Dr. Ashwani Kumar | University of Allahabad (original) (raw)

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Papers by Dr. Ashwani Kumar

Research paper thumbnail of FINANCIAL INCLUSION AMONG SMALL AND MARGINAL FARMERS

SHODH SANCHAR BULLETIN, 2020

Financial inclusion plays a vital role in the development of the economy. With the help of financ... more Financial inclusion plays a vital role in the development of the economy. With the help of financial inclusion, we can reduce the level of poverty in India and empower the farmers. The study is targeted to understand various aspects of financial inclusion in India for farmers and focused on measuring the degree of financial inclusion among farmers from the demand-side and also examines the relationship between the degree of financial inclusion and various demographic variables. The study is based on primary data taken as a sample of 280 small and marginal farmers. The study was found that 75.71 percent farmers had 'low degree of financial inclusion', 16.42 percent farmers had 'medium degree of financial inclusion' and only 7.85 percent farmers had 'high degree of financial inclusion' which shows very unsatisfactory conditions. Further the study examines the relationship between degree of financial inclusion and demographic variable in which found that gender, marital status and number of family members were not associated whereas size of landholding, age of respondent, educational qualification and annual family income were associated with the degree of financial inclusion among small and marginal farmers.

Research paper thumbnail of Financial Inclusion and Farmers: Association between Status and Demographic Variables

International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE), 2019

Financial inclusion is an excellent tool for empowerment of farmers. The current study examines t... more Financial inclusion is an excellent tool for empowerment of farmers. The current study examines the level of financial inclusion and study the association between various demographical variables and financial inclusion among the farmers. A survey of 360 farmers across Prayagraj district was conducted, this survey found that 71.4% of farmers had his bank accounts while 23.6% of farmers were actively using their bank accounts in past 3 months and only 10.6 % of farmers were taken loan from banks or other formal financial institutions. The survey shows that farmers were financially inclusion: as 72.8% have poor financial inclusion, 19.2% have fair financial inclusion, and only 8.1% have sound financial inclusion. The farmers had not sufficient financial literacy. Further analysis shows that gender is not associated with degree of financial inclusion while other demographic variables i.e. education qualification, family income, age group and size of landholding is closely associated with degree of financial inclusion.

Research paper thumbnail of Safeguarding E-Commerce Functioning in A Digitized Environment

Research Journal of Science & IT Management, 2018

The reverberations of the Digital era has transformed the economy isunimaginable ways. Extraordin... more The reverberations of the Digital era has transformed the economy isunimaginable ways. Extraordinary developments are being witnesses with changing times. There has been a remarkable growth in network externalities as it tenders to the requirement of its multi users. With the advancement of digitized environment, the routine transactions are being effected without employing cash regularly. This perhaps can be subjected to individual notion about preferences and its validity depends upon its employment. In view of such occurrence, the safety of the ongoing transactions has become a matter of utmost concern. Cyber security is being termed as the need of the hour with the growing E-transactions and E-commerce. The entire realm of safeguarding the assets is based on the infrastructure and capacity of the deployed measures to keep the services in place. This paper will highlight the outcome of different security methods employed in the implementation of web based business along with its authenticity.

Research paper thumbnail of Indian Goods and Services Tax: A Review of its Introductory Stage and its Possible Contribution Towards Sustainable Economic Development

International Journal of Management Studies, 2018

The success of any social scheme or program is analysed through its power to transform the lifest... more The success of any social scheme or program is analysed through its power to transform the lifestyles and welfare state of human beings and their ability to reduce inequality in the society and contribute to country's growth. Our policy makers have deliberated a sequence of taxation to curb on this problem which we have been facing since independence. GST plan is one of them which have focused on welfare state of people. This paper is an theoretical comprehension of the impact of Goods and Services Tax over Indian Tax system. GST is the only indirect tax that directly affects all sectors and sections of our economy. The concept features and the framework of GST have been discussed in this paper. A couple of countries implemented this tax system followed by France, being the first country to introduce GST. India is a federal democratic and therefore the GST was implemented parallel by the Central and State governments as CGST and SGST respectively. The present paper focused on explaining the concepts of GST and its evolution in India. Then it discusses the problems faced by the country with respect to its implementation and how did it impact the economy at its initial stage.

Research paper thumbnail of Impact of Demonetisation on Indian Economy: A Critical Study

Withdrawing units of money from circulation is demonetisation; units of money are denied the stat... more Withdrawing units of money from circulation is demonetisation; units of money are denied the status of legal tender. Demonetisation is defined as a process by which currency units will not remain legal tender. The currency notes will not be taken as valid currency. Demonetisation is a step taken by the government where currency units are ceased of its status as legal tender. Demonetisation is a basic condition to change national currency. In other words, demonetisation can be said a change of currency where new units of currency replace the old one. It may involve the introduction of new notes or coins of the same denomination or completely new denomination. The currency has been demonetised thrice in India. The first demonetisation was on 12th January 1946 (Saturday), second on 16th January 1978 (Monday) and the third was on 8th November 2016 (Tuesday). The study attempts to understand meaning and reasons of demonetisation, the sector-wise impact of demonetisation. This study also gives an insight into the positive and negative impact of demonetisation on Indian economy. This study is of descriptive nature so all the required and relevant data have been taken up from various journals, magazines for published papers and websites. Books have also been referred for theoretical information on the topic as required.

Thesis Chapters by Dr. Ashwani Kumar

Research paper thumbnail of A Study of Financial Inclusion of Small and Marginal Farmers in India With Special Reference to Selected Districts of UttarPradesh

University of Allahabad, 2022

Financial inclusion plays an important role in economic development of the farmers. It is importa... more Financial inclusion plays an important role in economic development of the farmers. It is important that the farmers should avail formal financial services. The study was targeted to understand various aspect of financial inclusion in India of the small and marginal farmers. The researcher has attempted to find out the current status of financial inclusion among the small and marginal farmers of the selected district of Uttar Pradesh. Field survey has been done to know the level of financial inclusion among small and marginal farmers and it was found that farmers have access to bank accounts but they were not operating it frequently. It has been found further that majority of the farmers were financially included. As there is a lot of irregularity in farming so it is very important to insure the crop of the farmers. The Finding shows that the crop insurance is not popular financial product among farmers and most of them were not aware about crop insurance. Several schemes are being run by the government to achieve the goal of financial inclusion, but due to lack of awareness among the farmers about the schemes, they are not able to reap the real benefits. There is no doubt that the government has taken important steps (such as Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana, opening of bank branches in remote areas, etc.) to improve financial inclusion status under central banks and other financial institutions leadership. The government needs to take more necessary steps (such as the government as well as financial institutions should connect with the farmers and provide maximum awareness about banking products and services, etc.) to increase the level of financial inclusion of farmers and provide financial services and products to every section of the society.

Research paper thumbnail of FINANCIAL INCLUSION AMONG SMALL AND MARGINAL FARMERS

SHODH SANCHAR BULLETIN, 2020

Financial inclusion plays a vital role in the development of the economy. With the help of financ... more Financial inclusion plays a vital role in the development of the economy. With the help of financial inclusion, we can reduce the level of poverty in India and empower the farmers. The study is targeted to understand various aspects of financial inclusion in India for farmers and focused on measuring the degree of financial inclusion among farmers from the demand-side and also examines the relationship between the degree of financial inclusion and various demographic variables. The study is based on primary data taken as a sample of 280 small and marginal farmers. The study was found that 75.71 percent farmers had 'low degree of financial inclusion', 16.42 percent farmers had 'medium degree of financial inclusion' and only 7.85 percent farmers had 'high degree of financial inclusion' which shows very unsatisfactory conditions. Further the study examines the relationship between degree of financial inclusion and demographic variable in which found that gender, marital status and number of family members were not associated whereas size of landholding, age of respondent, educational qualification and annual family income were associated with the degree of financial inclusion among small and marginal farmers.

Research paper thumbnail of Financial Inclusion and Farmers: Association between Status and Demographic Variables

International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE), 2019

Financial inclusion is an excellent tool for empowerment of farmers. The current study examines t... more Financial inclusion is an excellent tool for empowerment of farmers. The current study examines the level of financial inclusion and study the association between various demographical variables and financial inclusion among the farmers. A survey of 360 farmers across Prayagraj district was conducted, this survey found that 71.4% of farmers had his bank accounts while 23.6% of farmers were actively using their bank accounts in past 3 months and only 10.6 % of farmers were taken loan from banks or other formal financial institutions. The survey shows that farmers were financially inclusion: as 72.8% have poor financial inclusion, 19.2% have fair financial inclusion, and only 8.1% have sound financial inclusion. The farmers had not sufficient financial literacy. Further analysis shows that gender is not associated with degree of financial inclusion while other demographic variables i.e. education qualification, family income, age group and size of landholding is closely associated with degree of financial inclusion.

Research paper thumbnail of Safeguarding E-Commerce Functioning in A Digitized Environment

Research Journal of Science & IT Management, 2018

The reverberations of the Digital era has transformed the economy isunimaginable ways. Extraordin... more The reverberations of the Digital era has transformed the economy isunimaginable ways. Extraordinary developments are being witnesses with changing times. There has been a remarkable growth in network externalities as it tenders to the requirement of its multi users. With the advancement of digitized environment, the routine transactions are being effected without employing cash regularly. This perhaps can be subjected to individual notion about preferences and its validity depends upon its employment. In view of such occurrence, the safety of the ongoing transactions has become a matter of utmost concern. Cyber security is being termed as the need of the hour with the growing E-transactions and E-commerce. The entire realm of safeguarding the assets is based on the infrastructure and capacity of the deployed measures to keep the services in place. This paper will highlight the outcome of different security methods employed in the implementation of web based business along with its authenticity.

Research paper thumbnail of Indian Goods and Services Tax: A Review of its Introductory Stage and its Possible Contribution Towards Sustainable Economic Development

International Journal of Management Studies, 2018

The success of any social scheme or program is analysed through its power to transform the lifest... more The success of any social scheme or program is analysed through its power to transform the lifestyles and welfare state of human beings and their ability to reduce inequality in the society and contribute to country's growth. Our policy makers have deliberated a sequence of taxation to curb on this problem which we have been facing since independence. GST plan is one of them which have focused on welfare state of people. This paper is an theoretical comprehension of the impact of Goods and Services Tax over Indian Tax system. GST is the only indirect tax that directly affects all sectors and sections of our economy. The concept features and the framework of GST have been discussed in this paper. A couple of countries implemented this tax system followed by France, being the first country to introduce GST. India is a federal democratic and therefore the GST was implemented parallel by the Central and State governments as CGST and SGST respectively. The present paper focused on explaining the concepts of GST and its evolution in India. Then it discusses the problems faced by the country with respect to its implementation and how did it impact the economy at its initial stage.

Research paper thumbnail of Impact of Demonetisation on Indian Economy: A Critical Study

Withdrawing units of money from circulation is demonetisation; units of money are denied the stat... more Withdrawing units of money from circulation is demonetisation; units of money are denied the status of legal tender. Demonetisation is defined as a process by which currency units will not remain legal tender. The currency notes will not be taken as valid currency. Demonetisation is a step taken by the government where currency units are ceased of its status as legal tender. Demonetisation is a basic condition to change national currency. In other words, demonetisation can be said a change of currency where new units of currency replace the old one. It may involve the introduction of new notes or coins of the same denomination or completely new denomination. The currency has been demonetised thrice in India. The first demonetisation was on 12th January 1946 (Saturday), second on 16th January 1978 (Monday) and the third was on 8th November 2016 (Tuesday). The study attempts to understand meaning and reasons of demonetisation, the sector-wise impact of demonetisation. This study also gives an insight into the positive and negative impact of demonetisation on Indian economy. This study is of descriptive nature so all the required and relevant data have been taken up from various journals, magazines for published papers and websites. Books have also been referred for theoretical information on the topic as required.

Research paper thumbnail of A Study of Financial Inclusion of Small and Marginal Farmers in India With Special Reference to Selected Districts of UttarPradesh

University of Allahabad, 2022

Financial inclusion plays an important role in economic development of the farmers. It is importa... more Financial inclusion plays an important role in economic development of the farmers. It is important that the farmers should avail formal financial services. The study was targeted to understand various aspect of financial inclusion in India of the small and marginal farmers. The researcher has attempted to find out the current status of financial inclusion among the small and marginal farmers of the selected district of Uttar Pradesh. Field survey has been done to know the level of financial inclusion among small and marginal farmers and it was found that farmers have access to bank accounts but they were not operating it frequently. It has been found further that majority of the farmers were financially included. As there is a lot of irregularity in farming so it is very important to insure the crop of the farmers. The Finding shows that the crop insurance is not popular financial product among farmers and most of them were not aware about crop insurance. Several schemes are being run by the government to achieve the goal of financial inclusion, but due to lack of awareness among the farmers about the schemes, they are not able to reap the real benefits. There is no doubt that the government has taken important steps (such as Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana, opening of bank branches in remote areas, etc.) to improve financial inclusion status under central banks and other financial institutions leadership. The government needs to take more necessary steps (such as the government as well as financial institutions should connect with the farmers and provide maximum awareness about banking products and services, etc.) to increase the level of financial inclusion of farmers and provide financial services and products to every section of the society.