salma rattani | Aga Khan University (original) (raw)
Papers by salma rattani
Global Qualitative Nursing Research
In this descriptive case study, we aimed to understand the experiences of cancer diagnosis, treat... more In this descriptive case study, we aimed to understand the experiences of cancer diagnosis, treatment, and palliative care in Pakistan. The case was limited to a hospital for cancer and hospice care in Karachi, Pakistan. Data collection included interviews with patients who had a cancer diagnosis, family members, healthcare providers, and unstructured observations. Two themes of suffering and late diagnosis were developed to describe the experiences of people with cancer. Suffering occurred as a result of poverty, social ideas about cancer, and physical suffering. Late diagnosis happened because of cultural ideas about health, low health literacy, and healthcare challenges, although both themes are interconnected. The findings illuminate three key pathways that will improve cancer diagnosis and palliative care in Pakistan: specifically, the need to (a) educate healthcare providers about cancer and palliative care, (b) eradicate corruption in healthcare, and (c) develop policies for ...
i-manager’s Journal on Nursing
Based on the demographic data of 2001 census, a total number of 4,612 revenue villages have been ... more Based on the demographic data of 2001 census, a total number of 4,612 revenue villages have been identified by the Panchayat and Rural Development Department, Govt. of West Bengal, India as the most backward in the state. Cooch Behar (one of the sub Himalayan district of the said state) also had declared 52 (fifty two) villages as backward in two consecutive phases. Some extra developmental impetus had been given in those villages to facilitate growth and prosperity. The present investigation was undertaken in the backward villages of Cooch Behar District of West Bengal (India) to study the success status of government development programmes running in the villages. A sample of 10% families was taken randomly for the study. Besides analyzing the secondary data obtained from ICDS projects (Integrated Child Development Project) and village Panchayat, an index called Composite Success Index (CSI) was developed for assessing the present status of success of the development programmes undertaken by the government agencies. The study revealed that the success of development programmes were low to medium in most of the villages. It is also revealed that success status is more where backwardness is more i.e. more backward villages achieved more success with respect to implementation of different development programmes.
Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, Nov 1, 2012
International Journal of Nursing Education, 2015
Employing descriptive exploratory research design, ten parents; eight mothers and two father, hav... more Employing descriptive exploratory research design, ten parents; eight mothers and two father, having children between 5–8 years of age were recruited from a community of high income strata in Karachi, which is one of the mega cities of Pakistan that is among the low and middle income countries1. Using semi structured interview guide, data was collected through in-depth interviews of the participants. Findings revealed that parental conflicts negatively impact on children's social and emotional development which they demonstrate through being aggressive, losing interest in their education, losing confidence, geing detached from their parents and siblings and at times being abusive. Such emotions, if not treated well, may result them indulging in anti-social behaviors and personality disorders. Hence, it is concluded that positive parental relations are important for children's emotional and overall development. These findings can assist practitioners to promote healthy parental relationships, early identification of conflicts and to intervene as needed.
Breast cancer is a major killer disease among women and an overwhelming number of women have fall... more Breast cancer is a major killer disease among women and an overwhelming number of women have fallen victim to this deadly disease worldwide as well as in Egypt. Thus, early detection of breast cancer is crucial to decreasing the morbidity and mortality of breast cancer. This qualitative, exploratory descriptive study aimed to understand the perceptions of Egyptian middle aged women about breast self-examination (BSE). The study was conducted in two rural areas in Aswan, Egypt, using the purposive sampling technique; twelve (12) middle aged women were selected as the study participants. Data was collected through semi-structured face to face interviews using an interview guide and an audiotape recorder. The interview was in the Arabic language. The qualitative content analysis (Unrau & Coleman, 1997) using the manual method, was utilized as the analytical method to identify emerging Categories and themes. The Cognitive domain was identified as the main theme with three categories: kn...
Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences
In a society both, men and women play a pivotal role and their roles may be defined based on thei... more In a society both, men and women play a pivotal role and their roles may be defined based on their cultural values and societal norms. Understanding and conformity with these roles may be expected by both the genders. However, to limit the scope, this study aimed to explore working and nonworking women’s descriptions and experiences of their roles in society. A descriptive exploratory research design was used. After approval from ethics review committee, Aga Khan University, the data was gathered from women in three communities representing the low, middle and upper socioeconomic strata, in Karachi, Pakistan. The participants were selected by critical case sampling. The sampling was terminated once the saturation was achieved. The in-depth interviews were conducted by using the interview guide. Thirty-five women participated in the study. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The findings showed that the participants identified three main roles of women in a society. These...
International Journal of Nursing Education, 2015
International Journal of Nursing Education, 2015
Individuals' actions are blamed for being at highest risk for ill health, even when their choices... more Individuals' actions are blamed for being at highest risk for ill health, even when their choices have been constrained by public policies and corporate practices. Whereas, there is a relationship between lifestyle and health inequities which is be briefly explored in this paper. It also covers the emergence of lifestyle as a concept and concludes that instead of just targeting individuals to change lifestyle, strategies should also be employed to improve their social determinants of health.
International Journal of Nursing Education, 2015
To explore employed mothers’ perceptions about influence of their working status on growth and de... more To explore employed mothers’ perceptions about influence of their working status on growth and development of their children through non-probability judgmental sampling mothers who were formally employed and were having children between the age of 0–5 years were selected from a single community. A total of twelve mothers who consented were enrolled in the study. Responses revealed that being employed their time spent with children is compromised which is impacting on children's emotional development, feeding practices, attachment and bonding with their children. It is concluded that first year maternal employment may form in-secure attachment; child may develop feeling of fear and insecurity, lack of confidence and a decline in performance at school.
British Journal of Midwifery, 2015
Objective: To explore the experiences and perceptions of midwives practising the midwifery-led ca... more Objective: To explore the experiences and perceptions of midwives practising the midwifery-led care model at two private facilities of women and children hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. Methods: The descriptive qualitative data was collected through semistructured questionnaires with 10 midwives. Results: The findings of the study revealed one theme and four related categories. The theme of the study emerged as 'struggling to be a professional midwife' and the related four categories were: (i) asking to perform within the full scope of practice, (ii) obstetricians' reliance and trust in midwives' expertise, (iii) raising concerns about expensive midwifery services, and (iv) encountering barriers to practise midwifery as independent practitioners. Conclusion: Midwives face some challenges practising the midwifery-led care model such as lack of visibility in society, low salaries and increased workload due to the shortage of staff. Lack of higher education was also highlighted by the midwives as they have no opportunities for career growth. This study will increase midwives' autonomous role and decisionmaking in the clinical setting.
Midwifery, 2014
the purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions and experiences of perinatal women who h... more the purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions and experiences of perinatal women who have availed of midwifery led model of care (MLC) at secondary care settings in Karachi, Pakistan. a qualitative descriptive exploratory approach using semi-structured interviews. a purposive sample of 10 women who had used MLC was enroled from each site. content analysis highlighted that 'women's satisfaction with MLC' emerged as the main theme and, under this theme, the six categories that emerged were: (1) the admired capability and maturity of midwives, (2) the affordability of midwifery services, (3) a personalised relationship, (4) the empowerment of women to make decisions, (5) presence, and (6) a voiced concern regarding lack of marketing of MLC. the study findings revealed that women had an overall feeling of satisfaction with the maternity care provided by the midwives. Mostly, women appreciated the midwives' expertise in providing maternity care. Majority of the women acknowledged the continuous presence of the midwives during childbirth and the women shared that they were empowered to make decisions related to their care. Most of the women indicated that marketing for MLC is scarce and insufficient. Majority of the women are even not aware of this model; therefore, it is imperative to create awareness and to provide MLC access to women through robust marketing. the findings of this study may help to advocate and provide women-friendly maternity care, by giving choice and control to women during childbirth, providing comfort to women by using fewer medical interventions, and promoting normality by attending spontaneous vaginal childbirths.
Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2014
To explore a mother's feeling of attachment and the affects her working status on the attachment ... more To explore a mother's feeling of attachment and the affects her working status on the attachment relationship with her child, upon ethical clearance from the institutional ethics committee, in-depth interviews of nine participants were conducted. Mothers enrolled were those who resumed the employment within the first year of post-delivery and were having a child up to two years of age. Results revealed that maternal employment itself does not enhance or deteriorate attachment with the child. It is combinations of factors that revolve around it impact on their bond. Overall, maternal integration or the balance of the dual roles of employment and motherhood is critical in the development of a sound and secure attachment between the employed mother and the child.
Around the world, cancer is a leading cause of death and the burden of cancer is expected to incr... more Around the world, cancer is a leading cause of death and the burden of cancer is expected to increase in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs), where 82% of the world's population resides. In these countries, which include Pakistan, aspects of the culture and traditions, inaccessibility to diagnostic and treatment facilities impede access to palliative care. In many cases people do not reach treatment facilities until they are at the stage when the person is at the end-of-life and is dying. This paints the picture of cancer as a deadly disease and as soon as it is diagnosed nothing can be done but to mourn. Little is understood about people's experiences accessing palliative care in Pakistan. This study followed Yin's methodology of case study research to describe how people accessed palliative care through Bait-ul-Sukoon Cancer Hospital and Hospice, the research setting (and bounded case) selected for this study. Theoretical propositions that guided the research were derived from the literature and from my professional experience. Data collection occurred through unstructured observations, interviews of patients, family members and the health care provider, physical artifacts, and through my reflections. Four patients, three family members and five healthcare providers were interviewed. Data analysis occurred simultaneously with data gathering and involved a reflexive analysis of the data. This study was guided by the theoretical propositions, the study objectives, and research questions which were derived from these propositions. Through this analysis process, two main themes were developed with subthemes to describe the case. I was also attentive to identity the rival cases, data that is contrary to the propositions. As the analysis progressed, linkages between the data were noted to see where the data were converging and diverging. iii The findings have described the suffering of people due in a large part to the late diagnosis of cancer. However, late diagnosis is also related to cultural beliefs, the social stigma of having cancer, the financial (and social) burden of seeking treatment, lack of education about cancer prevention and detection, healthcare system inadequacies and corruption, and healthcare providers' knowledge deficits. Poverty underlies most of the suffering and is largely the reason for late diagnosis. Participants suggested that policy-level change was needed to meet palliative care needs, and enhance early diagnosis. Policy level change for poverty alleviation would improve the determinants causing obstructions in accessing palliative care and improve access to pain and symptom management. This research underscores that at present, military and defense funds are the focus in the budget priorities in Pakistan. This deprives the population of fulfilling the need for social development and the health of the people in the country, which ultimately ruins the health and quality of life of the individuals. As a result, individuals feel emotionally distressed at the prospects of little or no betterment of their lives, their children's lives, and the generations that follow. These findings highlight the need for policy change by involving the stakeholders from social sectors, health, and education at the country level and through collaboration with the World Health Organization. Dissemination of these research findings, focusing on a public health approach and providing universal health coverage to all, is critically important for improving access to palliative care in Pakistan. This study identifies a clear need to educate the healthcare providers about palliative care. Therefore, it is recommended that in LMICs palliative care should be included in medical and nursing curricula. The findings of this study suggest that nurses should work within the scope of their practice. This is also needed for their own safety and for the safety of their patients. This iv requires close monitoring and supervision by the statutory bodies like Pakistan Nursing Council. There are implications for policy change to provide universal access to health and to achieve the sustainable development goals. Corruption is identified as one of the major hurdles in accessing health must be controlled to start with and then be eradicated.
Copyright: © 2014 Shahid S, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of ... more Copyright: © 2014 Shahid S, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Background: Midwifery led care (MLC) is a model of care in which perinatal care is provided to women throughout different phases of childbirth by a midwife. Objective: This paper aims to provide a literature review on MLC. Methods: A variety of databases and reports were considered to do the literature review on MLC. The search was limited from 1991 to 2011 by using keywords. A total of 50 articles were critically appraised for this review. Findings: The main theme that emerged was women’s satisfaction with MLC. Satisfaction was integrated with midwife’s presence throughout childbirth, experience to enhance normality in childbirth, cost-effectiveness of MLC, and facilitation of women’s choice and control during labor...
... Conference Sponsor: Sigma Theta Tau International. Conference Year: 2008. Author: Rattani, Sa... more ... Conference Sponsor: Sigma Theta Tau International. Conference Year: 2008. Author: Rattani, Salma Amin, MScN, BScN, RN, RM. PI Institution Name: Aga Khan University School of Nursing. Title: Sr. Instructor, Director Diploma Programme. Email: Salma.rattani@aku.edu. ...
Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide. Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer a... more Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide. Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer among females in developed and developing countries. Early detection of breast cancer is of vital importance; as it's one of the major killer diseases of women all over the world. Breast self-examination (BSE) is the most important and effective way for the early detection of breast cancer. The study aims to focus on exploring perceptions about BSE among Egyptian women living in rural areas through Focus Group Discussion (FGD). In addition, this study is an attempt to explore whether or not Egyptian women have adequate knowledge about BSE and whether the middleaged women practice BSE or not. This is because little is known about the BSE experience among these Egyptian rural women. The study design Focus Group Discussions with rural women; which consider as Qualitative descriptive-exploratory design. Data was collected from April 2011 to May 2011 in Aswan, Egypt. Audio tapes were used ...
Background: The maternal and neonatal mortality rates of Chitral district of Pakistan are among t... more Background: The maternal and neonatal mortality rates of Chitral district of Pakistan are among the highest in the country. One of the factors that found to have positive impact on maternal and newborn health indicators is the availability of quality skill birth attendance because the majority of the poor women cannot access facility-based maternity care. Therefore, in 2006, the Government of Pakistan (GOP) has initiated a program to train and deploy Community Midwives (CMWs) to support safe pregnancies and births. The Aga Khan Health Service’ Pakistan, initiated the Chitral Child Survival Program (CCSP) in partnership with the National Maternal Neonatal and Child Health program. The CCSP was an intervention package deploying 28 CMWs in remote villages of the district and supported by several strategies to ensure successful transition of these CMWs in remote settings. Aim: This study aims to assess the effectiveness of CCSP’s package of interventions and to identify the push (facili...
The current study aims to assess tracheal suctioning practices among health care practitioners; n... more The current study aims to assess tracheal suctioning practices among health care practitioners; nurses, critical care technicians and physiotherapist. Employing literature review as the methodology, multiple databases were searched focusing on three phases of tracheal suctioning (a) the pre suctioning phase, (b) the suctioning phase, (c) the post suctioning phase and complications related to tracheal suctioning. It was concluded that to provide quality care it is important that the evidence based practice guidelines should be followed.
Global Qualitative Nursing Research
In this descriptive case study, we aimed to understand the experiences of cancer diagnosis, treat... more In this descriptive case study, we aimed to understand the experiences of cancer diagnosis, treatment, and palliative care in Pakistan. The case was limited to a hospital for cancer and hospice care in Karachi, Pakistan. Data collection included interviews with patients who had a cancer diagnosis, family members, healthcare providers, and unstructured observations. Two themes of suffering and late diagnosis were developed to describe the experiences of people with cancer. Suffering occurred as a result of poverty, social ideas about cancer, and physical suffering. Late diagnosis happened because of cultural ideas about health, low health literacy, and healthcare challenges, although both themes are interconnected. The findings illuminate three key pathways that will improve cancer diagnosis and palliative care in Pakistan: specifically, the need to (a) educate healthcare providers about cancer and palliative care, (b) eradicate corruption in healthcare, and (c) develop policies for ...
i-manager’s Journal on Nursing
Based on the demographic data of 2001 census, a total number of 4,612 revenue villages have been ... more Based on the demographic data of 2001 census, a total number of 4,612 revenue villages have been identified by the Panchayat and Rural Development Department, Govt. of West Bengal, India as the most backward in the state. Cooch Behar (one of the sub Himalayan district of the said state) also had declared 52 (fifty two) villages as backward in two consecutive phases. Some extra developmental impetus had been given in those villages to facilitate growth and prosperity. The present investigation was undertaken in the backward villages of Cooch Behar District of West Bengal (India) to study the success status of government development programmes running in the villages. A sample of 10% families was taken randomly for the study. Besides analyzing the secondary data obtained from ICDS projects (Integrated Child Development Project) and village Panchayat, an index called Composite Success Index (CSI) was developed for assessing the present status of success of the development programmes undertaken by the government agencies. The study revealed that the success of development programmes were low to medium in most of the villages. It is also revealed that success status is more where backwardness is more i.e. more backward villages achieved more success with respect to implementation of different development programmes.
Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, Nov 1, 2012
International Journal of Nursing Education, 2015
Employing descriptive exploratory research design, ten parents; eight mothers and two father, hav... more Employing descriptive exploratory research design, ten parents; eight mothers and two father, having children between 5–8 years of age were recruited from a community of high income strata in Karachi, which is one of the mega cities of Pakistan that is among the low and middle income countries1. Using semi structured interview guide, data was collected through in-depth interviews of the participants. Findings revealed that parental conflicts negatively impact on children's social and emotional development which they demonstrate through being aggressive, losing interest in their education, losing confidence, geing detached from their parents and siblings and at times being abusive. Such emotions, if not treated well, may result them indulging in anti-social behaviors and personality disorders. Hence, it is concluded that positive parental relations are important for children's emotional and overall development. These findings can assist practitioners to promote healthy parental relationships, early identification of conflicts and to intervene as needed.
Breast cancer is a major killer disease among women and an overwhelming number of women have fall... more Breast cancer is a major killer disease among women and an overwhelming number of women have fallen victim to this deadly disease worldwide as well as in Egypt. Thus, early detection of breast cancer is crucial to decreasing the morbidity and mortality of breast cancer. This qualitative, exploratory descriptive study aimed to understand the perceptions of Egyptian middle aged women about breast self-examination (BSE). The study was conducted in two rural areas in Aswan, Egypt, using the purposive sampling technique; twelve (12) middle aged women were selected as the study participants. Data was collected through semi-structured face to face interviews using an interview guide and an audiotape recorder. The interview was in the Arabic language. The qualitative content analysis (Unrau & Coleman, 1997) using the manual method, was utilized as the analytical method to identify emerging Categories and themes. The Cognitive domain was identified as the main theme with three categories: kn...
Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences
In a society both, men and women play a pivotal role and their roles may be defined based on thei... more In a society both, men and women play a pivotal role and their roles may be defined based on their cultural values and societal norms. Understanding and conformity with these roles may be expected by both the genders. However, to limit the scope, this study aimed to explore working and nonworking women’s descriptions and experiences of their roles in society. A descriptive exploratory research design was used. After approval from ethics review committee, Aga Khan University, the data was gathered from women in three communities representing the low, middle and upper socioeconomic strata, in Karachi, Pakistan. The participants were selected by critical case sampling. The sampling was terminated once the saturation was achieved. The in-depth interviews were conducted by using the interview guide. Thirty-five women participated in the study. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The findings showed that the participants identified three main roles of women in a society. These...
International Journal of Nursing Education, 2015
International Journal of Nursing Education, 2015
Individuals' actions are blamed for being at highest risk for ill health, even when their choices... more Individuals' actions are blamed for being at highest risk for ill health, even when their choices have been constrained by public policies and corporate practices. Whereas, there is a relationship between lifestyle and health inequities which is be briefly explored in this paper. It also covers the emergence of lifestyle as a concept and concludes that instead of just targeting individuals to change lifestyle, strategies should also be employed to improve their social determinants of health.
International Journal of Nursing Education, 2015
To explore employed mothers’ perceptions about influence of their working status on growth and de... more To explore employed mothers’ perceptions about influence of their working status on growth and development of their children through non-probability judgmental sampling mothers who were formally employed and were having children between the age of 0–5 years were selected from a single community. A total of twelve mothers who consented were enrolled in the study. Responses revealed that being employed their time spent with children is compromised which is impacting on children's emotional development, feeding practices, attachment and bonding with their children. It is concluded that first year maternal employment may form in-secure attachment; child may develop feeling of fear and insecurity, lack of confidence and a decline in performance at school.
British Journal of Midwifery, 2015
Objective: To explore the experiences and perceptions of midwives practising the midwifery-led ca... more Objective: To explore the experiences and perceptions of midwives practising the midwifery-led care model at two private facilities of women and children hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. Methods: The descriptive qualitative data was collected through semistructured questionnaires with 10 midwives. Results: The findings of the study revealed one theme and four related categories. The theme of the study emerged as 'struggling to be a professional midwife' and the related four categories were: (i) asking to perform within the full scope of practice, (ii) obstetricians' reliance and trust in midwives' expertise, (iii) raising concerns about expensive midwifery services, and (iv) encountering barriers to practise midwifery as independent practitioners. Conclusion: Midwives face some challenges practising the midwifery-led care model such as lack of visibility in society, low salaries and increased workload due to the shortage of staff. Lack of higher education was also highlighted by the midwives as they have no opportunities for career growth. This study will increase midwives' autonomous role and decisionmaking in the clinical setting.
Midwifery, 2014
the purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions and experiences of perinatal women who h... more the purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions and experiences of perinatal women who have availed of midwifery led model of care (MLC) at secondary care settings in Karachi, Pakistan. a qualitative descriptive exploratory approach using semi-structured interviews. a purposive sample of 10 women who had used MLC was enroled from each site. content analysis highlighted that 'women's satisfaction with MLC' emerged as the main theme and, under this theme, the six categories that emerged were: (1) the admired capability and maturity of midwives, (2) the affordability of midwifery services, (3) a personalised relationship, (4) the empowerment of women to make decisions, (5) presence, and (6) a voiced concern regarding lack of marketing of MLC. the study findings revealed that women had an overall feeling of satisfaction with the maternity care provided by the midwives. Mostly, women appreciated the midwives' expertise in providing maternity care. Majority of the women acknowledged the continuous presence of the midwives during childbirth and the women shared that they were empowered to make decisions related to their care. Most of the women indicated that marketing for MLC is scarce and insufficient. Majority of the women are even not aware of this model; therefore, it is imperative to create awareness and to provide MLC access to women through robust marketing. the findings of this study may help to advocate and provide women-friendly maternity care, by giving choice and control to women during childbirth, providing comfort to women by using fewer medical interventions, and promoting normality by attending spontaneous vaginal childbirths.
Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2014
To explore a mother's feeling of attachment and the affects her working status on the attachment ... more To explore a mother's feeling of attachment and the affects her working status on the attachment relationship with her child, upon ethical clearance from the institutional ethics committee, in-depth interviews of nine participants were conducted. Mothers enrolled were those who resumed the employment within the first year of post-delivery and were having a child up to two years of age. Results revealed that maternal employment itself does not enhance or deteriorate attachment with the child. It is combinations of factors that revolve around it impact on their bond. Overall, maternal integration or the balance of the dual roles of employment and motherhood is critical in the development of a sound and secure attachment between the employed mother and the child.
Around the world, cancer is a leading cause of death and the burden of cancer is expected to incr... more Around the world, cancer is a leading cause of death and the burden of cancer is expected to increase in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs), where 82% of the world's population resides. In these countries, which include Pakistan, aspects of the culture and traditions, inaccessibility to diagnostic and treatment facilities impede access to palliative care. In many cases people do not reach treatment facilities until they are at the stage when the person is at the end-of-life and is dying. This paints the picture of cancer as a deadly disease and as soon as it is diagnosed nothing can be done but to mourn. Little is understood about people's experiences accessing palliative care in Pakistan. This study followed Yin's methodology of case study research to describe how people accessed palliative care through Bait-ul-Sukoon Cancer Hospital and Hospice, the research setting (and bounded case) selected for this study. Theoretical propositions that guided the research were derived from the literature and from my professional experience. Data collection occurred through unstructured observations, interviews of patients, family members and the health care provider, physical artifacts, and through my reflections. Four patients, three family members and five healthcare providers were interviewed. Data analysis occurred simultaneously with data gathering and involved a reflexive analysis of the data. This study was guided by the theoretical propositions, the study objectives, and research questions which were derived from these propositions. Through this analysis process, two main themes were developed with subthemes to describe the case. I was also attentive to identity the rival cases, data that is contrary to the propositions. As the analysis progressed, linkages between the data were noted to see where the data were converging and diverging. iii The findings have described the suffering of people due in a large part to the late diagnosis of cancer. However, late diagnosis is also related to cultural beliefs, the social stigma of having cancer, the financial (and social) burden of seeking treatment, lack of education about cancer prevention and detection, healthcare system inadequacies and corruption, and healthcare providers' knowledge deficits. Poverty underlies most of the suffering and is largely the reason for late diagnosis. Participants suggested that policy-level change was needed to meet palliative care needs, and enhance early diagnosis. Policy level change for poverty alleviation would improve the determinants causing obstructions in accessing palliative care and improve access to pain and symptom management. This research underscores that at present, military and defense funds are the focus in the budget priorities in Pakistan. This deprives the population of fulfilling the need for social development and the health of the people in the country, which ultimately ruins the health and quality of life of the individuals. As a result, individuals feel emotionally distressed at the prospects of little or no betterment of their lives, their children's lives, and the generations that follow. These findings highlight the need for policy change by involving the stakeholders from social sectors, health, and education at the country level and through collaboration with the World Health Organization. Dissemination of these research findings, focusing on a public health approach and providing universal health coverage to all, is critically important for improving access to palliative care in Pakistan. This study identifies a clear need to educate the healthcare providers about palliative care. Therefore, it is recommended that in LMICs palliative care should be included in medical and nursing curricula. The findings of this study suggest that nurses should work within the scope of their practice. This is also needed for their own safety and for the safety of their patients. This iv requires close monitoring and supervision by the statutory bodies like Pakistan Nursing Council. There are implications for policy change to provide universal access to health and to achieve the sustainable development goals. Corruption is identified as one of the major hurdles in accessing health must be controlled to start with and then be eradicated.
Copyright: © 2014 Shahid S, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of ... more Copyright: © 2014 Shahid S, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Background: Midwifery led care (MLC) is a model of care in which perinatal care is provided to women throughout different phases of childbirth by a midwife. Objective: This paper aims to provide a literature review on MLC. Methods: A variety of databases and reports were considered to do the literature review on MLC. The search was limited from 1991 to 2011 by using keywords. A total of 50 articles were critically appraised for this review. Findings: The main theme that emerged was women’s satisfaction with MLC. Satisfaction was integrated with midwife’s presence throughout childbirth, experience to enhance normality in childbirth, cost-effectiveness of MLC, and facilitation of women’s choice and control during labor...
... Conference Sponsor: Sigma Theta Tau International. Conference Year: 2008. Author: Rattani, Sa... more ... Conference Sponsor: Sigma Theta Tau International. Conference Year: 2008. Author: Rattani, Salma Amin, MScN, BScN, RN, RM. PI Institution Name: Aga Khan University School of Nursing. Title: Sr. Instructor, Director Diploma Programme. Email: Salma.rattani@aku.edu. ...
Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide. Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer a... more Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide. Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer among females in developed and developing countries. Early detection of breast cancer is of vital importance; as it's one of the major killer diseases of women all over the world. Breast self-examination (BSE) is the most important and effective way for the early detection of breast cancer. The study aims to focus on exploring perceptions about BSE among Egyptian women living in rural areas through Focus Group Discussion (FGD). In addition, this study is an attempt to explore whether or not Egyptian women have adequate knowledge about BSE and whether the middleaged women practice BSE or not. This is because little is known about the BSE experience among these Egyptian rural women. The study design Focus Group Discussions with rural women; which consider as Qualitative descriptive-exploratory design. Data was collected from April 2011 to May 2011 in Aswan, Egypt. Audio tapes were used ...
Background: The maternal and neonatal mortality rates of Chitral district of Pakistan are among t... more Background: The maternal and neonatal mortality rates of Chitral district of Pakistan are among the highest in the country. One of the factors that found to have positive impact on maternal and newborn health indicators is the availability of quality skill birth attendance because the majority of the poor women cannot access facility-based maternity care. Therefore, in 2006, the Government of Pakistan (GOP) has initiated a program to train and deploy Community Midwives (CMWs) to support safe pregnancies and births. The Aga Khan Health Service’ Pakistan, initiated the Chitral Child Survival Program (CCSP) in partnership with the National Maternal Neonatal and Child Health program. The CCSP was an intervention package deploying 28 CMWs in remote villages of the district and supported by several strategies to ensure successful transition of these CMWs in remote settings. Aim: This study aims to assess the effectiveness of CCSP’s package of interventions and to identify the push (facili...
The current study aims to assess tracheal suctioning practices among health care practitioners; n... more The current study aims to assess tracheal suctioning practices among health care practitioners; nurses, critical care technicians and physiotherapist. Employing literature review as the methodology, multiple databases were searched focusing on three phases of tracheal suctioning (a) the pre suctioning phase, (b) the suctioning phase, (c) the post suctioning phase and complications related to tracheal suctioning. It was concluded that to provide quality care it is important that the evidence based practice guidelines should be followed.