Abir Gad | Alexandria University (original) (raw)

Papers by Abir Gad

Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, Jul 27, 2018

The efficacy of the bio-insecticide, Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti), and four plan... more The efficacy of the bio-insecticide, Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti), and four plant-ethanol extracts Cinnamomum osmophloeum, Matricaria chamomilla, Seasamum indicum, and Nigella sativa was tested against larvae of filarial vector, Culex quinquefasciatus, under laboratory conditions. The Bti and extracts of N. sativa and C. osmophloeum showed the highest insecticidal activity, with LC 50 values of 7.18, 14.59, and 28.87 mg/l 24 and 48 h post treatments, respectively. The extracts of M. chamomilla and S. indicum were effective. The tested extracts altered some biological aspects of Cx. quinquefasciatus, i.e., developmental periods, pupation rate, and adult emergence. Pupation rate was suppressed by Bti at 7.5 mg/l and by C. osmophloeum at 75 mg/l. In addition, the tested plant extracts exhibited various morphological abnormalities of larvae, pupae, and adults.

Alexandria Science Exchange Journal: An International Quarterly Journal of Science Agricultural Environments

Toxicity and antifeedant effect of hexane apricot kernel extract (HEAK) and its gas chromatograph... more Toxicity and antifeedant effect of hexane apricot kernel extract (HEAK) and its gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) identified fatty acid (FA) components palmitic acid (PA), Oleic acid (OL) and FA derivatives (Linoleic acid methyl ester (LAME)) were assessed against 2 nd and 4 th instar larvae of Spodoptera littoralis under laboratory conditions. Methoxyfenozide (Runner 24% SC ®) was used as reference insecticide to (HEAK) and its components. The results were statistically analyzed by probit analysis to calculate (LC 50) of mortality and the concentrations caused 50% of antifeedant index (AI 50) after 24, 48 and 72 hrs of exposure. The results of toxic and antifeedant effects showed the definite prevalence of HEAK versus its FA components against the two instar larvae of S. littoralis throughout 72 hrs of exposure. However the toxic initiation of the extract and its components paced methoxyfenozide by the first 24 hrs of exposure, methoxyfenozide still owned a superior toxicity and antifeedant response on the treated larvae. This work has been associated with some physiological tests including haemocytes count and corpora allata (CA) activity.

Scientific Reports

The expanded uses of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) have grown rapidly in the field of nanote... more The expanded uses of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) have grown rapidly in the field of nanotechnology. Thus, the increased production of nanoparticles (NPs) increases the potential risks to the environment and occupationally exposed humans. Hence, safety and toxicity assessment including genotoxicity of these NPs is indispensable. In the present study, we have evaluated the genotoxic effect of ZnO-NPs on 5th larval instar of Bombyx mori after feeding on mulberry leaves treated with ZnO-NPs at concentrations 50 and 100 μg/ml. Moreover, we evaluated its effects on total and different hemocyte count, antioxidant potential and catalase activity on the hemolymph of treated larvae. Results showed that ZnO-NPs at concentrations of 50 and 100 µg/ml have significantly decreased the total hemocyte count (THC) and different hemocyte count (DHC) except the number of oenocytes as they were significantly increased. Gene expression profile also showed up-regulation of GST, CNDP2 and CE genes s...

Journal of Biopesticides

Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) are considered effective methods for investigating insects’ immunity... more Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) are considered effective methods for investigating insects’ immunity in response to infection. Insects have a variety of defense mechanisms against infectious diseases, namely phenoloxidase, hemocytes, detoxification and antioxidant enzymes.The instinctive immune system of insects is highly advanced and depends on humoral and cellular elements. In this study, five haemocytes types were found in fifth nymphal instar and adults of green bug, Nezara viridula (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) namely; prohaemocyte (pr),granulocyte (gr), spherulocyte (sp), plasmatocyte (pl), coagulate cells (co) and oenocytoid (oe). Infection with Beauveria bassiana significantly decreased the different haemocytes count in both fifth nymphal instar and adults, especially after 72h post-infection. The haemocytes’ response against fungi was also investigated. A significant increase in Alpha esterase (EST), Acid phosphatise (ACP) and Alkaline phosphatise (ALP) were observed after 72h p...

Alexandria Science Exchange Journal

The present study aimed to determine the effect of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana... more The present study aimed to determine the effect of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana on some histological changes in the mid gut (mesenteron) of Nezara viridula adults after 24, 48, and 72 hours of treatment. Also, its effect on some physiological parameters as αamylase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities. The contents of some minerals (calcium, inorganic phosphorous, and magnesium) has been studied. The histological studies showed several malformations in the treated N. viridula adult's midgut. Fungal infection caused damage in different sites of the midgut after 48 and 72h of treatment. The α-amylase activity, increased significantly, in the infected adult. The highest increase in the α-amylase activity was exhibited after 24h of infection and then gradually decreased after 48 and 72h of treatment. On contrary, the LDH activity was significantly reduced in the infected adults; after 24h of treatment. With regard to the minerals, all tested minerals content were decreased significantly, in the infected adults, irrespective of the time after fungal treatment. Beauveria bassiana could be considered as a promising model for biological control of the green bug N. viridula.

Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology

http://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/ Histological Changes in the Adult Seed Bug, Graptostethus servus (... more http://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/ Histological Changes in the Adult Seed Bug, Graptostethus servus (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae) Treated with the Entomopathogenic Fungus, Beauveria bassiana (Ascomycota: Hypocreales).

The expanded uses of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) have grown rapidly in the field of nanote... more The expanded uses of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) have grown rapidly in the field of nanotechnology. Thus, the increased production of nanoparticles (NPs) increases the potential risks to the environment and occupationally exposed humans. Hence, safety toxicity assessment including genotoxicity of these NPs is indispensable. In the present study, we have evaluated the genotoxic effect of ZnO-NPs on 5th larval instar of Bombyx mori after feeding on mulberry leaves treated with ZnO-NPs at concentrations 50 and 100μg/ml. Moreover, evaluated its effects on total and different haemocyte count, antioxidant potential and catalase activity on the haemolymph of treated larvae. Results showed that ZnO-NPs at concentrations 50 µg/l and100 µg/ml significantly decreased the total haemocyte count (THC) and different haemocyte count (DHC) except the number of Oenocyte it significantly increased. Gene expression profile also showed up-regulation of GST, CNDP2 and CE genes suggesting increase ...

Alexandria Science Exchange Journal: An International Quarterly Journal of Science Agricultural Environments, 2013

The larvicidal activity of four commercially available essential oils were tested on the 4 th lar... more The larvicidal activity of four commercially available essential oils were tested on the 4 th larval instar of Culex quinquefasciatus in the laboratory. These were the essential oils of Cinnamomum osmophloeum (cinnamon), Matricharia chamomella (chamomell),Nigella sativa(nigela) and Sesamum indicum (sesame) oils. The toxicity index, LC 50 values, LC 50 values were 26, 32, 82 and 26 ppm for cinnamon, chamomell, nigela and sesame oils, respectively after 48 hrs from treatment. All tested oils, at high concentrations, had high larvicidal toxicity. Furthermore, the increase of concentrations was directly proportional to reduction in pupation rates and adult emergence. Significant decrease in pupation rate was observed by cinnamon oil at 65 ppm. Adult emergence was 100% inhibited in cinnamon oil was used, especially at concentrations 50 and 6were5 ppm. The number of eggs/ female and eggs hatchability were also decreased by the application of all concentration of the tested oils. In addition, the tested plant oils exhibited various morphological abnormalities on larvae, pupae and adult stages The result from this study demonstrated that essential oil of cinnamon was the most potent oil and was the major cause of malformation of both larval and pupal stages.

Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology, 2007

The present investigation reports the effect of folic acid as supplemented feed on haemogram and ... more The present investigation reports the effect of folic acid as supplemented feed on haemogram and some biological parameters of Bombyx mori L. All the tested concentrations of folic acid especially 10mg/100ml significantly increased the weight of larvae ,pupae, fresh cocoon and cocoon shells. Also, treatment of folic acid increased total haemolymph protein, total haemocyte count, differential haemocyte count and corpora allata activity.

Physiological Entomology

The present study investigates the effect of AgNPs on some biological parameters and total protei... more The present study investigates the effect of AgNPs on some biological parameters and total protein amount, antioxidant potential and catalase activity of silkworm Bombyx mori. Incorporation of AgNPs (100 μg mL–1) in supplementary diets results in significant increases in the larval weight and the antioxidant potential but significantly decreases the catalase activity. The relative growth rate decreases as the high concentration (1000 μg mL–1). Exposure to AgNPs also caused violent results in alteration of haemocyte including an immediate increase in THC, may due to the release of these haemocytes either from an increase in cell divisions or from attached haemocyte populations, and decline in the percentage of prohaemocytes and increase in the percentage of two immune‐phagocytes, i.e., granulocytes and plasmatocytes. Also, AgNPs at 100 and 1000 μg mL–1 caused different levels of deformations on almost all haemocyte types and increased the antioxidant enzyme activity (catalase) in the haemolymph of treated larvae as a result of the toxic effects of treatment.

International Journal of Zoology and Animal Biology

Silkworm diseases are the most important disease that inflects heavy loss to crops. Most losses i... more Silkworm diseases are the most important disease that inflects heavy loss to crops. Most losses in sericulture can be attributed directly to silkworm diseases. In insects, it relies on both humeral and cellular responses that are mediated via certain recognizing receptors and activation of several pathways. Fat body and hemocytes are the origins for the production and secretion of antimicrobial agents and activators/regulators of cellular response, while cell mediated immunity in insects is performed by hemocytes. Humoral immunity acts as a front-line barrier against invading pathogens. The humoral response includes, the activation of the Phenol oxidase system, which triggers the synthesis of melanin and ii) the production of several immune effectors, such as lysozyme, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs).

This study was carried out to determine some of the biological parameters and economic traits of ... more This study was carried out to determine some of the biological parameters and economic traits of the mulberry silkworm Bombyx mori after feeding of 5 instar larvae on mulberry leaves (Morus alba) leaves treated with different materials (ascorbic acid at concentration 1%, silver nanoparticales (AgNPs), Titanium oxide nanoparticales (TiO2NPs), Copper oxide (CuONPs), Zinc oxide (ZnONPs) at concentration 50μg/l and the mixtures of each nanoparticales and ascorbic acid in relation to some biological parameters such as larval weight, pupal weight

The effect of some honey bee products; royal jelly (RJ 10mg/ml), pollen (P 50mg/100ml), propolis ... more The effect of some honey bee products; royal jelly (RJ 10mg/ml), pollen (P 50mg/100ml), propolis (PR 30mg/100ml), honey (H 1g/100ml) and their mixtures as food additives, on several biological and physiological parameters of the 5 th larval instar of (S1 and S2) of the silkworm Bombyx mori were studied. The above mentioned products, either separately or in combination increased weights of mature larvae, pupae, fresh cocoons and cocoon shells. Larvae fed on mulberry leaves treated with RJ showed a significant increase in weights followed by H and then P in the broad strain. While in the local strain, RJ gave the maximum weights followed by P and then H. The same trend was observed in the total haemolymph protein and the CA surface area in both strains.

International Journal of Zoology and Animal Biology, 2019

Silkworm diseases are the most important disease that inflects heavy loss to crops. Most losses i... more Silkworm diseases are the most important disease that inflects heavy loss to crops. Most losses in sericulture can be attributed directly to silkworm diseases. In insects, it relies on both humeral and cellular responses that are mediated via certain recognizing receptors and activation of several pathways. Fat body and hemocytes are the origins for the production and secretion of antimicrobial agents and activators/regulators of cellular response, while cell mediated immunity in insects is performed by hemocytes. Humoral immunity acts as a front-line barrier against invading pathogens. The humoral response includes, the activation of the Phenol oxidase system, which triggers the synthesis of melanin and ii) the production of several immune effectors, such as lysozyme, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs).

Alexandria Science Exchange Journal: An International Quarterly Journal of Science Agricultural Environments, Jun 1, 2013

The effect of methanolic plant extracts from Solanum nigrum, Acokanthera spectabilis and Heliotro... more The effect of methanolic plant extracts from Solanum nigrum, Acokanthera spectabilis and Heliotropium aegyptiacum were investigated on the larval mortality and development of Culex pipiens L. Also, the effects of the LC 50 of the three plant extracts on the larval haemogram were studied. Plant extracts exhibited variable bioactivities. The greatest activity was observed for S. nigrum which showed LC 50 values of 130.8 ppm after 48 hr of exposure, respectively. Percentage of larval mortality was 67.5% in the treatment with extracts of S. nigrum and 66.5% in case of A. spectabilis at 500ppm. Egg hatchability was not significantly reduced in all S. nigrum concentrations. All concentrations of the plant extracts from S. nigrum, A. spectabilis and H. aegyptiacum caused significant hindrance to the subsequent larval development and reduced both pupation and adult emergence. Drastic retardation of development was shown by S. nigrum extracts, where only 18.1% and 8.5% of the larval managed to reach pupal and adult stages, respectively, when reared in 100 ppm of the extract. However, A. spectabilis and H. aegyptiacum were more effective at higher concentrations. Moreover, the effects of the LC 50 of tested plant extracts caused a reduction in the number of haemocytes and also markedly decreased the haemocytes surface areas. Application of such plant extracts to mosquito breeding site may have great practical importance in relation to non-synthetic chemical control of this serious disease vectors.

Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology

7d of application while the reduction increased after 14 d to 73% and 85%, respectively. Due to t... more 7d of application while the reduction increased after 14 d to 73% and 85%, respectively. Due to the combined contact, toxicant and deterrent properties of yucca saponins, they could be considered as a potentially applicable grain protectant against T. castaneum.

Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries

Mosquito control is the most common health problem facing many poor developing countries especial... more Mosquito control is the most common health problem facing many poor developing countries especially the transmitted diseases by mosquitoes (Deepak et al. 2019). Mosquitoes transmit many pathogens which cause dangerous diseases like Zika virus, filariasis, Japanese encephalitis, chikungunya, yellow fever, dengue, and malaria; that pose a real danger not only to human health (Santhosh et al. 2015; Vinoth et al. 2019) but also, extend their impact on the economy worldwide (Abutaha et al. 2018). Culex pipiens L. (Diptera: Culicidae) is one of the most common species in Egypt which causes many human diseases (Kady et al. 2008). Cx. pipiens is the vector of Wuchereria bancrofti, Bancroftian filariasis up to 100 million persons every year (Sayed et al. 2018), Rift Valley fever (Abdel-Hamid et al. 2009). Bancroftian filariasis is one of the fastest spreading insect-borne diseases for men in the tropics (Badawy et al. 2015).

Alexandria Journal of Agricultural Sciences

The effect of six plant essential oils against three stored grain insects, Sitophilus oryzae, Rhi... more The effect of six plant essential oils against three stored grain insects, Sitophilus oryzae, Rhizopertha dominica and Tribolium castaneum were studied under laboratory conditions. The tested oils are namely, fennel oil (Foeniculum vulgare), caraway oil (Carum carvi), cinnamon oil (Cinnamomum verum), citronella oil (Cymbopogon winterianus), nutmeg oil (Myristica fragrans) and black cumin oil (Nigella sativa). The result showed that increasing of the oil concentration and exposure times significantly increased the mortality percentage. Generally, the toxicity of essential oils at all tested concentrations increased with the increasing of exposure time. So, the results indicated that toxicity of all tested essential oil against the three stored grain insects at the high concentration was recorded high mortality faster than low concentration. The tested essential oils significantly decreased the different haemocyte counts in tested insects, cinnamon oil markedly increased the haemocyte surface areas in the tested insects especially the surface area of oenocytoides in T. castaneum. The recorded results indicate that the essential oils of fennel, caraway, cinnamon and citronella could be applicable to the management of S. oryzae, R. dominica and T. castaneum adults.

Journal of Entomology, 2015

Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, Jul 27, 2018

The efficacy of the bio-insecticide, Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti), and four plan... more The efficacy of the bio-insecticide, Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti), and four plant-ethanol extracts Cinnamomum osmophloeum, Matricaria chamomilla, Seasamum indicum, and Nigella sativa was tested against larvae of filarial vector, Culex quinquefasciatus, under laboratory conditions. The Bti and extracts of N. sativa and C. osmophloeum showed the highest insecticidal activity, with LC 50 values of 7.18, 14.59, and 28.87 mg/l 24 and 48 h post treatments, respectively. The extracts of M. chamomilla and S. indicum were effective. The tested extracts altered some biological aspects of Cx. quinquefasciatus, i.e., developmental periods, pupation rate, and adult emergence. Pupation rate was suppressed by Bti at 7.5 mg/l and by C. osmophloeum at 75 mg/l. In addition, the tested plant extracts exhibited various morphological abnormalities of larvae, pupae, and adults.

Alexandria Science Exchange Journal: An International Quarterly Journal of Science Agricultural Environments

Toxicity and antifeedant effect of hexane apricot kernel extract (HEAK) and its gas chromatograph... more Toxicity and antifeedant effect of hexane apricot kernel extract (HEAK) and its gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) identified fatty acid (FA) components palmitic acid (PA), Oleic acid (OL) and FA derivatives (Linoleic acid methyl ester (LAME)) were assessed against 2 nd and 4 th instar larvae of Spodoptera littoralis under laboratory conditions. Methoxyfenozide (Runner 24% SC ®) was used as reference insecticide to (HEAK) and its components. The results were statistically analyzed by probit analysis to calculate (LC 50) of mortality and the concentrations caused 50% of antifeedant index (AI 50) after 24, 48 and 72 hrs of exposure. The results of toxic and antifeedant effects showed the definite prevalence of HEAK versus its FA components against the two instar larvae of S. littoralis throughout 72 hrs of exposure. However the toxic initiation of the extract and its components paced methoxyfenozide by the first 24 hrs of exposure, methoxyfenozide still owned a superior toxicity and antifeedant response on the treated larvae. This work has been associated with some physiological tests including haemocytes count and corpora allata (CA) activity.

Scientific Reports

The expanded uses of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) have grown rapidly in the field of nanote... more The expanded uses of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) have grown rapidly in the field of nanotechnology. Thus, the increased production of nanoparticles (NPs) increases the potential risks to the environment and occupationally exposed humans. Hence, safety and toxicity assessment including genotoxicity of these NPs is indispensable. In the present study, we have evaluated the genotoxic effect of ZnO-NPs on 5th larval instar of Bombyx mori after feeding on mulberry leaves treated with ZnO-NPs at concentrations 50 and 100 μg/ml. Moreover, we evaluated its effects on total and different hemocyte count, antioxidant potential and catalase activity on the hemolymph of treated larvae. Results showed that ZnO-NPs at concentrations of 50 and 100 µg/ml have significantly decreased the total hemocyte count (THC) and different hemocyte count (DHC) except the number of oenocytes as they were significantly increased. Gene expression profile also showed up-regulation of GST, CNDP2 and CE genes s...

Journal of Biopesticides

Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) are considered effective methods for investigating insects’ immunity... more Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) are considered effective methods for investigating insects’ immunity in response to infection. Insects have a variety of defense mechanisms against infectious diseases, namely phenoloxidase, hemocytes, detoxification and antioxidant enzymes.The instinctive immune system of insects is highly advanced and depends on humoral and cellular elements. In this study, five haemocytes types were found in fifth nymphal instar and adults of green bug, Nezara viridula (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) namely; prohaemocyte (pr),granulocyte (gr), spherulocyte (sp), plasmatocyte (pl), coagulate cells (co) and oenocytoid (oe). Infection with Beauveria bassiana significantly decreased the different haemocytes count in both fifth nymphal instar and adults, especially after 72h post-infection. The haemocytes’ response against fungi was also investigated. A significant increase in Alpha esterase (EST), Acid phosphatise (ACP) and Alkaline phosphatise (ALP) were observed after 72h p...

Alexandria Science Exchange Journal

The present study aimed to determine the effect of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana... more The present study aimed to determine the effect of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana on some histological changes in the mid gut (mesenteron) of Nezara viridula adults after 24, 48, and 72 hours of treatment. Also, its effect on some physiological parameters as αamylase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities. The contents of some minerals (calcium, inorganic phosphorous, and magnesium) has been studied. The histological studies showed several malformations in the treated N. viridula adult's midgut. Fungal infection caused damage in different sites of the midgut after 48 and 72h of treatment. The α-amylase activity, increased significantly, in the infected adult. The highest increase in the α-amylase activity was exhibited after 24h of infection and then gradually decreased after 48 and 72h of treatment. On contrary, the LDH activity was significantly reduced in the infected adults; after 24h of treatment. With regard to the minerals, all tested minerals content were decreased significantly, in the infected adults, irrespective of the time after fungal treatment. Beauveria bassiana could be considered as a promising model for biological control of the green bug N. viridula.

Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology

http://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/ Histological Changes in the Adult Seed Bug, Graptostethus servus (... more http://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/ Histological Changes in the Adult Seed Bug, Graptostethus servus (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae) Treated with the Entomopathogenic Fungus, Beauveria bassiana (Ascomycota: Hypocreales).

The expanded uses of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) have grown rapidly in the field of nanote... more The expanded uses of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) have grown rapidly in the field of nanotechnology. Thus, the increased production of nanoparticles (NPs) increases the potential risks to the environment and occupationally exposed humans. Hence, safety toxicity assessment including genotoxicity of these NPs is indispensable. In the present study, we have evaluated the genotoxic effect of ZnO-NPs on 5th larval instar of Bombyx mori after feeding on mulberry leaves treated with ZnO-NPs at concentrations 50 and 100μg/ml. Moreover, evaluated its effects on total and different haemocyte count, antioxidant potential and catalase activity on the haemolymph of treated larvae. Results showed that ZnO-NPs at concentrations 50 µg/l and100 µg/ml significantly decreased the total haemocyte count (THC) and different haemocyte count (DHC) except the number of Oenocyte it significantly increased. Gene expression profile also showed up-regulation of GST, CNDP2 and CE genes suggesting increase ...

Alexandria Science Exchange Journal: An International Quarterly Journal of Science Agricultural Environments, 2013

The larvicidal activity of four commercially available essential oils were tested on the 4 th lar... more The larvicidal activity of four commercially available essential oils were tested on the 4 th larval instar of Culex quinquefasciatus in the laboratory. These were the essential oils of Cinnamomum osmophloeum (cinnamon), Matricharia chamomella (chamomell),Nigella sativa(nigela) and Sesamum indicum (sesame) oils. The toxicity index, LC 50 values, LC 50 values were 26, 32, 82 and 26 ppm for cinnamon, chamomell, nigela and sesame oils, respectively after 48 hrs from treatment. All tested oils, at high concentrations, had high larvicidal toxicity. Furthermore, the increase of concentrations was directly proportional to reduction in pupation rates and adult emergence. Significant decrease in pupation rate was observed by cinnamon oil at 65 ppm. Adult emergence was 100% inhibited in cinnamon oil was used, especially at concentrations 50 and 6were5 ppm. The number of eggs/ female and eggs hatchability were also decreased by the application of all concentration of the tested oils. In addition, the tested plant oils exhibited various morphological abnormalities on larvae, pupae and adult stages The result from this study demonstrated that essential oil of cinnamon was the most potent oil and was the major cause of malformation of both larval and pupal stages.

Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology, 2007

The present investigation reports the effect of folic acid as supplemented feed on haemogram and ... more The present investigation reports the effect of folic acid as supplemented feed on haemogram and some biological parameters of Bombyx mori L. All the tested concentrations of folic acid especially 10mg/100ml significantly increased the weight of larvae ,pupae, fresh cocoon and cocoon shells. Also, treatment of folic acid increased total haemolymph protein, total haemocyte count, differential haemocyte count and corpora allata activity.

Physiological Entomology

The present study investigates the effect of AgNPs on some biological parameters and total protei... more The present study investigates the effect of AgNPs on some biological parameters and total protein amount, antioxidant potential and catalase activity of silkworm Bombyx mori. Incorporation of AgNPs (100 μg mL–1) in supplementary diets results in significant increases in the larval weight and the antioxidant potential but significantly decreases the catalase activity. The relative growth rate decreases as the high concentration (1000 μg mL–1). Exposure to AgNPs also caused violent results in alteration of haemocyte including an immediate increase in THC, may due to the release of these haemocytes either from an increase in cell divisions or from attached haemocyte populations, and decline in the percentage of prohaemocytes and increase in the percentage of two immune‐phagocytes, i.e., granulocytes and plasmatocytes. Also, AgNPs at 100 and 1000 μg mL–1 caused different levels of deformations on almost all haemocyte types and increased the antioxidant enzyme activity (catalase) in the haemolymph of treated larvae as a result of the toxic effects of treatment.

International Journal of Zoology and Animal Biology

Silkworm diseases are the most important disease that inflects heavy loss to crops. Most losses i... more Silkworm diseases are the most important disease that inflects heavy loss to crops. Most losses in sericulture can be attributed directly to silkworm diseases. In insects, it relies on both humeral and cellular responses that are mediated via certain recognizing receptors and activation of several pathways. Fat body and hemocytes are the origins for the production and secretion of antimicrobial agents and activators/regulators of cellular response, while cell mediated immunity in insects is performed by hemocytes. Humoral immunity acts as a front-line barrier against invading pathogens. The humoral response includes, the activation of the Phenol oxidase system, which triggers the synthesis of melanin and ii) the production of several immune effectors, such as lysozyme, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs).

This study was carried out to determine some of the biological parameters and economic traits of ... more This study was carried out to determine some of the biological parameters and economic traits of the mulberry silkworm Bombyx mori after feeding of 5 instar larvae on mulberry leaves (Morus alba) leaves treated with different materials (ascorbic acid at concentration 1%, silver nanoparticales (AgNPs), Titanium oxide nanoparticales (TiO2NPs), Copper oxide (CuONPs), Zinc oxide (ZnONPs) at concentration 50μg/l and the mixtures of each nanoparticales and ascorbic acid in relation to some biological parameters such as larval weight, pupal weight

The effect of some honey bee products; royal jelly (RJ 10mg/ml), pollen (P 50mg/100ml), propolis ... more The effect of some honey bee products; royal jelly (RJ 10mg/ml), pollen (P 50mg/100ml), propolis (PR 30mg/100ml), honey (H 1g/100ml) and their mixtures as food additives, on several biological and physiological parameters of the 5 th larval instar of (S1 and S2) of the silkworm Bombyx mori were studied. The above mentioned products, either separately or in combination increased weights of mature larvae, pupae, fresh cocoons and cocoon shells. Larvae fed on mulberry leaves treated with RJ showed a significant increase in weights followed by H and then P in the broad strain. While in the local strain, RJ gave the maximum weights followed by P and then H. The same trend was observed in the total haemolymph protein and the CA surface area in both strains.

International Journal of Zoology and Animal Biology, 2019

Silkworm diseases are the most important disease that inflects heavy loss to crops. Most losses i... more Silkworm diseases are the most important disease that inflects heavy loss to crops. Most losses in sericulture can be attributed directly to silkworm diseases. In insects, it relies on both humeral and cellular responses that are mediated via certain recognizing receptors and activation of several pathways. Fat body and hemocytes are the origins for the production and secretion of antimicrobial agents and activators/regulators of cellular response, while cell mediated immunity in insects is performed by hemocytes. Humoral immunity acts as a front-line barrier against invading pathogens. The humoral response includes, the activation of the Phenol oxidase system, which triggers the synthesis of melanin and ii) the production of several immune effectors, such as lysozyme, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs).

Alexandria Science Exchange Journal: An International Quarterly Journal of Science Agricultural Environments, Jun 1, 2013

The effect of methanolic plant extracts from Solanum nigrum, Acokanthera spectabilis and Heliotro... more The effect of methanolic plant extracts from Solanum nigrum, Acokanthera spectabilis and Heliotropium aegyptiacum were investigated on the larval mortality and development of Culex pipiens L. Also, the effects of the LC 50 of the three plant extracts on the larval haemogram were studied. Plant extracts exhibited variable bioactivities. The greatest activity was observed for S. nigrum which showed LC 50 values of 130.8 ppm after 48 hr of exposure, respectively. Percentage of larval mortality was 67.5% in the treatment with extracts of S. nigrum and 66.5% in case of A. spectabilis at 500ppm. Egg hatchability was not significantly reduced in all S. nigrum concentrations. All concentrations of the plant extracts from S. nigrum, A. spectabilis and H. aegyptiacum caused significant hindrance to the subsequent larval development and reduced both pupation and adult emergence. Drastic retardation of development was shown by S. nigrum extracts, where only 18.1% and 8.5% of the larval managed to reach pupal and adult stages, respectively, when reared in 100 ppm of the extract. However, A. spectabilis and H. aegyptiacum were more effective at higher concentrations. Moreover, the effects of the LC 50 of tested plant extracts caused a reduction in the number of haemocytes and also markedly decreased the haemocytes surface areas. Application of such plant extracts to mosquito breeding site may have great practical importance in relation to non-synthetic chemical control of this serious disease vectors.

Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology

7d of application while the reduction increased after 14 d to 73% and 85%, respectively. Due to t... more 7d of application while the reduction increased after 14 d to 73% and 85%, respectively. Due to the combined contact, toxicant and deterrent properties of yucca saponins, they could be considered as a potentially applicable grain protectant against T. castaneum.

Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries

Mosquito control is the most common health problem facing many poor developing countries especial... more Mosquito control is the most common health problem facing many poor developing countries especially the transmitted diseases by mosquitoes (Deepak et al. 2019). Mosquitoes transmit many pathogens which cause dangerous diseases like Zika virus, filariasis, Japanese encephalitis, chikungunya, yellow fever, dengue, and malaria; that pose a real danger not only to human health (Santhosh et al. 2015; Vinoth et al. 2019) but also, extend their impact on the economy worldwide (Abutaha et al. 2018). Culex pipiens L. (Diptera: Culicidae) is one of the most common species in Egypt which causes many human diseases (Kady et al. 2008). Cx. pipiens is the vector of Wuchereria bancrofti, Bancroftian filariasis up to 100 million persons every year (Sayed et al. 2018), Rift Valley fever (Abdel-Hamid et al. 2009). Bancroftian filariasis is one of the fastest spreading insect-borne diseases for men in the tropics (Badawy et al. 2015).

Alexandria Journal of Agricultural Sciences

The effect of six plant essential oils against three stored grain insects, Sitophilus oryzae, Rhi... more The effect of six plant essential oils against three stored grain insects, Sitophilus oryzae, Rhizopertha dominica and Tribolium castaneum were studied under laboratory conditions. The tested oils are namely, fennel oil (Foeniculum vulgare), caraway oil (Carum carvi), cinnamon oil (Cinnamomum verum), citronella oil (Cymbopogon winterianus), nutmeg oil (Myristica fragrans) and black cumin oil (Nigella sativa). The result showed that increasing of the oil concentration and exposure times significantly increased the mortality percentage. Generally, the toxicity of essential oils at all tested concentrations increased with the increasing of exposure time. So, the results indicated that toxicity of all tested essential oil against the three stored grain insects at the high concentration was recorded high mortality faster than low concentration. The tested essential oils significantly decreased the different haemocyte counts in tested insects, cinnamon oil markedly increased the haemocyte surface areas in the tested insects especially the surface area of oenocytoides in T. castaneum. The recorded results indicate that the essential oils of fennel, caraway, cinnamon and citronella could be applicable to the management of S. oryzae, R. dominica and T. castaneum adults.

Journal of Entomology, 2015