscience and Remote Sensing IEEE International Symposium, 2001

The state of surface waters is affected by the quantity and quality of various suspended and diss... more The state of surface waters is affected by the quantity and quality of various suspended and dissolved substances. Loading from sources such as agriculture, fish farming, industry and municipalities can cause eutrophication and have other adverse effects on water quality. In Finland the quality of lake water is traditionally determined by collecting water samples and analyzing the samples in a

Research paper thumbnail of Maestro-1 Studies Using Data From JPLPolarimeter Sar And Hutscat Scatterometer

[Proceedings] IGARSS'91 Remote Sensing: Global Monitoring for Earth Management

ABSTRACT

Research paper thumbnail of Estimation of forest biomass and soil moisture in boreal forests employing ERS-1 SAR data

1995 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, IGARSS '95. Quantitative Remote Sensing for Science and Applications, 1995

The results obtained in the retrieval of forest stem volume (forest biomass) and soil moisture us... more The results obtained in the retrieval of forest stem volume (forest biomass) and soil moisture using multi-temporal ERS-1 SAR data are presented. A novel inversion method for interpreting the ERS-1 SAR data is employed. The method is tested in conditions of Finland. The inversion technique is based on the use of (1) multi-temporal ERS-1 SAR data, (2) reference sample plot

Research paper thumbnail of Seasonal effects on C- and X-band backscattering properties of Finnish boreal forests

Proceedings of IGARSS '94 - 1994 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium

ABSTRACT The seasonal changes of the backscattering properties of boreal forests are investigated... more ABSTRACT The seasonal changes of the backscattering properties of boreal forests are investigated by applying (1) a semi-empirical C- and X-band forest backscattering model and (2) multi-temporal ERS-1 SAR data from several test sites in Finland. The results are presented as a function of forest stem volume (which is closely related to forest biomass). The empirical modeling of forest canopy backscattering and extinction properties is based on the high-resolution ranging scatterometer (HUTSCAT) data. The response of ERS-1 SAR data to forest stem volume is investigated by employing the National Forest Inventory test sites that cover the ERS-1 test areas in a regular pattern. The model results and ERS-1 data show that the correlation of radar response to forest biomass may be positive, negative or about zero. This variation is primarily caused by the changes in soil and vegetation moisture, and by the seasonal snow-cover

Research paper thumbnail of Artificial neural network-based techniques for the retrieval of SWE and snow depth from SSM/I data

Remote Sensing of Environment, 2004

The retrieval of snow water equivalent (SWE) and snow depth is performed by inverting Special Sen... more The retrieval of snow water equivalent (SWE) and snow depth is performed by inverting Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) brightness temperatures at 19 and 37 GHz using artificial neural network ANN-based techniques. The SSM/I used data, which consist of Pathfinder Daily EASE-Grid brightness temperatures, were supplied by the National Snow and Ice Data Centre (NSIDC). They were gathered during the period of time included between the beginning of 1996 and the end of 1999 all over Finland. A ground snow data set based on observations of the Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE) and the Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI) was used to estimate the performances of the technique. The ANN results were confronted with those obtained using the spectral polarization difference (SPD) algorithm, the HUT model-based iterative inversion and the Chang algorithm, by comparing the RMSE, the R2, and the regression coefficients. In general, it was observed that the results obtained through ANN-based technique are better than, or comparable to, those obtained through other approaches, when trained with simulated data. Performances were very good when the ANN were trained with experimental data.

Research paper thumbnail of Recommended terminology for microwave radiometry

Research paper thumbnail of Supporting ESA SMOS Cal/Val 2010 activities with airborne HUT-2D interferometric radiometer

Research paper thumbnail of Experimental Verification of Fringe-washing Calibration Techniques in Large Aperture Synthesis Radiometers

This paper describes measurements done to verificate and to test the performance of two methods u... more This paper describes measurements done to verificate and to test the performance of two methods used to calibrate fringe-washing effects occurring with large aperture synthesis radiometers. The methods tested in the paper are the ones proposed for the fringe-washing calibration of the MIRAS instrument of European Space Agency's SMOS mission

Research paper thumbnail of Remote Sensing of Frozen Soil at UHF Frequencies

Changes in permafrost and seasonally frozen ground extent on the Earth’s surface are indicators o... more Changes in permafrost and seasonally frozen ground extent on the Earth’s surface are indicators of climate change. Aalto university is d eveloping methods for large scale monitoring of frozen soil in the frequency range be tween 300 and 1000 MHz.

Research paper thumbnail of Polarimetric properties of boreal forest in L- and C-band SAR images

Geoscience and Remote Sensing IEEE International Symposium, 2001

In this study the usability of L- and C-band SAR polarimetry in boreal forest remote sensing is e... more In this study the usability of L- and C-band SAR polarimetry in boreal forest remote sensing is examined and discussed. The influence of snow cover, weather conditions, forest type and several other aspects to forest backscattering in L- and C-bands is investigated by using multitemporal polarimetric images

Research paper thumbnail of Theoretical and experimental studies of dry snow effective permittivity in the 18 to 90 GHz range

Microwave and Millimeter …, 1998

Abstract: The effective permittivity properties of several dry snow types are examined in the 18 ... more Abstract: The effective permittivity properties of several dry snow types are examined in the 18 to 90 GHz range. The experimental data on the extinction coefficient of dry snow K e are employed to derive the effective permittivity. A comparison between the derived effective permittivity ...

Research paper thumbnail of Chlorophyll-a Estimation in Turbid Waters Using Combined SAR Data With Hyperspectral Reflectance Data: A Case Study in Lake Taihu, China

IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing

Research paper thumbnail of Detection of sea surface temperature (SST) using AVHRR data in the Gulf of Finland

IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2000

Presents the detection of sea surface temperature (SST) in the Gulf of Finland using AVHRR data. ... more Presents the detection of sea surface temperature (SST) in the Gulf of Finland using AVHRR data. AVHRR imagery is evaluated as a main data source for monitoring SST as a measure of upwelling dynamics. Sea surface effects (SSE), however, cause a temperature difference between the sea surface skin and water below the surface. Therefore, SSE are taken into account as one of the major error factors in the SST estimation.

Research paper thumbnail of MODELING OF DIELECTRIC BEHAVIOR OF WET SNOW IN THE 4-18 GHz RANGE

Research paper thumbnail of Comparison of ERS-2 SAR, HUTSCAT and CARABAS results for boreal forest

IGARSS '98. Sensing and Managing the Environment. 1998 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing. Symposium Proceedings. (Cat. No.98CH36174), 1998

A combined airborne and spaceborne radar remote sensing campaign on boreal forest was conducted i... more A combined airborne and spaceborne radar remote sensing campaign on boreal forest was conducted in Tuusula, near Helsinki, in June and September 1997 in the framework of the EU EUFORA project. Airborne radar data was collected by the HUTSCAT ranging scatterometer on 6 and 12 June, and by the CARABAS SAR on 30 September. Spaceborne radar data include ERS-2 SAR images acquired on 1, 12, and 17 June. Ground truth data includes detailed information on weather, canopy, and soil parameters. The feasibility of various radar frequencies and polarizations for retrieval of forest parameters was investigated

Research paper thumbnail of URSI Commission F Microwave Signatures 2013 - Specialist Symposium on Microwave Remote Sensing of the Earth, Oceans, and Atmosphere, 28-31 October 2013 in Espoo, Finland

Research paper thumbnail of The complex dielectric constant of snow at microwave frequencies

IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, 1984

Research paper thumbnail of Retrieving snow water equivalence on C- and L-band SAR data for dry snow

IGARSS '98. Sensing and Managing the Environment. 1998 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing. Symposium Proceedings. (Cat. No.98CH36174), 1998

Abstract The airborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data were acquired by EMISAR (Cand L-band) o... more Abstract The airborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data were acquired by EMISAR (Cand L-band) of Technical University of Denmark in Northern Finland during EMAC'95 (European Multisensor Airborne Campaign-95). The multifrequency polarimetric SAR data have been ...

Research paper thumbnail of The Helsinki University of Technology/Ylinen Electronics airborne L-band interferometric radiometer

IGARSS 2000. IEEE 2000 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. Taking the Pulse of the Planet: The Role of Remote Sensing in Managing the Environment. Proceedings (Cat. No.00CH37120), 2000

... Kimmo Rautiainen, Robert Butora, Tuomo Auer, Ilkka Mononen, Juha Salminen, Simo Tauriainen, M... more ... Kimmo Rautiainen, Robert Butora, Tuomo Auer, Ilkka Mononen, Juha Salminen, Simo Tauriainen, Martti Hallikainen, Josu Uusitalot, Petri Jukkalat Helsinki University of Technology, Laboratory of Space Technology PO Box 3000,02015 HUT, Finland Phone: +358-9-4514778 ...

Research paper thumbnail of Synthetic aperture radiometer measurements of freezing soil

2011 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2011

Research paper thumbnail of Use of MODIS data for monitoring turbidity in Finnish lakes

Geoscience and Remote Sensing IEEE International Symposium, 2001

The state of surface waters is affected by the quantity and quality of various suspended and diss... more The state of surface waters is affected by the quantity and quality of various suspended and dissolved substances. Loading from sources such as agriculture, fish farming, industry and municipalities can cause eutrophication and have other adverse effects on water quality. In Finland the quality of lake water is traditionally determined by collecting water samples and analyzing the samples in a

Research paper thumbnail of Maestro-1 Studies Using Data From JPLPolarimeter Sar And Hutscat Scatterometer

[Proceedings] IGARSS'91 Remote Sensing: Global Monitoring for Earth Management

ABSTRACT

Research paper thumbnail of Estimation of forest biomass and soil moisture in boreal forests employing ERS-1 SAR data

1995 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, IGARSS '95. Quantitative Remote Sensing for Science and Applications, 1995

The results obtained in the retrieval of forest stem volume (forest biomass) and soil moisture us... more The results obtained in the retrieval of forest stem volume (forest biomass) and soil moisture using multi-temporal ERS-1 SAR data are presented. A novel inversion method for interpreting the ERS-1 SAR data is employed. The method is tested in conditions of Finland. The inversion technique is based on the use of (1) multi-temporal ERS-1 SAR data, (2) reference sample plot

Research paper thumbnail of Seasonal effects on C- and X-band backscattering properties of Finnish boreal forests

Proceedings of IGARSS '94 - 1994 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium

ABSTRACT The seasonal changes of the backscattering properties of boreal forests are investigated... more ABSTRACT The seasonal changes of the backscattering properties of boreal forests are investigated by applying (1) a semi-empirical C- and X-band forest backscattering model and (2) multi-temporal ERS-1 SAR data from several test sites in Finland. The results are presented as a function of forest stem volume (which is closely related to forest biomass). The empirical modeling of forest canopy backscattering and extinction properties is based on the high-resolution ranging scatterometer (HUTSCAT) data. The response of ERS-1 SAR data to forest stem volume is investigated by employing the National Forest Inventory test sites that cover the ERS-1 test areas in a regular pattern. The model results and ERS-1 data show that the correlation of radar response to forest biomass may be positive, negative or about zero. This variation is primarily caused by the changes in soil and vegetation moisture, and by the seasonal snow-cover

Research paper thumbnail of Artificial neural network-based techniques for the retrieval of SWE and snow depth from SSM/I data

Remote Sensing of Environment, 2004

The retrieval of snow water equivalent (SWE) and snow depth is performed by inverting Special Sen... more The retrieval of snow water equivalent (SWE) and snow depth is performed by inverting Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) brightness temperatures at 19 and 37 GHz using artificial neural network ANN-based techniques. The SSM/I used data, which consist of Pathfinder Daily EASE-Grid brightness temperatures, were supplied by the National Snow and Ice Data Centre (NSIDC). They were gathered during the period of time included between the beginning of 1996 and the end of 1999 all over Finland. A ground snow data set based on observations of the Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE) and the Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI) was used to estimate the performances of the technique. The ANN results were confronted with those obtained using the spectral polarization difference (SPD) algorithm, the HUT model-based iterative inversion and the Chang algorithm, by comparing the RMSE, the R2, and the regression coefficients. In general, it was observed that the results obtained through ANN-based technique are better than, or comparable to, those obtained through other approaches, when trained with simulated data. Performances were very good when the ANN were trained with experimental data.

Research paper thumbnail of Recommended terminology for microwave radiometry

Research paper thumbnail of Supporting ESA SMOS Cal/Val 2010 activities with airborne HUT-2D interferometric radiometer

Research paper thumbnail of Experimental Verification of Fringe-washing Calibration Techniques in Large Aperture Synthesis Radiometers

This paper describes measurements done to verificate and to test the performance of two methods u... more This paper describes measurements done to verificate and to test the performance of two methods used to calibrate fringe-washing effects occurring with large aperture synthesis radiometers. The methods tested in the paper are the ones proposed for the fringe-washing calibration of the MIRAS instrument of European Space Agency's SMOS mission

Research paper thumbnail of Remote Sensing of Frozen Soil at UHF Frequencies

Changes in permafrost and seasonally frozen ground extent on the Earth’s surface are indicators o... more Changes in permafrost and seasonally frozen ground extent on the Earth’s surface are indicators of climate change. Aalto university is d eveloping methods for large scale monitoring of frozen soil in the frequency range be tween 300 and 1000 MHz.

Research paper thumbnail of Polarimetric properties of boreal forest in L- and C-band SAR images

Geoscience and Remote Sensing IEEE International Symposium, 2001

In this study the usability of L- and C-band SAR polarimetry in boreal forest remote sensing is e... more In this study the usability of L- and C-band SAR polarimetry in boreal forest remote sensing is examined and discussed. The influence of snow cover, weather conditions, forest type and several other aspects to forest backscattering in L- and C-bands is investigated by using multitemporal polarimetric images

Research paper thumbnail of Theoretical and experimental studies of dry snow effective permittivity in the 18 to 90 GHz range

Microwave and Millimeter …, 1998

Abstract: The effective permittivity properties of several dry snow types are examined in the 18 ... more Abstract: The effective permittivity properties of several dry snow types are examined in the 18 to 90 GHz range. The experimental data on the extinction coefficient of dry snow K e are employed to derive the effective permittivity. A comparison between the derived effective permittivity ...

Research paper thumbnail of Chlorophyll-a Estimation in Turbid Waters Using Combined SAR Data With Hyperspectral Reflectance Data: A Case Study in Lake Taihu, China

IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing

Research paper thumbnail of Detection of sea surface temperature (SST) using AVHRR data in the Gulf of Finland

IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2000

Presents the detection of sea surface temperature (SST) in the Gulf of Finland using AVHRR data. ... more Presents the detection of sea surface temperature (SST) in the Gulf of Finland using AVHRR data. AVHRR imagery is evaluated as a main data source for monitoring SST as a measure of upwelling dynamics. Sea surface effects (SSE), however, cause a temperature difference between the sea surface skin and water below the surface. Therefore, SSE are taken into account as one of the major error factors in the SST estimation.