ISIK BAYRAKTAR | Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University (original) (raw)

Papers by ISIK BAYRAKTAR

Uluslararası Hakemli Akademik Sağlık ve Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi, 2012

Özet: Bu çalışmanın amacını, güreş branşındaki 13-17 yaş grubu Türk sporcuların yıllara göre antr... more Özet: Bu çalışmanın amacını, güreş branşındaki 13-17 yaş grubu Türk sporcuların yıllara göre antropometrik yetilerine ait norm değerlerinin belirlenmesi oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma grubunu, 1317 yaş aralığında 33 farklı ilde spor yapan ve tüm yurt çapındaki faal lisanslı güreşçilerin yaklaşık %8,3’ü olan, 415 gönüllü erkek güreşçi oluşturmaktadır. Sporcuların somatotip, vücut yağ oranı ve vücut kitle indekslerini belirlemek için boy uzunlukları, vücut ağırlıkları, deri kıvrımı kalınlıkları, çap ve çevre ölçümleri elde edilmiştir. Araştırma grubundan elde edilen verilerin ortalama, standart sapma ve yüzdelik değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Sonuçlardan %10’luk dilimler halinde norm değerleri elde edilmiştir. Araştırma bulgularına göre VKİ değerleri yaş artışına paralel olarak artmıştır. Endormorfi değerleri 13 yaşında en yüksek, 15 yaşında en düşük değerdedir. Mezomorfi değerleri ise yaş artışına paralel olarak artarken, ektomorfi değerleri azalmıştır. Branşın yapısına uygun olarak tüm yaş gruplarında dengeli mezomorfi (2-5-2) görülmektedir. Sporcuların 17 yaş değerlerinin, büyükler kategorisindeki elit sporculara yakın düzeyde olması, yetenek seçiminin son evresine gelindiğini ve kademeli olarak erişkin antrenmanlarına geçiş yapılabileceğini göstermektedir.

The Online Journal of Recreation and Sport, 2015

Abstract :The aim of this study is to make a comparison with literature by introducing the facts ... more Abstract :The aim of this study is to make a comparison with literature by
introducing the facts such as the onset of training for athletes at the elite level, the first achievement phase, high performance phase and their achievement in athletics. Also, by identifying the causes for success and failure, it is to ensure the continuation of success that Turkey has reached in this field and to offer a solution, which we believe is going to be useful, for the failure.
As of 2013, the total number of athletes competing in Turkish Athletics and Cross Country League includes 229 women and 224 men. 310 athletes who are 20 years and above constitute the population of the study and 93 of theses athletes (30%) constitute the sample group.
It is found out that the average age of women athletes is 21,7±5,2 years while it is 23,1±10,6 years for men. The ratio of the ones who have started athletics between the ages of 13-15 is 37,6%. This age group is considered to be the branching age in athletics. It is identified that age of training onset of the research group is 13,1±4,3 years and the percentage of athletes having no break is 58,1% (54 athletes). When their possibility of being a coach is analysed, 13,9% of them (13 athletes) stated that
they did not get any help from any coach.
Implications: It was determined that successful athletes in elite level started training late and they could not get "basic fitness training" and "branch education" fully. According to these results, plans to encourage the reduction of the onset age of Athletics should be developed and branching education and developmental education should be widespread in the country.

Ovidius University Annals, Series Physical Education & Sport/Science, Movement & Health, 2017

Aim. The aim of this study was to determine relationships between triple jump phases and velocity... more Aim. The aim of this study was to determine relationships between triple jump phases and velocity variables in Turkish athletes. Methods. The research group was composed of 38 Turkish male triple jumpers. The findings were obtained during the official competitions. All trials of the athletes were recorded by two camcorders. The photocells which are used to determine running times of athletes have been established 1m, 6m and 11m distance from the takeoff board. Velocities for 11m-6m section (V1), 6m-1m section (V2), total 10m (V10) and difference between V2 and V1 (V2-V1) were calculated for each jump. The official jump distances were recorded. Best performance of the athletes were analysed by the two dimensional analysis software. The official distance, actual distance, distance lost at takeoff , hop distance, step distance, jump distance, hop percentage, jump percentage and step percentage, step length and velocity variables, contact time variables were measured and calculated. General characteristics of the participants were presented as means and standard deviations (±SD). Pearson correlation coefficients (r) were used to express the relationships between parameters. Linear regression analysis was used to find coefficients of determination (r2) for the relationships. Results. It was found relationships between horizontal velocity variables and jumping distance. A strong correlation is between V10 and official distance (r=0.88, p<0.05, r 2 =0.78). It was established a linear regression model to explain this relation[Predictive distance=(1.822*V10)-1.952]. Furthermore the technical effectiveness score can calculated with the measured distance divided by predictive distance during the competition or technical training. Conclusion. This study has demonstrated that the approach velocity is highly related to jumping performance in triple jump. It can be suggested that the speed ability should be priority testing in talent identification in triple jump. In addition, the effectiveness score which is explained in this study can use by the athletic coaches to assess of their athletes' technical level.

Journal of Educational Issues, 2020

Aim of this study was to determine variables of elite athletes' competition seasons in vertical j... more Aim of this study was to determine variables of elite athletes' competition seasons in vertical jumping events and to determine relationships between these variables. Also, to constitute prediction models of season best (SB) and season performance average based on season first performance to offer a new insight for coaching education. Research group consisted of male and female elite athletes who ranked in the top 100 in high jump (HJ) and pole vault (PV), during 2018 season. Athletes' competition information was reached from 2018 world rankings. Ages, total number of days in season, days between competitions, total number of competitions, number of competitions that season's best score was performed, ratio of SB to total number of competitions, percentages of first, end, average scores were calculated. Statistical comparison of gender groups was analyzed using Independent Samples t-Test. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to express relationships. Polynomial regression analysis was used to find coefficients of determination for relationships. Quadratic equations average of first two performances by gender/events. In PV, there were differences between genders for season first, end, and average percentages calculated according to SB (p < 0.05).
Strong relationships were determined between season average and season first performances in female athletes. Predicted models created according to season first performance may be considered as early evaluations for coaches. Coach can use these prediction models as a new
and different education material for their training plans. By doing so, in case of calculating a prediction far away from the coach’s aim it is possible that coach can take necessary measures at the beginning of season.

The Online Journal of Recreation and Sports, 2020

Today, long-term athlete development programs are used as an alternative to traditional athlete t... more Today, long-term athlete development programs are used as an alternative to traditional athlete training programs. They aim to make sport as a lifestyle, rather than compressing athlete development into a short period of time. In long-term athlete development programs, all processes are planned on the basis of the biological development periods of the athletes and their development characteristics in these periods, rather than their chronological age, which is taken as the basis in traditional athlete development methods. Sports branches are divided into two as early specialization and late specialization sports. Gymnastics requires skill, coordination, and a developed central nervous system; thus, it is categorized among the early specialization sports.

Ovidius Science, Movement and Health, 2021

Problem Statement: Triple Jump (TJ) is one of the horizontal jumping events of athletics and the ... more Problem Statement: Triple Jump (TJ) is one of the horizontal jumping events of athletics and the training plan is considered to be indispensable for achieving targeted performance in TJ, as in other athletic events. If the annual plans are determined according to the requirements specific to the sports event; high-efficiency levels can be reached by athletes. Examining a competition season of the elite athletes ranked in the top 100 of the worlds and creating prediction models of the season's best and season average performances based on the average of the first two performances (AF2P) will help trainers and training scientists to plan a competition period. For this reason, the current study aimed to determine the variables of elite athletes' competition seasons in TJ events and to constitute estimation models of SB and season average performance based on AF2P. Methods. The research group consisted of male and female elite athletes ranked in the top 100 in TJ during the 2018 season. Participants' competition information was reached from the 2018 world rankings published on the International Athletic Federation's (IAAF) official web page. The age of the athletes, the total number of days in the season, the number of competitions, the season's best score (SB) according to the season average, the percentages of the initial and end scores were calculated. General characteristics of the participants were presented as means and standard deviations (±SD). Pearson correlation coefficients (r) were used to express the relationships between parameters. Quadratic equations were used to find coefficients of determination (r 2) for the relationships. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results. A statistically significant, positive, and high correlation was found in female triple jumpers (r=0.80; p<0.001), and a moderate relationship was found for men TJ (r=0.71; p<0.001). There was a high positive correlation between season average and AF2P for both female and male athletes (r=0.88; p<0.001; r=0.80; p<0.001; respectively). When the relationship between AF2P and season-end performance was examined, it was calculated that there was a moderate level relationship for female jumpers (r=0.62; p<0.001) and weak relationships for male (r=0.41; p<0.001) triple jumpers. Conclusion. The prediction models based on the AF2P will be used to predict the best performance of the season and these equations can be considered as an early evaluation for the coaches to predict the whole season.

Herkes için Spor ve Rekreasyon Dergisi, 2021

The main goal of the athletes and coaches is to reach peak performance in major competitions. For... more The main goal of the athletes and coaches is to reach peak performance in major
competitions. For this reason, understanding the elite-level athletes’ performances
during a season may provide useful information for training designs. The current
study aimed to compare the performance variables of male athletes who achieved
to compete in the finals and who were not successful during the qualification
competitions and couldn’t compete in the finals during the 2019 World Athletics
Championship, jumping events, and to examine the relationships between
performance variables. A total of 107 male athletes’ (45 competed in the finals and 62
eliminated in the qualifications) performance variables from the 2019 World Athletics
Championship were examined. Similarities and differences were determined with
the Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman correlation analysis was used to examine
the relationships among variables. According to the results of the study; Season
mean performance (S-Mean) and the difference between the best performance of
the season and qualification competition performance (WCH-Q) were found to be
different between groups for all jumping events. Besides, season-best performance
(SB) showed significant differences for all jumping events, except the high jump.
When SB was evaluated for the long jump and high jump, it was seen that there
was a significant difference between groups. In this study, it was found that the
season average performance of the athletes competing in the final in the long jump
and other jumping events was related to their final performance. Therefore, it can be
interpreted that the athletes who have a high average during the competition season
have a higher average performance in the world championship final competition.

Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 2021

The long jump is defined as an athletic event, and it has also been a standard event in modern Ol... more The long jump is defined as an athletic event, and it has also been a standard event in modern Olympic Games. The purpose of the athletes is to make the distance as far as possible from a jumping point. The main purpose of this study was to determine the most successful machine learning algorithm in the prediction of the long jump distance of male athletes. In this paper, we used age and velocity variables for predicting the long jump performance of athletes. During the research, 328 valid jumps belonging to 73 Turkish male athletes were used as data. In determining the most successful algorithm, mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), Mean Squared Error (MSE), R 2 score, Explained Variance Score (EVS), and Mean Squared Logarithmic Error (MSLE) values were taken into consideration. The outcomes of the analysis showed that long jump performance can be determined by chosen independent variables. The 5-fold cross-validation technique was used for the performance evaluation of the models. As a result of the experimental tests, the Gradient Boosting Regression Trees (GBRT) algorithm reached the best result with an MSE value of 0.0865. In this study, it was concluded that the machine learning approach suggested can be used by trainers to determine the long jump performance of male athletes.

Journal of Intelligent Systems: Theory and Applications , 2022

The long jump is defined as an athletic event, and it has also been a standard event in modern Ol... more The long jump is defined as an athletic event, and it has also been a standard event in modern Olympic Games. The purpose of the athletes is to make the distance as far as possible from a jumping point. The main purpose of this study was to determine the most successful machine learning algorithm in the prediction of the long jump distance of male athletes. In this paper, we used age and velocity variables for predicting the long jump performance of athletes. During the research, 328 valid jumps belonging to 73 Turkish male athletes were used as data. In determining the most successful algorithm, mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), Mean Squared Error (MSE), R 2 score, Explained Variance Score (EVS), and Mean Squared Logarithmic Error (MSLE) values were taken into consideration. The outcomes of the analysis showed that long jump performance can be determined by chosen independent variables. The 5-fold cross-validation technique was used for the performance evaluation of the models. As a result of the experimental tests, the Gradient Boosting Regression Trees (GBRT) algorithm reached the best result with an MSE value of 0.0865. In this study, it was concluded that the machine learning approach suggested can be used by trainers to determine the long jump performance of male athletes.

Gazi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 2022

Limited number of researches exist on the relationship between PPARGC1A gene polymorphism (rs8192... more Limited number of researches exist on the relationship between PPARGC1A gene polymorphism (rs8192678) and affects the athletic performance. Thus, the present study aims to decipher any possible association of the rs8192678 polymorphism in the PPARGC1A gene with the competitive performances of Turkish elite track and field athletes. A total of 60 elite athletes (31 sprint/power and 29 endurance) and 20 control/sedentary with the ages of 18-35 voluntarily participated in the study. The International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) score scale was used to determine the performance levels of the personal best (PB) of the athletes. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed by the genomic DNA sample isolated from blood of the participants. The association between rs8192678 polymorphism and PB was examined by one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with the adjustment of sex and sport experience. According to the results, there were not any significant deviation between the wild-type (G/G), heterozygote (G/A) and homozygote (A/A) genotypes within and between the groups (p>0.05). Our results underlined that there were not any significances for association of rs8192678 polymorphism with PBs within the groups of the sprint/power and endurance athletes. However, it is recommended that similar studies be conducted with more participants to provide clearer information about the research.

Ovidius University Annals, Series Physical Education and Sport/Science, Movement and Health, 2022

The purpose of this review is to synthesize all the observational studies that studied the effect... more The purpose of this review is to synthesize all the observational studies that studied the effects of eSports on sleep. In addition, it has systematically brought together all peer-reviewed observational studies related to the sleep of eSports gamers to draw the attention of field academicians and researchers to the issue related to eSports and promote observational studies on future in the field of sports sciences. Playing eSports games or competing in these games can have significant consequences for players' health. As the popularity of eSports continues to grow rapidly around the world, studies focusing on understanding the health risks and benefits associated with eSports competition and participation have been delayed. Sufficient attention has not been paid to the development and evaluation of preventive interventions which address the harms that video games interrelating with eSports can cause. Similarly, there are gaps in the evidence on ways to encourage safe and healthy digital gaming among the ever-growing eSports gamers population. In order to develop evidence-based guidelines and intervention strategies that include sleep and sleep quality, these gaps need to be filled with scientific research.

European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science, 2022

This review article aims to synthesize all the observational studies that examined the effects of... more This review article aims to synthesize all the observational studies that examined the effects of video gaming on nutritional behaviors. In addition, it is aimed to draw the attention of field academicians and researchers to the issue related to video gaming and to shed light on future observational studies in the field of sports sciences. All peer-reviewed observational studies on the nutritional behaviors of video gamers have been systematically examined and collected. Playing video games or playing them for a long time can have significant consequences on the health of those who play. While interest in video games or online digital games is increasing rapidly, studies focusing on understanding the health risks and benefits associated with them are long overdue. There is a need to develop and evaluate preventive interventions that address the harms video games can cause. Similarly, there are gaps in the evidence on ways to encourage safe and healthy digital gaming among the ever-growing video gamer population. In order to develop evidence-based guidelines and intervention strategies that include nutritional behaviors, these gaps need to be filled with scientific research.

CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY, 2022

In the present study, the mindfulness levels of track and field (athletics) athletes were evaluat... more In the present study, the mindfulness levels of track and field (athletics) athletes were evaluated based on variables such as branch of sports (sprints, middle-distance, jumps and throws), gender, age, national athlete status, personel best record and athletic experience. 213 certified athletes (67 female-22.6% and 146 male-49.3%) competing at the national and international level in the branches of sprints, middle-distance, jumps and throws as part of different clubs affiliated to the Turkish Athletic Federation in the year 2020 and performing regular training at least 6 days a week voluntarily participated in the study. In the present cross-sectional study, the Mindfulness Inventory for Sport (MIS) developed by Thienot et al. (2014) and adapted to Turkish by Tingaz (2020c) was used. Data collection was carried out online through Google Forms. The independent t-test and the one-way analysis of variance were used in the evaluation of data. Based on the findings of the present study, it was determined that the athletes with high performance had higher mindfulness levels. Additionally, it was found that the national athletes and the athletes with high training experience had higher mindfulness levels in different sub-dimensions and in terms of the gender variable, the mindfulness levels of the female participants were higher. It is also notable that the athletes who perform mental training had higher mindfulness levels compared to those who do not. In the evaluation based on branches, it was observed that the sprinters were more competent in the refocusing sub-dimension compared to the athletes in all other branches. The findings obtained in the present study indicated that mindfulness can be affected by different variables. However, considering that the most important goal for athletes is to improve their performance, it is important for them to be aware of the positive effects of mindfulness. Based on this, it can be suggested for athletes to include mindfulness exercises in their training program and develop this approach as much as possible in order to support their athletic performance.

International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education, 2022

This research was conducted to examine the physiological and performance responses of repeated sp... more This research was conducted to examine the physiological and performance responses of repeated sprint tests in female athletes. Thirteen female athletes from Bingöl province participated in the research. The measurements were made in the Bingöl University gym. In the study, height, body weight, age, year of sport, body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage measurements were taken for the descriptive characteristics of the participants. For repeated sprint measurements, the participants, on three separate days and in random order, participated straight repetition sprint (6x25m; straight repeat sprint test) with a 25-second passive rest, 180° shuttle repeat sprint (6x(2x12.5m); shuttle repeat sprint test) and 100 ° change of direction (6x25m; repeated sprint test with change of direction) tests. After three different repeated sprint tests, the participants' best sprint time, total sprint time and performance decrease percentage values were determined as performance responses. In addition, resting heart rate and heart rate during warm-up were determined by a polar clock. The mean age of the athletes participating in the study was 20.46±1.66, the year of sport was 5.00±3.69, height 1.66±0.05 m, body weight 50.06±5.65 kg, body mass index 18.00±1.68 kg/height2, body fat percentage 22.70±2.33 (%) and skeletal muscle weight 17.56±4.98 (%). As a result of the comparison of different sprint tests, no significant difference was found in the number of resting heartbeats before the warm-up and the percentage of performance decrease (%) (p>0.05). As a result of different sprint tests, a significant difference was found at the p<0.05 level in the pre-exercise heart rate, best sprint time, total sprint time and perceived difficulty levelmax values. It is seen in the table 2 that the straight repeated sprint test-the best sprint time values are better than the shuttle repeated sprint test-the best sprint test and the repetitive sprint test with change of direction-best sprint time. Likewise, it was determined that the straight repeated sprint testtotal sprint time values were better than the shuttle repeated sprint-total sprint time and repetitive sprint test with change of direction-total sprint time values. As a result, although straight, shuttle and repetitive sprint tests with change of direction show differences in terms of

The Online Journal of Recreation and Sports , 2023

Fransa Bisiklet Turunu dünyanın en popüler yarışlarından birisi olması ve mayo klasmanlarında göz... more Fransa Bisiklet Turunu dünyanın en popüler yarışlarından birisi olması ve mayo klasmanlarında gözlemlenen literatür eksikliğinden bu çalışmanın yapılmasına ihtiyaç duyulmuştur. Bu çalışmanın amacı 2000-2022 yılları arasındaki Fransa Bisiklet Turunda beyaz mayo, kırmızı mayo ve yeşil mayo klasmanındaki ilk üç (toplam; altmış dokuz) sporcunun müsabaka sonuçlarının, genel klasman sıralamasıyla ilişkisinin çeşitli değişkenlere göre incelenmesidir. Çalışmadaki sporcuların yarış sonuçları Procyclingstats ve Tour de France sitelerinden alınmıştır. Her mayo klasmanı için ilk üç sırada yer alan 69 sporcunun genel klasmandaki sıraları yaş, sıra, hız değişkenleriyle karşılaştırılmıştır. Normal dağılım sergilemeyen verilerin karşılaştırılmasında Kruskal Wallis ve Spearman korelasyon testleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarında beyaz mayo klasmanındaki ilk üç sporcunun genel klasmandaki ortalama sıraları arasında anlamlı farklılık tespit edilmiştir. Beyaz mayo klasmanındaki ilk üç sporcunun “genel klasman sıraları” ile arasında pozitif yönde yüksek düzeyde (rho=0,726), yeşil mayo klasmanındaki (puana dayalı) ilk üç sporcunun “genel klasman sıraları ” ve “ortalama hız” arasında negatif yönde orta düzeyde (rho=-0,477), kırmızı mayo klasmanındaki (puana dayalı) ilk üç sporcunun “genel klasman sıraları” ve “ortalama hız” arasında negatif yönde orta düzeyde (rho=-0,429) ve “genel klasman sırası” ile “genel klasman yaş” arasında pozitif yönde düşük düzeyde bir ilişki (rho=0,29), olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Kırmızı ve yeşil mayo klasman sıralamaları puanla ve beyaz mayo klasmanı sporcuların bitirme sürelerine göre belirlenmektedir. Kırmızı mayo klasmanındaki kişiler en iyi yokuş çıkan sporcular olduğu için bu kişilerin yaş faktörüyle düşük düzeyde ilişkili olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

The Online Journal of Recreation and Sport, 2023

In the short-distance running branches of athletics, the athlete is expected to maintain his conc... more In the short-distance running branches of athletics, the athlete is expected to maintain his concentration and control his negative emotions before the start command. The body language of athletes can give important clues about their "true" inner state. For this reason, it is important to analyse the non-verbal behaviours of the athletes before starting the competition. In line with this importance, the aim of the present study is to analyse the precompetition nonverbal behaviours of the athletes and examine their effect on their performance. 79 male athletes aged 18 and over competing in the 60-metre branch participated in the research. Since they were ready at the exit block, the time until the "to your places" command was recorded on video. The nonverbal behaviours of the athletes were analysed by using the BAP (Body Action-Posture) coding system through the recorded videos. Statistical analyses were made with the obtained numerical data. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the sprinters who exhibited the movements of "bringing the chest out, keeping the head down, keeping the left hand on the waist, keeping the right arm at the side, and keeping the right arm in front" had a significantly better time to finish the race than the others. As a result of this thesis study, it has been revealed that some non-verbal behaviours of the athletes explain a certain part of their performance. It has been discussed in this study that nonverbal behaviours can give clues about the mental state of the athlete as well as the outcome of the competition.

ROL Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 2023

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of regular book reading activity on attention ... more The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of regular book reading activity on attention level and reaction time in student athletes. The study group consists of 33 student athletes, 17 individuals in control group and 16 individuals in experiment group, doing individual or team sports. Experiment group read books for a period of 40 minutes, three times a week. In addition to personal information form, "Visual Attention Test" is applied to volunteers. The data of the research were evaluated in the SPSS program. Differences were observed in reaction time of students who regularly read books and not (p<0.05). While no difference was observed in accuracy ratio of student athletes who do not read books, differences were found in student athletes who read (p<0.05). While no differences were observed on accuracy ratio of student athletes doing individual sports who do not read books regularly, differences were determined on accuracy ratio of student athletes doing team sports. There were differences on accuracy ratio of student athletes doing individual sports or team sports and who read books regularly. In conclusion, it is determined that students doing individual sports or team sports who read books regularly have better attention levels compared to those who do not read books.

International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences, 2023

The aim of this study is to review the existing literature on the musculoskeletal system symptoms... more The aim of this study is to review the existing literature on the musculoskeletal system symptoms associated with digital gaming. Literature related to the subject was searched in Web of Knowledge, PubMed, Medline, PsycINFO, Proquest, Google Scholar, and Sport Discuss databases. Articles published from 2010 to 2022 were scanned using keywords describing digital gaming-related postural disturbances, and musculoskeletal system exposure (pain, muscle activity). The articles were independently scanned by three authors, the relevant data were extracted, and the methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated. A total of 1252 articles were scanned for eligibility. Eleven articles are included in the study. Systematic reviews and meta-analysis studies were not included in our study. A wide range of prevalence rates of musculoskeletal complaints in different body regions has been reported, with the highest prevalence commonly found in neck complaints. This review has only found some evidence showing that a neck flexion posture as well as the frequency of digital gaming are associated with musculoskeletal disorders and pain, postural disorders among users of digital devices. The findings were presented and discussed in relation to the effects of digital games on posture and the musculoskeletal system. There is limited evidence that digital gaming and its various aspects (occupancy and properties) are associated with musculoskeletal system symptoms and exposures. Therefore, it is considered that evidence-based guidelines should be presented by experts for the wise use of digital games.

Kilis 7 Aralık Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi , 2023

It is important to set the correct pace throughout the competition in the race-walking. It is see... more It is important to set the correct pace throughout the competition in the race-walking. It is seen as an important performance component for trainers to develop a strategic plan for race-walking competitions. The aim of this study is to create models according to the average speed change attitude of the athletes divided into different performance groups according to the results of the major race-walking competitions. Material & Method: The study findings from the results of the competitions, the 2 km lap times in the competitions were recorded for each athlete. By using these times, the averages of the lap transition speeds of the athletes were calculated both cumulatively and separately for each 2 km. Findings: Based on the findings, velocity variation models were created in three different performance groups. When the models are designing, the groups are podium athletes (Model A), the athletes (Model B) with better results than the Olympic entry standard, and the athletes (Model C) with below performance than the Olympic entry standard. It was seen that the highest speed value reached by the athletes within the scope of Model C in 2 km laps was accepted as 100% (3.51 m/s between 2-4 km), and an advantageous result could be achieved at the rate of 3.8% when the speed percentage distributions of Model A were applied to this group. If the competition speed percentage distributions of Model B are applied, this rate rises to 7.8%. The podium athletes (Model A) reached their maximum speed (3.8 m/s) in the 16-18 km phase of the competition, while the lowest speed was between 0-2 km with 3.64 m/s. It is a striking finding that the group with the lowest starting speed among the three models was in Model A, the podium athletes' group. Results: As a result, three different competition strategy models based on the speed variables of the athletes in different performance groups were introduced with the current research. To targeted competition results, coaches can use these models to create their own performance strategies or adapt these models according to their priorities.

Uluslararası Hakemli Akademik Sağlık ve Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi, 2012

Özet: Bu çalışmanın amacını, güreş branşındaki 13-17 yaş grubu Türk sporcuların yıllara göre antr... more Özet: Bu çalışmanın amacını, güreş branşındaki 13-17 yaş grubu Türk sporcuların yıllara göre antropometrik yetilerine ait norm değerlerinin belirlenmesi oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma grubunu, 1317 yaş aralığında 33 farklı ilde spor yapan ve tüm yurt çapındaki faal lisanslı güreşçilerin yaklaşık %8,3’ü olan, 415 gönüllü erkek güreşçi oluşturmaktadır. Sporcuların somatotip, vücut yağ oranı ve vücut kitle indekslerini belirlemek için boy uzunlukları, vücut ağırlıkları, deri kıvrımı kalınlıkları, çap ve çevre ölçümleri elde edilmiştir. Araştırma grubundan elde edilen verilerin ortalama, standart sapma ve yüzdelik değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Sonuçlardan %10’luk dilimler halinde norm değerleri elde edilmiştir. Araştırma bulgularına göre VKİ değerleri yaş artışına paralel olarak artmıştır. Endormorfi değerleri 13 yaşında en yüksek, 15 yaşında en düşük değerdedir. Mezomorfi değerleri ise yaş artışına paralel olarak artarken, ektomorfi değerleri azalmıştır. Branşın yapısına uygun olarak tüm yaş gruplarında dengeli mezomorfi (2-5-2) görülmektedir. Sporcuların 17 yaş değerlerinin, büyükler kategorisindeki elit sporculara yakın düzeyde olması, yetenek seçiminin son evresine gelindiğini ve kademeli olarak erişkin antrenmanlarına geçiş yapılabileceğini göstermektedir.

The Online Journal of Recreation and Sport, 2015

Abstract :The aim of this study is to make a comparison with literature by introducing the facts ... more Abstract :The aim of this study is to make a comparison with literature by
introducing the facts such as the onset of training for athletes at the elite level, the first achievement phase, high performance phase and their achievement in athletics. Also, by identifying the causes for success and failure, it is to ensure the continuation of success that Turkey has reached in this field and to offer a solution, which we believe is going to be useful, for the failure.
As of 2013, the total number of athletes competing in Turkish Athletics and Cross Country League includes 229 women and 224 men. 310 athletes who are 20 years and above constitute the population of the study and 93 of theses athletes (30%) constitute the sample group.
It is found out that the average age of women athletes is 21,7±5,2 years while it is 23,1±10,6 years for men. The ratio of the ones who have started athletics between the ages of 13-15 is 37,6%. This age group is considered to be the branching age in athletics. It is identified that age of training onset of the research group is 13,1±4,3 years and the percentage of athletes having no break is 58,1% (54 athletes). When their possibility of being a coach is analysed, 13,9% of them (13 athletes) stated that
they did not get any help from any coach.
Implications: It was determined that successful athletes in elite level started training late and they could not get "basic fitness training" and "branch education" fully. According to these results, plans to encourage the reduction of the onset age of Athletics should be developed and branching education and developmental education should be widespread in the country.

Ovidius University Annals, Series Physical Education & Sport/Science, Movement & Health, 2017

Aim. The aim of this study was to determine relationships between triple jump phases and velocity... more Aim. The aim of this study was to determine relationships between triple jump phases and velocity variables in Turkish athletes. Methods. The research group was composed of 38 Turkish male triple jumpers. The findings were obtained during the official competitions. All trials of the athletes were recorded by two camcorders. The photocells which are used to determine running times of athletes have been established 1m, 6m and 11m distance from the takeoff board. Velocities for 11m-6m section (V1), 6m-1m section (V2), total 10m (V10) and difference between V2 and V1 (V2-V1) were calculated for each jump. The official jump distances were recorded. Best performance of the athletes were analysed by the two dimensional analysis software. The official distance, actual distance, distance lost at takeoff , hop distance, step distance, jump distance, hop percentage, jump percentage and step percentage, step length and velocity variables, contact time variables were measured and calculated. General characteristics of the participants were presented as means and standard deviations (±SD). Pearson correlation coefficients (r) were used to express the relationships between parameters. Linear regression analysis was used to find coefficients of determination (r2) for the relationships. Results. It was found relationships between horizontal velocity variables and jumping distance. A strong correlation is between V10 and official distance (r=0.88, p<0.05, r 2 =0.78). It was established a linear regression model to explain this relation[Predictive distance=(1.822*V10)-1.952]. Furthermore the technical effectiveness score can calculated with the measured distance divided by predictive distance during the competition or technical training. Conclusion. This study has demonstrated that the approach velocity is highly related to jumping performance in triple jump. It can be suggested that the speed ability should be priority testing in talent identification in triple jump. In addition, the effectiveness score which is explained in this study can use by the athletic coaches to assess of their athletes' technical level.

Journal of Educational Issues, 2020

Aim of this study was to determine variables of elite athletes' competition seasons in vertical j... more Aim of this study was to determine variables of elite athletes' competition seasons in vertical jumping events and to determine relationships between these variables. Also, to constitute prediction models of season best (SB) and season performance average based on season first performance to offer a new insight for coaching education. Research group consisted of male and female elite athletes who ranked in the top 100 in high jump (HJ) and pole vault (PV), during 2018 season. Athletes' competition information was reached from 2018 world rankings. Ages, total number of days in season, days between competitions, total number of competitions, number of competitions that season's best score was performed, ratio of SB to total number of competitions, percentages of first, end, average scores were calculated. Statistical comparison of gender groups was analyzed using Independent Samples t-Test. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to express relationships. Polynomial regression analysis was used to find coefficients of determination for relationships. Quadratic equations average of first two performances by gender/events. In PV, there were differences between genders for season first, end, and average percentages calculated according to SB (p < 0.05).
Strong relationships were determined between season average and season first performances in female athletes. Predicted models created according to season first performance may be considered as early evaluations for coaches. Coach can use these prediction models as a new
and different education material for their training plans. By doing so, in case of calculating a prediction far away from the coach’s aim it is possible that coach can take necessary measures at the beginning of season.

The Online Journal of Recreation and Sports, 2020

Today, long-term athlete development programs are used as an alternative to traditional athlete t... more Today, long-term athlete development programs are used as an alternative to traditional athlete training programs. They aim to make sport as a lifestyle, rather than compressing athlete development into a short period of time. In long-term athlete development programs, all processes are planned on the basis of the biological development periods of the athletes and their development characteristics in these periods, rather than their chronological age, which is taken as the basis in traditional athlete development methods. Sports branches are divided into two as early specialization and late specialization sports. Gymnastics requires skill, coordination, and a developed central nervous system; thus, it is categorized among the early specialization sports.

Ovidius Science, Movement and Health, 2021

Problem Statement: Triple Jump (TJ) is one of the horizontal jumping events of athletics and the ... more Problem Statement: Triple Jump (TJ) is one of the horizontal jumping events of athletics and the training plan is considered to be indispensable for achieving targeted performance in TJ, as in other athletic events. If the annual plans are determined according to the requirements specific to the sports event; high-efficiency levels can be reached by athletes. Examining a competition season of the elite athletes ranked in the top 100 of the worlds and creating prediction models of the season's best and season average performances based on the average of the first two performances (AF2P) will help trainers and training scientists to plan a competition period. For this reason, the current study aimed to determine the variables of elite athletes' competition seasons in TJ events and to constitute estimation models of SB and season average performance based on AF2P. Methods. The research group consisted of male and female elite athletes ranked in the top 100 in TJ during the 2018 season. Participants' competition information was reached from the 2018 world rankings published on the International Athletic Federation's (IAAF) official web page. The age of the athletes, the total number of days in the season, the number of competitions, the season's best score (SB) according to the season average, the percentages of the initial and end scores were calculated. General characteristics of the participants were presented as means and standard deviations (±SD). Pearson correlation coefficients (r) were used to express the relationships between parameters. Quadratic equations were used to find coefficients of determination (r 2) for the relationships. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results. A statistically significant, positive, and high correlation was found in female triple jumpers (r=0.80; p<0.001), and a moderate relationship was found for men TJ (r=0.71; p<0.001). There was a high positive correlation between season average and AF2P for both female and male athletes (r=0.88; p<0.001; r=0.80; p<0.001; respectively). When the relationship between AF2P and season-end performance was examined, it was calculated that there was a moderate level relationship for female jumpers (r=0.62; p<0.001) and weak relationships for male (r=0.41; p<0.001) triple jumpers. Conclusion. The prediction models based on the AF2P will be used to predict the best performance of the season and these equations can be considered as an early evaluation for the coaches to predict the whole season.

Herkes için Spor ve Rekreasyon Dergisi, 2021

The main goal of the athletes and coaches is to reach peak performance in major competitions. For... more The main goal of the athletes and coaches is to reach peak performance in major
competitions. For this reason, understanding the elite-level athletes’ performances
during a season may provide useful information for training designs. The current
study aimed to compare the performance variables of male athletes who achieved
to compete in the finals and who were not successful during the qualification
competitions and couldn’t compete in the finals during the 2019 World Athletics
Championship, jumping events, and to examine the relationships between
performance variables. A total of 107 male athletes’ (45 competed in the finals and 62
eliminated in the qualifications) performance variables from the 2019 World Athletics
Championship were examined. Similarities and differences were determined with
the Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman correlation analysis was used to examine
the relationships among variables. According to the results of the study; Season
mean performance (S-Mean) and the difference between the best performance of
the season and qualification competition performance (WCH-Q) were found to be
different between groups for all jumping events. Besides, season-best performance
(SB) showed significant differences for all jumping events, except the high jump.
When SB was evaluated for the long jump and high jump, it was seen that there
was a significant difference between groups. In this study, it was found that the
season average performance of the athletes competing in the final in the long jump
and other jumping events was related to their final performance. Therefore, it can be
interpreted that the athletes who have a high average during the competition season
have a higher average performance in the world championship final competition.

Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 2021

The long jump is defined as an athletic event, and it has also been a standard event in modern Ol... more The long jump is defined as an athletic event, and it has also been a standard event in modern Olympic Games. The purpose of the athletes is to make the distance as far as possible from a jumping point. The main purpose of this study was to determine the most successful machine learning algorithm in the prediction of the long jump distance of male athletes. In this paper, we used age and velocity variables for predicting the long jump performance of athletes. During the research, 328 valid jumps belonging to 73 Turkish male athletes were used as data. In determining the most successful algorithm, mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), Mean Squared Error (MSE), R 2 score, Explained Variance Score (EVS), and Mean Squared Logarithmic Error (MSLE) values were taken into consideration. The outcomes of the analysis showed that long jump performance can be determined by chosen independent variables. The 5-fold cross-validation technique was used for the performance evaluation of the models. As a result of the experimental tests, the Gradient Boosting Regression Trees (GBRT) algorithm reached the best result with an MSE value of 0.0865. In this study, it was concluded that the machine learning approach suggested can be used by trainers to determine the long jump performance of male athletes.

Journal of Intelligent Systems: Theory and Applications , 2022

The long jump is defined as an athletic event, and it has also been a standard event in modern Ol... more The long jump is defined as an athletic event, and it has also been a standard event in modern Olympic Games. The purpose of the athletes is to make the distance as far as possible from a jumping point. The main purpose of this study was to determine the most successful machine learning algorithm in the prediction of the long jump distance of male athletes. In this paper, we used age and velocity variables for predicting the long jump performance of athletes. During the research, 328 valid jumps belonging to 73 Turkish male athletes were used as data. In determining the most successful algorithm, mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), Mean Squared Error (MSE), R 2 score, Explained Variance Score (EVS), and Mean Squared Logarithmic Error (MSLE) values were taken into consideration. The outcomes of the analysis showed that long jump performance can be determined by chosen independent variables. The 5-fold cross-validation technique was used for the performance evaluation of the models. As a result of the experimental tests, the Gradient Boosting Regression Trees (GBRT) algorithm reached the best result with an MSE value of 0.0865. In this study, it was concluded that the machine learning approach suggested can be used by trainers to determine the long jump performance of male athletes.

Gazi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 2022

Limited number of researches exist on the relationship between PPARGC1A gene polymorphism (rs8192... more Limited number of researches exist on the relationship between PPARGC1A gene polymorphism (rs8192678) and affects the athletic performance. Thus, the present study aims to decipher any possible association of the rs8192678 polymorphism in the PPARGC1A gene with the competitive performances of Turkish elite track and field athletes. A total of 60 elite athletes (31 sprint/power and 29 endurance) and 20 control/sedentary with the ages of 18-35 voluntarily participated in the study. The International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) score scale was used to determine the performance levels of the personal best (PB) of the athletes. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed by the genomic DNA sample isolated from blood of the participants. The association between rs8192678 polymorphism and PB was examined by one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with the adjustment of sex and sport experience. According to the results, there were not any significant deviation between the wild-type (G/G), heterozygote (G/A) and homozygote (A/A) genotypes within and between the groups (p>0.05). Our results underlined that there were not any significances for association of rs8192678 polymorphism with PBs within the groups of the sprint/power and endurance athletes. However, it is recommended that similar studies be conducted with more participants to provide clearer information about the research.

Ovidius University Annals, Series Physical Education and Sport/Science, Movement and Health, 2022

The purpose of this review is to synthesize all the observational studies that studied the effect... more The purpose of this review is to synthesize all the observational studies that studied the effects of eSports on sleep. In addition, it has systematically brought together all peer-reviewed observational studies related to the sleep of eSports gamers to draw the attention of field academicians and researchers to the issue related to eSports and promote observational studies on future in the field of sports sciences. Playing eSports games or competing in these games can have significant consequences for players' health. As the popularity of eSports continues to grow rapidly around the world, studies focusing on understanding the health risks and benefits associated with eSports competition and participation have been delayed. Sufficient attention has not been paid to the development and evaluation of preventive interventions which address the harms that video games interrelating with eSports can cause. Similarly, there are gaps in the evidence on ways to encourage safe and healthy digital gaming among the ever-growing eSports gamers population. In order to develop evidence-based guidelines and intervention strategies that include sleep and sleep quality, these gaps need to be filled with scientific research.

European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science, 2022

This review article aims to synthesize all the observational studies that examined the effects of... more This review article aims to synthesize all the observational studies that examined the effects of video gaming on nutritional behaviors. In addition, it is aimed to draw the attention of field academicians and researchers to the issue related to video gaming and to shed light on future observational studies in the field of sports sciences. All peer-reviewed observational studies on the nutritional behaviors of video gamers have been systematically examined and collected. Playing video games or playing them for a long time can have significant consequences on the health of those who play. While interest in video games or online digital games is increasing rapidly, studies focusing on understanding the health risks and benefits associated with them are long overdue. There is a need to develop and evaluate preventive interventions that address the harms video games can cause. Similarly, there are gaps in the evidence on ways to encourage safe and healthy digital gaming among the ever-growing video gamer population. In order to develop evidence-based guidelines and intervention strategies that include nutritional behaviors, these gaps need to be filled with scientific research.

CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY, 2022

In the present study, the mindfulness levels of track and field (athletics) athletes were evaluat... more In the present study, the mindfulness levels of track and field (athletics) athletes were evaluated based on variables such as branch of sports (sprints, middle-distance, jumps and throws), gender, age, national athlete status, personel best record and athletic experience. 213 certified athletes (67 female-22.6% and 146 male-49.3%) competing at the national and international level in the branches of sprints, middle-distance, jumps and throws as part of different clubs affiliated to the Turkish Athletic Federation in the year 2020 and performing regular training at least 6 days a week voluntarily participated in the study. In the present cross-sectional study, the Mindfulness Inventory for Sport (MIS) developed by Thienot et al. (2014) and adapted to Turkish by Tingaz (2020c) was used. Data collection was carried out online through Google Forms. The independent t-test and the one-way analysis of variance were used in the evaluation of data. Based on the findings of the present study, it was determined that the athletes with high performance had higher mindfulness levels. Additionally, it was found that the national athletes and the athletes with high training experience had higher mindfulness levels in different sub-dimensions and in terms of the gender variable, the mindfulness levels of the female participants were higher. It is also notable that the athletes who perform mental training had higher mindfulness levels compared to those who do not. In the evaluation based on branches, it was observed that the sprinters were more competent in the refocusing sub-dimension compared to the athletes in all other branches. The findings obtained in the present study indicated that mindfulness can be affected by different variables. However, considering that the most important goal for athletes is to improve their performance, it is important for them to be aware of the positive effects of mindfulness. Based on this, it can be suggested for athletes to include mindfulness exercises in their training program and develop this approach as much as possible in order to support their athletic performance.

International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education, 2022

This research was conducted to examine the physiological and performance responses of repeated sp... more This research was conducted to examine the physiological and performance responses of repeated sprint tests in female athletes. Thirteen female athletes from Bingöl province participated in the research. The measurements were made in the Bingöl University gym. In the study, height, body weight, age, year of sport, body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage measurements were taken for the descriptive characteristics of the participants. For repeated sprint measurements, the participants, on three separate days and in random order, participated straight repetition sprint (6x25m; straight repeat sprint test) with a 25-second passive rest, 180° shuttle repeat sprint (6x(2x12.5m); shuttle repeat sprint test) and 100 ° change of direction (6x25m; repeated sprint test with change of direction) tests. After three different repeated sprint tests, the participants' best sprint time, total sprint time and performance decrease percentage values were determined as performance responses. In addition, resting heart rate and heart rate during warm-up were determined by a polar clock. The mean age of the athletes participating in the study was 20.46±1.66, the year of sport was 5.00±3.69, height 1.66±0.05 m, body weight 50.06±5.65 kg, body mass index 18.00±1.68 kg/height2, body fat percentage 22.70±2.33 (%) and skeletal muscle weight 17.56±4.98 (%). As a result of the comparison of different sprint tests, no significant difference was found in the number of resting heartbeats before the warm-up and the percentage of performance decrease (%) (p>0.05). As a result of different sprint tests, a significant difference was found at the p<0.05 level in the pre-exercise heart rate, best sprint time, total sprint time and perceived difficulty levelmax values. It is seen in the table 2 that the straight repeated sprint test-the best sprint time values are better than the shuttle repeated sprint test-the best sprint test and the repetitive sprint test with change of direction-best sprint time. Likewise, it was determined that the straight repeated sprint testtotal sprint time values were better than the shuttle repeated sprint-total sprint time and repetitive sprint test with change of direction-total sprint time values. As a result, although straight, shuttle and repetitive sprint tests with change of direction show differences in terms of

The Online Journal of Recreation and Sports , 2023

Fransa Bisiklet Turunu dünyanın en popüler yarışlarından birisi olması ve mayo klasmanlarında göz... more Fransa Bisiklet Turunu dünyanın en popüler yarışlarından birisi olması ve mayo klasmanlarında gözlemlenen literatür eksikliğinden bu çalışmanın yapılmasına ihtiyaç duyulmuştur. Bu çalışmanın amacı 2000-2022 yılları arasındaki Fransa Bisiklet Turunda beyaz mayo, kırmızı mayo ve yeşil mayo klasmanındaki ilk üç (toplam; altmış dokuz) sporcunun müsabaka sonuçlarının, genel klasman sıralamasıyla ilişkisinin çeşitli değişkenlere göre incelenmesidir. Çalışmadaki sporcuların yarış sonuçları Procyclingstats ve Tour de France sitelerinden alınmıştır. Her mayo klasmanı için ilk üç sırada yer alan 69 sporcunun genel klasmandaki sıraları yaş, sıra, hız değişkenleriyle karşılaştırılmıştır. Normal dağılım sergilemeyen verilerin karşılaştırılmasında Kruskal Wallis ve Spearman korelasyon testleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarında beyaz mayo klasmanındaki ilk üç sporcunun genel klasmandaki ortalama sıraları arasında anlamlı farklılık tespit edilmiştir. Beyaz mayo klasmanındaki ilk üç sporcunun “genel klasman sıraları” ile arasında pozitif yönde yüksek düzeyde (rho=0,726), yeşil mayo klasmanındaki (puana dayalı) ilk üç sporcunun “genel klasman sıraları ” ve “ortalama hız” arasında negatif yönde orta düzeyde (rho=-0,477), kırmızı mayo klasmanındaki (puana dayalı) ilk üç sporcunun “genel klasman sıraları” ve “ortalama hız” arasında negatif yönde orta düzeyde (rho=-0,429) ve “genel klasman sırası” ile “genel klasman yaş” arasında pozitif yönde düşük düzeyde bir ilişki (rho=0,29), olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Kırmızı ve yeşil mayo klasman sıralamaları puanla ve beyaz mayo klasmanı sporcuların bitirme sürelerine göre belirlenmektedir. Kırmızı mayo klasmanındaki kişiler en iyi yokuş çıkan sporcular olduğu için bu kişilerin yaş faktörüyle düşük düzeyde ilişkili olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

The Online Journal of Recreation and Sport, 2023

In the short-distance running branches of athletics, the athlete is expected to maintain his conc... more In the short-distance running branches of athletics, the athlete is expected to maintain his concentration and control his negative emotions before the start command. The body language of athletes can give important clues about their "true" inner state. For this reason, it is important to analyse the non-verbal behaviours of the athletes before starting the competition. In line with this importance, the aim of the present study is to analyse the precompetition nonverbal behaviours of the athletes and examine their effect on their performance. 79 male athletes aged 18 and over competing in the 60-metre branch participated in the research. Since they were ready at the exit block, the time until the "to your places" command was recorded on video. The nonverbal behaviours of the athletes were analysed by using the BAP (Body Action-Posture) coding system through the recorded videos. Statistical analyses were made with the obtained numerical data. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the sprinters who exhibited the movements of "bringing the chest out, keeping the head down, keeping the left hand on the waist, keeping the right arm at the side, and keeping the right arm in front" had a significantly better time to finish the race than the others. As a result of this thesis study, it has been revealed that some non-verbal behaviours of the athletes explain a certain part of their performance. It has been discussed in this study that nonverbal behaviours can give clues about the mental state of the athlete as well as the outcome of the competition.

ROL Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 2023

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of regular book reading activity on attention ... more The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of regular book reading activity on attention level and reaction time in student athletes. The study group consists of 33 student athletes, 17 individuals in control group and 16 individuals in experiment group, doing individual or team sports. Experiment group read books for a period of 40 minutes, three times a week. In addition to personal information form, "Visual Attention Test" is applied to volunteers. The data of the research were evaluated in the SPSS program. Differences were observed in reaction time of students who regularly read books and not (p<0.05). While no difference was observed in accuracy ratio of student athletes who do not read books, differences were found in student athletes who read (p<0.05). While no differences were observed on accuracy ratio of student athletes doing individual sports who do not read books regularly, differences were determined on accuracy ratio of student athletes doing team sports. There were differences on accuracy ratio of student athletes doing individual sports or team sports and who read books regularly. In conclusion, it is determined that students doing individual sports or team sports who read books regularly have better attention levels compared to those who do not read books.

International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences, 2023

The aim of this study is to review the existing literature on the musculoskeletal system symptoms... more The aim of this study is to review the existing literature on the musculoskeletal system symptoms associated with digital gaming. Literature related to the subject was searched in Web of Knowledge, PubMed, Medline, PsycINFO, Proquest, Google Scholar, and Sport Discuss databases. Articles published from 2010 to 2022 were scanned using keywords describing digital gaming-related postural disturbances, and musculoskeletal system exposure (pain, muscle activity). The articles were independently scanned by three authors, the relevant data were extracted, and the methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated. A total of 1252 articles were scanned for eligibility. Eleven articles are included in the study. Systematic reviews and meta-analysis studies were not included in our study. A wide range of prevalence rates of musculoskeletal complaints in different body regions has been reported, with the highest prevalence commonly found in neck complaints. This review has only found some evidence showing that a neck flexion posture as well as the frequency of digital gaming are associated with musculoskeletal disorders and pain, postural disorders among users of digital devices. The findings were presented and discussed in relation to the effects of digital games on posture and the musculoskeletal system. There is limited evidence that digital gaming and its various aspects (occupancy and properties) are associated with musculoskeletal system symptoms and exposures. Therefore, it is considered that evidence-based guidelines should be presented by experts for the wise use of digital games.

Kilis 7 Aralık Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi , 2023

It is important to set the correct pace throughout the competition in the race-walking. It is see... more It is important to set the correct pace throughout the competition in the race-walking. It is seen as an important performance component for trainers to develop a strategic plan for race-walking competitions. The aim of this study is to create models according to the average speed change attitude of the athletes divided into different performance groups according to the results of the major race-walking competitions. Material & Method: The study findings from the results of the competitions, the 2 km lap times in the competitions were recorded for each athlete. By using these times, the averages of the lap transition speeds of the athletes were calculated both cumulatively and separately for each 2 km. Findings: Based on the findings, velocity variation models were created in three different performance groups. When the models are designing, the groups are podium athletes (Model A), the athletes (Model B) with better results than the Olympic entry standard, and the athletes (Model C) with below performance than the Olympic entry standard. It was seen that the highest speed value reached by the athletes within the scope of Model C in 2 km laps was accepted as 100% (3.51 m/s between 2-4 km), and an advantageous result could be achieved at the rate of 3.8% when the speed percentage distributions of Model A were applied to this group. If the competition speed percentage distributions of Model B are applied, this rate rises to 7.8%. The podium athletes (Model A) reached their maximum speed (3.8 m/s) in the 16-18 km phase of the competition, while the lowest speed was between 0-2 km with 3.64 m/s. It is a striking finding that the group with the lowest starting speed among the three models was in Model A, the podium athletes' group. Results: As a result, three different competition strategy models based on the speed variables of the athletes in different performance groups were introduced with the current research. To targeted competition results, coaches can use these models to create their own performance strategies or adapt these models according to their priorities.

Spor Bilimleri Alanında Akademik Çalışmalar-2, 2020

Çobanoğlu, H. O., & Bayraktar, I. (2020). Voleybolda Pliometrik Antrenman ve Alt Ekstremite Pliom... more Çobanoğlu, H. O., & Bayraktar, I. (2020). Voleybolda Pliometrik Antrenman ve Alt Ekstremite Pliometrik Egzersizler. In Ö. Karataş (Ed.), Spor Bilimleri Alanında Akademik Çalışmalar-2 (pp. 157–172). Ankara: Gece Kitaplığı.

Güven Plus Grup A.Ş. Yayınları, 2019

Sporda üst düzey performans seviyelerine ulaşabilmenin, branşa uy- gun sporcunun bulunması ve eği... more Sporda üst düzey performans seviyelerine ulaşabilmenin, branşa uy- gun sporcunun bulunması ve eğitilmesi ile gerçekleşebileceği düşüncesi, spor bilimlerinde “yeteneğin taranması, belirlenmesi, seçilmesi ve eğitimi” süreçleri- nin sistematik olarak oluşturulmasını sağlamıştır. Konunun tarihsel gelişiminde ülkelerin siyasi yönetim yapılanması ve spor politikalarına bağlı farklı modeller geliştirilmiştir. Bilimsel yetenek seçimi uygulamalarının ilk madalyaları 1972- 1984 arası yapılan olimpiyat oyunlarında kendini göstermiştir. Zamanla dünya- nın değişen şartları içerisinde farklı ülkelerde ya gücünü kaybetmiş veya form değiştirmiştir. Kendi ülke yapısına uymayan kopya modellerin çoğu, ülkemiz- deki örnekleri gibi, amacına ulaşamadan tıkanmış, zaman ve kaynak israfıyla hayal kırıklığından öteye gidememiştir. Günümüzde “Uzun Dönem Sporcu Ge- lişimi” (LTAD: Long Term Athlete Development) programıyla geleneksel yete- nek seçiminin zirve hedefi olan olimpik başarı planlanmakta, bu çerçeve dışında kalanlar ise fiziksel okur-yazarlık eğitimi ile spor yapma alışkanlığı olan birey- ler olarak topluma kazandırılmaktadır. Geleneksel yetenek seçiminin yaygın uy- gulamalarında gözlenen, branşın gerektirdiği fiziksel özellikler ile performans bileşenlerinden oluşan test ve ölçüm protokolleri, belirlenen takvim yaşındaki çocuklara uygulanarak normlara göre seçim süreçleri gerçekleştirilmektedir. İlk temasın gerçekleştiği bu anın öncesi “karanlık dönem” olarak isimlenebilecek geleneksel yöntemin alternatifi olan LTAD’de ise bu dönem planlı ve programlı eğitim ile aydınlanmaktadır.

II. International Congress of Athletic Performance Health in Sports, 2020

Yüz metre sürat koşu branşında reaksiyon zamanı, patlayıcı kuvvet, maksimal sürat ve süratte deva... more Yüz metre sürat koşu branşında reaksiyon zamanı, patlayıcı kuvvet, maksimal sürat ve süratte devamlılık performansın bileşenleri olarak ifade edilir. Sıçrama testlerinin sürat performansındaki bu evreler ile ilişkilerini inceleyen sınırlı sayıda çalışma vardır. Bu araştırmanın amacı squat sıçrama (SJ), aktif sıçrama (CMJ) ve derinlik sıçraması (DJ) testlerinin 60m ve 6x50m tekrarlı sprint test değişkenleri ile ilişkilerini incelemektir. Araştırma kapsamında 16 elit erkek sprintere SJ, CMJ ve DJ testleri, bir dakika dinlenme aralıklı 6x50m tekrarlı sprint testi ve 10 m ara geçiş sürelerinin kaydedildiği 60m maksimal sürat koşu testi uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgularda, değişkenler arasındaki ilişkileri belirlemek için korelasyon analizi kullanılmıştır. CMJ değerlerinin, maksimal sprint testindeki 30-60 arasındaki 10m ara geçiş değişkenleri ile ilişkili olduğu görülmüştür. DJ testinin sadece 30-40m aralığındaki koşu süresi ile ilişkisi tespit edilmiştir. Tekrarlı sprint testi ile dikey sıçrama test değişkenleri arasındaki ilişkiler incelendiğinde, dikey sıçrama değerleri ile ilk beş 50 metrelik koşu sürelerinin orta düzeyde, negatif yönde ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişkileri olduğu görülmüştür. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre dikey sıçrama performansı iyi olan sporcuların 30-60 metre arasındaki maksimal sürat evresinde daha yüksek performans sergileyebilecekleri söylenebilir.

ABSTRACT
Reaction time, explosive power, maximal speed and speed endurance are expressed as components of performance for hundred meters sprint event. There are a limited number of studies examining the relationship between jump tests and phases in speed performance. The aim of the current study was to analyze the relationships of squat jump (SJ), counter movement jump (CMJ) and drop jump (DJ) with 60m sprint and 6x50m repeated sprint tests. SJ, CMJ, DJ, 6x50m repeated sprint test with 1 min rest and 60m maximal speed test (each 10m sprint scores recorded) were applied to 16 male elite sprinters. Correlation analysis were used to determine the relationships among variables. CMJ was found to be in a relationship with 10m sprint scores between 30-60m. DJ was has only been found to be related to running time in the 30-40m. When the relationships between the repeated sprint test and the vertical jump test variables were examined, it was seen that the vertical jump values and the first five 50m running times had moderate, negative and statistically significant relationships. According to the results of the research, it can be said that athletes with good vertical jump performance can exhibit better performance in the maximal speed phase between 30-60m.