Bebina Milovanović | Institute of Archaeology, Belgrade, Serbia (original) (raw)

Papers by Bebina Milovanović

Arheologija u Srbiji. Projekti Arheološkog instituta u 2021 godini, 2024

Archaeology and Science, 2024

Ivory objects from Viminacium are few (nine pieces) and are generally simple in design and utilit... more Ivory objects from Viminacium are few (nine pieces) and are generally simple in design and utilitarian in purpose. However, one find stands out due to its specific function. It is currently the only known example from Viminacium and is among the thirty-five finds known from literature, among which twenty-five are from graves. A flat ivory object – a plaque in the shape of a pelta, was found with two bone rods in the grave of a deceased person, interred in a lead coffin, along with other items that date the burial to between the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD. The unusual appearance and rarity of similar objects has long been the subject of debate among scientists. It was believed that they were elements of a small cabinet, a stringed instrument, a papyrus-scroll winder, an implement used for fine embroidery or a miniature weaving loom. This paper presents three of these interpretations, and stands by one of them, thus recognising the Viminacium find as a loom. Based on the grave goods, among which is the one we present in this paper, it was concluded that the deceased person was a woman. This rare item belongs to the luxury products that could not be afforded by everyone, but only members of high society.

Starinar LXXIII, 2023

Burials in lead coffins have been sporadically recorded in Viminacium (Moesia Superior). They ori... more Burials in lead coffins have been sporadically recorded in Viminacium (Moesia Superior). They originate from four
necropolises that can be roughly classified into the period from the 2nd to the 4th century. This paper presents twelve lead coffins
from recent excavations. They were found directly in a pit without construction, or in a construction of bricks. Lead coffins were
often ornamented with different linear-geometric motifs, or figural depiction in one rare instance. A workshop can be expected
to have existed in Viminacium for the production of lead objects for various purposes such as coffins and many other finds that
have been found in large numbers. In some of the coffins, items have been preserved. These include jewellery made of gold,
ceramic vessels, glass bottles, bone finds, etc. In nine of them, the skeletal remains of the deceased were completely or at least
partially preserved. Included in the paper is an anthropological analysis of the skeletal remains of those deceased. Based on the
anthropological analysis, it can be seen that the deceased were mostly children (six cases), while in three cases they were adults.

Vivere in Urbe, Viminacium, Tom 1, 2022

Vivere in Vrbe. Viminacium, 2022

Arheologija i prirodne nauke, 2016

During the construction of water supply network for the Viminacium archaeological park in 2013, t... more During the construction of water supply network for the Viminacium archaeological park in 2013, the brick kiln on the site Pirivoj was discovered. More speciffically, the kiln was found on the eastern part of city necropolis. The biggest number of brick kilns at Viminacium was discovered on the southern city's necropolis during the 1980's, and three kilns were found at the site Pećine within the craft center. The newly discovered kiln at the site Pirivoj was built from unfired bricks and mud mortar, with a minimal use of brick. It belongs to the type of the combustion kiln with a single channel. The furnace chamber and grill kiln have been preserved to a greater extent, while the firing chamber was only partially conserved with walls in the height of 70 cm. A vaulted firing port was located on the west side. Based on the layers within the kiln, two phases of use can be distinguished. Beneath the furnace chamber floor, an ancient well was found and which was used at the time before kiln was built. Based on small objects kiln is dated to the 3rd century AD.

Starinar

The motif of Medusa had significant importance in Roman visual culture, reflecting the comprehens... more The motif of Medusa had significant importance in Roman visual culture, reflecting the comprehension of ancient people about this frightful being. Visual material from the territory of the Central Balkans suggests a widely known understanding and belief of the protective as well as apotropaic functions of Medusa. The motif of Medusa i.e. the Gorgoneion, was one of the well known and most represented motifs in architecture, funerary art and artiminori and a widely appreciated decoration of jewellery, signifying the importance of Medusa?s protection for people, especially for women.

Arheologija i prirodne nauke

The hydraulicity of the Viminacium mortars is still somewhat unknown, but with laboratory analyse... more The hydraulicity of the Viminacium mortars is still somewhat unknown, but with laboratory analyses, performed on a small number of samples, and similar research performed worldwide, some conclusions can be drawn. These bring us closer to this topic, which again contribute to our becoming acquainted with the Viminacium building materials, their usage, behaviour in constructions and their mutual relationships. Throughout history, artifi cial products of soil, specifi cally bricks and ceramics, represent some of the most commonly used materials with pozzolanic features in the creation of hydraulic lime mortars. In accordance with their function, the Viminacium thermae represent a place with high levels of humidity in the air and water in a large number of rooms, thereby representing a suitable example for analysing the use of hydraulic mortars, which above all needed to be waterproof. This was achieved with the use of bricks, a material produced locally in Viminacium. Fragmentarily preserved remains of wall paintings from the Viminacium thermae are not only numerous and various, but they spatially also include almost all parts of the building. This paper includes the remains of decorative mortars discovered during archaeological research in 2004 and 2007 that had bricks in their structure, which was confi rmed with a visual review of mortar cross-sections when brick was used in fragments. It was also suspected due to the reddish colour of some of the layers, most likely connected to the use of brick dust.

Arheologija i prirodne nauke

Eleven miniature lead mirror frames were discovered during the protective archaeological excavati... more Eleven miniature lead mirror frames were discovered during the protective archaeological excavations of Viminacium in 2015, at the Rit site. The frames were found in a ditch probably used at fi rst as a canal for drainage and was fi lled with waste material during the cleaning of the necropolis afterwards. Some of the mirrors represent a unique fi nd, since few of these types have been found on the territory of Viminacium so far, and the only analogies are the ones from the Hungarian National Museum in Budapest. These fi nds confi rm the widespread opinion about these mirrors not having been used as cosmetic or toilet articles, but as cult/apotropaic objects.

je imao funkciju signifera (stjegonoša). Scena iz života pokojnika prikazana je u niši stele, spe... more je imao funkciju signifera (stjegonoša). Scena iz života pokojnika prikazana je u niši stele, spekulatora (izviđač) legije VII Claudia. Najstariji spomenici su iz prve polovine 2. stoljeća i s kraja 2. stoljeća, a većina njih su od 2. do 3. stoljeća. Iako ne tako brojni, spomenici vojnika i veterana, kao i njihova vojna obilježja, pružaju dokaze o njihovom životu i postignućima koja su ovjekovječena u kamenu. Ključne riječi: vojnici, nadgrobni spomenici, stele, Viminacij, legija Vii claudia, Gornja Mezija the aim of the roman empire at the end of the 1 st century Bc and the beginning of the new era was to move to the danube. the establishment of the province of Moesia is likely to have occurred between 11 and 15 Ad, when the province was first mentioned in literary sources. the first military camps were installed along the danube in order to protect the border. Among them was Viminacium (Kostolac, Serbia), a site near the river Mlava at its confluence with the danube. the remains of a stone-built military camp dated to the time of trajan and Hadrian, as well as the original camp from the mid-1 st century, are not yet archaeologically confirmed. Legion Vii claudia formed a permanent garrison in Viminacium. 1 this legion was transferred from dalmatia (Tilurium) 2 to Moesia 1 Mirković 1968, 59. 2 Sanader, tončinić 2010, 45. Mnogi autori se slažu da je ova rimska legija došla u dalmaciju kod garduna (Tilurium) nešto prije dalmatskopanonskog ustanka između 6. i 9. godine ili malo nakon toga. također vidjeti u: e.

je imao funkciju signifera (stjegonoša). Scena iz života pokojnika prikazana je u niši stele, spe... more je imao funkciju signifera (stjegonoša). Scena iz života pokojnika prikazana je u niši stele, spekulatora (izviđač) legije VII Claudia. Najstariji spomenici su iz prve polovine 2. stoljeća i s kraja 2. stoljeća, a većina njih su od 2. do 3. stoljeća. Iako ne tako brojni, spomenici vojnika i veterana, kao i njihova vojna obilježja, pružaju dokaze o njihovom životu i postignućima koja su ovjekovječena u kamenu. Ključne riječi: vojnici, nadgrobni spomenici, stele, Viminacij, legija Vii claudia, Gornja Mezija the aim of the roman empire at the end of the 1 st century Bc and the beginning of the new era was to move to the danube. the establishment of the province of Moesia is likely to have occurred between 11 and 15 Ad, when the province was first mentioned in literary sources. the first military camps were installed along the danube in order to protect the border. Among them was Viminacium (Kostolac, Serbia), a site near the river Mlava at its confluence with the danube. the remains of a stone-built military camp dated to the time of trajan and Hadrian, as well as the original camp from the mid-1 st century, are not yet archaeologically confirmed. Legion Vii claudia formed a permanent garrison in Viminacium. 1 this legion was transferred from dalmatia (Tilurium) 2 to Moesia 1 Mirković 1968, 59. 2 Sanader, tončinić 2010, 45. Mnogi autori se slažu da je ova rimska legija došla u dalmaciju kod garduna (Tilurium) nešto prije dalmatskopanonskog ustanka između 6. i 9. godine ili malo nakon toga. također vidjeti u: e.

Arheologija i prirodne nauke

Starinar

The paper focuses on a group of five anthropomorphic pendants, deposited in graves of sub-adult a... more The paper focuses on a group of five anthropomorphic pendants, deposited in graves of sub-adult and female individuals, discovered in cemeteries of ancient Viminacium (Serbia). The selection of raw materials (jet and amber), as well as other parts of the necklaces these pendants were incorporated in, suggest their apotropaic character. Various data sources have been employed in order to answer questions regarding the identification of the depicted beings, reasons for their usage by certain population groups, etc. A comparison has been made with analogous specimens from across the Roman world, which are not numerous but are prominently widespread. Three examples from Viminacium originate from recent archaeological campaigns, meaning that osteological material was available for analysis.

Starinar, 2013

Bronze seal boxes that had the function of holding the wax seal on the Viminacium site - Upper Mo... more Bronze seal boxes that had the function of holding the wax seal on the Viminacium site - Upper Moesia (Stari Kostolac, Serbia), mainly from the area of the necropolis (ten were found in the graves and ten at the cemetery between the graves). Six are from buildings that had a storage function, five are from public facilities - an amphitheatre, and only one find is from the military fort of the legion VII Claudia, which was stationed in Viminacium in the second half of the 1st century. Thirty-two seal boxes have been processed: nine whole, six with fragmented upper and lower parts, seven bases and ten covers. Seal boxes consist of two parts: the cover and the base. The cover is decorated with figural images, concentric rings and especially with applied ornaments. Some of the motifs are filled with enamel. The base always has three to five circular perforations at the bottom, the side walls are a height of 4 to 5 mm with two opposed notches or slots which are thought to have facilitate...

Arheologija i prirodne nauke

Vjesnik Arheoloskog Muzeja U Zagrebu, Mar 18, 2014

je imao funkciju signifera (stjegonoša). Scena iz života pokojnika prikazana je u niši stele, spe... more je imao funkciju signifera (stjegonoša). Scena iz života pokojnika prikazana je u niši stele, spekulatora (izviđač) legije VII Claudia. Najstariji spomenici su iz prve polovine 2. stoljeća i s kraja 2. stoljeća, a većina njih su od 2. do 3. stoljeća. Iako ne tako brojni, spomenici vojnika i veterana, kao i njihova vojna obilježja, pružaju dokaze o njihovom životu i postignućima koja su ovjekovječena u kamenu. Ključne riječi: vojnici, nadgrobni spomenici, stele, Viminacij, legija Vii claudia, Gornja Mezija the aim of the roman empire at the end of the 1 st century Bc and the beginning of the new era was to move to the danube. the establishment of the province of Moesia is likely to have occurred between 11 and 15 Ad, when the province was first mentioned in literary sources. the first military camps were installed along the danube in order to protect the border. Among them was Viminacium (Kostolac, Serbia), a site near the river Mlava at its confluence with the danube. the remains of a stone-built military camp dated to the time of trajan and Hadrian, as well as the original camp from the mid-1 st century, are not yet archaeologically confirmed. Legion Vii claudia formed a permanent garrison in Viminacium. 1 this legion was transferred from dalmatia (Tilurium) 2 to Moesia 1 Mirković 1968, 59. 2 Sanader, tončinić 2010, 45. Mnogi autori se slažu da je ova rimska legija došla u dalmaciju kod garduna (Tilurium) nešto prije dalmatskopanonskog ustanka između 6. i 9. godine ili malo nakon toga. također vidjeti u: e.

Bronze seal boxes that had the function of holding the wax seal on the Viminacium site – Upper Mo... more Bronze seal boxes that had the function of holding the wax seal on the Viminacium site – Upper Moesia (Stari Kostolac, Serbia), mainly from the area of the necropolis (ten were found in the graves and ten at the cemetery between the graves). Six are from buildings that had a storage function, five are from public facilities – an amphitheatre, and only one find is from the military fort of the legion VII Claudia, which was stationed in Viminacium in the second half of the 1st century. Thirty-two seal boxes have been processed: nine whole, six with fragmented upper and lower parts, seven bases and ten covers. Seal boxes consist of two parts: the cover and the base. The cover is decorated with figural images, concentric rings and especially with applied ornaments. Some of the motifs are filled with enamel. The base always has three to five circular perforations at the bottom, the side walls are a height of 4 to 5 mm with two opposed notches or slots which are thought to have facilitate...

Vjesnik Arheoloskog Muzeja U Zagrebu, Mar 18, 2014

je imao funkciju signifera (stjegonoša). Scena iz života pokojnika prikazana je u niši stele, spe... more je imao funkciju signifera (stjegonoša). Scena iz života pokojnika prikazana je u niši stele, spekulatora (izviđač) legije VII Claudia. Najstariji spomenici su iz prve polovine 2. stoljeća i s kraja 2. stoljeća, a većina njih su od 2. do 3. stoljeća. Iako ne tako brojni, spomenici vojnika i veterana, kao i njihova vojna obilježja, pružaju dokaze o njihovom životu i postignućima koja su ovjekovječena u kamenu. Ključne riječi: vojnici, nadgrobni spomenici, stele, Viminacij, legija Vii claudia, Gornja Mezija the aim of the roman empire at the end of the 1 st century Bc and the beginning of the new era was to move to the danube. the establishment of the province of Moesia is likely to have occurred between 11 and 15 Ad, when the province was first mentioned in literary sources. the first military camps were installed along the danube in order to protect the border. Among them was Viminacium (Kostolac, Serbia), a site near the river Mlava at its confluence with the danube. the remains of a stone-built military camp dated to the time of trajan and Hadrian, as well as the original camp from the mid-1 st century, are not yet archaeologically confirmed. Legion Vii claudia formed a permanent garrison in Viminacium. 1 this legion was transferred from dalmatia (Tilurium) 2 to Moesia 1 Mirković 1968, 59. 2 Sanader, tončinić 2010, 45. Mnogi autori se slažu da je ova rimska legija došla u dalmaciju kod garduna (Tilurium) nešto prije dalmatskopanonskog ustanka između 6. i 9. godine ili malo nakon toga. također vidjeti u: e.

Arheologija i prirodne nauke

Arheologija i prirodne nauke

Arheologija u Srbiji. Projekti Arheološkog instituta u 2021 godini, 2024

Archaeology and Science, 2024

Ivory objects from Viminacium are few (nine pieces) and are generally simple in design and utilit... more Ivory objects from Viminacium are few (nine pieces) and are generally simple in design and utilitarian in purpose. However, one find stands out due to its specific function. It is currently the only known example from Viminacium and is among the thirty-five finds known from literature, among which twenty-five are from graves. A flat ivory object – a plaque in the shape of a pelta, was found with two bone rods in the grave of a deceased person, interred in a lead coffin, along with other items that date the burial to between the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD. The unusual appearance and rarity of similar objects has long been the subject of debate among scientists. It was believed that they were elements of a small cabinet, a stringed instrument, a papyrus-scroll winder, an implement used for fine embroidery or a miniature weaving loom. This paper presents three of these interpretations, and stands by one of them, thus recognising the Viminacium find as a loom. Based on the grave goods, among which is the one we present in this paper, it was concluded that the deceased person was a woman. This rare item belongs to the luxury products that could not be afforded by everyone, but only members of high society.

Starinar LXXIII, 2023

Burials in lead coffins have been sporadically recorded in Viminacium (Moesia Superior). They ori... more Burials in lead coffins have been sporadically recorded in Viminacium (Moesia Superior). They originate from four
necropolises that can be roughly classified into the period from the 2nd to the 4th century. This paper presents twelve lead coffins
from recent excavations. They were found directly in a pit without construction, or in a construction of bricks. Lead coffins were
often ornamented with different linear-geometric motifs, or figural depiction in one rare instance. A workshop can be expected
to have existed in Viminacium for the production of lead objects for various purposes such as coffins and many other finds that
have been found in large numbers. In some of the coffins, items have been preserved. These include jewellery made of gold,
ceramic vessels, glass bottles, bone finds, etc. In nine of them, the skeletal remains of the deceased were completely or at least
partially preserved. Included in the paper is an anthropological analysis of the skeletal remains of those deceased. Based on the
anthropological analysis, it can be seen that the deceased were mostly children (six cases), while in three cases they were adults.

Vivere in Urbe, Viminacium, Tom 1, 2022

Vivere in Vrbe. Viminacium, 2022

Arheologija i prirodne nauke, 2016

During the construction of water supply network for the Viminacium archaeological park in 2013, t... more During the construction of water supply network for the Viminacium archaeological park in 2013, the brick kiln on the site Pirivoj was discovered. More speciffically, the kiln was found on the eastern part of city necropolis. The biggest number of brick kilns at Viminacium was discovered on the southern city's necropolis during the 1980's, and three kilns were found at the site Pećine within the craft center. The newly discovered kiln at the site Pirivoj was built from unfired bricks and mud mortar, with a minimal use of brick. It belongs to the type of the combustion kiln with a single channel. The furnace chamber and grill kiln have been preserved to a greater extent, while the firing chamber was only partially conserved with walls in the height of 70 cm. A vaulted firing port was located on the west side. Based on the layers within the kiln, two phases of use can be distinguished. Beneath the furnace chamber floor, an ancient well was found and which was used at the time before kiln was built. Based on small objects kiln is dated to the 3rd century AD.

Starinar

The motif of Medusa had significant importance in Roman visual culture, reflecting the comprehens... more The motif of Medusa had significant importance in Roman visual culture, reflecting the comprehension of ancient people about this frightful being. Visual material from the territory of the Central Balkans suggests a widely known understanding and belief of the protective as well as apotropaic functions of Medusa. The motif of Medusa i.e. the Gorgoneion, was one of the well known and most represented motifs in architecture, funerary art and artiminori and a widely appreciated decoration of jewellery, signifying the importance of Medusa?s protection for people, especially for women.

Arheologija i prirodne nauke

The hydraulicity of the Viminacium mortars is still somewhat unknown, but with laboratory analyse... more The hydraulicity of the Viminacium mortars is still somewhat unknown, but with laboratory analyses, performed on a small number of samples, and similar research performed worldwide, some conclusions can be drawn. These bring us closer to this topic, which again contribute to our becoming acquainted with the Viminacium building materials, their usage, behaviour in constructions and their mutual relationships. Throughout history, artifi cial products of soil, specifi cally bricks and ceramics, represent some of the most commonly used materials with pozzolanic features in the creation of hydraulic lime mortars. In accordance with their function, the Viminacium thermae represent a place with high levels of humidity in the air and water in a large number of rooms, thereby representing a suitable example for analysing the use of hydraulic mortars, which above all needed to be waterproof. This was achieved with the use of bricks, a material produced locally in Viminacium. Fragmentarily preserved remains of wall paintings from the Viminacium thermae are not only numerous and various, but they spatially also include almost all parts of the building. This paper includes the remains of decorative mortars discovered during archaeological research in 2004 and 2007 that had bricks in their structure, which was confi rmed with a visual review of mortar cross-sections when brick was used in fragments. It was also suspected due to the reddish colour of some of the layers, most likely connected to the use of brick dust.

Arheologija i prirodne nauke

Eleven miniature lead mirror frames were discovered during the protective archaeological excavati... more Eleven miniature lead mirror frames were discovered during the protective archaeological excavations of Viminacium in 2015, at the Rit site. The frames were found in a ditch probably used at fi rst as a canal for drainage and was fi lled with waste material during the cleaning of the necropolis afterwards. Some of the mirrors represent a unique fi nd, since few of these types have been found on the territory of Viminacium so far, and the only analogies are the ones from the Hungarian National Museum in Budapest. These fi nds confi rm the widespread opinion about these mirrors not having been used as cosmetic or toilet articles, but as cult/apotropaic objects.

je imao funkciju signifera (stjegonoša). Scena iz života pokojnika prikazana je u niši stele, spe... more je imao funkciju signifera (stjegonoša). Scena iz života pokojnika prikazana je u niši stele, spekulatora (izviđač) legije VII Claudia. Najstariji spomenici su iz prve polovine 2. stoljeća i s kraja 2. stoljeća, a većina njih su od 2. do 3. stoljeća. Iako ne tako brojni, spomenici vojnika i veterana, kao i njihova vojna obilježja, pružaju dokaze o njihovom životu i postignućima koja su ovjekovječena u kamenu. Ključne riječi: vojnici, nadgrobni spomenici, stele, Viminacij, legija Vii claudia, Gornja Mezija the aim of the roman empire at the end of the 1 st century Bc and the beginning of the new era was to move to the danube. the establishment of the province of Moesia is likely to have occurred between 11 and 15 Ad, when the province was first mentioned in literary sources. the first military camps were installed along the danube in order to protect the border. Among them was Viminacium (Kostolac, Serbia), a site near the river Mlava at its confluence with the danube. the remains of a stone-built military camp dated to the time of trajan and Hadrian, as well as the original camp from the mid-1 st century, are not yet archaeologically confirmed. Legion Vii claudia formed a permanent garrison in Viminacium. 1 this legion was transferred from dalmatia (Tilurium) 2 to Moesia 1 Mirković 1968, 59. 2 Sanader, tončinić 2010, 45. Mnogi autori se slažu da je ova rimska legija došla u dalmaciju kod garduna (Tilurium) nešto prije dalmatskopanonskog ustanka između 6. i 9. godine ili malo nakon toga. također vidjeti u: e.

je imao funkciju signifera (stjegonoša). Scena iz života pokojnika prikazana je u niši stele, spe... more je imao funkciju signifera (stjegonoša). Scena iz života pokojnika prikazana je u niši stele, spekulatora (izviđač) legije VII Claudia. Najstariji spomenici su iz prve polovine 2. stoljeća i s kraja 2. stoljeća, a većina njih su od 2. do 3. stoljeća. Iako ne tako brojni, spomenici vojnika i veterana, kao i njihova vojna obilježja, pružaju dokaze o njihovom životu i postignućima koja su ovjekovječena u kamenu. Ključne riječi: vojnici, nadgrobni spomenici, stele, Viminacij, legija Vii claudia, Gornja Mezija the aim of the roman empire at the end of the 1 st century Bc and the beginning of the new era was to move to the danube. the establishment of the province of Moesia is likely to have occurred between 11 and 15 Ad, when the province was first mentioned in literary sources. the first military camps were installed along the danube in order to protect the border. Among them was Viminacium (Kostolac, Serbia), a site near the river Mlava at its confluence with the danube. the remains of a stone-built military camp dated to the time of trajan and Hadrian, as well as the original camp from the mid-1 st century, are not yet archaeologically confirmed. Legion Vii claudia formed a permanent garrison in Viminacium. 1 this legion was transferred from dalmatia (Tilurium) 2 to Moesia 1 Mirković 1968, 59. 2 Sanader, tončinić 2010, 45. Mnogi autori se slažu da je ova rimska legija došla u dalmaciju kod garduna (Tilurium) nešto prije dalmatskopanonskog ustanka između 6. i 9. godine ili malo nakon toga. također vidjeti u: e.

Arheologija i prirodne nauke

Starinar

The paper focuses on a group of five anthropomorphic pendants, deposited in graves of sub-adult a... more The paper focuses on a group of five anthropomorphic pendants, deposited in graves of sub-adult and female individuals, discovered in cemeteries of ancient Viminacium (Serbia). The selection of raw materials (jet and amber), as well as other parts of the necklaces these pendants were incorporated in, suggest their apotropaic character. Various data sources have been employed in order to answer questions regarding the identification of the depicted beings, reasons for their usage by certain population groups, etc. A comparison has been made with analogous specimens from across the Roman world, which are not numerous but are prominently widespread. Three examples from Viminacium originate from recent archaeological campaigns, meaning that osteological material was available for analysis.

Starinar, 2013

Bronze seal boxes that had the function of holding the wax seal on the Viminacium site - Upper Mo... more Bronze seal boxes that had the function of holding the wax seal on the Viminacium site - Upper Moesia (Stari Kostolac, Serbia), mainly from the area of the necropolis (ten were found in the graves and ten at the cemetery between the graves). Six are from buildings that had a storage function, five are from public facilities - an amphitheatre, and only one find is from the military fort of the legion VII Claudia, which was stationed in Viminacium in the second half of the 1st century. Thirty-two seal boxes have been processed: nine whole, six with fragmented upper and lower parts, seven bases and ten covers. Seal boxes consist of two parts: the cover and the base. The cover is decorated with figural images, concentric rings and especially with applied ornaments. Some of the motifs are filled with enamel. The base always has three to five circular perforations at the bottom, the side walls are a height of 4 to 5 mm with two opposed notches or slots which are thought to have facilitate...

Arheologija i prirodne nauke

Vjesnik Arheoloskog Muzeja U Zagrebu, Mar 18, 2014

je imao funkciju signifera (stjegonoša). Scena iz života pokojnika prikazana je u niši stele, spe... more je imao funkciju signifera (stjegonoša). Scena iz života pokojnika prikazana je u niši stele, spekulatora (izviđač) legije VII Claudia. Najstariji spomenici su iz prve polovine 2. stoljeća i s kraja 2. stoljeća, a većina njih su od 2. do 3. stoljeća. Iako ne tako brojni, spomenici vojnika i veterana, kao i njihova vojna obilježja, pružaju dokaze o njihovom životu i postignućima koja su ovjekovječena u kamenu. Ključne riječi: vojnici, nadgrobni spomenici, stele, Viminacij, legija Vii claudia, Gornja Mezija the aim of the roman empire at the end of the 1 st century Bc and the beginning of the new era was to move to the danube. the establishment of the province of Moesia is likely to have occurred between 11 and 15 Ad, when the province was first mentioned in literary sources. the first military camps were installed along the danube in order to protect the border. Among them was Viminacium (Kostolac, Serbia), a site near the river Mlava at its confluence with the danube. the remains of a stone-built military camp dated to the time of trajan and Hadrian, as well as the original camp from the mid-1 st century, are not yet archaeologically confirmed. Legion Vii claudia formed a permanent garrison in Viminacium. 1 this legion was transferred from dalmatia (Tilurium) 2 to Moesia 1 Mirković 1968, 59. 2 Sanader, tončinić 2010, 45. Mnogi autori se slažu da je ova rimska legija došla u dalmaciju kod garduna (Tilurium) nešto prije dalmatskopanonskog ustanka između 6. i 9. godine ili malo nakon toga. također vidjeti u: e.

Bronze seal boxes that had the function of holding the wax seal on the Viminacium site – Upper Mo... more Bronze seal boxes that had the function of holding the wax seal on the Viminacium site – Upper Moesia (Stari Kostolac, Serbia), mainly from the area of the necropolis (ten were found in the graves and ten at the cemetery between the graves). Six are from buildings that had a storage function, five are from public facilities – an amphitheatre, and only one find is from the military fort of the legion VII Claudia, which was stationed in Viminacium in the second half of the 1st century. Thirty-two seal boxes have been processed: nine whole, six with fragmented upper and lower parts, seven bases and ten covers. Seal boxes consist of two parts: the cover and the base. The cover is decorated with figural images, concentric rings and especially with applied ornaments. Some of the motifs are filled with enamel. The base always has three to five circular perforations at the bottom, the side walls are a height of 4 to 5 mm with two opposed notches or slots which are thought to have facilitate...

Vjesnik Arheoloskog Muzeja U Zagrebu, Mar 18, 2014

je imao funkciju signifera (stjegonoša). Scena iz života pokojnika prikazana je u niši stele, spe... more je imao funkciju signifera (stjegonoša). Scena iz života pokojnika prikazana je u niši stele, spekulatora (izviđač) legije VII Claudia. Najstariji spomenici su iz prve polovine 2. stoljeća i s kraja 2. stoljeća, a većina njih su od 2. do 3. stoljeća. Iako ne tako brojni, spomenici vojnika i veterana, kao i njihova vojna obilježja, pružaju dokaze o njihovom životu i postignućima koja su ovjekovječena u kamenu. Ključne riječi: vojnici, nadgrobni spomenici, stele, Viminacij, legija Vii claudia, Gornja Mezija the aim of the roman empire at the end of the 1 st century Bc and the beginning of the new era was to move to the danube. the establishment of the province of Moesia is likely to have occurred between 11 and 15 Ad, when the province was first mentioned in literary sources. the first military camps were installed along the danube in order to protect the border. Among them was Viminacium (Kostolac, Serbia), a site near the river Mlava at its confluence with the danube. the remains of a stone-built military camp dated to the time of trajan and Hadrian, as well as the original camp from the mid-1 st century, are not yet archaeologically confirmed. Legion Vii claudia formed a permanent garrison in Viminacium. 1 this legion was transferred from dalmatia (Tilurium) 2 to Moesia 1 Mirković 1968, 59. 2 Sanader, tončinić 2010, 45. Mnogi autori se slažu da je ova rimska legija došla u dalmaciju kod garduna (Tilurium) nešto prije dalmatskopanonskog ustanka između 6. i 9. godine ili malo nakon toga. također vidjeti u: e.

Arheologija i prirodne nauke

Arheologija i prirodne nauke

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