Ananyan Sampath | All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhopal (original) (raw)

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Papers by Ananyan Sampath

Cureus, Apr 18, 2023

Introduction Bloodstream infection (BSI) and subsequent sepsis are life-threatening medical condi... more Introduction Bloodstream infection (BSI) and subsequent sepsis are life-threatening medical conditions. The onset of antimicrobial resistance and subsequent multi-drug resistant organisms (MDRO) significantly increase healthcare-associated expenditure with adverse clinical outcomes. The present study was undertaken to identify the trends of BSI in community settings in secondary care hospitals (smaller private hospitals and district hospitals) in the state of Madhya Pradesh in Central India with the support of the

International Journal of Yoga, 2022

Journal of education and health promotion, 2022

BACKGROUND:The ancient Indian science of Yoga makes use of voluntary regulation of breathing to m... more BACKGROUND:The ancient Indian science of Yoga makes use of voluntary regulation of breathing to make respiration rhythmic and calm the mind. This practice is called pranayama. Nadisuddhi pranayama means “purification of subtle energy paths,” inhalation and exhalation are through alternative nostrils for successive respiratory cycles. Surya Anuloma-Viloma pranayama means “heat generating breathing particle” when the respiratory cycle of inhalation and exhalation is completed through the right nostril exclusively. When completed through the left nostril alone, the practice is called “Chandra Anuloma-Viloma pranayama,” which means a heat-dissipating or cooling liberating practice. We compared the effect of right nostril breathing (RNA) and left nostril breathing (LNB) pranayama on heart rate variability.MATERIALS AND METHODS:The study was conducted at the Department of Physiology at an institute of national importance, after obtaining necessary ethical approvals from the Institutional Ethics Committee. Twenty healthy kriya yogi volunteers (mean age: 44 years), who are regular practitioners for the last 10–20 years, were inducted into the study. RNB pranayama starts with closing the right nostril with the thumb of the left hand followed by exhalation through the right nostril and inhaling slowly through the same nostril. This forms one round of RNB pranayama. In contrast, inhalation through the left nostril and exhalation through the right nostril exclusively is called chandrabhedana pranayama (chandrabhedana means moon-piercing breath in Sanskrit) with a similar variation called Chandra Anuloma-Viloma pranayama in which inhalation, as well as exhalation, is performed through the left nostril exclusively. The recording of electrocardiogram (ECG) for heart rate variability (HRV) analysis was taken by heart rate variability (Dinamika HRV-Advanced Heart Rate Variability Test System, Moscow, Russia). The resting and during readings of heart rate variability parameters were compared and post hoc analysis was done using Bonferroni and Holm multiple comparisons for repeated measures.RESULTS:Time domain parameters: Standard deviation of normal to normal RR intervals (SDNN) and root mean square of successive NN interval differences (RMSSD) were increased at a high level of statistical significance during both pranayama maneuvres. Frequency domain parameters: LF, LF/HF ratio increased significantly. Parasympathetic activity is represented by LF when the respiration rate is lower than 7 breaths per min or during taking a deep breath. Thus, when the subject is in a state of relaxation with slow and even breathing in both RNB—right nostril and Chandra—LNB, the LF values can be very high, indicating an increase in parasympathetic activity rather than an increase in sympathetic regulation.CONCLUSION:Our study is an acute study, where changes in HRV were seen after 5 min of RNB and LNB. However, statistically, there is not much difference in the immediate effects of the two pranayamas on heart rate variability in regular yoga practitioners.

Cancer Treatment and Research Communications

Personalized Medicine

Studies report an association between the expression of HLA alleles and lamotrigine (LTG)-induced... more Studies report an association between the expression of HLA alleles and lamotrigine (LTG)-induced Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS). This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the association between HLA alleles and LTG-induced SJS in different populations. Two alleles, HLA-B*0702 and HLA-C*0702, were deemed to be protective; five alleles, HLA-B*1502, HLA-B*4403, HLA-A*2402, CYP2C19*2 and HLA-B*38, may play a role in LTG-induced SJS, for which only data studying HLA-B*1502 could be extracted. The pooled odds ratio of 2.88, 95% CI of 1.60–5.17 and p-value of 0.0004 establish the presence of HLA-B*1502 as a major risk factor for the development of LTG-induced SJS/TEN. Although multiple alleles that may play a role in the development of LTG-induced SJS/TEN were identified, the expression of the risk alleles may be ancestry-specific, and genetic screening is warranted for preventing this life-threatening adverse drug reaction.

Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics

International Journal of Yoga

Cureus

Background: The recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which swept across the globe... more Background: The recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which swept across the globe in a short period, demonstrated that disease transmission management is a critical step in preventing an outbreak, as is good viral infectious disease screening. Infrared thermography (IRT) has long been considered ideal for screening body temperatures during pandemics. Methods: Single-centre cross-sectional study with 159 participants. Using infrared thermometry, participants were subjected to temperature measurement twice daily on various sites. This was compared to oral temperature. Results: The findings of the study revealed that infrared thermometry could be utilised as a proxy approach for screening by both individuals and medical professionals when employed at the glabella, cubits, or axillae. Conclusion: Temperature screening is implied as a prophylactic method during pandemics. Owing to contact limitations, oral thermometry cannot be used for mass screening during the pandemic. Infrared thermometry is a noncontact method of temperature screening that can readily be applied for mass temperature screening in congested venues such as airports, shopping malls, places of public convenience, and other similar locations.

COVID-19 Drug Development - Recent Advances, New Perspectives, and Applications [Working Title]

Baricitinib is a novel Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor which has recently been included in recommend... more Baricitinib is a novel Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor which has recently been included in recommendations for treatment of COVID-19. This chapter is focused on discussing the evidence available regarding the safety and efficacy of use of baricitinib alone or in combination with other therapies for treatment of patients with COVID-19. A systematic literature search was conducted for this purpose to find all clinical studies on baricitinib in treatment of COVID-19. A total of 30 studies, including both clinical trials and observational studies were identified, and they have been described briefly. Collation of the results from these observational and interventional studies shows that baricitinib either alone or in combination with other drugs, when used as an add-on to standard therapy, was found to have favorable outcomes in hospitalized patients with moderate to severe COVID-19. Furthermore, ongoing clinical trials indicate that the drug is still under evaluation across the world for ...

Journal of Education and Health Promotion

Cureus, May 5, 2022

The management of septic shock and refractory septic shock is essential in preventing sepsis-rela... more The management of septic shock and refractory septic shock is essential in preventing sepsis-related death. The handheld vital microscope is a new modality of investigation for sepsis for microcirculatory assessment. This study aimed to identify predictors of inotrope requirements among patients with early sepsis and impending septic shock with particular reference to sublingual microcirculation assessment parameters. Methodology We conducted an observational cross-sectional hospital-based study in central India. The formal sample size was calculated to be 52 patients using a convenient sampling technique. The study was initiated with ethics approval (IHEC-LOP/2019/ MD0090) with consent from the patients. We used the MicroScan (MicroVision Medical, Netherlands) Video Microscope System (No.16A00102) to obtain sidestream dark-field imaging along with the AVA 4.3C software (MicroVision Medical). Results Of 51 cases, 60.8% were women, and 39.2% were men, and the study population had a mean age of 41.0 ± 14.9 years. Patients were recruited from medical wards (64.7%) and emergency departments (35.3%). The most common site of infection was gastrointestinal (33.3%), followed by respiratory infections (25.5%) and genitourinary infections (11.8%). The quick sequential organ failure assessment score was 2.0 ± 0.1. Eight patients required inotropes, and six patients died. High respiratory rates and lactate levels were important predictors of inotrope requirements in patients with early sepsis. Sublingual microcirculatory parameters at baseline did not significantly affect the requirement of inotropes consequently. Conclusions Sublingual microscopy is a suggested tool for the management of sepsis. However, without clearly defined cutoff values, handheld vital microscopy could not predict fluid responsiveness among patients with early sepsis. Also, it would be difficult to incorporate this technology into regular practice without equipment upgrades and image acquisition software.

Cureus, 2022

The ability of adaptation is unique to humankind. Technology advances have introduced many applia... more The ability of adaptation is unique to humankind. Technology advances have introduced many appliances that increasingly are smaller in size and handheld. These devices on prolonged usage affect the thumb joint complex, and this study was therefore designed to assess any changes in the movement of the thumb joint complex and fatigability secondary to the increasing usage of smartphones in different orientations in the Central Indian population. Materials and methods An analytical cross-sectional study was performed to assess changes in the ranges of motion (ROM) of the thumb joint complex with a sample size of 137 selected nonrandomly and categorized on the basis of the orientation of smartphone usage by physical goniometer and a standardized questionnaire to assess fatigability. Results Most movements of the thumb joint complex corresponded to the existing standard values. The study found significant changes in the movement of passive flexion of the left metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint and borderline significant modifications in the active extension of the left interphalangeal (IP) joint, passive extension of the left interphalangeal joint, and passive flexion of the left carpometacarpal (CMC) joint among the groups of participants. The Borg CR10 value of fatigue was "one," indicative of no excessive fatigue after smartphone usage. Conclusion There are no significant changes in the ranges of motion of the joint complex of the thumb in mobile phone users over a period of time. The orientations and the increased duration of usage also did not cause any fatigue in the muscles of the thumb.

Objectives To assess the role of baricitinib alone or in combination with other therapies as a tr... more Objectives To assess the role of baricitinib alone or in combination with other therapies as a treatment for patients with COVID-19. Methods Systematic literature search was conducted in the WHO COVID-19 Coronavirus disease database to find clinical studies on use of baricitinib for treatment of COVID-19 between December 1st 2019 and September 30th 2021. Two independent set of reviewers identified the eligible studies fulfilling the inclusion criteria, and relevant data was extracted and a qualitative synthesis of evidence performed. The risk of bias was evaluated with validated tools. Results A total of 267 articles were found to be eligible after primary screening of title and abstracts. Following assessment of full texts, 19 studies were finally included for this systematic review, out of which 16 are observational, and 3 are interventional studies. Collating the results from these observational and interventional studies, baricitinib used as add on to standard therapy, either al...