Manussos Marangudakis | University of the Aegean (original) (raw)

Papers by Manussos Marangudakis

ProtoSociology, 2021

The essay is a quantitative analysis of a questionnaire distributed to a sample of 775 worshipers... more The essay is a quantitative analysis of a questionnaire distributed to a sample of 775 worshipers immediately after the Sunday Liturgy in a random number of churches in Athens, Thessaloniki and Mytilini. The questions addressed to them try to grasp feelings and thoughts felt during liturgical experience and effervescence as such, as well as reflections concerning the religious and the political self. The findings suggest that the liturgy has profound effects on those who attend service often, but it is not irrelevant even to those who attend service less often. Those who attend service often and feel strongly the liturgical rite tend to identify religion, both doctrinal and vernacular (the ‘little traditions’), with politics, consider themselves to be rightist and hold political beliefs revolving around antinomian egotism and authoritative paternalism. Those who attend service rarely and do not experience any effervescence, as the mirror-image of the former, tend to identify themsel...

The Stone Age constitutes a substantially and symbolically decisive era of human development. Sub... more The Stone Age constitutes a substantially and symbolically decisive era of human development. Substantially, since it informs us of the ways our archaic ancestors perceived and treated the natural environment. Symbolically, since primordialism is considered by many to be the stage of human purity and uncorrupted expression of human psyche. An investigation of the Upper Palaeolithic period leads us to question the “ecocentric” thesis, that is, the alleged stage of harmony between primitive homo sapiens sapiens and nature. Instead, by distinguishing between natureas-resources and nature-as-symbolism, and by stressing the open-ended nature of human bio-psychology, we arrive at the tentative conclusions that palaeolithic egalitarianism facilitated a “prosopocentric” (person-centred) Cosmic Order characterized by the conflation of subject and object. It was not ecologically sensitive and thus it did not prevent economic exploitation and environmental damage. During the Neo-lithic period ...

The Political Culture of Young Adults in Greece, 2021

The research examines the impact of the moral self-of what Charles Taylor calls 'constitutive goo... more The research examines the impact of the moral self-of what Charles Taylor calls 'constitutive goods'on the political orientation and the political behavior of young adults in Greece with the use of advanced multivariate analysis methods: MCA, HCA, and conjoint analysis. The primary objective is to investigate how these constitutive goods and collective representations of democracy affect ideological identity and political mobilization. The main output of the research is a 'semantic map' representing the clustering of political behavior of young adults arranged around two dimensions or axis, i.e., the degree of interest (high-low), and the degree of polarization (right-left). The study aims to offer valuable contribution to the study of the impact of non-utilitarian factors, such as the pre-political perception of the self and of the public sphere, as well as gender roles, to voting behavior. The above contribution uses of innovative multivariable methodology which can serve as a tool of political behavior and political competition analysis in various environments.

In this chapter, ‘culture’ is defined, its place in the social division of labor specified, and a... more In this chapter, ‘culture’ is defined, its place in the social division of labor specified, and also distinguished from the pursuit of power and the instrumental use of value-statements. Based upon the principles and the problematique of Shmuel Eisenstadt’s theory of multiple modernities, and using Charles Taylor’s ‘constitutive goods’, Max Weber’s ‘substantive rationality’, Emile Durkheim’s ‘collective effervescence’, and Jeffrey Alexander’s and Phillip Smith’s ‘cultural pragmatics’ to specify particular aspects of the theory, an Analytic Model for cultural research is constructed and explicated. The heart of the model is ‘cultural pragmatics’, that is the performance of symbolic codes in public dramas, which are incorporated in the self as ‘internalized code orientations’ and permeates the social networks of social power as ‘institutional ground rules’ and ‘ethical orders’. The whole study explicates this mechanism.

Varieties of Multiple Modernities, 2016

level of CSF, accompanying symptoms, clinical management and prognosis. Results All patients were... more level of CSF, accompanying symptoms, clinical management and prognosis. Results All patients were HIV negative. The total incidence of JHR in CNS was 7.14% (41/574, 95% CI: 5.23-9.65%), being the most frequent among patients with general paresis. The mean timing of JHR after the initial dose of benzylpenicillin was to start at 6 hours (range: 0.5-13), peak at 8 hours (range: 0.5-20), and subside by 17 hours (range: 10-30). Besides fever and chills, the main symptoms were hallucination, paranoia, aggressive behavior, mental depression, cognitive impairment, confusion, urinary incontinence, stupor, convulsion and seizures in descending order. The JHR was significantly related to higher CSF-VDRL titer, pleocytosis, no usage of antibiotics in the last 6 months (p<0.05). The therapy was stopped with a resolution of seizures in two patients. However, benzylpenicillin was reinstituted uneventfully 3 days later. Conclusion Higher CSF-VDRL titer, pleocytosis and no recent usage of antibiotics were associated with an increased risk for JHR in CNS. Therapy of neurosyphilis can be continued with intensive surveillance. Disclosure No significant relationships.

The Greek Crisis and Its Cultural Origins, 2019

We have defined internalized code orientations as an internalized codification of moral imperativ... more We have defined internalized code orientations as an internalized codification of moral imperatives, in line with Weber’s ‘value postulates’ (Chap. 1), as they provide a unique standard against which reality’s flow of empirical events may be selected, measured, and judged. Code-orientations suggest that various social settings and circumstances are judged by, hypothetically speaking, one moral canon. Simply put, code-orientations function as an algorithm to provide an instant moral evaluation of a situation yet without determining the action of the social actor. The findings confirm the discursive-historical analysis of the prominent political code orientations identified in Part I of the book.

The Greek Crisis and Its Cultural Origins, 2019

This concluding chapter summarizes the arguments and findings of the study and identifies civil r... more This concluding chapter summarizes the arguments and findings of the study and identifies civil religion as the crucial battleground to instigate the transformation of Greek polity to a liberal one, and the transformation of a schismogenetic and fragmented society to a civil society.

This chapter analyzes the secular and the religious components of the Greek civil religion, as we... more This chapter analyzes the secular and the religious components of the Greek civil religion, as well as the basic features of the sponsored, by State and Church, civic religions of Greece up to 1974, the year the junta regime gave way to the Third Greek Republic, and new definitions of the nation and the political community. In all, it argues that the complex populism-collectivism, which characterizes Greek politics today, emerged during the junta regime (1967–1974), in the form of an authoritarian civic religion which glorified the authenticity of rural life, and the virtues of the ‘common folk’.

The Greek Crisis and Its Cultural Origins, 2019

In this part of the analysis, the collectivist and the individualist social behaviors of the samp... more In this part of the analysis, the collectivist and the individualist social behaviors of the sample are examined to determine the allocentric and the idiocentric sources of the Greek moral self. The analysis reveals a strong presence of allocentrism though idiocentrism is not absent or insignificant. While the corresponding collectivist self is firmly anchored on hegemonic religious or secular collective representations, the individualist self is not, a fact which is detrimental to the political identity of the latter in the public sphere.

The Greek Crisis and Its Cultural Origins, 2019

The chapter summarizes the quantitative methods and delineates the process developed to analyze i... more The chapter summarizes the quantitative methods and delineates the process developed to analyze in the following chapters of Part II and Part III of the book (a) the constitutive goods, (b) the internalized code orientations, (c) the patterned orders of ethics, (d) the ethics of social interaction, and (e) the construction of the ‘democratic self’, as well as to depict visually the ‘semantic map’ of the Greek civil society. The method that was used throughout the analysis is the ‘Geometric Data Analysis’ (Analyse des donnees). It refers to a group of techniques that aim to visualize, classify, and interpret the data. This includes methods such as Correspondence Analysis (simple and multiple), Principal Component Analysis, Canonical Correlation Analysis, Multidimensional Scaling, and Multiple Factor Analysis. The primary goal of Geometric Data Analysis methods is to transform a table of numerical information into a graphical display so as to reveal the underlying latent structure in ...

The Greek Crisis and Its Cultural Origins, 2019

This chapter examines the historical forces that have turned clientelism into a definite feature ... more This chapter examines the historical forces that have turned clientelism into a definite feature of Greek social networks of power. It explores the ways pre-modern social structures were ‘modernized’ in the framework of an imported, pre-fabricated model of a centralized state, and how clientelism became an organic part of the Greek polity. In this context, a comparison of Greece with Ireland and the US clientelistic patterns clarifies the difference between ‘limited clientelism’ and ‘generalized clientelism’ and links the latter with out-worldly religious patterns which downplay individual initiative and consider social order to be fixed and eternal. Accordingly, the cultural pragmatics, the internalized code orientations, and the institutional ground rules of Greek generalized clientelism are identified and modeled.

This chapter analyzes the elements that comprise the identity of ‘democratic relations’ as percei... more This chapter analyzes the elements that comprise the identity of ‘democratic relations’ as perceived by an individual, as constitutive parts of a comprehensive moral discourse. In other words, it examines the moral components of a ‘democratic relation’ as well as an ‘anti-democratic relation’.

In the two previous parts of our data analysis, we examined the patterned orders of the constitut... more In the two previous parts of our data analysis, we examined the patterned orders of the constitutive goods and code orientations as self-referential phenomenological structures. But these structures, notwithstanding their importance as ordering principles of moral standards, do not necessitate specific patterns of ethical action. To identify not the moral self, but the ethical actor, we shifted from analysis of structural patterns to analysis of individuals by conjoining code orientations and constitutive goods identified in the last two chapters. The findings strongly support the patterned order of ethics identified in Part I of the book, providing at the same time valuable details concerning the specific discursive ingredients these six orders consist of which a discursive analysis could not identify.

This chapter reviews key ethnographic, anthropological, social psychological, sociological and li... more This chapter reviews key ethnographic, anthropological, social psychological, sociological and literary studies of the Greek culture to establish a point of reference vis-a-vis our own analysis. In this context, the chapter focuses on: (a) the ‘modernization’ of traditional, pre-modern, symbolic patterns in the framework of nationalism and urbanization; (b) the identification of ‘amoral familism’ as the key moral configuration of the traditional Greek self and its transformation into modern ‘anarchic individualism;’ (c) the role of the literary ‘mythical collectivism’ in shaping the contours of the modern Greek imagined community and its interweaving with anarchic individualism; (d) the emergence of the ‘authentic self’ and its ‘rigorous defense of the inner world’ as the basic performativity of the modern Greek; and (e) the struggle of the Greek individual to distinguish itself ‘agonistically’ in a collectivist milieu. The analysis leads to the modeling of these discourses and thus...

ProtoSociology, 2021

The essay is a quantitative analysis of a questionnaire distributed to a sample of 775 worshipers... more The essay is a quantitative analysis of a questionnaire distributed to a sample of 775 worshipers immediately after the Sunday Liturgy in a random number of churches in Athens, Thessaloniki and Mytilini. The questions addressed to them try to grasp feelings and thoughts felt during liturgical experience and effervescence as such, as well as reflections concerning the religious and the political self. The findings suggest that the liturgy has profound effects on those who attend service often, but it is not irrelevant even to those who attend service less often. Those who attend service often and feel strongly the liturgical rite tend to identify religion, both doctrinal and vernacular (the ‘little traditions’), with politics, consider themselves to be rightist and hold political beliefs revolving around antinomian egotism and authoritative paternalism. Those who attend service rarely and do not experience any effervescence, as the mirror-image of the former, tend to identify themsel...

The Stone Age constitutes a substantially and symbolically decisive era of human development. Sub... more The Stone Age constitutes a substantially and symbolically decisive era of human development. Substantially, since it informs us of the ways our archaic ancestors perceived and treated the natural environment. Symbolically, since primordialism is considered by many to be the stage of human purity and uncorrupted expression of human psyche. An investigation of the Upper Palaeolithic period leads us to question the “ecocentric” thesis, that is, the alleged stage of harmony between primitive homo sapiens sapiens and nature. Instead, by distinguishing between natureas-resources and nature-as-symbolism, and by stressing the open-ended nature of human bio-psychology, we arrive at the tentative conclusions that palaeolithic egalitarianism facilitated a “prosopocentric” (person-centred) Cosmic Order characterized by the conflation of subject and object. It was not ecologically sensitive and thus it did not prevent economic exploitation and environmental damage. During the Neo-lithic period ...

The Political Culture of Young Adults in Greece, 2021

The research examines the impact of the moral self-of what Charles Taylor calls 'constitutive goo... more The research examines the impact of the moral self-of what Charles Taylor calls 'constitutive goods'on the political orientation and the political behavior of young adults in Greece with the use of advanced multivariate analysis methods: MCA, HCA, and conjoint analysis. The primary objective is to investigate how these constitutive goods and collective representations of democracy affect ideological identity and political mobilization. The main output of the research is a 'semantic map' representing the clustering of political behavior of young adults arranged around two dimensions or axis, i.e., the degree of interest (high-low), and the degree of polarization (right-left). The study aims to offer valuable contribution to the study of the impact of non-utilitarian factors, such as the pre-political perception of the self and of the public sphere, as well as gender roles, to voting behavior. The above contribution uses of innovative multivariable methodology which can serve as a tool of political behavior and political competition analysis in various environments.

In this chapter, ‘culture’ is defined, its place in the social division of labor specified, and a... more In this chapter, ‘culture’ is defined, its place in the social division of labor specified, and also distinguished from the pursuit of power and the instrumental use of value-statements. Based upon the principles and the problematique of Shmuel Eisenstadt’s theory of multiple modernities, and using Charles Taylor’s ‘constitutive goods’, Max Weber’s ‘substantive rationality’, Emile Durkheim’s ‘collective effervescence’, and Jeffrey Alexander’s and Phillip Smith’s ‘cultural pragmatics’ to specify particular aspects of the theory, an Analytic Model for cultural research is constructed and explicated. The heart of the model is ‘cultural pragmatics’, that is the performance of symbolic codes in public dramas, which are incorporated in the self as ‘internalized code orientations’ and permeates the social networks of social power as ‘institutional ground rules’ and ‘ethical orders’. The whole study explicates this mechanism.

Varieties of Multiple Modernities, 2016

level of CSF, accompanying symptoms, clinical management and prognosis. Results All patients were... more level of CSF, accompanying symptoms, clinical management and prognosis. Results All patients were HIV negative. The total incidence of JHR in CNS was 7.14% (41/574, 95% CI: 5.23-9.65%), being the most frequent among patients with general paresis. The mean timing of JHR after the initial dose of benzylpenicillin was to start at 6 hours (range: 0.5-13), peak at 8 hours (range: 0.5-20), and subside by 17 hours (range: 10-30). Besides fever and chills, the main symptoms were hallucination, paranoia, aggressive behavior, mental depression, cognitive impairment, confusion, urinary incontinence, stupor, convulsion and seizures in descending order. The JHR was significantly related to higher CSF-VDRL titer, pleocytosis, no usage of antibiotics in the last 6 months (p<0.05). The therapy was stopped with a resolution of seizures in two patients. However, benzylpenicillin was reinstituted uneventfully 3 days later. Conclusion Higher CSF-VDRL titer, pleocytosis and no recent usage of antibiotics were associated with an increased risk for JHR in CNS. Therapy of neurosyphilis can be continued with intensive surveillance. Disclosure No significant relationships.

The Greek Crisis and Its Cultural Origins, 2019

We have defined internalized code orientations as an internalized codification of moral imperativ... more We have defined internalized code orientations as an internalized codification of moral imperatives, in line with Weber’s ‘value postulates’ (Chap. 1), as they provide a unique standard against which reality’s flow of empirical events may be selected, measured, and judged. Code-orientations suggest that various social settings and circumstances are judged by, hypothetically speaking, one moral canon. Simply put, code-orientations function as an algorithm to provide an instant moral evaluation of a situation yet without determining the action of the social actor. The findings confirm the discursive-historical analysis of the prominent political code orientations identified in Part I of the book.

The Greek Crisis and Its Cultural Origins, 2019

This concluding chapter summarizes the arguments and findings of the study and identifies civil r... more This concluding chapter summarizes the arguments and findings of the study and identifies civil religion as the crucial battleground to instigate the transformation of Greek polity to a liberal one, and the transformation of a schismogenetic and fragmented society to a civil society.

This chapter analyzes the secular and the religious components of the Greek civil religion, as we... more This chapter analyzes the secular and the religious components of the Greek civil religion, as well as the basic features of the sponsored, by State and Church, civic religions of Greece up to 1974, the year the junta regime gave way to the Third Greek Republic, and new definitions of the nation and the political community. In all, it argues that the complex populism-collectivism, which characterizes Greek politics today, emerged during the junta regime (1967–1974), in the form of an authoritarian civic religion which glorified the authenticity of rural life, and the virtues of the ‘common folk’.

The Greek Crisis and Its Cultural Origins, 2019

In this part of the analysis, the collectivist and the individualist social behaviors of the samp... more In this part of the analysis, the collectivist and the individualist social behaviors of the sample are examined to determine the allocentric and the idiocentric sources of the Greek moral self. The analysis reveals a strong presence of allocentrism though idiocentrism is not absent or insignificant. While the corresponding collectivist self is firmly anchored on hegemonic religious or secular collective representations, the individualist self is not, a fact which is detrimental to the political identity of the latter in the public sphere.

The Greek Crisis and Its Cultural Origins, 2019

The chapter summarizes the quantitative methods and delineates the process developed to analyze i... more The chapter summarizes the quantitative methods and delineates the process developed to analyze in the following chapters of Part II and Part III of the book (a) the constitutive goods, (b) the internalized code orientations, (c) the patterned orders of ethics, (d) the ethics of social interaction, and (e) the construction of the ‘democratic self’, as well as to depict visually the ‘semantic map’ of the Greek civil society. The method that was used throughout the analysis is the ‘Geometric Data Analysis’ (Analyse des donnees). It refers to a group of techniques that aim to visualize, classify, and interpret the data. This includes methods such as Correspondence Analysis (simple and multiple), Principal Component Analysis, Canonical Correlation Analysis, Multidimensional Scaling, and Multiple Factor Analysis. The primary goal of Geometric Data Analysis methods is to transform a table of numerical information into a graphical display so as to reveal the underlying latent structure in ...

The Greek Crisis and Its Cultural Origins, 2019

This chapter examines the historical forces that have turned clientelism into a definite feature ... more This chapter examines the historical forces that have turned clientelism into a definite feature of Greek social networks of power. It explores the ways pre-modern social structures were ‘modernized’ in the framework of an imported, pre-fabricated model of a centralized state, and how clientelism became an organic part of the Greek polity. In this context, a comparison of Greece with Ireland and the US clientelistic patterns clarifies the difference between ‘limited clientelism’ and ‘generalized clientelism’ and links the latter with out-worldly religious patterns which downplay individual initiative and consider social order to be fixed and eternal. Accordingly, the cultural pragmatics, the internalized code orientations, and the institutional ground rules of Greek generalized clientelism are identified and modeled.

This chapter analyzes the elements that comprise the identity of ‘democratic relations’ as percei... more This chapter analyzes the elements that comprise the identity of ‘democratic relations’ as perceived by an individual, as constitutive parts of a comprehensive moral discourse. In other words, it examines the moral components of a ‘democratic relation’ as well as an ‘anti-democratic relation’.

In the two previous parts of our data analysis, we examined the patterned orders of the constitut... more In the two previous parts of our data analysis, we examined the patterned orders of the constitutive goods and code orientations as self-referential phenomenological structures. But these structures, notwithstanding their importance as ordering principles of moral standards, do not necessitate specific patterns of ethical action. To identify not the moral self, but the ethical actor, we shifted from analysis of structural patterns to analysis of individuals by conjoining code orientations and constitutive goods identified in the last two chapters. The findings strongly support the patterned order of ethics identified in Part I of the book, providing at the same time valuable details concerning the specific discursive ingredients these six orders consist of which a discursive analysis could not identify.

This chapter reviews key ethnographic, anthropological, social psychological, sociological and li... more This chapter reviews key ethnographic, anthropological, social psychological, sociological and literary studies of the Greek culture to establish a point of reference vis-a-vis our own analysis. In this context, the chapter focuses on: (a) the ‘modernization’ of traditional, pre-modern, symbolic patterns in the framework of nationalism and urbanization; (b) the identification of ‘amoral familism’ as the key moral configuration of the traditional Greek self and its transformation into modern ‘anarchic individualism;’ (c) the role of the literary ‘mythical collectivism’ in shaping the contours of the modern Greek imagined community and its interweaving with anarchic individualism; (d) the emergence of the ‘authentic self’ and its ‘rigorous defense of the inner world’ as the basic performativity of the modern Greek; and (e) the struggle of the Greek individual to distinguish itself ‘agonistically’ in a collectivist milieu. The analysis leads to the modeling of these discourses and thus...

Employs a cultural sociological framework to provide a comprehensive examination of Greek politic... more Employs a cultural sociological framework to provide a comprehensive examination of Greek political culture from medieval to contemporary times
Traces the social and political developments that led to the 2010 Greek economic crisis
Weaves theoretical discussion and quantitative and statistical analysis together to present a comprehensive framework to explore the civil conscience of a country