Muhammad Bakhsh | Allama Iqbal Open University (original) (raw)

Conference Presentations by Muhammad Bakhsh

— In the age of electronic media, the websites are use by huge number of peoples for the purpose ... more — In the age of electronic media, the websites are use by huge number of peoples for the purpose of information gathering and awareness regarding specific entity. As we know that this huge number of people also contains people with some sort of disabilities, as they are ignored when web projects are analyzed, planned and developed. If this practice in the development keeps in progress then the person with some sort of disabilities will eventually will be kept deprived from advantages of this electronic age. This study evaluate the websites of banks in Pakistan including all Governments/Semi Government banks, Private commercial banks, Islamic banks, Provincial banks, Micro finance banks, Specialized banks, Foreign banks etc using accessibility evaluation tools based on W3C web accessibility standards. Functional accessibility evaluator and total validator are the tools, which are used for the evaluation process. The results show that most websites are not built according to Standard accessibility rules. Keeping all these results in front, some recommendations are made for the improvement of websites from the perspective of accessibility for disabled people.

It is the era of information technology and corporations around the world opting web technologies... more It is the era of information technology and corporations around the world opting web technologies for electronic services. The official websites are now under the use of a diverse population for the purpose of services and product information retrieval. Disabled persons are the part of this society but they are mostly ignored when web projects in corporations and organizations are planned and developed. If this practice of software development is kept continuing then disabled persons would not take the advantage in this electronic era. This study evaluates the websites of top twenty terrestrial mobile phone network operators around the world (top twenty were selected on basis of number of subscribers) using accessibility evaluation tools based on World Wide Web Consortium's (W3C) web accessibility standards. Functional Accessibility Evaluator and Total Validator are the tools which are used for the evaluation process. The results shows that most of the web sites are not developed according to the accessibility standards developed by World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) for disabled persons. In the light of these results, recommendations are made to improve the accessibility of these websites for disable persons.

Papers by Muhammad Bakhsh

Advances in marketing, customer relationship management, and e-services book series, 2019

Fast development in mobile phones has enabled higher educational institutions to adapt and initia... more Fast development in mobile phones has enabled higher educational institutions to adapt and initiate mobile technologies. It can also make way for learning using mobile devices and systems. This chapter investigated the present state of student and faculty perception towards m-learning at open and distance educational institutes (ODEIs) in Pakistan. The chapter presents a conceptual model based on technology acceptance model, which explains the factors influencing student and faculty perception towards m-learning acceptance. Since m-learning acceptance mainly depends on personal attitude, this study focuses on individual context. Primary data from students and faculty (N=612) was collected. The SEM results indicate that skill readiness (SK) and self-efficacy (SE) influence perceived ease of use (PEOU) and perceived usefulness (PU), where these two factors along with prior experience (PE) positively influence behavioral intension (BI) to accept mobile learning. Furthermore, the results of this study specifically provide factors which positively influence BI either directly or indirectly.

The literature based studies conducted earlier provide very important insights into m-learning. D... more The literature based studies conducted earlier provide very important insights into m-learning. Due to rapid growth in technology, there is still a need to reexamine the m-learning to find the recent research trends. A meta-analysis approach has been adopted to review the literature (Palvia, 2006), thus a detailed content analysis of the articles has been made published during 2010 to 2015, which have been selected from the leading educational and technology related journals. This study tries to aggregate the subject taxonomy which includes development, management, context, and delivery of m-learning contents to mobile users. The findings of this research study provide recent and future

This paper analyses the web 2.0 attributes presented in wikipedia.com and amazon.com. They are am... more This paper analyses the web 2.0 attributes presented in wikipedia.com and amazon.com. They are among the most popular websites in the fileds of education and business respectively. Most of the web 2.0 attributes have been added in these two websites due to which they are more feasible, popular and well-organized. These two websites provide common community portal such as online searching, online digital library, online shopping, sharing thoughts, feedbacks etc. and last is SZABIST university website (www.szabist-isb.edu.pk) which has its own style of representation of web 2.0 attributes. Many of the web 2.0 services have not been included in SZABIST university website such as searching ideas (very limited), community based discussion and sharing views etc.

Nowadays, it is very challenging task to reveal the scientific knowledge due to availability of n... more Nowadays, it is very challenging task to reveal the scientific knowledge due to availability of numerous research materials. The use of visualization tools to discover scientific models and their relationship is very difficult. The intellectual structures of a particular knowledge domain can be captured by visualizing the knowledge structures. This paper comprehensively explores the scope and major themes of ubiquitous multimedia computing research. To analyze the leading research themes in the said field, three visualization techniques are used which linkage the publications, citation, research projects and patents in ubiquitous computing. The scientific papers from Institute of Scientific Information (ISI) web of knowledge (CiteSeerX) are clustered for the future research direction. The results show that recent popular research trend is going towards health care.

The usage of web applications especially social media is increasing day by day. Moreover, the usa... more The usage of web applications especially social media is increasing day by day. Moreover, the usage of information and communication technology applications both in public and private sector is the need of the hour since the usage of these applications has improved working efficiency. On the other side, excessive use of computer networks and its applications has augmented the issues of cybercrime, and there exist cyberlaws to deal these crimes but in developing countries, these laws are not matured. Furthermore, cyberlaws have been developed in almost every developed and developing country, but their implementation is weak, especially in Southeast Asia and the Middle East due to law unawareness in the masses. An attempt has been made in this paper to analyze the cybercrimes and cyberlaws, a part from the review of these laws in accordance with Pakistan and gulf countries.

International Journal of Distance Education Technologies, 2018

It is important for distance learning institutions to be well prepared before designing and imple... more It is important for distance learning institutions to be well prepared before designing and implementing any new technology based learning system to justify the investment and minimize failure risk. It can be achieved by systematically assessing the readiness of all stakeholders. This paper first proposes an m-readiness assessment process and subsequently describes different activities required to develop a m-readiness assessment model. The model was validated and applied to measure m-readiness index of Allama Iqbal Open University (AIOU), Pakistan. Primary data (N=612) were collected. Factor analysis was applied. Extracted factors were confirmed with confirmatory factor analysis. Based on the extracted factors, m-readiness index was calculated. Furthermore, m-readiness index association with age, gender, program of study, income, locality and province were also analyzed by applying one way ANOVA and Kruskal Wallis. The results reveal that there is a significant difference in m-read...

The International Journal of Information and Learning Technology, 2017

Purpose Mobile learning is a unique form of learning which uses the distinct features of mobile d... more Purpose Mobile learning is a unique form of learning which uses the distinct features of mobile devices. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the present state of student and faculty perception towards m-learning at open and distance educational institutes in Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach The paper presents a conceptual model based on TAM, which explains factors influencing student and faculty perception towards m-learning acceptance. M-learning acceptance mainly depends on personal attitude, so this study focusses on individual context. Primary data from students and faculty including tutors (n=612, students =448, faculty/tutors=162) was collected through a properly designed questionnaire by using purposive convenient sampling technique during Autumn 2015 semester. Structural equation modelling was used to analyse the collected data. Findings The results indicate that student and faculty skill readiness and self-efficacy influence perceived ease of use and perceived ...

2015 International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies (ICICT), 2015

Mobile Learning is gaining popularity especially in distance learning higher educational institut... more Mobile Learning is gaining popularity especially in distance learning higher educational institutions. Latest technology used in mobiles leads to better delivery of educational resources to students. The major aim of this study is to assess students' readiness for m-learning through assessing four factors: available mobile phone features, cellular service availability and affordability, students' prior exposure to e-learning and mobile learning adoption willingness. Data has been collected from 178 students of Allama Iqbal Open University (AIOU) enrolled in different programs of study. The developed questionnaire factors reliability is based on Cronbach's alpha reliability. Analysis is made by using SPSS. The result shows that student has high level of willingness to use mobile phones in educational activities. Furthermore mobile phone features necessary for m-learning are available with students mobiles. Results also indicate that cellular service is also available & affordable. However the level of prior e-learning knowledge among AIOU students is moderate. The results also indicate that m-learning can save the learner's time and they felt comfortable in using mobile devices for learning activities.

Information Sciences Letters, 2020

Data mining is a method to mine valuable hidden knowledge, patterns and associations from massive... more Data mining is a method to mine valuable hidden knowledge, patterns and associations from massive and sparse datasets. This process proceeds through various techniques e.g. classification, clustering and association etc. Clustering is an important data mining technique which group similar data items together in a group. In this study comparison is performed with six different clustering techniques using six different datasets. Comparison was performed on the basis of different evaluation parameters. By overall results it is concluded that k-Mean algorithm is best, simplest, produced quality clusters and has high performance amongst all other five algorithms. Performance of EM algorithm is worst amongst all other five algorithms as it took more time to produce inaccurate results. Hierarchical algorithm is best on small datasets but on huge datasets it took more time. Performance of density based Clustered and Canopy algorithm is almost same with slight difference in results. We also compared our study results with existing results and proved that proposed results are quite reasonable and accurate. Our research analysis and results make better understanding for cluster researcher to improve existing techniques and also to analyze more techniques and to propose a new clustering technique.

Structural Equation Modeling Approaches to E-Service Adoption, 2019

International journal on information

WIMAX is a wireless metropolitan area network technology that supports fixed, nomadic, portable a... more WIMAX is a wireless metropolitan area network technology that supports fixed, nomadic, portable and mobile wireless access. It provides a cost effective fixed wireless alternative to conventional wired DSL. A wireless network is more vulnerable than a wired, to external threats. We have assessed the authentication and Key management process in 802.16 mesh networks. In this paper we analyze the existing protocols, as well as related work and assessed the existing authentication and key management protocol. We have proposed some changes in the existing authentication and key management process which may improve the efficiency of WiMAX mesh networks. In proposed scenario it is expected that BS efficiency may be increased in responding the requesting SS’s and a mechanism of how a BS maintains the information about active nodes. This work may help in future research on 802.16 mesh.

2012 10th International Conference on Frontiers of Information Technology, 2012

It is the era of information technology and governments around the world opting for electronic go... more It is the era of information technology and governments around the world opting for electronic government and official websites are now under the use of a diverse population for the purpose of information retrieval. A number of disabled persons are becoming the part of this society but they are ignored when web projects are planned and developed. If this practice of software development is kept continuing then disabled persons would not take the advantage in the electronic government era. This study evaluates the websites of central government in Pakistan including all ministries and divisions using accessibility evaluation tools based on World Wide Web Consortium's (W3C) web accessibility standards. Functional accessibility evaluator and total validator are the tools which are used for the evaluation process. The results shows that most of the web sites are not developed according to the accessibility standards for disabled persons. In the light of these results, recommendations are made to improve the accessibility of these websites for disable persons.