Ibrahim Abdel Gelil | Arabian Gulf University (original) (raw)
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Books by Ibrahim Abdel Gelil
Arab Environment: Climate Change
Arab Environment: Green Economy
Making Choices About Hydrogen: Transport Issues for Developing Countries
Papers by Ibrahim Abdel Gelil
Barriers to greening the energy sector in the Gulf Cooperation Council
Mitigation options for the industrial sector in Egypt
Though its contribution to the global Greenhouse gases emission is relatively small, Egypt has si... more Though its contribution to the global Greenhouse gases emission is relatively small, Egypt has signed and ratified the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UN FCCC) and has been playing an active role in the international efforts to deal with such environmental challenges. Energy efficiency has been one of the main strategies that Egypt has adopted to improve environmental quality and enhance economic competitiveness. This paper highlights three initiatives currently underway to improve energy efficiency of the Egyptian industry. The first is a project that has been recently completed by OECP to assess potential GHG mitigation options available in Egypt`s oil refineries. The second initiative is an assessment of GHG mitigation potential in the Small and Medium size Enterprises (SME) in the Mediterranean city of Alexandria. The third one focuses on identifying demand side management options in some industrial electricity consumers in the same city.
Although there has been rapid growth in the number of passenger vehicles in Bahrain accompanied b... more Although there has been rapid growth in the number of passenger vehicles in Bahrain accompanied by an increase in energy demand, the CO2 emissions per vehicle has remained unexplored. This paper contributes to closing the information gap with regard to CO2 emissions, fuel economy, and distance travelled. A bottom-up approach developed by the Global Fuel Economy Initiative that utilizes the vehicles’ specifications is used to calculate the missing indicators. Analysis shows that fuel economy of passenger vehicles has improved by an average annual rate of 0.7 % between 2000 and 2010. This rate is lower than that of many developed and developing countries. We conclude by emphasizing the need for policy intervention through introducing fuel economy standards in Bahrain. Although the focus of this paper is on Bahrain, the methodology is readily applicable in other countries where similar data deficiencies can be found
Global Responses." Global Environmental Outlook 5. Nairobi, United Nations Environment Programme
Energy Policy, 1994
Within the frame of UNEP's project on the Methodologies of Determining the Costs of Abatement of ... more Within the frame of UNEP's project on the Methodologies of Determining the Costs of Abatement of GHG emissions, a case study on Egypt was undertaken by the Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT) in cooperation with the Egyptian Environment Affairs Authority (EEAA), together with an expert team from different Egyptian organizations. Both bottom-up and topdown applvaches were used. Several measures/ technologies, including energy conservation, fuel switching, use of renewable energy and material replacement, were considered to decrease CO 2 emissions. It was found that most of the measures were cost-effective, as a considerable potential for energy conservation exists in Egypt. The impact of energy conservation measures on the economy of the country was found to be positive using a macroeconomic model
In this paper, we discuss options for developinginstitutionsforjoint implementation(ll) projects.... more In this paper, we discuss options for developinginstitutionsforjoint implementation(ll) projects. We focus on the tasks which are unique to II projects or require additionalinstitutional needs-accepting the project by the host and investor countries and assessing the project's greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction or sequestration-and we suggest the types of institutions that would enhance their performance. Our evaluation is based on four sets of governmental and international criteria for II projects, the experiences of ten pilot n projects, and the perspectivesof seven collaboratingauthors from China,Egypt, India,Mexico,and Thailand, who interviewedrelevantgovernmentand non-governmentstaff involvedin II issue assessmentin their countries. After examiningthe roles for potentialn institutions,we present early findingsarguingfor a decentralizednationalII structure, whichincludes: 1) national governmental panels providing host country acceptance of proposed JI projects; 2) project parties providing the assessment data on the GHG reduction or sequestration for the projects; 3) technical experts calculating these GHG flows; 4) certified verification teams checking the GHG calculations; and 5) members of an international JI Secretariat training and certifying the assessors, as well as resolving challenges to the verifications.
e.htm DISCLAIMER The designations employed and the presentations do not imply the expression of a... more e.htm DISCLAIMER The designations employed and the presentations do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNEP or contributory organisations, editors or publishers concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or its authority, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries or the designation of its name of allegiances. The maps and the supporting data reflect and report on a time before the foundation of South Sudan as an independent state. It has not been possible for the drafting group to disaggregate existing data between Sudan and South Sudan. The maps and map data are therefore not legal descriptions or any representation of an official UN position. Mention of a commercial company or product in this publication does not imply endorsement by the United Nations Environment Programme. The use of information from this publication concerning proprietary products for publicity or advertising is not permitted.
Executive Summary Energy-efficient lighting technologies are economical, commercially viable and ... more Executive Summary Energy-efficient lighting technologies are economical, commercially viable and technologically available, but due to several barriers, they have not reached their market penetration potential. Therefore, it is necessary to promote a certain degree of market intervention at both national and international levels. A growing number of countries in the region have already taken action by providing information and sharing experiences with other countries.
Climate Change: Economic challenges and opportunities in the Arab Region
Computational Water, Energy, and Environmental Engineering
When it comes to water and energy, it is hard to obtain one without the other. Water is required ... more When it comes to water and energy, it is hard to obtain one without the other. Water is required to produce energy and energy is necessary in water production and management. As demands for water are escalating due to rapid population growth and urbanization, understanding and quantification of the interdependency between water and energy, along with analyzing nexus interactions, trade-offs and risks are a prerequisite for effective and integrated planning and management of these two key sectors. This paper performs an assessment of the water-energy nexus in the municipal sector of the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia, where the electric energy footprint in the water value chain (groundwater, desalination and wastewater treatment) and the water footprint in electric energy generation (thermal power plants) are quantified using data for the year 2013. The results confirmed the high and strong dependency on energy for the municipal water cycle in the Eastern Province and revealed that energy generation dependency on freshwater resources is also major and evident, especially at farther distances from the coastal areas. Thermal desalination is by far the most energy intensive stage among the entire Eastern Province water cycle. In 2013, it was estimated 13% of the Eastern Province energy generation capacity goes for desalination, that's a 5% of the Kingdom capacity. Substantial energy input for desalination in the Eastern Province is attributed to the production and conveyance of water to the Capital Riyadh (48.9 kWh/m 3 and 4.2 kWh/m 3 respectively). As for groundwater pumping, it was estimated that 206.2 GWH was used for pumping 268 MCM in 2013 (0.764 kWh/m 3). Energy requirement for primary, secondary and tertiary wastewater treatment was found to be the least (2-108 GWH) and was equivalent to an average of 0.4 kWh/m 3. The water footprint in electricity generation was estimated to be about 739,308 m 3 in 2013 (0.125 m 3 /kWh
Computational Water, Energy, and Environmental Engineering
When it comes to water and energy, it is hard to obtain one without the other. Water is required ... more When it comes to water and energy, it is hard to obtain one without the other. Water is required to produce energy and energy is necessary in water production and management. As demands for water are escalating due to rapid population growth and urbanization, understanding and quantification of the interdependency between water and energy, along with analyzing nexus interactions, trade-offs and risks are a prerequisite for effective and integrated planning and management of these two key sectors. This paper performs an assessment of the water-energy nexus in the municipal sector of the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia, where the electric energy footprint in the water value chain (groundwater, desalination and wastewater treatment) and the water footprint in electric energy generation (thermal power plants) are quantified using data for the year 2013. The results confirmed the high and strong dependency on energy for the municipal water cycle in the Eastern Province and revealed that energy generation dependency on freshwater resources is also major and evident, especially at farther distances from the coastal areas. Thermal desalination is by far the most energy intensive stage among the entire Eastern Province water cycle. In 2013, it was estimated 13% of the Eastern Province energy generation capacity goes for desalination, that's a 5% of the Kingdom capacity. Substantial energy input for desalination in the Eastern Province is attributed to the production and conveyance of water to the Capital Riyadh (48.9 kWh/m 3 and 4.2 kWh/m 3 respectively). As for groundwater pumping, it was estimated that 206.2 GWH was used for pumping 268 MCM in 2013 (0.764 kWh/m 3). Energy requirement for primary, secondary and tertiary wastewater treatment was found to be the least (2-108 GWH) and was equivalent to an average of 0.4 kWh/m 3. The water footprint in electricity generation was estimated to be about 739,308 m 3 in 2013 (0.125 m 3 /kWh
Sustainable energy: prospects, challenges, opportunities
The designations employed and the presentations do not imply the expression of any opinion whatso... more The designations employed and the presentations do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNEP or contributory organisations, editors or publishers concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or its authority, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries or the designation of its name of allegiances. The maps and the supporting data reflect and report on a time before the foundation of South Sudan as an independent state. It has not been possible for the drafting group to disaggregate existing data between Sudan and South Sudan. The maps and map data are therefore not legal descriptions or any representation of an official UN position. Mention of a commercial company or product in this publication does not imply endorsement by the United Nations Environment Programme. The use of information from this publication concerning proprietary products for publicity or advertising is not permitted.
Arab Environment: Climate Change
Arab Environment: Green Economy
Making Choices About Hydrogen: Transport Issues for Developing Countries
Barriers to greening the energy sector in the Gulf Cooperation Council
Mitigation options for the industrial sector in Egypt
Though its contribution to the global Greenhouse gases emission is relatively small, Egypt has si... more Though its contribution to the global Greenhouse gases emission is relatively small, Egypt has signed and ratified the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UN FCCC) and has been playing an active role in the international efforts to deal with such environmental challenges. Energy efficiency has been one of the main strategies that Egypt has adopted to improve environmental quality and enhance economic competitiveness. This paper highlights three initiatives currently underway to improve energy efficiency of the Egyptian industry. The first is a project that has been recently completed by OECP to assess potential GHG mitigation options available in Egypt`s oil refineries. The second initiative is an assessment of GHG mitigation potential in the Small and Medium size Enterprises (SME) in the Mediterranean city of Alexandria. The third one focuses on identifying demand side management options in some industrial electricity consumers in the same city.
Although there has been rapid growth in the number of passenger vehicles in Bahrain accompanied b... more Although there has been rapid growth in the number of passenger vehicles in Bahrain accompanied by an increase in energy demand, the CO2 emissions per vehicle has remained unexplored. This paper contributes to closing the information gap with regard to CO2 emissions, fuel economy, and distance travelled. A bottom-up approach developed by the Global Fuel Economy Initiative that utilizes the vehicles’ specifications is used to calculate the missing indicators. Analysis shows that fuel economy of passenger vehicles has improved by an average annual rate of 0.7 % between 2000 and 2010. This rate is lower than that of many developed and developing countries. We conclude by emphasizing the need for policy intervention through introducing fuel economy standards in Bahrain. Although the focus of this paper is on Bahrain, the methodology is readily applicable in other countries where similar data deficiencies can be found
Global Responses." Global Environmental Outlook 5. Nairobi, United Nations Environment Programme
Energy Policy, 1994
Within the frame of UNEP's project on the Methodologies of Determining the Costs of Abatement of ... more Within the frame of UNEP's project on the Methodologies of Determining the Costs of Abatement of GHG emissions, a case study on Egypt was undertaken by the Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT) in cooperation with the Egyptian Environment Affairs Authority (EEAA), together with an expert team from different Egyptian organizations. Both bottom-up and topdown applvaches were used. Several measures/ technologies, including energy conservation, fuel switching, use of renewable energy and material replacement, were considered to decrease CO 2 emissions. It was found that most of the measures were cost-effective, as a considerable potential for energy conservation exists in Egypt. The impact of energy conservation measures on the economy of the country was found to be positive using a macroeconomic model
In this paper, we discuss options for developinginstitutionsforjoint implementation(ll) projects.... more In this paper, we discuss options for developinginstitutionsforjoint implementation(ll) projects. We focus on the tasks which are unique to II projects or require additionalinstitutional needs-accepting the project by the host and investor countries and assessing the project's greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction or sequestration-and we suggest the types of institutions that would enhance their performance. Our evaluation is based on four sets of governmental and international criteria for II projects, the experiences of ten pilot n projects, and the perspectivesof seven collaboratingauthors from China,Egypt, India,Mexico,and Thailand, who interviewedrelevantgovernmentand non-governmentstaff involvedin II issue assessmentin their countries. After examiningthe roles for potentialn institutions,we present early findingsarguingfor a decentralizednationalII structure, whichincludes: 1) national governmental panels providing host country acceptance of proposed JI projects; 2) project parties providing the assessment data on the GHG reduction or sequestration for the projects; 3) technical experts calculating these GHG flows; 4) certified verification teams checking the GHG calculations; and 5) members of an international JI Secretariat training and certifying the assessors, as well as resolving challenges to the verifications.
e.htm DISCLAIMER The designations employed and the presentations do not imply the expression of a... more e.htm DISCLAIMER The designations employed and the presentations do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNEP or contributory organisations, editors or publishers concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or its authority, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries or the designation of its name of allegiances. The maps and the supporting data reflect and report on a time before the foundation of South Sudan as an independent state. It has not been possible for the drafting group to disaggregate existing data between Sudan and South Sudan. The maps and map data are therefore not legal descriptions or any representation of an official UN position. Mention of a commercial company or product in this publication does not imply endorsement by the United Nations Environment Programme. The use of information from this publication concerning proprietary products for publicity or advertising is not permitted.
Executive Summary Energy-efficient lighting technologies are economical, commercially viable and ... more Executive Summary Energy-efficient lighting technologies are economical, commercially viable and technologically available, but due to several barriers, they have not reached their market penetration potential. Therefore, it is necessary to promote a certain degree of market intervention at both national and international levels. A growing number of countries in the region have already taken action by providing information and sharing experiences with other countries.
Climate Change: Economic challenges and opportunities in the Arab Region
Computational Water, Energy, and Environmental Engineering
When it comes to water and energy, it is hard to obtain one without the other. Water is required ... more When it comes to water and energy, it is hard to obtain one without the other. Water is required to produce energy and energy is necessary in water production and management. As demands for water are escalating due to rapid population growth and urbanization, understanding and quantification of the interdependency between water and energy, along with analyzing nexus interactions, trade-offs and risks are a prerequisite for effective and integrated planning and management of these two key sectors. This paper performs an assessment of the water-energy nexus in the municipal sector of the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia, where the electric energy footprint in the water value chain (groundwater, desalination and wastewater treatment) and the water footprint in electric energy generation (thermal power plants) are quantified using data for the year 2013. The results confirmed the high and strong dependency on energy for the municipal water cycle in the Eastern Province and revealed that energy generation dependency on freshwater resources is also major and evident, especially at farther distances from the coastal areas. Thermal desalination is by far the most energy intensive stage among the entire Eastern Province water cycle. In 2013, it was estimated 13% of the Eastern Province energy generation capacity goes for desalination, that's a 5% of the Kingdom capacity. Substantial energy input for desalination in the Eastern Province is attributed to the production and conveyance of water to the Capital Riyadh (48.9 kWh/m 3 and 4.2 kWh/m 3 respectively). As for groundwater pumping, it was estimated that 206.2 GWH was used for pumping 268 MCM in 2013 (0.764 kWh/m 3). Energy requirement for primary, secondary and tertiary wastewater treatment was found to be the least (2-108 GWH) and was equivalent to an average of 0.4 kWh/m 3. The water footprint in electricity generation was estimated to be about 739,308 m 3 in 2013 (0.125 m 3 /kWh
Computational Water, Energy, and Environmental Engineering
When it comes to water and energy, it is hard to obtain one without the other. Water is required ... more When it comes to water and energy, it is hard to obtain one without the other. Water is required to produce energy and energy is necessary in water production and management. As demands for water are escalating due to rapid population growth and urbanization, understanding and quantification of the interdependency between water and energy, along with analyzing nexus interactions, trade-offs and risks are a prerequisite for effective and integrated planning and management of these two key sectors. This paper performs an assessment of the water-energy nexus in the municipal sector of the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia, where the electric energy footprint in the water value chain (groundwater, desalination and wastewater treatment) and the water footprint in electric energy generation (thermal power plants) are quantified using data for the year 2013. The results confirmed the high and strong dependency on energy for the municipal water cycle in the Eastern Province and revealed that energy generation dependency on freshwater resources is also major and evident, especially at farther distances from the coastal areas. Thermal desalination is by far the most energy intensive stage among the entire Eastern Province water cycle. In 2013, it was estimated 13% of the Eastern Province energy generation capacity goes for desalination, that's a 5% of the Kingdom capacity. Substantial energy input for desalination in the Eastern Province is attributed to the production and conveyance of water to the Capital Riyadh (48.9 kWh/m 3 and 4.2 kWh/m 3 respectively). As for groundwater pumping, it was estimated that 206.2 GWH was used for pumping 268 MCM in 2013 (0.764 kWh/m 3). Energy requirement for primary, secondary and tertiary wastewater treatment was found to be the least (2-108 GWH) and was equivalent to an average of 0.4 kWh/m 3. The water footprint in electricity generation was estimated to be about 739,308 m 3 in 2013 (0.125 m 3 /kWh
Sustainable energy: prospects, challenges, opportunities
The designations employed and the presentations do not imply the expression of any opinion whatso... more The designations employed and the presentations do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNEP or contributory organisations, editors or publishers concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or its authority, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries or the designation of its name of allegiances. The maps and the supporting data reflect and report on a time before the foundation of South Sudan as an independent state. It has not been possible for the drafting group to disaggregate existing data between Sudan and South Sudan. The maps and map data are therefore not legal descriptions or any representation of an official UN position. Mention of a commercial company or product in this publication does not imply endorsement by the United Nations Environment Programme. The use of information from this publication concerning proprietary products for publicity or advertising is not permitted.
Towards a science-led climate policy in the Arab region
Nature Middle East, 2010
Climate change affects urban livelihoods and living conditions
Globalization of the Environmental Issues
Comparative Approaches, 2012