Ibrahim U Ibrahim | Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria (original) (raw)

Papers by Ibrahim U Ibrahim

Proton exchange membrane fuels cell (PEMFC) is fuel cell that useshydrogen and oxygen as its fuel... more Proton exchange membrane fuels cell (PEMFC) is fuel cell that useshydrogen and oxygen as its fuel and the most interesting thing about this cell is that it only produces liquid water as its main by-product. This makes PEMFCsas one of the promising and interesting sources of power for the future because they are fully in compliance with the environmental policies and goal of this generation. However, commercialization and full harnessing of this novel cell has yet to commence despite showing some strong prospectsand potentials. This may be largely due to the technical issues surrounding the operation of PEMFC. The two main issues that pose serious concern are water and thermal managements. Concerning the water management, two important critical issues that are inter-related involve cell dehydration and water flooding, both of which have adverse effects on the performances of these cells.Subsequently, these concerns draw the attention of the research community, where a large number of...

The need for simulation cannot be overemphasized. Project feasibility births the need for simulat... more The need for simulation cannot be overemphasized. Project feasibility births the need for simulation. The simulation, therefore, creates a research path to save cost, provide initial design data for a project, and ensuring the success of the project. One good tool for running a simulation with TRNSYS which is observed wanting in research works is developed proformas in FORTRAN/C ++. This work, therefore, aims at creating or developing a programming proforma used in the simulation of the solar dryer with TRNSYS 16.1. This simulation tool was used to mimic real-time scenario of solar insolation on solar harvesters as well as other functions besides solar power drives was used to simulate the performance of a solar dryer with the proformas created with FORTRAN/C ++ programming language. To achieve this, adopted and derived mathematical equations critical to the proformas functionality using the FORTRAN/C ++ programming language were used. The system's performance in terms of the moisture content, drying rate, collector efficiency, and drying efficiency modeled using FORTRAN and simulated in TRNYSIS 16.1 showed that 5.49%, 2.86×10-5 kg/s, 44.24%, and 29.38% were respectively obtained for the moisture content, drying rate, collector efficiency, and drying efficiency. When compared to the experimental values results shows there is a small difference between these performance parameters values and the Experimental values.

Emissions from use of fossil fuels have consistently posed significant threat to the environment ... more Emissions from use of fossil fuels have consistently posed significant threat to the environment and wellbeing of man. This has prompted several studies aimed at finding solution to the emissions and their effects. The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of adding pentanol and biodiesel from Moringa Oleifera seed to pure diesel content of 70% by volume. pentanol and biodiesel make up the remaining 30 percent by volume and were also varied, with pentanol percentage being increased from 2 percent to 8 percent so as to carefully monitored the effects of adding pentanol while the Moringa oleifera biodiesel made up the balance for the 30%. These blends were labelled according to the percentage composition of biodiesel and pentanol (B28P2, B26P4, B24P6, B24P6, and B22P8). The physicochemical properties of all blends such as viscosity, density, pour point, acid value and iodine value determined. From the result of the engine performance and emission tests, B24P6 blend has been noted to have the best engine performance parameters, haven shown the best engine brake power of 19.787 kW, and with the highest engine brake thermal efficiency of 19.78%.While in term of engine emission, B22P8 blend, have the lowest Nitrogen oxide (NOx) emission, with a value of 82.4994 ppm which is about 3% lower than that of pure diesel, while B26P4 have the lowest carbon monoxide (CO) emission among all the samples tested with value of 6.1556 ppm which is about 58% lower than that of Petro diesel. However, blends appeared to have good brake mean effective pressure except for B22P8 which have the lowest BMEP, that's about 2.8% lower than that of Petro diesels. Conclusively, the addition of Moringa oleifera biodiesel with pentanol improved the diesel quality, yielding good improvement in engine performance and emission.

Aim: This article reviews the effects and consequences of improper drugs use among youth. We trie... more Aim: This article reviews the effects and consequences of improper drugs use among youth. We tried to broaden our understanding on its effects, causes, and also to learn new preventive measures and principles that can be used to cure or mitigate the effects of such habits on people, and also to have comprehensive literature on the problem. Methodology: This paper focuses on the mains causes of the problems, i.e. drugs abused or substance abuse, among youth, its symptoms and sign, and consequences especially on health. And also preventives measures or principles that are prominent authors cited in their articles or reports which are believed to be effective.

international journal of innovative research in science , Engineering and Technology, 2016

In this study the solar energy potential available in sokoto state Nigeria is Estimated using Tem... more In this study the solar energy potential available in sokoto state Nigeria is Estimated using Temperature base model of Armstrong empirical equations for a period of three years (2013 , 2014, 2015) , The aim of the study is to; investigate solar energy potential available in the state and to test the validity of temperature base model of the Armstrong empirical equations, compare the estimated data of the state solar radiations with measured data by the meteorological stations, calculations were made and the results of the estimated and measured data where compared and analysed , the result shows a variations of solar radiations with respect to weather conditions for both the measured data from the metrological stations and the estimated using temperature model of Armstrong empirical equation.

Solar flat plate collectors are one of the very important solar system components as they serve t... more Solar flat plate collectors are one of the very important solar system components as they serve the purpose of heating up the ambient air/water for domestic and industrial uses like drying, cooking, thermal power generation, etc. It is therefore of significance that such flat plate collectors be appropriately designed for optimum performance and reliability at the point of usage. A solar flat plate collector needs to maximize its solar energy collection ability and have a good heat removal factor ability; which are achievable by properly configuring and sizing of its components. This research work presents the coding system for the parametric optimization study to determine the absorber plate thickness, back insulation thickness and tilt angle of a flat plate collector by using a written computer program in MATLAB R2013b base on appropriate equations and computed system parameters used for the research. From the study carried out, it was found that the heat removal factor does not respond significantly to changes in the absorber plate thickness. In order to maximize the heat removal factor, the absorber plate thickness of 1.5×10-5 m with a heat removal factor of 0.7454 was determined. The back-insulation thickness for the solar flat plate collector was found to be 0.0235 m using sawdust with thermal conductivity of 0.06 W/mK as the insulating material. The study also revealed that the amount of solar energy collected on a flat plate collector surface can be affected by the choice of the orientation of the flat plate collector. For maximum solar collection in the considered geographical location of Zaria, the tilt angle for the solar flat plate collector was found to be 20 0 , tilted from the horizontal facing the south with 2.22×10 7 J/m 2 day-1 solar insolation collected on the flat plate collector.

Many crops are seasonal in nature around the world; for this reason, there is a sustained need in... more Many crops are seasonal in nature around the world; for this reason, there is a sustained need in finding better ways of processing and preserving them-to avail them in times of their lack and to ensure for their market sustainability. In this work, a natural indirect solar-biomass dryer with automated single axis solar tracking system was constructed and evaluated at the Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria using the meteorological conditions of Zaria, Nigeria. Apart from designing a system that can be used at both fair and adverse weather conditions, to help maximize the solar energy collected on the flat plate collector (FPC) without discomforting the user who may also want to attend to other needs, an automated single axis solar tracking system was incorporated to the flat plate collector (FPC) to help track the sun. The performance of the solar dryer in terms of the moisture content, drying rate, collector efficiency and drying efficiency was evaluated when the FPC was made to track the sun automatically; 36.67%, 1.73×10-4 (kg/s), 68.68% and 23.12% were respectively recorded for the moisture content, drying rate, collector and drying efficiencies for this test. By automatically tracking the sun with the FPC, the solar dryer's performance was also improved upon over the fixed FPC system. The experimental test on the solar-biomass system to evaluate the extent the individual dryer systems can remove moisture from the tomato product, the biomass drying system was found to be of highest performance, followed by the solar-biomass and lastly the solar system. For the hours of drying, a moisture 0.60 kg, 0.73 kg and 0.93 kg was respectively extracted by the solar, solar-biomass and biomass drying systems from the product.

Proton exchange membrane fuels cell (PEMFC) is fuel cell that uses hydrogen and oxygen as its fue... more Proton exchange membrane fuels cell (PEMFC) is fuel cell that uses hydrogen and oxygen as its fuel and the most interesting thing about this cell is that it only produces liquid water as its main by-product. This makes PEMFCs as one of the promising and interesting sources of power for the future because they are fully in compliance with the environmental policies and goal of this generation. However, commercialization and full harnessing of this novel cell has yet to commence despite showing some strong prospects and potentials. This may be largely due to the technical issues surrounding the operation of PEMFC. The two main issues that pose serious concern are water and thermal managements. Concerning the water management, two important critical issues that are interrelated involve cell dehydration and water flooding, both of which have adverse effects on the performances of these cells. Subsequently, these concerns draw the attention of the research community, where a large number of research has been carried out employing different methods and approaches to solve this problem. In this review, some of the recent advances in the research on water flooding and removal problems in PEMFC are reviewed and their research findings reported, especially with regard to the factors that affect the water flooding and removal, influence and effects of some of the scientific approaches to solving these problems. These factors include those emanating from the gas flow channel design, use of acoustic vibration and gas diffusion layer modification, all of which are reported in this study.

The present study is concerned with the production of biodiesel produced from used cooking ground... more The present study is concerned with the production of biodiesel produced from used cooking groundnut oils using alkali trans-esterification reaction. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses were carried out on the biodiesel produced and the presence of methyl esters and their various functional groups were detected. The Physico-chemical properties of the biodiesels produced were also carried out and most of the properties conformed to ASTM standards. The biodiesel samples were tested in a 165F-Horizontal Single Cylinder Direct Injection Diesel Engine at Bayero University Kano (BUK), Kano State, Nigeria, investigating parameters such as: Brake power, Specific fuel consumption and Brake mean effective pressure. The exhaust gas was analysed in an NHA-506EN automotive gas analyzer, from Nigerian Institute of Transport Technology, Zaria, Kaduna State, where parameters such as hydrocarbon (HC), nitrogen oxide (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon (IV) oxide (CO2) were all analyzed. The results showed that the oil from frying yam yielded 87.5% while that from frying fish yielded 94% and the biodiesels produced conformed to most of the Physico-chemical properties according to the ASTM standards. Also, the engine results demonstrated that there was improved brake power and mean effective pressure but the specific fuel consumptions were higher than that of the control sample. Lastly, the exhaust gas emissions results showed that there were significant reductions in carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxide (NOx), carbon IV oxide (CO2) and hydrocarbon emissions showing us that biodiesel is more eco-friendly.

international journal of innovative research in science , Engineering and Technology, 2016