Akram Morsy | Agriculture Research Center, Egypt (original) (raw)

Papers by Akram Morsy

Agronomy

Water scarcity and weed infestation are major challenges to soybean production. Therefore, two fi... more Water scarcity and weed infestation are major challenges to soybean production. Therefore, two field experiments were conducted in a strip plot design including three replicates in the 2019 and 2020 summer seasons at Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Agricultural Research Centre, Egypt, to investigate the effect of three irrigation levels (I0 (100%), I1 (90%), and I2 (80%)), and six weed control treatments of pendimethalin (T1), oxyfluorfen (T2), bentazon + clethodim (T3), imazethapyr (T4), hand-hoeing twice (T5), and untreated check (T6) on annual weeds, physiological traits, water relations, and yield and its components of soybean cv Giza 111. Results indicated that intermediate irrigation levels lead to the highest yield and economic return, while the herbicide program that resulted in the greatest weed control gave the highest yield. The rate of weed infestation in field experiments was 19.7 and 21.8 t ha−1 dry weights, which decreased soybean yield by 56.9 and 57.1%, compare...

Journal of Sohag Agriscience (JSAS)

Mean performance and genetic variability were assessed in four soybean genotypes and their F1 cro... more Mean performance and genetic variability were assessed in four soybean genotypes and their F1 crosses using phenotypic data and SRAP markers under drought stress conditions. The results showed that mean squares of G x E interaction were found to be highly significant for most studied traits. Also, the mean performances of four parents and their 6 crosses were variable from normal irrigation to drought stress condition. It could be observed that the parent genotype P2 were relatively stress tolerant parent with the DSI value of 0.5. Using SRAP markers, a total of 49 bands were amplified, of which 24 bands (48.98%) were found polymorphic. Furthermore, the polymorphic band numbers ranged from 2 to 6 bands. The percentage of polymorphism (%P) ranged from 40% (ME2-EM10 primers) to 62% (ME7-EM6 primers) with an average of 48.85%. The SRAP marker ME5-EM1590bp was regarded probably as candidate marker which linked to plant height trait. Interestingly, three different markers (ME1-EM6950bp, EM4-ME61000bp and EM7-ME6970bp) were regarded as candidate markers linked to number of branches per plant. The results showed highly significant and significant regressions (0.3249**, P= 0.013) and (45.04*, P= 0.053) on number of branches per plant and plant height traits, respectively. The UPGMA cluster analysis based on the SRAP markers and the means of morphological traits separated the soybean parental genotypes into two significantly different clusters. Finally, the correlation between the two markers is not significant (r = 0.565, P=0.932).

Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 2016

Journal of Plant Production, 2015

Two field experiments were conducted during the two successive seasons of 2013 and 2014 at Sakha ... more Two field experiments were conducted during the two successive seasons of 2013 and 2014 at Sakha Agricultural Research Station, to evaluate the efficiency of plant densities, genotypes and weed control treatments on soybean and associated weeds. Split-split plot design with four replications was used. The main plots included three plant densities (168000, 144000 and 120000 plants/ fed), the sub plots included two soybean genotypes (Giza 111 and Toano). Meanwhile, the sub-sub plots included six weed control treatments (prometryne at 1.0 L/fed; pendimethalin at 1.5 L/fed) plus one hand hoeing; (prometryne and pendimethan) followed by fluzifop-pbuty at of 1.0 L/fed, hand hoeing twice and unweeded control treatment. Results showed that increasing plant density reduced dry weight of broadleaved, grassy and total weeds under combined, reduced dry weight of broad-leaved, grassy and total weeds by 26.4, 27.9 and 26.9%, to Toano. However, Giza 111 suppressed the growth of broad-leaved, grassy and total weeds by 28.7, 24.7 and 27.3%, respectively, and increased soybean seed yield by 6.67%. All weed control treatments reduced dry weight of broad-leaved, grassy and total weeds as compared with control treatment. Yield losses under control treatment were estimated by 39.66% as compared with prometryne/ one hand hoeing treatment. Seed yield (ton/fed) was positively correlated with yield components and negatively correlated with most weeds in combined analysis. Thus, weed control of soybean depended on weed control integrated in this crop. Whereas plant density reduced the weeds by 26.9%, genotypes by 27.3% and prometryne/one hand hoeing by 89.8%. Meanwhile, the integration between such factors as plant density, genotypes and weed control treatments reduced the weeds by 94.0%.

Journal of Plant Production, 2015

The genotype × environment (G×E) interaction is considered a stumbling block to plant breeders, s... more The genotype × environment (G×E) interaction is considered a stumbling block to plant breeders, since the presence of significant GxE interaction component can complicate the identification of superior genotypes and reduce the usefulness of selection. Seed yields of 26 soybean genotypes were evaluated in three locations i.e. Sakha, Etay ElBaroud and Mallawy, through four successive summer seasons from 2012 to 2015. The used design was a randomized complete block design with three replications. This research is aimed to estimate the stability parameters of seed yield of 26 soybean genotypes over twelve environmental conditions and to examine the usefulness and validity of a new simple stability method comparing with four widely used methods. The four stability methods follow three main statistical models namely; regression, variance, and non-parametric approaches. Results showed highly significant mean squares for genotypes, environments and G×E interaction indicating that the tested genotypes exhibited different responses to environmental conditions giving the justification for running stability analysis. The terms of predictable (linear) and unpredictable (non-linear) interaction components were highly significant indicating that the tested soybean genotypes were different in their relative stability. The two soybean cultivars Giza 111 and Giza 21 in addition to their high mean yields, they met all the rules of stable genotypes. Therefore, both cultivars could be considered a good breeding material stock in any future breeding program. Also, when the simplified stability method was applied, the unstable eighteen genotypes were differentiated into three classes. These classes included three genotypes (L162, H29 L115, and H2 L12) were adapted to the unpredictable low yielding environments, while five others (H15 L273, L163, H3 L4, H4 L24 and DR 101) were adapted to high yielding environments. Whereas, the rest ten genotypes were unstable over the low, medium and high environmental groups. The results proved also that, the proposed stability method of Thillainathan and Fernandez (2002) is very simple and easy to apply, understand and interpret by agronomists and plant breeders than the other popular stability models. Also, it is possible to support the results of this stability method by a scatter plot diagram that enable the researchers to visually, directly and quickly compare the mean yield performance and stability of the tested genotypes.

Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research

Genetic diversity of cultivated soybean {Glycine max (L.) Merrill} 2n = 40 is very narrow, althou... more Genetic diversity of cultivated soybean {Glycine max (L.) Merrill} 2n = 40 is very narrow, although includes diversity for many obvious morphological traits. A field experiment was conducted to study characterize of fifteen soybean genotypes on agro-morphological trait basis and to identify genetic diversity using SDS-PAGE, with resistance to defoliating insects, at Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Kafr ElShiekh, Egypt during 2017 and 2018 seasons,. Morphological description was performed with 10 qualitative and 7 quantitative traits and screening for defoliation by cotton leaf worm in the open field. The results exhibited significant differences among the tested fifteen genotypes for all studied characters. Defoliation of test plants by the cotton leaf worm, in the field screenings system showed that genotypes H 14 L 8 , H 1 L 10S , H 1 L 10 and H 10 L 10 recorded the highest rating values of insect resistant to cotton leaf worm with defoliation rating (0.0-0.2), whereas, soybean genotype H 5 L 21 showed the highest insect susceptible and had defoliation rating (3.8) indicating heavy insect feeding, over both seasons. Genotypes H 11 L 145 and H 14 L 8 recorded the highest values of seed yield/fad., this attributed to the considerable increase in their number of branches/plant, number of pods/plant, and 100-seed weight, in both seasons. This indicates that such genotypes are the promising ones. The protein identification indicated that the pattern was uniform where each genotype was not affected by year or location. The soybean genotypes were different in their banding pattern and each one is characterized by certain proteins with different molecular weight. Cluster analysis based on qualitative morphological characters showed clear separation of genotypes on the basis of their plant growth habit.

Genetic diversity of cultivated soybean is very narrow. This may threaten the ability of breeders... more Genetic diversity of cultivated soybean is very narrow. This may threaten the ability of breeders to sustain improvement and increase vulnerability of the crop to yields. The objective of this research was to assess genetic diversity of six genotypes i.e., Giza 21, Giza 22, Giza 111, Crawford, Toano and line H30 by morphological and molecular markers using Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) markers, to use this information in soybean future breeding programs. Eleven ISSR primers were tested and six of them amplified clear and reproducible bands. A total of ISSR fragments were detected, of which (65.7%) were polymorphic. Based on morphological and molecular analysis the four cultivars Giza 21, Giza 22, Giza 111 and Crawford have low genetic diversity and clustered in one group. Only Toano cultivar was positioned in another group. Moreover, the line H 30 as a promising genotype was highly diverged from other genotypes. It seems to be using Toano and line H30 as distinct and exotic g...

Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research

Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research, Sep 1, 2019

ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Water stress is a serious threat to the agricultural production Osmoprotect... more ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Water stress is a serious threat to the agricultural production Osmoprotectants stresses research was conducted aimed at assessing the Impact of exogenous osmoreg application in alleviating the adverse effects of water stress on soybean. The results indicated that, water Stress significantly reduced nitrogen content which results in the reduction of seed yield. While, Water stress resulted in a s against water stress was observed, the improvement of water stress tolerance resulted from compost with compare mineral application, as well as exogenous osmoprotectants were impr nitrogen content which results in the increase of seed yield. Interestingly, the combined application mineral fertilizer and exogenous osmoprotectants could to be more effective in alleviating the adverse effect of water stress to improve

Two field experiments were conducted during the two successive seasons of 2013 and 2014 at Sakha ... more Two field experiments were conducted during the two successive seasons of 2013 and 2014 at Sakha Agricultural Research Station, to evaluate the efficiency of plant densities, genotypes and weed control treatments on soybean and associated weeds. Split-split plot design with four replications was used. The main plots included three plant densities (168000, 144000 and 120000 plants/ fed), the sub plots included two soybean genotypes (Giza 111 and Toano). Meanwhile, the sub-sub plots included six weed control treatments (prometryne at 1.0 L/fed; pendimethalin at 1.5 L/fed) plus one hand hoeing; (prometryne and pendimethan) followed by fluzifop-p-buty at of 1.0 L/fed, hand hoeing twice and unweeded control treatment. Results showed that increasing plant density reduced dry weight of broad-leaved, grassy and total weeds under combined, reduced dry weight of broad-leaved, grassy and total weeds by 26.4, 27.9 and 26.9%, to Toano. However, Giza 111 suppressed the growth of broad-leaved, grassy and total weeds by 28.7, 24.7 and 27.3%, respectively, and increased soybean seed yield by 6.67%. All weed control treatments reduced dry weight of broad-leaved, grassy and total weeds as compared with control treatment. Yield losses under control treatment were estimated by 39.66% as compared with prometryne/ one hand hoeing treatment. Seed yield (ton/fed) was positively correlated with yield components and negatively correlated with most weeds in combined analysis. Thus, weed control of soybean depended on weed control integrated in this crop. Whereas plant density reduced the weeds by 26.9%, genotypes by 27.3% and prometryne/one hand hoeing by 89.8%. Meanwhile, the integration between such factors as plant density, genotypes and weed control treatments reduced the weeds by 94.0%.

Spatial variability is a common problem perhaps faces the agronomists and plant breeders in varie... more Spatial variability is a common problem perhaps faces the agronomists and plant breeders in variety trials especially with large number of genotypes. Although, the blocking system using complete or incomplete block designs accounted for a proportion of this local heterogeneity as inter-block variability, a considerable amount of intra-block variability still remains unaccounted for, however, and this may lead to mask the differences between genotype means. To hold this undesirable part of variability, yield data from 33 genotypes of soybean and three released cultivars (Crawford, Giza 111 and Giza 35) were analyzed in a variety trial using randomized complete block design (RCBD), simple square lattice (6x6) and trend analysis. The field experiments were conducted at Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, during 2009 and 2010 seasons. The coefficient of determination (R 2) of the model, coefficient of variation (CV %), Relative efficiency (RE%), Type I error and Type II error were used as statistical criteria to investigate the usefulness of trend analysis over RCBD and lattice design model in accounting for spatial variability. Also, Pearson and Spearman rank correlation coefficients were computed to identify the effect of the used models on the ranks of the genotype means. The obtained estimates showed the superiority of trend analysis over RCBD in both seasons on the basis of lower values for each of CV%, Type I error and Type II error plus high values of R 2 % of the model and RE%. Similar performance of the models of lattice design and trend analysis was only obtained in 2009 season while trend analysis model was more efficient in 2010 season. Highly significant correlation coefficients (Pearson and Spearman) were detected indicating considerable degree of similarity between the tested models in adjusting the genotype means for spatial variability. Finally, it could be concluded that trend analysis appeared to be an useful procedure to account for intra-block heterogeneity especially when the pattern of this variation is complex and in curvilinear form.

Two tester of soybean were top crossed to each of the ten different genetic base lines. The possi... more Two tester of soybean were top crossed to each of the ten different genetic base lines. The possibility of selecting high yielding and stable lines for yield during various planting periods was studied by analyzing the behavior of twenty hybrids and their parents. Experiments were set up in a randomized complete block design. Planting was on 24 May and June 19 in summer 2009 at Sakha Agricultural Research Center (SARC), Egypt. Significant planting date mean squares were detected for all studied traits. Genotypes and genotypes by planting date mean squares were significant for all studied traits, in F'1 generation. Significant mean squares due to males x females were detected for all the studied traits. Relative estimates of the variance due to general combining ability (k 2 GCA) and specific combining ability (k 2 SCA) indicated that (k 2 SCA) was laid a major contribution in the inheritance for all traits indicating that non-additive type of gene action was involved in determining the performance of top crosses progenies. The results exhibited that the non-additive gene effects was more interacted with environment than additive effects. The parental line AGS-129 (T 1) (tester) gave the positive (gi) effect among all over the tester under tested for plant height, number of pods per plant, first pod height and seed yield per plant. The female line H 2 L 20 (L 1) behaved as a good combiner for all traits except number of branches per plant and seed yield per plant; whereas the parental line HC 83-123-9 (L 4) was a good combiner for seed yield per plant. Significant positive SCA effects were detected for seed yield per plant in the four top crosses (AGS-129 (T 1) x Crawford (L 7)), (AGS-129 (T 1) x Linford (L 9)), (Kent (T 2) x Giza 83 (L 3)) and (Kent (T 2) x Hutcheson (L 5)) in both planting dates and the combined data. The desirable heterotic effects were detected by fifteen crosses in the early planting date and the combined data, and twelve crosses in the late planting date.

The present investigation was carried out at the experimental farm of Sakha Research Station, Kaf... more The present investigation was carried out at the experimental farm of Sakha Research Station, Kafr El-Sheikh, during 2009 and 2010 seasons to study the performance of 15 soybean genotypes for yield and its related traits. A combined analysis of variance and covariance were computed over the two seasons to estimate genotypic and phenotypic variances using the pertinent mean square expectations which help also in estimating broad sense heritability (h2) and genetic advance expressed as % of general mean. In addition, correlation and path analyses were computed between seed weight/plant and its components being days to flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of branches/plant, number of pods/plant and 100-seed weight. Results showed significant differences among soybean genotypes for all studied traits. Genotypes H32, H2L12 and DR101 recorded the highest values of seed yield and seed weight/plant over the two seasons, indicating that these genotypes are promising and could be recommended for release. On the other hand, the highest values of genotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation were obtained with number of branches/plant, seed yield, number of pods/plant, seed weight/plant and plant height indicating a wide range of variation which provided a good opportunity for yield improvement. Also, large proportions of heritability coupled with high values of genetic advance (% of mean) were recorded for seed yield, number of branches/plant and number of pods/plant, explaining that these traits have more chance for soybean yield development among the tested genotypes. Highly significant and positive correlation coefficients were detected between seed weight/plant and each of number of pods/plant, number of branches/plant, plant height and days to maturity while only significant positive relation was observed between seed weight/plant and days to flowering. Regarding 100-seed weight, it had negative and insignificant association with seed weight/plant. Path analysis showed that the traits of number of pods/plant, number of branches/plant and plant height were the most directly contributed traits to seed weight/plant. As a result, the three mentioned traits could be used as selection criteria in the present soybean breeding program, where they were the most important traits in determining seed weight/plant.

The presence of genotype × environment (G × E) interaction is a major concern to plant breeder, s... more The presence of genotype × environment (G × E) interaction is a major concern to plant breeder, since large interaction can reduce gains from selection and complicate identification of surperior genotypes. Fifteen soybean genotypes were grown in randomized complete block design with three replications at each of five locations (Etay Elbarood, Gemmeiza, Sakha, Sids and Mallawy) through two successive seasons ended in 2011. The objectives were to assess the yield performance determine the magnitude of (G × E) interaction and investigate the stability of the aimed genotypes using twelve stability statistics derived from two types of statistical procedures (regression and variance approaches) . Also, Spearman rank correlation coefficient principal components analysis and biplot graph were applied to obtain good understanding of the interrelationships and overlapping among the stability statistics used. The results showed highly significant mean squares for genotypes, environments and (G × E) interaction indicating that the tested genotypes exhibited different responses to environmental conditions. Also, the terms of predictable (linear) and unpredictable (non - linear) interaction component were highly significant which confirm that the tested soybean genotypes differed considerably in their relative stability. The greatest seed yield was obtained by genotype Giza 111 followed by H2L12, H30, DR101, H117, Giza21, H32 and H15L5 that surpassed the grand mean over the environments. It is evident that genotype Giza 111 in addition to its high yield, it was more stable one because it met the assumptions of stable genotype as described by the stability models of Eberhart & Rassell (1966), Tai (1971), Francis and Kannenberg (1978), Kang and Magari (1995) and Shraan and Ghallab (2001). Hence, the genotype Giza111 maybe recommended incorporating into a breeding stock in any future breeding program of soybean. Considering the results of rank correlation, principal components analysis and biplot graph, they showed the twelve stability statistics used could be grouped in four distinct classes. The first class included the parameters of S2d, λ, W2, σ2 and S2 because their perfect correlation. The parameters of RD, RDD, RHDDD and CV% formed the elements of second class while the third class contained both of b and α parameters. According to the highly significant association between both ΥS and mean seed yield, they formed the correlated elements of the fourth class.

Agronomy

Journal of Sohag Agriscience (JSAS)

Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 2016

Journal of Plant Production, 2015

Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research

Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research

Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research, Sep 1, 2019

Two field experiments were conducted during the two successive seasons of 2013 and 2014 at Sakha ... more Two field experiments were conducted during the two successive seasons of 2013 and 2014 at Sakha Agricultural Research Station, to evaluate the efficiency of plant densities, genotypes and weed control treatments on soybean and associated weeds. Split-split plot design with four replications was used. The main plots included three plant densities (168000, 144000 and 120000 plants/ fed), the sub plots included two soybean genotypes (Giza 111 and Toano). Meanwhile, the sub-sub plots included six weed control treatments (prometryne at 1.0 L/fed; pendimethalin at 1.5 L/fed) plus one hand hoeing; (prometryne and pendimethan) followed by fluzifop-p-buty at of 1.0 L/fed, hand hoeing twice and unweeded control treatment. Results showed that increasing plant density reduced dry weight of broad-leaved, grassy and total weeds under combined, reduced dry weight of broad-leaved, grassy and total weeds by 26.4, 27.9 and 26.9%, to Toano. However, Giza 111 suppressed the growth of broad-leaved, grassy and total weeds by 28.7, 24.7 and 27.3%, respectively, and increased soybean seed yield by 6.67%. All weed control treatments reduced dry weight of broad-leaved, grassy and total weeds as compared with control treatment. Yield losses under control treatment were estimated by 39.66% as compared with prometryne/ one hand hoeing treatment. Seed yield (ton/fed) was positively correlated with yield components and negatively correlated with most weeds in combined analysis. Thus, weed control of soybean depended on weed control integrated in this crop. Whereas plant density reduced the weeds by 26.9%, genotypes by 27.3% and prometryne/one hand hoeing by 89.8%. Meanwhile, the integration between such factors as plant density, genotypes and weed control treatments reduced the weeds by 94.0%.