Salvador Ivorra | University of Alicante / Universidad de Alicante (original) (raw)
Papers by Salvador Ivorra
The Santas Justa and Rufina Gothic church (fourteenth century) has suffered several physical, mec... more The Santas Justa and Rufina Gothic church (fourteenth century) has suffered several physical, mechanical, chemical, and biochemical types of pathologies along its history: rock alveolization, efflorescence, biological activity, and capillary ascent of groundwater. However, during the last two decades, a new phenomenon has seriously affected the church: ground subsidence caused by aquifer overexploitation. Subsidence is a process that affects the whole Vega Baja of the Segura River basin and consists of gradual sinking in the ground surface caused by soil consolidation due to a pore pressure decrease. This phenomenon has been studied by differential synthetic aperture radar interferometry techniques, which illustrate settlements up to 100 mm for the 1993–2009 period for the whole Orihuela city. Although no differential synthetic aperture radar interferometry information is available for the church due to the loss of interferometric coherence, the spatial analysis of nearby deformation combined with fieldwork has advanced the current understanding on the mechanisms that affect the Santas Justa and Rufina church. These results show the potential interest and the limitations of using this remote sensing technique as a complementary tool for the forensic analysis of building structures.
Applied Mechanics and …, Jan 1, 2012
a fvegas@cpa.upv.es, b cami2@cpa.upv.es, c sivorra@ua.es, d fj.baeza@ua.es
Structural Health Monitoring, 2012
ABSTRACT The Santas Justa and Rufina Gothic church (fourteenth century) has suffered several phys... more ABSTRACT The Santas Justa and Rufina Gothic church (fourteenth century) has suffered several physical, mechanical, chemical, and biochemical types of pathologies along its history: rock alveolization, efflorescence, biological activity, and capillary ascent of groundwater. However, during the last two decades, a new phenomenon has seriously affected the church: ground subsidence caused by aquifer overexploitation. Subsidence is a process that affects the whole Vega Baja of the Segura River basin and consists of gradual sinking in the ground surface caused by soil consolidation due to a pore pressure decrease. This phenomenon has been studied by differential synthetic aperture radar interferometry techniques, which illustrate settlements up to 100 mm for the 1993-2009 period for the whole Orihuela city. Although no differential synthetic aperture radar interferometry information is available for the church due to the loss of interferometric coherence, the spatial analysis of nearby deformation combined with fieldwork has advanced the current understanding on the mechanisms that affect the Santas Justa and Rufina church. These results show the potential interest and the limitations of using this remote sensing technique as a complementary tool for the forensic analysis of building structures. © The Author(s) 2012.
This paper describes the results from a series of shacking table tests conducted on a fullscale r... more This paper describes the results from a series of shacking table tests conducted on a fullscale reinforced concrete building. The specimen was a 3-storey structural system composed of squat cast-in-situ sandwich concrete walls with 5.50 m length, 4.10 m width and 8.25 m height. Shaking table tests were performed to validate the theoretical formulations which had been already
With the purpose of studying the acoustics of the same bell with wooden yoke and with metallic yo... more With the purpose of studying the acoustics of the same bell with wooden yoke and with metallic yoke, a bell to which have been installed both yokes has settled in the acoustically conditioned room of the University of Alicante and acoustic experiences have been carried out for separate for each one of them. A Test protocol has been defined selecting points located in different quadrants and at different heights on the brass was hit with a hammer impact. The bell response has registered with a microphone and analyzed to permit compare under laboratory conditions the frequency response of oneself bell with two types of different yokes.
Engineering Structures, 2010
This paper describes a study carried out on the bell tower of the Church of Santas Justa and Rufi... more This paper describes a study carried out on the bell tower of the Church of Santas Justa and Rufina in Orihuela in the Province of Alicante, Spain. The study was made to predict the evolution of its dynamic behaviour in relation to subsidence caused by variations in the level of the water table during periods of drought. Initial calibration of the developed numerical model was based on the dynamic characteristics of the tower in free vibration. The numerical model included details of both the structure and the surrounding terrain to a depth of ten meters, as indicated by geotechnical tests. Sensitivity studies were made of the terrain’s elastic characteristics with the aim of evaluating the dynamic amplification factor of the soil–structure interaction due to dynamic forces generated by the swinging of the bells in the tower.
En este trabajo se han estudiado los efectos de la exposición de una calcarenita a altas temperat... more En este trabajo se han estudiado los efectos de la exposición de una calcarenita a altas temperaturas. Los parámetros estudiados han sido: porosidades abierta y total, módulos elásticos estáticos y dinámicos y resistencia a compresión uniaxial. Probetas del material de 52 mm de diámetro y 125 mm de altura, se han sometido a temperaturas de 200, 300, 400, 500 y 600 ºC. En cada temperatura se han utilizado dos procedimientos de enfriamiento: a) al aire, a temperatura ambiente; y b) por inmersión en agua destilada a temperatura ambiente. Las conclusiones principales indican pérdidas del módulo elástico de cerca del 80% y de la resistencia a compresión uniaxial del 50% en las probetas calentadas 600 ºC y enfriadas con agua. La resistencia a compresión uniaxial es el parámetro más sensible al método de enfriamiento, con pérdidas que llegan al 50% en las muestras calentadas a 600 ºC y enfriadas en agua.
En este trabajo se muestran los resultados de una serie de ensayos de laboratorio realizados para... more En este trabajo se muestran los resultados de una serie de ensayos de laboratorio realizados para estudiar el efecto de las altas temperaturas en las propiedades físicas y mecánicas de una calcarenita muy usada como material de construcción en edificios y monumentos históricos de la ciudad de Alicante. El objetivo es evaluar el daño térmico producido en el material al exponerlo a diferentes temperaturas y la influencia de los diferentes procesos de enfriamiento (al aire y por inmersión en agua), así como la viabilidad del diagnóstico del daño mediante métodos no destructivos (ultrasonidos). Se han utilizado probetas cilíndricas extraídas de bloques de roca sobre las que se han realizado ensayos de caracterización del material intacto obteniendo la porosidad, velocidades de propagación de las ondas P y S, módulos dinámicos y estáticos y resistencia a compresión uniaxial. El calentamiento se ha efectuado en horno eléctrico a temperaturas de entre 105 y 600ºC, en intervalos de 100ºC. P...
![Research paper thumbnail of Low velocity vehicle impact against building structures: A review of relevant codes [Impactos de vehículos a baja velocidad sobre estructuras de edificación: Revisión de la normativa relacionada]](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/39661873/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](The actual trend of building codes is to include horizontal vehicle impacts as part of the accide... more The actual trend of building codes is to include horizontal vehicle impacts as part of the accidental actions to consider in the design of a building structure. Most of these codes use an equivalent static load to represent the effects of the impact. In this paper we will review how this issue is covered by some of the most representative buildings codes in the world. In particular we will focus on impacts that cause horizontal actions on structures, like car crashes against parking columns. We will show that the indications given by the different codes are widely dispersed and there is not a clear rule to take into account the effects of a vehicle impact against a building structure through a equivalent static load.
Se presenta un estudio de las propiedades estáticas y dinámicas de vigas de madera reforzadas con... more Se presenta un estudio de las propiedades estáticas y dinámicas de vigas de madera reforzadas con laminados de fibra de vidrio (GFRP). El objetivo es analizar el estado límite de servicio (ELS) de vibraciones, y la mejora de la ductilidad, mediante el uso de refuerzos de GFRP dentro de la rehabilitación de forjados unidireccionales. Se estudiaron diferentes vigas de dimensiones 95x150x3150mm3, de madera de pino silvestre. Como refuerzo se utilizaron tres capas, de espesor total 3mm, de material compuesto de tejido de fibra de vidrio bidireccional (0/90º) y resina epoxy, aplicadas manualmente. Se analizaron dos tipologías de refuerzo aplicadas en toda la longitud de las vigas. La primera mediante refuerzo de la cara inferior, y la segunda aumentado el refuerzo a lo largo de las caras laterales, hasta la mitad del canto de la viga. Los materiales fueron caracterizados estática y dinámicamente, obteniendo los módulos Elásticos, la tensión de rotura, y el factor de amortiguamiento para ...
Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference on Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering Computing, 2009
ABSTRACT
Proceedings of the Fifteenth UK Conference of the Association of Computational Mechanics in Engineering, 2007
Materials and Structures, 2014
A study on the static and dynamic properties of sawn timber beams reinforced with glass fiber-rei... more A study on the static and dynamic properties of sawn timber beams reinforced with glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) is reported in this paper. The experimental program is focused on the behavior of unidirectional wooden slabs, and the main objective is to fulfill the service state limit upon vibrations using GFRP when an architectonical retrofitting project is necessary. Two different typologies of reinforcement were evaluated on pine wood beams: one applied the composite only on the lower side of the beams, while the other also covered half of the beams depth. For the dynamic characterization, the natural frequency, damping ratio, and dynamic elastic modulus were measured using two different techniques: experimental modal analysis upon the whole beams; and bandwidth method using smaller samples of the same material. The static characterization consisted on four point bending tests, where elastic modulus, bending strength and ductility were assessed. The lower composite had better ductility and bending strength. On the other hand, the U-shaped laminate showed higher stiffness but also at a higher material cost. However, it allowed some ductility, i.e. compressive plasticity, even in the presence of hidden knots. Both dynamic techniques gave similar results and were capable of measuring the structure stiffness, even if short samples were used. Finally, the changes on dynamic properties because of the GFRP did not jeopardize the dynamic performance of the reinforced timber beams.
Rock Engineering and Rock Mechanics: Structures in and on Rock Masses, 2014
Rock Engineering and Rock Mechanics: Structures in and on Rock Masses, 2014
ABSTRACT Damping of a precast reinforced concrete box have been measured under different depths o... more ABSTRACT Damping of a precast reinforced concrete box have been measured under different depths of burial, from 0 to 2.5 m. Dynamic excitation was applied by means of a truck and a speed bump. Acceleration was registered on the middle of the ceiling of three adjacent concrete boxes and damping was obtained by determining the exponential decay of this signal. Increase of damping with depth of burial could not be proved, but the peak acceleration was clearly decreasing with depth of burial. Nevertheless, it was proved that damping increases with velocity.
The Santas Justa and Rufina Gothic church (fourteenth century) has suffered several physical, mec... more The Santas Justa and Rufina Gothic church (fourteenth century) has suffered several physical, mechanical, chemical, and biochemical types of pathologies along its history: rock alveolization, efflorescence, biological activity, and capillary ascent of groundwater. However, during the last two decades, a new phenomenon has seriously affected the church: ground subsidence caused by aquifer overexploitation. Subsidence is a process that affects the whole Vega Baja of the Segura River basin and consists of gradual sinking in the ground surface caused by soil consolidation due to a pore pressure decrease. This phenomenon has been studied by differential synthetic aperture radar interferometry techniques, which illustrate settlements up to 100 mm for the 1993–2009 period for the whole Orihuela city. Although no differential synthetic aperture radar interferometry information is available for the church due to the loss of interferometric coherence, the spatial analysis of nearby deformation combined with fieldwork has advanced the current understanding on the mechanisms that affect the Santas Justa and Rufina church. These results show the potential interest and the limitations of using this remote sensing technique as a complementary tool for the forensic analysis of building structures.
Applied Mechanics and …, Jan 1, 2012
a fvegas@cpa.upv.es, b cami2@cpa.upv.es, c sivorra@ua.es, d fj.baeza@ua.es
Structural Health Monitoring, 2012
ABSTRACT The Santas Justa and Rufina Gothic church (fourteenth century) has suffered several phys... more ABSTRACT The Santas Justa and Rufina Gothic church (fourteenth century) has suffered several physical, mechanical, chemical, and biochemical types of pathologies along its history: rock alveolization, efflorescence, biological activity, and capillary ascent of groundwater. However, during the last two decades, a new phenomenon has seriously affected the church: ground subsidence caused by aquifer overexploitation. Subsidence is a process that affects the whole Vega Baja of the Segura River basin and consists of gradual sinking in the ground surface caused by soil consolidation due to a pore pressure decrease. This phenomenon has been studied by differential synthetic aperture radar interferometry techniques, which illustrate settlements up to 100 mm for the 1993-2009 period for the whole Orihuela city. Although no differential synthetic aperture radar interferometry information is available for the church due to the loss of interferometric coherence, the spatial analysis of nearby deformation combined with fieldwork has advanced the current understanding on the mechanisms that affect the Santas Justa and Rufina church. These results show the potential interest and the limitations of using this remote sensing technique as a complementary tool for the forensic analysis of building structures. © The Author(s) 2012.
This paper describes the results from a series of shacking table tests conducted on a fullscale r... more This paper describes the results from a series of shacking table tests conducted on a fullscale reinforced concrete building. The specimen was a 3-storey structural system composed of squat cast-in-situ sandwich concrete walls with 5.50 m length, 4.10 m width and 8.25 m height. Shaking table tests were performed to validate the theoretical formulations which had been already
With the purpose of studying the acoustics of the same bell with wooden yoke and with metallic yo... more With the purpose of studying the acoustics of the same bell with wooden yoke and with metallic yoke, a bell to which have been installed both yokes has settled in the acoustically conditioned room of the University of Alicante and acoustic experiences have been carried out for separate for each one of them. A Test protocol has been defined selecting points located in different quadrants and at different heights on the brass was hit with a hammer impact. The bell response has registered with a microphone and analyzed to permit compare under laboratory conditions the frequency response of oneself bell with two types of different yokes.
Engineering Structures, 2010
This paper describes a study carried out on the bell tower of the Church of Santas Justa and Rufi... more This paper describes a study carried out on the bell tower of the Church of Santas Justa and Rufina in Orihuela in the Province of Alicante, Spain. The study was made to predict the evolution of its dynamic behaviour in relation to subsidence caused by variations in the level of the water table during periods of drought. Initial calibration of the developed numerical model was based on the dynamic characteristics of the tower in free vibration. The numerical model included details of both the structure and the surrounding terrain to a depth of ten meters, as indicated by geotechnical tests. Sensitivity studies were made of the terrain’s elastic characteristics with the aim of evaluating the dynamic amplification factor of the soil–structure interaction due to dynamic forces generated by the swinging of the bells in the tower.
En este trabajo se han estudiado los efectos de la exposición de una calcarenita a altas temperat... more En este trabajo se han estudiado los efectos de la exposición de una calcarenita a altas temperaturas. Los parámetros estudiados han sido: porosidades abierta y total, módulos elásticos estáticos y dinámicos y resistencia a compresión uniaxial. Probetas del material de 52 mm de diámetro y 125 mm de altura, se han sometido a temperaturas de 200, 300, 400, 500 y 600 ºC. En cada temperatura se han utilizado dos procedimientos de enfriamiento: a) al aire, a temperatura ambiente; y b) por inmersión en agua destilada a temperatura ambiente. Las conclusiones principales indican pérdidas del módulo elástico de cerca del 80% y de la resistencia a compresión uniaxial del 50% en las probetas calentadas 600 ºC y enfriadas con agua. La resistencia a compresión uniaxial es el parámetro más sensible al método de enfriamiento, con pérdidas que llegan al 50% en las muestras calentadas a 600 ºC y enfriadas en agua.
En este trabajo se muestran los resultados de una serie de ensayos de laboratorio realizados para... more En este trabajo se muestran los resultados de una serie de ensayos de laboratorio realizados para estudiar el efecto de las altas temperaturas en las propiedades físicas y mecánicas de una calcarenita muy usada como material de construcción en edificios y monumentos históricos de la ciudad de Alicante. El objetivo es evaluar el daño térmico producido en el material al exponerlo a diferentes temperaturas y la influencia de los diferentes procesos de enfriamiento (al aire y por inmersión en agua), así como la viabilidad del diagnóstico del daño mediante métodos no destructivos (ultrasonidos). Se han utilizado probetas cilíndricas extraídas de bloques de roca sobre las que se han realizado ensayos de caracterización del material intacto obteniendo la porosidad, velocidades de propagación de las ondas P y S, módulos dinámicos y estáticos y resistencia a compresión uniaxial. El calentamiento se ha efectuado en horno eléctrico a temperaturas de entre 105 y 600ºC, en intervalos de 100ºC. P...
The actual trend of building codes is to include horizontal vehicle impacts as part of the accide... more The actual trend of building codes is to include horizontal vehicle impacts as part of the accidental actions to consider in the design of a building structure. Most of these codes use an equivalent static load to represent the effects of the impact. In this paper we will review how this issue is covered by some of the most representative buildings codes in the world. In particular we will focus on impacts that cause horizontal actions on structures, like car crashes against parking columns. We will show that the indications given by the different codes are widely dispersed and there is not a clear rule to take into account the effects of a vehicle impact against a building structure through a equivalent static load.
Se presenta un estudio de las propiedades estáticas y dinámicas de vigas de madera reforzadas con... more Se presenta un estudio de las propiedades estáticas y dinámicas de vigas de madera reforzadas con laminados de fibra de vidrio (GFRP). El objetivo es analizar el estado límite de servicio (ELS) de vibraciones, y la mejora de la ductilidad, mediante el uso de refuerzos de GFRP dentro de la rehabilitación de forjados unidireccionales. Se estudiaron diferentes vigas de dimensiones 95x150x3150mm3, de madera de pino silvestre. Como refuerzo se utilizaron tres capas, de espesor total 3mm, de material compuesto de tejido de fibra de vidrio bidireccional (0/90º) y resina epoxy, aplicadas manualmente. Se analizaron dos tipologías de refuerzo aplicadas en toda la longitud de las vigas. La primera mediante refuerzo de la cara inferior, y la segunda aumentado el refuerzo a lo largo de las caras laterales, hasta la mitad del canto de la viga. Los materiales fueron caracterizados estática y dinámicamente, obteniendo los módulos Elásticos, la tensión de rotura, y el factor de amortiguamiento para ...
Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference on Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering Computing, 2009
ABSTRACT
Proceedings of the Fifteenth UK Conference of the Association of Computational Mechanics in Engineering, 2007
Materials and Structures, 2014
A study on the static and dynamic properties of sawn timber beams reinforced with glass fiber-rei... more A study on the static and dynamic properties of sawn timber beams reinforced with glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) is reported in this paper. The experimental program is focused on the behavior of unidirectional wooden slabs, and the main objective is to fulfill the service state limit upon vibrations using GFRP when an architectonical retrofitting project is necessary. Two different typologies of reinforcement were evaluated on pine wood beams: one applied the composite only on the lower side of the beams, while the other also covered half of the beams depth. For the dynamic characterization, the natural frequency, damping ratio, and dynamic elastic modulus were measured using two different techniques: experimental modal analysis upon the whole beams; and bandwidth method using smaller samples of the same material. The static characterization consisted on four point bending tests, where elastic modulus, bending strength and ductility were assessed. The lower composite had better ductility and bending strength. On the other hand, the U-shaped laminate showed higher stiffness but also at a higher material cost. However, it allowed some ductility, i.e. compressive plasticity, even in the presence of hidden knots. Both dynamic techniques gave similar results and were capable of measuring the structure stiffness, even if short samples were used. Finally, the changes on dynamic properties because of the GFRP did not jeopardize the dynamic performance of the reinforced timber beams.
Rock Engineering and Rock Mechanics: Structures in and on Rock Masses, 2014
Rock Engineering and Rock Mechanics: Structures in and on Rock Masses, 2014
ABSTRACT Damping of a precast reinforced concrete box have been measured under different depths o... more ABSTRACT Damping of a precast reinforced concrete box have been measured under different depths of burial, from 0 to 2.5 m. Dynamic excitation was applied by means of a truck and a speed bump. Acceleration was registered on the middle of the ceiling of three adjacent concrete boxes and damping was obtained by determining the exponential decay of this signal. Increase of damping with depth of burial could not be proved, but the peak acceleration was clearly decreasing with depth of burial. Nevertheless, it was proved that damping increases with velocity.