Abubakar Musa | Adventist International Institute of Advanced Studies (original) (raw)

Thesis Chapters by Abubakar Musa

Minimum wage is one of the most debatable topics in the academic for the past few decades. This s... more Minimum wage is one of the most debatable topics in the academic for the past few decades. This study investigated the impact of minimum wage increase on employee’s performance and productivity in developing countries. The study employed both quantitative and qualitative methods using triangulation mixed design. Quantitative data were sourced using questionnaire from 120 respondents’ selected using purposive sampling technique, and analyzed using descriptive statistic. The findings of this study revealed that minimum wage increase do not increase workers’ productivity in Nigeria. One reason for this is the significant decline in the real minimum wage observed in the country overtime. Evidences have shown that the minimum wage fixing in Nigeria is arbitrary and often-times, the growth of wages trail the growth of price indexes, leading to decline in the purchasing power of minimum wage workers. After all, income may not get to the ultimate low paid workers because of frictions in the economy such as taxes, inflation, and other counter government policies low income workers in the Nigerian economy are suffering from disguised underpaid, hence their inability to meet their basic needs of life. The recommended on the need for comprehensive integrative approach to address food inflation, interest rate, and exchange rate instability in order to enhance consumer purchasing power.

In today’s 21st century globalized world, technology has become the most influential factors in d... more In today’s 21st century globalized world, technology has become the most influential factors in driving innovation and strategic ambition in company’s management. The primary objectives of this work is to bridge literature gaps by aiming to examine the effects and limitations of AI application in management in driving innovation success and achieving strategic ambitions in United Bank for Africa.
The study adopted quantitative research using a triangulation mixed design. United Bank for Africa was chosen as a case study. For the analysis of the data, multiple linear regression analysis method via statistical package for social science (SPSS). The finding of the study revealed that application of AI technology encourage faster, rational and accurate decision making, promote transparency and accountability, facilitates management strategy formulation in such as resource and investment planning and project prioritization, and provides feedbacks, information and above all boost innovation. The result of the study revealed that there were some limitations with regards to its implementation. These are employees and mangers resistance to change; jobs losses; promote cyber fraud; technical challenges and weak in understanding employees feeling.
The study concludes that AI has became an integral part of company’s management and has aided in driving innovation, achieving strategic ambitions, complements work process in UBA and aided tasks ease operations and improves service quality delivery and customers satisfaction. The study recommended that managers and employees must be well educated on the need to embrace Artificial intelligence as a complement to work and not a treat to their survival on the job.

ABSTRACT Heavy metal concentration in rice is a serious public health concern, due its attendant ... more ABSTRACT
Heavy metal concentration in rice is a serious public health concern, due its attendant consequence on human health. This study investigated the determination of the heavy metals concentration in local rice produced in Gusau, Zamfara State. The study critically evaluated the presence of presence of heavy metals (Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Arsenic (As), Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Nickel (Ni), Cobalt (Co), Chromium (Cr), and Manganese (Mn)) concentration in the rice locally produced in Zamfara state. The study employed Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy Technique. Using random sampling, five (5) samples of local rice were collected in major markets in Gusau, Unguwar Dawaki, Janyau, Tudun Wada, and Magaji; and were analyzed. The data obtained were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) via SPSS V2. The result of the study revealed that high concentration of toxic heavy metals were recorded in local rice produced: lead (Pb) (ranged from5.14mg to 17.52mg); cadmium (Cd) (0.93mg-2.81mg); arsenic (As)( 0.94mg-5.13mg); chromium Cr (9.25mg to 23.50mg); cobalt Co (18.01mg-9.88mg); nickel Ni (5.07mg to 13.50mg);and cobalt Co (18.01mg to 9.88mg) which are far above maximum safe consumption limit recommended by WHO/FO; while Zinc Zn (5.13mg-0.94mg); copper Cu (27.18mg-13.28mg); Iron fe (27.18mg-13.28mg); and Manganese Mn (0.19mg-0.92mg) fall within the maximum safe limits. The study found that illegal mining, excessive application agro-chemicals, and use of domestic waste as fertilizer contributes to the heavy metals concentration. The study concludes that the local rice cultivated in Zamfara state is unsafe and unhealthy for human consumption because of the high presence of toxic metals concentration, which posed serious threat to human health.

AFRICAN INSTITUTE OF RESEARCH CENTRE, 2024

ABSTRACT Undoubtedly, unemployment is one of the biggest challenges of our time, affecting develo... more ABSTRACT
Undoubtedly, unemployment is one of the biggest challenges of our time, affecting developing nations, with attendant consequences on economic growth. This research work investigated the linkage between unemployment and economic growth in Nigeria, with focus on Kuje Area Council, Abuja, Nigeria. The study discussed the causes and effect of unemployment on economic growth as well as the challenges of the implementation of government policies in tackling unemployment. The study employed quantitative method based on descriptive survey design. The data were sourced using questionnaire from 399 respondent selected using purposive sampling techniques, and analyzed using descriptive statistic via SPSS V23. The study anchored on Okun’s Law Theory. The study found bi-directional relationships between unemployment and economic growth. This implies that 5% increase in unemployment lead to 23.5% decrease in economic growth, so also 5% decline in economic growth leads to 15.2% increase in unemployment rate. The study conclude that Okun’s law is valid in Kuje Area Council of Federal Capital Territory, Abuja-Nigeria, and supports by previous findings obtained in 2/3 of the literatures. To be achieved, the study recommended that unemployment need be urgently addressed. These could be done in several ways, take for example Nigeria’s educational system should be more practical and vocational than theoretical based on academic excellence, government should establish skill training centres, and provide non-interest credit services, in order to encourage investors to borrow, to be able to establish businesses that would bring about employment of youths.

This paper examines the history of Wunti Market in Bauchi Town from 1979 to 2010. It looks at the... more This paper examines the history of Wunti Market in Bauchi Town from 1979 to 2010. It looks at the physical characteristics of the market, the traders, the goods and services offered, the socio-economic and political impact of the market, and the changes that it has undergone over the years. It also explores the role that Wunti Market has played in the development of Bauchi Town and its surrounding communities. The oral tradition research described in this study was undertaken in order to supplement the inadequacy of written historical sources in reconstructing historical settlement of traders in the Wunti Market in Bauchi area within the past 1000 years. The central aim was to gain a better understanding of settlement occupation in the southern Bauchi region and consider how it related to wider economic, religious and social networks. Only very few archival sources were available, and no local manuscripts were known which might inform us on sociopolitical and economic systems during the period 1979-2010. Some sources existed to address the most recent history, going back about two hundred years, but they had obvious limitations; exaggerating events, diluting sense of time, and manipulating facts to suit group sympathy to the detriment of the general history of the peopling of the region. It should be appreciated, however, that ethnography and oral accounts have been extremely valuable in reconstructing the history of Bauchi emirate as well as the establishment of wunti market. It is worth observing that the contribution of this research has succeeded in laying a foundation for the understanding of wunti market past history, potentially working in tune with existing knowledge from other parts of northern Nigeria. Further historical studies should build on this to look at other areas in the modern Bauchi state for a proper understanding of the settlement systems and its implication for development of wunti market. This one year research is by no means conclusive - I recognise that more needs to be done in the application of oral tradition to contribute to the early history of Bauchi area. But the three sites described in this thesis add to what we know from a region, Bauchi that had been previously almost totally ignored by archaeologists. Ethno-archaeology, despite its odds, remains the best method for our drive at the past 1000years.

The study investigated the impact on social investment programmes specifically N-power on poverty... more The study investigated the impact on social investment programmes specifically N-power on poverty reduction among teeming youths in Nigeria. The study adopted mixed methods (both quantitative and qualitative) using descriptive-survey design. The sample of 400 beneficiaries were used. The quantitative data collected using questionnaire were analyzed using descriptive statistical method using SPSS V21, while qualitative data collected using Key informant interview (KII) were analyzed using thematic method. The finding of the study revealed that there was significant relationship between N-power and poverty reduction among youths in short-run. The result of the study revealed that there was no significant relationship between N-power and poverty reduction among youths in long-run. The study concludes that N-power has not achieved its primary objectives. corruption, delay of stipend, lack of sustainability plan, and inflation rate were the major challenges of SIPs in Nigeria. The study recommended for effective sustainability policy such as Exit Plan.

The study was carried out to examine the cause-effect relationship between monetary policy and fo... more The study was carried out to examine the cause-effect relationship between monetary policy and foreign trade in Nigeria between 1990 and 2021. Objectives: the study were to determine the impact of interest rate, money supply (M2) inflation rate, cash reserve ratio and exchange rate on foreign trade. Methods: The study adopted Descriptive statistics, Co-integration, Unit root test and Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method of analysis. The data used for this study were sourced from Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin, NBS report and World Bank Development Indicators. Pre-estimation tests were carried out on each of the variables using Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) unit root test to avoid spurious regression results. The cointegration test result showed that long-run equilibrium relationship exists between monetary policy and foreign trade in Nigeria. The empirical analysis was conducted using the methodology of Error Correction Model (ECM) approach. Results: Findings from the study revealed that money supply has a significant impact on foreign trade in Nigeria. The study however revealed that interest rates had no significant influence on foreign trade in Nigeria between 1990 and 2021. It was also discovered that exchange rate has a significant impact on foreign trade in Nigeria between 1990 and 2021. The finding of the study also revealed that high inflation rate negatively impacted on foreign trade in Nigeria. Conclusion: The study concludes that monetary policy negatively impacted on foreign trade in Nigeria between 1990 and 2021. Recommendations: The study thus recommends that there should be effective money supply management to achieve the objective of price stability by local manufactured goods that will aid balance of trade at the international market. The monetary authority should ensure that various policies are implemented to guarantee that the lending interest rate to the foreign traders is within a single digit, accessible, affordable and sustainable so as to ensure a greater trading activity in the foreign market. The Federal Government through the Central Bank of Nigeria should stabilize the foreign exchange market in order to minimize the volatility in the nominal effective exchange rate and boost growth and competitiveness of the real sector which will contribute positively and significantly to Foreign Trade.

This study examines the effect of exchange rate on household purchasing power in Nigeria over the... more This study examines the effect of exchange rate on household purchasing power in Nigeria over the period from 1990 to 2022. Annual time series data was utilized, obtained from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin and the World Bank Development Indicators. The primary objective was to assess the relationship between exchange rate fluctuations and household purchasing power, as measured by the Gross Domestic Product per capita based on purchasing power parity (PPP). Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression analysis was employed to analyze the data.The regression results revealed several key findings. Firstly, the constant term (C) had a coefficient of 6.343057, indicating a positive and significant impact on household purchasing power. Secondly, the exchange rate (LEXR) exhibited a negative relationship with household purchasing power, as evidenced by its coefficient of -0.180520, which was statistically significant. This implies that an increase in the exchange rate would lead to a decrease in household purchasing power.Furthermore, the interest rate (INTR) was found to have a positive effect on household purchasing power, with a coefficient of 0.012215 and a statistically significant impact. On the other hand, inflation rate (INFR) was not found to have a significant effect on household purchasing power, as its coefficient of -0.001103 was not statistically significant. Lastly, broad money supply (LM2) was positively associated with household purchasing power, with a coefficient of 0.298583 and a statistically significant impact.Based on the findings, the study proposes the following policy recommendations: prioritize exchange rate stability to maintain household purchasing power and mitigate price fluctuations, continue implementing monetary policies that promote high-interest rates to increase household purchasing power, control inflation through measures such as contractionary monetary policies to safeguard household purchasing power, aiming for a single-digit inflation target, and focus on policies that increase money supply to enhance household purchasing power.

The study investigated the parent’s attitude toward girl-child education. The study examined the ... more The study investigated the parent’s attitude toward girl-child education. The study examined the cultural and religious factors determining parents’ attitude toward girl child education in junior secondary schools; determined socio-economic factors affecting parents’ attitude toward girl child education in Junior Secondary school; examined the significant benefits of educating girl child in Kaltungo Local Government Area; assessed the effects of the problems of girl child education in Kaltungo Local Government Area. The study adopted quantitative method using triangulation design. The data were sourced from both primary and secondary data. Questionnaires were administered to sample involved 150 respondents consisting of 75 parents and 75 teachers from the above areas. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistic via SSPSS Version 21. The finding of the study revealed that parent has negative attitude toward girl-child education. The result of the study found out the cultural and traditional beliefs, religious practices, poverty, parent’s ignorance and insecurity were the major determinants of parent’s negative attitude toward girl-child education. The study recommended the need for free and compulsory girl-child education, gender laws and policy, and creating awareness on parents.

Background: Investing in young people’s human capital are the first priority to build up a health... more Background: Investing in young people’s human capital are the first priority to build up a healthy and knowledge-based economy, which can lift individuals, families and societies out of vicious cycles of poverty, hunger, reduce inequality, provides decent work and economic growth, promotes environmental sustainability, and help build more resilient, just and peaceful societies. Objectives: the study assessed the impacts of health (SDG3), education (SDG4) on human capacity development in Yenagoa; examined the challenges against the effective implementation and actualization of SDG3 and SDG4 in Yenagoa. Methods: the study adopted both qualitative and quantitative approach using triangulation mixed design. Purposive sampling technique was adopted. The sample size for the study was 400 participants. Questionnaire and oral in-depth interview were used. Hypothesizes were tested using chi-square. The data were analyzed using systematic analysis. Findings: the result of the study revealed that good health and quality education have direct positive impact on human capacity development. The study found out that corruption, poor funding and insecurity among others were the major impediment to the implementation and actualization of SDG3 and SDG4. Conclusion: the study concluded that human capital development shall be achieved in Yenagoa and Nigeria if the attention of the government is directed toward adequate funding of education and health sector Recommendations: the study recommended government should declare state of emergency and placed special priority in education and health sector

happen as far as Wuhan city in China could have impact in city such as Abuja in Nigeria. Objectiv... more happen as far as Wuhan city in China could have impact in city such as Abuja in Nigeria. Objectives: The study examined the impact of globalization on Nigeria's foreign policy (2010-2022). Method: The study adopted qualitative research approach using exploratory research design. Purposive sampling technique was employed. Samples of 50 participants were interviewed. The data collected were analyzed using both thematic and content analysis. Findings: The result of the study revealed that globalization has shaped Nigeria's foreign policy formulation between 2010 and 2022. The finding revealed that globalization has necessitated a shift in Nigeria's foreign policy from what used to be Africa centered policy to economic diplomacy and citizen centered policy (citizen diplomacy). Conclusion: the study concludes that globalization has eroded Nigeria's sovereignty, encourage the spreads of terrorism and proliferation of weapons, promotes Nigeria's dependency, encourages brain drain, promotes moral decadence, deepening inequality and poverty, causes economic and development crisis which negatively impacted on the achievement of Nigeria's foreign policy objectives. Recommendations: The study recommended the need for a paradigm shift to more pragmatic and realistic foreign policy that reflects the realities of contemporary domestic problems. Also, government should create conducive environment for the citizen to stay at home and creates job for teeming youths.

International Institute of Research Centre, 2024

Politics is said to be a game of numbers yet women’s numerical strength has not impacted positive... more Politics is said to be a game of numbers yet women’s numerical strength has not impacted positively on the political life and decision-making structures of the nation. In Nigeria, the agitation for equal opportunity and equitable distributions of positions to favour the women folk, has led to the 35% affirmative Actions. The objective of the study is to examine the challenges of National Gender Policy of 35% Affirmative Action for women political participation in Zaria LGA. The study adopted quantitative research approach using descriptive-survey design. Questionnaire and Key Informant Interview were used. Purposive sampling technique was adopted. Sample sizes of 400 respondents were utilized. Descriptive statistical technique using SPSS and content analysis were used to analyze primary data and secondary data respectively. Chi-square was used to test hypothesizes. Finding of the study revealed that there was low level of compliance to 35% Affirmative Action in Zaria LGA. The finding of the study also revealed that cultural and religious beliefs, poverty, lack of female education, cultural and dirty nature of politics, reproductive role of a woman, structure of party organization and timing for political meeting, sexual assault and charlatan attitude of male politicians, and societal attitude were the major challenges to the implementation of 35% AA in Zaria. The study concludes that there is significant relationship between low level of compliance of 35% AA and low level of women political participation in Zaria. The study recommended the needs for gender quota system, female leadership training, public awareness and above all free and compulsory female education and women empowerment.

Abstract Regrettably, elections from the first through the fourth republic were characterized by ... more Abstract
Regrettably, elections from the first through the fourth republic were characterized by electoral malpractices. To conduct free, fair and credible elections, electoral reforms were conducted. Objective: This study attempted to examine democracy and electoral reform in Nigeria from futuristic perspective. Method: the study adopted qualitative research approach. The data were collected using secondary sources. Data collected were analyzed using content analysis through thematic approach. Findings: The findings of the study revealed in since the rebirth of democracy in 1999, elections in Nigeria were marred by irregularities, ethnicity, money politics which posed threat to the sustenance of democracy. The finding of the study also revealed that from 1999 to 2018 there are five electoral reforms 2001, 2002, 2003, 2006 and 2010. The study also found-out that electoral reforms have not in any way improves the conduct of elections by INEC in Nigeria. The study found that lack of political will on the part of political class was the major challenges of electoral reform in Nigeria. Recommendation: EMBs may consider establishing formal consultation and dialogue mechanisms to provide an avenue for public inputs in reform processes. This will contribute to citizen participation and provide a sense of ownership

INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AFRICAN STUDIES, 2018

Today, social media have become a natural part of the everyday lives of people all over the world... more Today, social media have become a natural part of the everyday lives of people all over the world. More than 800 million people worldwide are members of the Facebook network while Twitter counts more than 200 million accounts in total. The study examined the influence and role played by social media in ensuring free, fair and credibility of 2015 presidential election in Nigeria. The 2015 presidential election marked a turning point in the history of Nigerian elections. The study adopted Uses and Gratification Theory. The study utilized only secondary sources of data. The data collected were analyzed using content analysis. The finding of the study revealed that the 2015 presidential election in Nigeria was free, fair, transparent and credible as acknowledged by the Local and Foreign observers. The 2015 presidential election mark the turning point in the history of Nigerian elections, where election was characterized with little irregularities. The study also found out that mal-function of the card readers in some units, inadequate electoral materials, lack of trained personnel and late arrival of material and electoral official among others were the major problems associated with 2015 presidential election in Nigeria. The study concludes that the success and credibility of the 2015 presidential election is attributed to the role of social media by reporting and covering every elections event before, during and after election. The social media platforms provide an accurate calculation of the election result before even INEC announced the winners. The study recommended that there is need for adequate awareness, social media censorship and legislation against hate speech in social media

ABSTRACT Background: The three well-established regional human rights systems (in Europe, the Ame... more ABSTRACT
Background: The three well-established regional human rights systems (in Europe, the Americas, and Africa) aim to provide access to individuals to a decision and remedy based on the violation of human rights in the founding treaties. It’s exactly 18years; 24years and 33 years after the establishment of African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights; European Court of Human Rights; and Inter-American Court of Human Rights respectively, but still but still the gross violation of human rights in the all the regions of the world continues unabated and the courts have only received and decided very few cases related to economic, social and cultural rights. Objective: On this basis, this study attempted to examine the challenges of admissibility of individual complaints of violation of human rights before regional rights courts. Method: qualitative research was adopted and content analysis was employed to analyze the data obtained from published materials. Results: the finding of the study revealed that poverty and illiteracy; states power to withdraw the rights of its citizens and NGOs to file complaints to the regional human rights courts; delay passage of judgments and caseloads; contradiction of national laws and regional laws; and lack of enforceable power were the challenges of admissibility of individual complaints of violation of human rights before regional rights courts. Conclusion: the study concludes that there is much need to be done to address the gross violation of human rights at the regional level. Recommendation: the enforceable power and compliance to the decision of the regional human rights courts need to be strengthen.

International Institute of Africa Studies, 2022

Conflict can be a serious problem if it is allowed to escalate as it could create chaotic conditi... more Conflict can be a serious problem if it is allowed to escalate as it could create chaotic conditions that make it nearly impossible for people to relate or live together peacefully. The role of traditional rulers in managing conflict and restoring peace and harmony within the community by ensuring that disputants and their respective supporters are reconciled becomes imperative. The study attempted to assess the role of traditional rulers in conflict management in Tafawa Balewa LGA of Bauchi state. Method: the study adopted quantitative research approach using survey design. Questionnaire was used to collected data from field survey. Chi-square was used to tested hypothesizes, and descriptive statistical technique was used to analyzed data collected. Findings: The study found that from 1991 to 2018, the Local Government experienced seven (7) conflicts as witnessed in 1991, 1995, 2001, 2005, 2010, 2011 and 2012. The finding of the study revealed that religious intolerance, leadership crisis between sayawa and Fulani for the traditional throne and tribalism were the major causes of conflict. The result of the study revealed that traditional rulers played a vital role in conflict management in Tafawa Balewa Local Government Area. The study further found that mediation and arbitration are the mechanisms used by traditional rulers for conflict management in Tafawa Balewa Local Government Area. The study also found that government work hand-in-hand with traditional rulers to managed conflict in Tafawa Balewa L.G.A. Recommendation: the study recommends that constitutional recognition of the role of traditional rulers, impartiality and neutrality of traditional rulers and justice and fairness can enhance the traditional rulers on conflict management in Tafawa Balewa in particular and Nigeria in general.

AFRICAN INSTITUTE OF RESEARCH CENTRE, 2024

International Institute of Research Centre, 2024

INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AFRICAN STUDIES, 2018

International Institute of Africa Studies, 2022

Journal of basic and clinical pharmacy, 2010

Metal ions have been reported to form chelate complexes with certain drug molecules especially th... more Metal ions have been reported to form chelate complexes with certain drug molecules especially those that contain ligand donor atoms. In this study, the in vitro availability of chloramphenicol in the presence of Pb and Cd was evaluated. These studies were carried out in simulated gastric juice (0.1M HCl) and intestinal pH (pH 9) at 37°C over period of 180 minutes. A double scanning UV/VIS spectrophotometer (Helios Zeta, Model 164617) was used to analyze drug content by measuring absorbance at 278 nm. An overall chloramphenicol availability of 89, 88.6 and 86% was achieved in simulated gastric juice for chloramphenicol alone, in the presence of Pb, and of Cd respectively. The corresponding availabilities observed in simulated intestinal pH were 82.5, 63.2 and 63.2%. The presence of Pb and Cd did not significantly affect the overall availability of chloramphenicol in simulated gastric juice. However, the availability of the drug was significantly decreased by Pb and Cd in simulated i...

Heavy metals have been shown to interact with various antibiotics resulting in differing spectrum... more Heavy metals have been shown to interact with various antibiotics resulting in differing spectrum of activity than that of the parent drug. In the present study the nature of antimicrobial activity exhibited by chloramphenicol in the presence of Cd, Cr, Mn and Zn at 37°C against S. typhii, S. aureus, E. coli, P. vulgaris and K. pneumoniae were evaluated. Broth dilution method of antimicrobial susceptibility testing was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of chloramphenicol against the organisms, while the cup-plate agar diffusion technique was used to quantify antimicrobial activity of the free drug and drug-metal mixtures. Results obtained for the interactions showed both decrease and increase in chloramphenicol activity depending on the type and concentration of the metal involved, and also on the organism. The resultant change in spectrum and profile of activity can result in unpredictable clinical efficacy of this drug and they should be avoided where possible.

Kashere Journal of Education

The paper is to examine relationship between perceived stress, and psychological distress facing ... more The paper is to examine relationship between perceived stress, and psychological distress facing nursing students in College of Nursing, Gombe state. The research design was correlation design. A Research question and one Null hypothesis was formulated to guide the study. The population was all nursing students of the College of nursing Gombe. The entire students were used without any sampling; this is because the students were not too large to be managed. ‘perceived stress scale, and ‘Kessler Psychological Distress Scale’ were adapted and used as Instruments for data collection. Two experts from the department of Educational Foundation Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi validated the two instruments. The internal consistency of the instruments showed Cronbach’s alpha of 0.75 for Emotional Intelligence scale, and 0.64 for Psychological Distress scale respectively. Two hundred and twenty-five (225) nursing students participated in the study. Male = 34 and female =191 (n=225). ...

Nigeria is rich in terms of energy resources, both renewables and non-renewables, which can provi... more Nigeria is rich in terms of energy resources, both renewables and non-renewables, which can provide the country's demand and long awaited ambition for sufficient and reliable electricity to all Nigerians. But unfortunately Nigeria's rate of electricity consumption per capita is among the lowest in Africa. This is associated with ineffective implementation of the energy policy in Nigeria. The objective of this paper is to presents a review of conventional and renewable energy to be used for constant and reliable electricity supply in the country. Conventional and renewable energy resources are discussed, also the current government policies are not left out. The challenges and forthcoming prospects of renewable energy are also discussed. Decentralized option of both conventional and renewable energy resources will enhance the welfare of rural communities and boost Nigeria's energy and economy.

Many Educational Establishments consumed a lot of electricity in order to perform their daily act... more Many Educational Establishments consumed a lot of electricity in order to perform their daily activities. The cost of the utility bill has been a major concern in the institution which can be manage and reduce significantly by implementing good energy audit. Energy efficiency and conservation can reduce the energy consumption and the resulting charges in the institution and provides a new platform for new investment in the educational institutes. Many reviews of energy auditing reveals in various student hostels shows that between 15-37% of their energy consumed can be adequately reduce to save the energy they consumed. This paper present a complete energy auditing for a student hostel (Suleiman Student Hostel) in Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. The intensive effort of the paper is to realize energy management and efficiency. The study objectives to show numerous prospects to produce and instrument an energy developmental plan in institutions. The overall auditing was checked and ap...

Journal of Life Sciences, 2016

This research study was carried out on the appraisal of some selected heavy metals and elements i... more This research study was carried out on the appraisal of some selected heavy metals and elements in Baobab tree leaves (Adonsonia digitata) grown in College of Agriculture, Maiduguri, north â€“ eastern Nigeria. The samples were collected, authenticated and prepared as described by Gwana, et al. [1]. Plant part materials were analysed in triplicate and the techniques applied were that of the methods as described by AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists) [2] and Ashiq, et al. [5]. The results obtained revealed that the presence of the seven selected metals and elements with their mean concentration levels were ranged from 0.3 to 81.0 mg / l; Â 81 mg / l, 0.84 mg / l, 0.04 mg / l, 0.61 mg / l, 0.68 mg / l, 0.3 mg / l, and 0.3 mg / l for Ca, Cd, Cr, K, Mn, Pb and Zn. While with regard to the mean percentage of their concentration were ranged from 0.4 % to 97.0 %; Ca had 97.0 %, Cd (1.0 %), Cr (0.05 %), K (0.73 %), Mn (0.81 %), Pb and Zn both had 0.4 % each. The magnitude of c...

This research study was conducted on the determinations of some heavy metals and elements in Mori... more This research study was conducted on the determinations of some heavy metals and elements in Moringao leifera leaves that were grown in Gulani town, North â€“ Eastern Nigeria. Fresh plant part materials were sampled and prepared as the method described by Gwana, et al. [1]. The prepared sampled were analysed by using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophptometric techniques as described by Association of Official Analytical Chemists [2].The study revealed the presence of heavy metals and elements determined and their mean concentration levels were ranged from 0.17 to 89.0 Âµg / l; Ca (89.0 Âµg / l), Cd (0.26 Âµg / l), Cr (0.17 Âµg / l), K (6.5 Âµg / l), Mn (0.68 Âµg / l), Pb (not detected) and Zn (0.32 Âµg / ). With regard to their percentage of concentration were ranged from 0.17 % to 91.8 %; Ca (91.8 %), Cd (0.27 %), Cr (0.17 %), K (6.7 %), Mn (0.68 %), Pb (0 %) and Zn (0.32 %) The magnitude of concentration levels of these elements detected in M. oleifera plant parts materialsâ€™ in se...

International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH, 2020

This research study focuses on the importance to evaluate the types and their quality, beneficial... more This research study focuses on the importance to evaluate the types and their quality, beneficial uses of waters in order to ascertain its assess, contaminations and the impacts of pollution. Study was conducted on Physico - microbiological examinations of domestic water used by the Community of College of Agriculture and its environs, Maiduguri. Methods used were that described by Cheesbrough [1], Gwana et al., [2], and AOAC [3]. 200 mls of water sample from 8 water stations (A to H) were each sampled. Results obtained revealed the colour, odour and taste of the water sampled were normal, except station E, which was brownish in colour and perceived fishy smelt and tasted salty, mean pH values ranged from of 6.6 to 8.2, mean temperature (OC) from ranged from 22.1 to 32.1 OC, mean turbidity (TU) from ranged from 1 to 4 TU. Microscopical examination of the water sampled in each of the stations using parasitological techniques; there was no protozoan cysts, protozoan trophozoites, hel...

Open Journal of Energy Efficiency, 2015

The electricity consumption in commercial places like universities has tremendously increased rec... more The electricity consumption in commercial places like universities has tremendously increased recently. Modern and advanced energy efficient appliances are highly needed to substitute the conventional ones. Energy saving is of great important instead of its wastage, as utilizing the energy efficiently reduces the cost of energy. Energy consumption varies for commercial building due to several factors such as electrical appliance usage, electrical appliance type, management, etc. Due to the advancement in technology, there are new emergence appliances that are of high efficiency and have less energy consumption. A case study is conducted on selected five tutorial rooms, level 4 buildings in the Faculty of Electrical Engineering 19 A, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. The paper proposes new emergence equipments with high efficiency and less power consumption to replace the existing ones. A survey is conducted on the number of electrical appliances used for each of the tutorial rooms, time table for each tutorial room and the Tenaga Nasional Berhad pricing and tariff are taken into consideration in the analysis of the energy consumption and the cost of energy. This paper aims at reducing the amount of energy consumption by replacing the existing electrical equipments with high efficient electrical equipments; it also tends to reduce the cost of energy paid to the utility. By observing the results, it shows that the proposed efficient electrical equipments are more efficient, less power consumption and less cost compared to the existing electrical equipments.

Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, 2015

This paper investigates the techno-economic analysis of standalone PV/wind hybrid system for remo... more This paper investigates the techno-economic analysis of standalone PV/wind hybrid system for remote household in North East (NE) region of India, where grid connectivity is not a feasible option. HOMER simulation software is used for sizing, optimization, and to perform the economical analysis of the hybrid system. Sensitivity analysis is carried out with solar radiation data, wind speed data, cost of PV and wind system for a 1 kW PV/wind hybrid system. The analysis is made on the assumption of an annual peak, scaled annual average, and the average load of 694 W, 3.95 kWh/day, and 0.165 kW, respectively, for a remote household. The optimal sizing, cost of electricity (COE), battery profile, and converter profile of PV/wind hybrid system for different NE states are presented in this paper. The outcome of this study shows that COE for the NE states is found to be in the range of 0.271-0.510 $/kWh, which is a acceptable margin and a hybrid PV/wind system will go a long way in addressing the shortage of power faced by a large section of the population on daily basis in the rural areas of the aforementioned region.

 Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose... more  Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research.  You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain  You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.

This paper discusses Libya’s interests in Chad which seems to be motivated by political, religiou... more This paper discusses Libya’s interests in Chad which seems to be motivated by political, religious and strategic considerations. France interests in Chad, being the mother country that colonised Chad and granted Chad’s independence in 1960, certainly has a number of interests to protect in that country which ranges from economic, socio-cultural, political, military and strategic considerations. United States interests in Chad are predicated on two factors, the question of former East-West rivalry and political and economic interests.Soviet Union (USSR) was a very strong supporter of Libya, and Libya seemed to be the chief surrogate of Soviet penetration in Africa. This was how USSR got involed in the conflict. In fact, there is no way the crisis in Chad can be finally settled without the settlement of the Aouzou strip occupation.

Fasting blood samples were collected from 120 diabetes mellitus subjects attending medical clinic... more Fasting blood samples were collected from 120 diabetes mellitus subjects attending medical clinic at Federal teaching hospital Gombe and apparently healthy subjects. The level of glycated hemoglobin was obtained for the samples and samples with glycated hemoglobin ≥7.0 were further analysed for antioxidant enzymes of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase.Level of lipid peroxidation marker; malondialdehyde was also determined.Malondialdehyde levels (μmol/L) assessedwere significantly increased (p< 0.05) in all diabetic groups compared to apparently healthy individuals (1.94± 0.22μmol/L), the results showed the level of antioxidant enzymes of SOD (u/ml) and CAT (u/ml) were decreased in the diabetics compared to apparently healthy individuals. However, the level of GPx determined in type 1 diabetics was significantly increased compared to apparently healthy individuals, but lower in type 2 and gestational diabetics. The results in this study confirmed that incre...

This study investigated the challenges facing the collection and distribution of educational data... more This study investigated the challenges facing the collection and distribution of educational data in F.C.T Educational institutions, Abuja, Nigeria. The researchers used descriptive research survey design for the study. The study comprised a population of one hundred and twenty (120) respondents which made up of data collection officers in the selected educational institutions across the FCT. Ten (10) data collection officers from each area council and ten (10) data collection officers from six departments/agencies/units within the ministries of education in Abuja were used in the study. Purposive, Stratified and systematic sampling technique was used to select the sample population from the educational institutions across Abuja. The reliability of the instrument was determined through the test re-test method. Data was collected by questionnaire and were analyzed using percentage and chi-square. The study led to the conclusion that inadequate funding, shortage of professional data ...

Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, 2020

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2012

Background: Alternative treatments for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) are required in East Africa. P... more Background: Alternative treatments for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) are required in East Africa. Paromomycin sulphate (PM) has been shown to be efficacious for VL treatment in India. Methods: A multi-centre randomized-controlled trial (RCT) to compare efficacy and safety of PM (20 mg/kg/day for 21 days) and PM plus sodium stibogluconate (SSG) combination (PM, 15 mg/kg/day and SSG, 20 mg/kg/day for 17 days) with SSG (20 mg/kg/day for 30 days) for treatment of VL in East Africa. Patients aged 4-60 years with parasitologically confirmed VL were enrolled, excluding patients with contraindications. Primary and secondary efficacy outcomes were parasite clearance at 6-months follow-up and end of treatment, respectively. Safety was assessed mainly using adverse event (AE) data. Findings: The PM versus SSG comparison enrolled 205 patients per arm with primary efficacy data available for 198 and 200 patients respectively. The SSG & PM versus SSG comparison enrolled 381 and 386 patients per arm respectively, with primary efficacy data available for 359 patients per arm. In Intention-to-Treat complete-case analyses, the efficacy of PM was significantly lower than SSG (84.3% versus 94.1%, difference = 9.7%, 95% confidence interval, CI: 3.6 to 15.7%, p = 0.002). The efficacy of SSG & PM was comparable to SSG (91.4% versus 93.9%, difference = 2.5%, 95% CI: 21.3 to 6.3%, p = 0.198). End of treatment efficacy results were very similar. There were no apparent differences in the safety profile of the three treatment regimens. Conclusion: The 17 day SSG & PM combination treatment had a good safety profile and was similar in efficacy to the standard 30 day SSG treatment, suggesting suitability for VL treatment in East Africa.

Journal of Politics and Law, 2013

Administrative justice is generally seen as a component of good governance. While the former has ... more Administrative justice is generally seen as a component of good governance. While the former has developed in Nigeria largely through the Common Law, the latter is a relatively emerging ideal that has eluded public administration in Nigeria. For decades, corruption and maladministration have become the central problems facing the country. The people have suffered and are still suffering from the consequences of poor governance. This article examines administrative justice as an element of good governance in Nigeria. It demonstrates that the problems are the results of misuse of administrative discretion at all levels of government and the lack of sufficient accountability mechanisms. Although efforts have been made to address these problems through legal and intitutional reforms, however, the problems still persist. Using these twin concepts of administrative justice and good governance, this article argues that the legal and institutional reforms undertaken to address the problems have not been effective because they failed to approach the problems from the 'inside-out'. The article partly attributes the failure of the reforms to the restrictive approach in administrative justice, a 'top-bottom' approach bequethed by the common law and incorporated into the general legal and constitutional arrangement in the country. While advocating for a 'bottom-up' approach which constrains the exercise of administrative discretion at all levels, from the individual 'street level bureaucrat' to the top government official, the article proposes the institutionalisation of democratic values of checks and balance, oppenness, transperancy and accountability in decision-taking such that official discretion may be reasonably constrained without jeopardising administrative efficiency.

International Journal of Information and Communication Technology, 2010

E-procurement is constantly receiving lot of attention from industries, and government agencies. ... more E-procurement is constantly receiving lot of attention from industries, and government agencies. Analysts believe that utilization of e-procurement can lead to enormous cost saving and efficiency in procurement process. Though, e-procurement has benefited the global business tremendously, its expected growth rate has been moving downwards. The present study explores how the benefits and risks associated to e-procurement affect the e-procurement implementation. The differences and similarities among firms in different setting are also investigated. By using Swedish and Indian firms, the results show that cost benefit is the main driver for companies to implement e-procurement. The problems of implementation and integration of existing infrastructure are holding back companies from implementing e-procurement. But benefits are overpowering risks and companies are moving toward more aggressive strategic approach of implementing e-procurement. Finally, e-procurement is typically used for buying indirect material and the buyer side model is most dominated in industry.

Fulani herdsmen and farmers conflicts have remained one of the most predominate conflict in Niger... more Fulani herdsmen and farmers conflicts have remained one of the most predominate conflict in Nigeria. This study examined the impact of herdsmen-farmers conflict on agro-businesses in Nigeria. The study relied on both primary and secondary sources of data. It employed frustration-aggression theory and conflict theory. The findings of the study revealed that the necessity to provide food crops and animal products, as well as raw materials for industry and export in order to meet ever-growing demands, has led to extensive use of land. The competition between these two agricultural land user-groups, however, has often times turned into serious hostilities and social friction in many parts of Nigeria. This study describes the traditional relationship between Fulani herdsmen and farmers in the incessant resource conflicts witnessed in Nigeria and how it affects security of those involved and resource sustainability for the local communities. The study concluded that access to land is one of the major causes of conflict, government should review existing laws as it relates to accessibility to land by members of the community. It recommends that government must make herdsmen to keep to agreed routes and farmers avoid farming across grazing reserves among others.

Academic Research, 2023

INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF RESEARCH CENTRE, 2022

ABSTRACT The focus of this study is to examine the role of NPF in conflict management in FCT, Abu... more ABSTRACT
The focus of this study is to examine the role of NPF in conflict management in FCT, Abuja. The study adopted qualitative research. Structured in-depth interview and focus group discussion were used to obtained relevant information from the sample of 25 respondents across 6 area councils: Abaji, Abuja Municipal, Bwari, Gwagwalada, Kwali and Kuje. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. This study was anchored by structural-functionalist theory as the theoretical framework due to its importance on conflict management. Findings of the study revealed that the nature of relationship between the police and the public which is negative has had adverse effect on police performance in relation to conflict prevention and control. The result of the study revealed that the NPF has failed to perform its primary role of conflict prevention and control. The study found that the police rely heavily on the use of torture to elicit “confessions” from arrestees. The study observed that the NPF’s conflicts management mechanisms are ineffective due to the police corruption, poor working condition, poor remuneration, lack of funding, lack of modern equipment, and shortage of man-power among others. As a consequence, peace, development and stability have been negatively affected resulting in backwardness in growth and development in Nigeria. The study recommends that there should be clear, concise or established standards which should guide the conducts and operation of police in Nigeria.

INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF RESEARCH CENTRE, 2022

Background: victims of gunshot in Nigeria have for a long time found it very difficult to get pro... more Background: victims of gunshot in Nigeria have for a long time found it very difficult to get prompt medical attention in healthcare centres all over the country; this is occasioned by the practice of demanding for a police report from injured persons before they can be given medical attention. On this basis, compulsory Treatment and Care for Victims of Gunshot Act was signed in January, 2018, to address the problem. Objectives: to examine the level of compliance of the Act by Nigeria’s Healthcare institutions; to examine the strengths and weakness of the Act and its implication on Nigeria’s healthcare; to examine medico-legal cases between victims of gunshot and Nigeria’s hospitals; to proffer solutions to address problems associated with the Act and ensure effective implementation of the Act. Methodology: qualitative research was adopted. Relevant Journal/articles, text books, newspapers and electronic materials were reviewed using thematic method. Content analysis was used. Results: the finding of the study revealed that the Act is not fully complied by majority of the Nigeria’s hospitals. The result found that Nigeria’s hospital particularly private rejected the victims of gunshot on the ground of police report and medical bills. Conclusion: despite of its deficiencies, the provisions of the Act are laudable, if fully implemented, it would reduce the increasing number of avoidable deaths resulting from the victims of gunshot in Nigeria. Recommendations: public awareness, effective implementation, and setting up commission for supervision, investigation and payment of medical bills for the victims of gunshot. Finally, the provisions of the Act should be amends to bridge the gaps raise in this paper.
Key words: Gunshot wounds; Medical Personnel; Hospital; Police; Act

I DOUBT THAT anybody at the time could have guessed the magnitude of what was about to happen. Wh... more I DOUBT THAT anybody at the time could have guessed the magnitude of what was about to happen. Who would have forecast that the very type of togetherness we were reveling in at those events was, in fact, on the verge of sudden extinction? Who knew a global pandemic would force us to abruptly give up things like casual hugs, unmasked smiles, and easy interactions with strangers, and, far worse, trigger an extended period of pain, loss, and uncertainty that would touch every corner of the world? If we'd known, would we have done anything differently? I have no idea. I ORIGINALLY CONCEIVED of this book as something that would offer a form of companionship to readers going through periods of flux-useful and steadying, I hoped, for anyone entering a new phase of life, whether that phase is marked by a graduation or a divorce, a career change or a medical diagnosis, the birth of a child or the death of someone close. My idea was that I'd be looking at flux primarily from the outside, examining the challenges of fear and uncertainty from a survivor's remove, speaking as someone who-approaching the age of sixty-had managed to safely pass through it. I should have known better, of course. The past several years have thrown all of us into deep flux and kept us there largely without relief. It's unlike anything many of us have ever experienced, since most people my age and younger haven't lived through a global pandemic, or bombs falling in Europe, or a time when women didn't have the fundamental right to make informed decisions about their own bodies. We've been relatively sheltered. And now we are less so. Uncertainty continues to soak itself into nearly every corner of life, manifesting in ways that are as broad as the threat of nuclear war and as intimate as the sound of your own child beginning to cough. Our institutions have been shaken, our systems have faltered; people who work in healthcare and education have been stressed beyond measure. Young adults are reporting unprecedented rates of loneliness, anxiety, and depression. We are struggling to know who and what to trust, where to put our faith. And the hurt will surely stay with us. Researchers estimate that more than 7.9 million children around the globe have lost a mother, father, or custodial grandparent to COVID-19. In the United States, more than a quarter million children-most of them from communities of color-have experienced the death of a primary or secondary caregiver due to the virus. It feels impossible to imagine the impact of any of this-all those pillars of support now gone. S CHAPTER ONE THE POWER OF SMALL OMETIMES YOU RECOGNIZE a tool only after it starts working for you. And sometimes, it turns out, the smallest of tools can help us to sort through the largest of feelings. I learned this a couple of years ago when I mail-ordered myself some knitting needles without quite realizing what I needed them for. This was during the first fraught weeks of the pandemic, and I was in our house in Washington, D.C. I'd been online-shopping in a scattershot way, laying in things like board games and art supplies on top of food and toilet paper, unsure of how anything would go, fully and sheepishly aware that impulse shopping is a classic American response to uncertainty. I was still trying to wrap my head around the fact that in what felt like an instant we'd gone from "normal life" to a full-scale global emergency. I was still trying to wrap my head around the fact that hundreds of millions of people were suddenly and seriously in harm's way. And that the safest, most helpful thing the rest of us could do at the time was to sit quietly at home. Day after day, I stared at the news, struck by the acute unfairness of our world. It was embedded in the headlines, in the job losses, in the death counts, and in the neighborhoods where ambulances screamed loudest. I read articles about hospital workers who were scared to go home after their shifts, afraid that they might infect their own families. I saw images of morgue trucks parked on city streets, concert venues being converted into field hospitals. We knew so little and feared so much. Everything felt big. Everything felt consequential. Everything was big. Everything was consequential. Lastly, to my family and to the rest of my Kitchen Table: Your love and sturdiness are immeasurable and have kept me grounded and hopeful during these strange and uncertain times. Thank you for always getting me through.

LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA Classics of strategy and counsel. Selections. ... more LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA Classics of strategy and counsel. Selections. The art of war: complete texts and commentaries/translated by Thomas Cleary.-1st. ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references.

Continuum International Research Institute , 2021

masinboko@gmail.com or call 08065388408 PREFACE Gombe state was lu... more masinboko@gmail.com or call 08065388408
PREFACE
Gombe state was lucky to have had Danjuma Goje. In 2003, Goje became the Governor with overwhelming support from the people. His government had no legitimacy crisis just as he also identified with the needs of the people. He embarked on massive developmental projects. Goje was a charismatic and selfless leader who did not allow private motive to dominate his public life and this automatically endeared him to the people. Goje not only informed, instructed but also persuaded the people to a common objective and the people willingly followed him, knowing that doing so was for their own good. Danjuma Goje was succeeded by former Accountant General of the Federation, Dr. Ibrahim Hassan Dankwambo. There was no succession dispute and Goje lived up to expectation as he did not disappoint either his successor or the people. Goje laid a solid foundation for other leaders in Gombe to build on.
Goje is an exemplary, visionary, selfless, courageous and a transformational leader. When he was in power in the western region, some of his numerous achievements include establishment of Gombe state University, School of Nursing and Mid-wife, Federal University Kashere, Gombe State Transport Corporation, Gombe State International Airport later renamed as Sani Abacha International Airport, Ultra-Modern Pantami Township Stadium, Gombe International Hotel, provision of safe, clean and portable water, constant and stable electricity, creation of 9000 jobs, construction and renovation of over 200 schools as well as free and compulsory primary education, roads networks among others.As we have pointed out earlier, the singular job of a leader is to lead which implies giving the people the vision that is needed for them to move from where they are to where they ought to be. Leadership is a herculean task but it is possible only for those who understand the nitty-gritty that is involved in it.