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Papers by Dr.Apurba Patra MD, DNB, MNAMS

Research paper thumbnail of Medical Faculty Perspectives Toward Cadaveric Dissection as a Learning Tool for Anatomy Education: A Survey Study in India

Cureus

Cadaveric dissection, as a learning tool, has been a part of Indian medical education. Worldwide,... more Cadaveric dissection, as a learning tool, has been a part of Indian medical education. Worldwide, with reforms in medical education and the introduction of new learning modalities, cadaveric dissection has been complemented with other modalities such as living anatomy and virtual anatomy. This study aims to collect the feedback of faculty members regarding the role of dissection in the present context of medical education. The method of the study involved a 32-item questionnaire to collect responses; they were collected using the 5-point Likert scale along with two open-ended questions. In general, the closed questions covered these sections: learning styles, interpersonal skills, teaching and learning, dissection, and other learning modes. The principal component analysis was used to explore the multivariate relationships among the items' perceptions. The multivariate regression analysis was conducted between the construct and the latent variable to develop the structural equation model. Four themes, PC1 (learning ability with structural orientation), PC2 (interpersonal skill), PC3 (multimedia-virtual tool), and PC5 (associated factors) had positive relation and were treated as a latent variable motivation for dissection, and theme 4 (PC4, safety) had a negative correlation and was treated as a latent variable repulsion for dissection. It was found that the dissection room is an important place for learning clinical and personal skills, along with empathy, in anatomy education. Safety issues and implementation of stress-coping activities during the induction phase are required. There is also a need to use mixed-method approaches that integrate technologyenhanced learning such as virtual anatomy, living anatomy, and radiological anatomy with cadaveric dissection.

Research paper thumbnail of Students’ Perception of Newly Experimented “Rangoli Art” in Anatomy Education: A Pilot Study

Research paper thumbnail of Will artificial intelligence assume a role in anatomy education?

National Journal of Clinical Anatomy

Research paper thumbnail of Professional advancement in medical institutions: Should research and publications be prioritized over teaching?

National Journal of Clinical Anatomy

Research paper thumbnail of Cadaveric dissection in Anatomical science education: Then and now

Research paper thumbnail of Reply to: Do virtual dissection tables add benefit to cadaver-based anatomy education? An evaluation

Research paper thumbnail of Effectiveness of 3D-printed models prepared from radiological data for anatomy education: A meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of 22 randomized, controlled, crossover trials

Journal of Education and Health Promotion

Research paper thumbnail of Medical education amid pandemic: challenges and opportunities

Academia Letters, 2021

Since face-to-face teaching learning has been abandoned for last 1 and half years, students are f... more Since face-to-face teaching learning has been abandoned for last 1 and half years, students are facing uncertainty and feeling insecure about their future. For many, it's been tough time. Till now they are managing somehow but if the pandemic persists, as of now, with waves of localized outbreaks, students would likely need to switch between in-person and online teaching, with blend of the two for a long way. This demands vigorous teaching strategies and support systems. So, what students feel about how COVID-19 is changing their education matters. Here's a glimpse of the difficulties medical undergraduates is facing and the possible potential ways to tackle them.

Research paper thumbnail of Teacher or Researcher: Who Comes First in Medical Academia?

Research paper thumbnail of Advances in Microscopy and Its Applications with Special Reference to Fluorescence Microscope: An Overview

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 2023

Research paper thumbnail of Reappraisal of the anatomical diversity of the pyramidalis muscle with its substantial clinical applicability: Cadaveric analysis

Purpose: The study aimed to analyze the anatomical diversity of the pyramidalis muscle (PM), thei... more Purpose: The study aimed to analyze the anatomical diversity of the pyramidalis muscle (PM), their association with sex, laterality and possible role in muscle biomechanics. Materials & Methods: 51 formalin-fixed cadavers (36 males and 15 females) were examined for PM. Based on the mode of insertion or the level of apex, the formation of the muscle was classified into nine patterns. Observations: PM was more prevalent bilaterally (39.21%) than unilaterally (1.96%) (p=0.001) and more frequently in males (41.67%) than in females (40%). (p>0.05). Side symmetry was detected except in one case and Type 7 was the most common form. The mean length of PM in males and females was 4.51±0.14 and 3.33±0.12 cm on the right and 4.51±0.11 and 3.26±0.16 cm on the left side. The mean width of right-sided PMs in males and females was 1.90±0.17 and 1.58±0.13 cm and left-sided 1.88±0.14 and 1.55±0.38 cm. mean of Pyramidalis-puboumbilical index (PPI) in males and females was 32.82±1.65 and 27.50±1.08...

Research paper thumbnail of Moynihan’s hump of the right hepatic artery in Calot’s triangle: a systematic review and meta-analysis of its incidence and surgical importance

Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy

Research paper thumbnail of Visualization in Anatomy Education

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 2023

Research paper thumbnail of The Reliability of Kaplan’s Cardinal Line as a Potential Surface Marker for the Superficial Palmar Arch During Carpal Tunnel Release: An Anatomical Study With Surgical Perspective

Research paper thumbnail of Management of Lateral Epicondylitis: A Prospective Comparative Study Comparing the Local Infiltrations of Leucocyte Enriched Platelet-Rich Plasma (L-aPRP), Glucocorticoid and Normal Saline

Malaysian Orthopaedic Journal

Introduction: Lateral epicondylitis is a painful condition of the elbow, characterised by pain an... more Introduction: Lateral epicondylitis is a painful condition of the elbow, characterised by pain and tenderness with resisted wrist extension. This study was carried out to evaluate the comparative efficacy of the local infiltration of L-PRP, methylprednisolone and normal saline in patients with lateral epicondylitis. Materials and methods: Sixty adult patients, between the ages 30 to 50 years, diagnosed with lateral epicondylitis of more than 12 weeks, were enrolled in the prospective randomised study. Their medical history and previous conservative treatment were recorded; the clinical evaluation of the tendinitis was made with the visual analogue scale (VAS), the disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH) outcome scores, the modified elbow performance index (MEPS), the functional assessment by patient-rated tennis elbow evaluation (PRTEE), together with the laboratory investigations. The patients were randomised using the computer-generated alphabets into three groups of 20: group A received saline, group B received PRP, and group C received corticosteroids. Results: Patients were seen at 4, 8 and 12 weeks to evaluate the post-injection status. VAS, DASH, and PRTEE scores were significantly reduced, and MEPS was significantly improved in group B compared to group A and group C. Moreover, the reductions in VAS and PRTEE were significantly different in group C compared to group A. Conclusion: PRP leads to superior healing with long-term therapeutic advantages compared to corticosteroids though it takes a little longer to have its effect.

Research paper thumbnail of Reflections and insights on the Burden of COVID-19 on various facets of medical education, research, and training: An evaluation in the postpandemic era

National Journal of Clinical Anatomy

Research paper thumbnail of The Prevalence, Location, and Dimensions Of Interthalamic Adhesions and Their Clinical Significance: Corpse Brain Analysis

Asian Journal of Neurosurgery

Background Interthalamic adhesion (ITA) or massa intermedia is a midline rod-like neural structur... more Background Interthalamic adhesion (ITA) or massa intermedia is a midline rod-like neural structure interconnecting the medial surfaces of two thalami. Its absence is considered as a midline defect associated with schizophrenia spectrum disorder. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence, location, and dimensions of the ITA in South Asian brains. Materials and Methods One hundred midsagittal sections of adult cadaveric brains were examined for the presence or absence of ITAs, their location about the lateral wall of the third ventricle, and their dimensions. Results ITA was found in 86 sections. In two cases, it was double. There was no significant relationship between the incidence of ITAs and sex (p > 0.05). The ITA was most commonly located in the anterosuperior quadrant. The horizontal diameter was 4.61 ± 1.17 mm, and the vertical diameter was 3.10 ± 0.78 mm. In all cases, the horizontal diameter was longer than the vertical. The average area of the ITA was significa...

Research paper thumbnail of The potential scope of a humanoid robot in anatomy education: a review of a unique proposal

Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy

Research paper thumbnail of Identification of valid anatomical landmarks to locate and protect recurrent laryngeal nerve during thyroid surgery: A cadaveric study

Purpose Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) is the most critical structure in terms of intricacy. Ana... more Purpose Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) is the most critical structure in terms of intricacy. Anatomic variations of the nerve may further make thyroid surgery cumbersome. The present study was undertaken to provide comprehensive knowledge about the soundness of commonly used anatomical landmarks such as Berry's ligament (BL), tracheoesophageal groove (TEG), inferior thyroid artery (ITA) and the midpoint of the posterior border of the thyroid gland in the identification of the nerve intraoperatively. Methods Thirty adult cadavers were dissected to identify the RLN in the neck and to locate it in relation to the aforementioned anatomical landmarks. Results The RLN/BL relationship: RLN was most often located superficial to the BL (88.3%), followed by deep to the BL in 8.4%, and piercing the BL in 3.3% of cases, respectively. The RLN/TEG relationship: the RLN was located inside the TEG in most cases (71.7%), followed by RLN lying outside the TEG in 28.3%. Outside the groove, it was...

Research paper thumbnail of A study to assess anxiety, stress and depression among private medical practitioners during COVID-19 pandemic: An observational study

Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology

Objectives: This study aims to assess the magnitude of anxiety, stress, and depression among priv... more Objectives: This study aims to assess the magnitude of anxiety, stress, and depression among private practitioners during the COVID pandemic 2020. Materials and Methods: A descriptive, observational and cross-sectional study was done using a semi-structured questionnaire through electronic media in the form of Google Forms. Patient health questionnaire 4 (PHQ-4) and Perceived Stress Scale-10 were incorporated into the questionnaire to assess the psychological status in November 2020. Results: A total of 157 private practitioners participated in the study. Males constituted 60%. Participants have mean age (SD) of 44.2 (6.9) years with work experience and a mean (SD) of 16.3 (6.78) years. The anxiety and depression subscales of the PHQ-4 scale showed that 54.7% of the private practitioners have anxiety subscale ≥3 and 28% have depression subscale >3 needing further psychiatric evaluation. Significant predictors of anxiety and depression were female gender, younger and less experien...

Research paper thumbnail of Medical Faculty Perspectives Toward Cadaveric Dissection as a Learning Tool for Anatomy Education: A Survey Study in India

Cureus

Cadaveric dissection, as a learning tool, has been a part of Indian medical education. Worldwide,... more Cadaveric dissection, as a learning tool, has been a part of Indian medical education. Worldwide, with reforms in medical education and the introduction of new learning modalities, cadaveric dissection has been complemented with other modalities such as living anatomy and virtual anatomy. This study aims to collect the feedback of faculty members regarding the role of dissection in the present context of medical education. The method of the study involved a 32-item questionnaire to collect responses; they were collected using the 5-point Likert scale along with two open-ended questions. In general, the closed questions covered these sections: learning styles, interpersonal skills, teaching and learning, dissection, and other learning modes. The principal component analysis was used to explore the multivariate relationships among the items' perceptions. The multivariate regression analysis was conducted between the construct and the latent variable to develop the structural equation model. Four themes, PC1 (learning ability with structural orientation), PC2 (interpersonal skill), PC3 (multimedia-virtual tool), and PC5 (associated factors) had positive relation and were treated as a latent variable motivation for dissection, and theme 4 (PC4, safety) had a negative correlation and was treated as a latent variable repulsion for dissection. It was found that the dissection room is an important place for learning clinical and personal skills, along with empathy, in anatomy education. Safety issues and implementation of stress-coping activities during the induction phase are required. There is also a need to use mixed-method approaches that integrate technologyenhanced learning such as virtual anatomy, living anatomy, and radiological anatomy with cadaveric dissection.

Research paper thumbnail of Students’ Perception of Newly Experimented “Rangoli Art” in Anatomy Education: A Pilot Study

Research paper thumbnail of Will artificial intelligence assume a role in anatomy education?

National Journal of Clinical Anatomy

Research paper thumbnail of Professional advancement in medical institutions: Should research and publications be prioritized over teaching?

National Journal of Clinical Anatomy

Research paper thumbnail of Cadaveric dissection in Anatomical science education: Then and now

Research paper thumbnail of Reply to: Do virtual dissection tables add benefit to cadaver-based anatomy education? An evaluation

Research paper thumbnail of Effectiveness of 3D-printed models prepared from radiological data for anatomy education: A meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of 22 randomized, controlled, crossover trials

Journal of Education and Health Promotion

Research paper thumbnail of Medical education amid pandemic: challenges and opportunities

Academia Letters, 2021

Since face-to-face teaching learning has been abandoned for last 1 and half years, students are f... more Since face-to-face teaching learning has been abandoned for last 1 and half years, students are facing uncertainty and feeling insecure about their future. For many, it's been tough time. Till now they are managing somehow but if the pandemic persists, as of now, with waves of localized outbreaks, students would likely need to switch between in-person and online teaching, with blend of the two for a long way. This demands vigorous teaching strategies and support systems. So, what students feel about how COVID-19 is changing their education matters. Here's a glimpse of the difficulties medical undergraduates is facing and the possible potential ways to tackle them.

Research paper thumbnail of Teacher or Researcher: Who Comes First in Medical Academia?

Research paper thumbnail of Advances in Microscopy and Its Applications with Special Reference to Fluorescence Microscope: An Overview

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 2023

Research paper thumbnail of Reappraisal of the anatomical diversity of the pyramidalis muscle with its substantial clinical applicability: Cadaveric analysis

Purpose: The study aimed to analyze the anatomical diversity of the pyramidalis muscle (PM), thei... more Purpose: The study aimed to analyze the anatomical diversity of the pyramidalis muscle (PM), their association with sex, laterality and possible role in muscle biomechanics. Materials & Methods: 51 formalin-fixed cadavers (36 males and 15 females) were examined for PM. Based on the mode of insertion or the level of apex, the formation of the muscle was classified into nine patterns. Observations: PM was more prevalent bilaterally (39.21%) than unilaterally (1.96%) (p=0.001) and more frequently in males (41.67%) than in females (40%). (p>0.05). Side symmetry was detected except in one case and Type 7 was the most common form. The mean length of PM in males and females was 4.51±0.14 and 3.33±0.12 cm on the right and 4.51±0.11 and 3.26±0.16 cm on the left side. The mean width of right-sided PMs in males and females was 1.90±0.17 and 1.58±0.13 cm and left-sided 1.88±0.14 and 1.55±0.38 cm. mean of Pyramidalis-puboumbilical index (PPI) in males and females was 32.82±1.65 and 27.50±1.08...

Research paper thumbnail of Moynihan’s hump of the right hepatic artery in Calot’s triangle: a systematic review and meta-analysis of its incidence and surgical importance

Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy

Research paper thumbnail of Visualization in Anatomy Education

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 2023

Research paper thumbnail of The Reliability of Kaplan’s Cardinal Line as a Potential Surface Marker for the Superficial Palmar Arch During Carpal Tunnel Release: An Anatomical Study With Surgical Perspective

Research paper thumbnail of Management of Lateral Epicondylitis: A Prospective Comparative Study Comparing the Local Infiltrations of Leucocyte Enriched Platelet-Rich Plasma (L-aPRP), Glucocorticoid and Normal Saline

Malaysian Orthopaedic Journal

Introduction: Lateral epicondylitis is a painful condition of the elbow, characterised by pain an... more Introduction: Lateral epicondylitis is a painful condition of the elbow, characterised by pain and tenderness with resisted wrist extension. This study was carried out to evaluate the comparative efficacy of the local infiltration of L-PRP, methylprednisolone and normal saline in patients with lateral epicondylitis. Materials and methods: Sixty adult patients, between the ages 30 to 50 years, diagnosed with lateral epicondylitis of more than 12 weeks, were enrolled in the prospective randomised study. Their medical history and previous conservative treatment were recorded; the clinical evaluation of the tendinitis was made with the visual analogue scale (VAS), the disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH) outcome scores, the modified elbow performance index (MEPS), the functional assessment by patient-rated tennis elbow evaluation (PRTEE), together with the laboratory investigations. The patients were randomised using the computer-generated alphabets into three groups of 20: group A received saline, group B received PRP, and group C received corticosteroids. Results: Patients were seen at 4, 8 and 12 weeks to evaluate the post-injection status. VAS, DASH, and PRTEE scores were significantly reduced, and MEPS was significantly improved in group B compared to group A and group C. Moreover, the reductions in VAS and PRTEE were significantly different in group C compared to group A. Conclusion: PRP leads to superior healing with long-term therapeutic advantages compared to corticosteroids though it takes a little longer to have its effect.

Research paper thumbnail of Reflections and insights on the Burden of COVID-19 on various facets of medical education, research, and training: An evaluation in the postpandemic era

National Journal of Clinical Anatomy

Research paper thumbnail of The Prevalence, Location, and Dimensions Of Interthalamic Adhesions and Their Clinical Significance: Corpse Brain Analysis

Asian Journal of Neurosurgery

Background Interthalamic adhesion (ITA) or massa intermedia is a midline rod-like neural structur... more Background Interthalamic adhesion (ITA) or massa intermedia is a midline rod-like neural structure interconnecting the medial surfaces of two thalami. Its absence is considered as a midline defect associated with schizophrenia spectrum disorder. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence, location, and dimensions of the ITA in South Asian brains. Materials and Methods One hundred midsagittal sections of adult cadaveric brains were examined for the presence or absence of ITAs, their location about the lateral wall of the third ventricle, and their dimensions. Results ITA was found in 86 sections. In two cases, it was double. There was no significant relationship between the incidence of ITAs and sex (p > 0.05). The ITA was most commonly located in the anterosuperior quadrant. The horizontal diameter was 4.61 ± 1.17 mm, and the vertical diameter was 3.10 ± 0.78 mm. In all cases, the horizontal diameter was longer than the vertical. The average area of the ITA was significa...

Research paper thumbnail of The potential scope of a humanoid robot in anatomy education: a review of a unique proposal

Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy

Research paper thumbnail of Identification of valid anatomical landmarks to locate and protect recurrent laryngeal nerve during thyroid surgery: A cadaveric study

Purpose Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) is the most critical structure in terms of intricacy. Ana... more Purpose Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) is the most critical structure in terms of intricacy. Anatomic variations of the nerve may further make thyroid surgery cumbersome. The present study was undertaken to provide comprehensive knowledge about the soundness of commonly used anatomical landmarks such as Berry's ligament (BL), tracheoesophageal groove (TEG), inferior thyroid artery (ITA) and the midpoint of the posterior border of the thyroid gland in the identification of the nerve intraoperatively. Methods Thirty adult cadavers were dissected to identify the RLN in the neck and to locate it in relation to the aforementioned anatomical landmarks. Results The RLN/BL relationship: RLN was most often located superficial to the BL (88.3%), followed by deep to the BL in 8.4%, and piercing the BL in 3.3% of cases, respectively. The RLN/TEG relationship: the RLN was located inside the TEG in most cases (71.7%), followed by RLN lying outside the TEG in 28.3%. Outside the groove, it was...

Research paper thumbnail of A study to assess anxiety, stress and depression among private medical practitioners during COVID-19 pandemic: An observational study

Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology

Objectives: This study aims to assess the magnitude of anxiety, stress, and depression among priv... more Objectives: This study aims to assess the magnitude of anxiety, stress, and depression among private practitioners during the COVID pandemic 2020. Materials and Methods: A descriptive, observational and cross-sectional study was done using a semi-structured questionnaire through electronic media in the form of Google Forms. Patient health questionnaire 4 (PHQ-4) and Perceived Stress Scale-10 were incorporated into the questionnaire to assess the psychological status in November 2020. Results: A total of 157 private practitioners participated in the study. Males constituted 60%. Participants have mean age (SD) of 44.2 (6.9) years with work experience and a mean (SD) of 16.3 (6.78) years. The anxiety and depression subscales of the PHQ-4 scale showed that 54.7% of the private practitioners have anxiety subscale ≥3 and 28% have depression subscale >3 needing further psychiatric evaluation. Significant predictors of anxiety and depression were female gender, younger and less experien...