Dr. Kumud Bala | Amity University, Noida (original) (raw)

Papers by Dr. Kumud Bala

Scientific Reports

The original version of this Article contained an error in the author list. Tapan K. Chaudhuri wa... more The original version of this Article contained an error in the author list. Tapan K. Chaudhuri was incorrectly listed as an author of the original Article, and has subsequently been removed.

Regardless of the well-known antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of essential oils, requirem... more Regardless of the well-known antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of essential oils, requirement of their large doses is the major bottleneck in using them as food preservatives. In the present study, possible synergistic interactions on antioxidant and antibacterial capacity of essential oils from six selected medicinal plants namely Callistemon lanceolatus (Sm.) Sweet, Ocimum gratissimum L., Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt ex Bor. (Citronella java), Cymbopogon flexuosus (Nees ex Steud.) W. Watson, Mentha longifolia (L.) L., and Vitex negundo L., in combination as well as with synthetic antioxidant and antibiotics were evaluated. Antibacterial synergistic effect was determined against three Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus and Bacillus subtilis) and two Gram negative (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae) bacteria using broth dilution method. Antioxidant combination effect was evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging method. The types of interactions in different binary combinations were determined by calculating the fractional inhibitory concentration indexes (FICI). Synergistic interactions were observed between essential oil combinations showing enhanced antioxidant and antibacterial activity. Further it was observed that essential oils not only enhanced the antioxidant and antibacterial efficacy of synthetic compounds but also resulted in significant reduction of their active doses due to synergy.

Der Pharmacia Lettre, 2016

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the comparative antioxidant activity between ... more The purpose of the present study was to investigate the comparative antioxidant activity between the different parts of banana fruits of Musa sp. (Musa paradisiacal and Musa acuminata). Antioxidant activity was determined by electron transfer assay (ET assay) consisting of total Flavonoid content (Thin Layer chromatography and Aluminium chloride colorimetric method), total Phenolic content (Folin ciocalteau method), reducing power and DPPH free radical scavenging assay in alcoholic extracts of peel and pulp of ripe & uniripe of banana fruits of Musa sp. (Musa paradisiaca and Musa acuminata). This was found from the present study that from the thin layer of chromatography, Flavonoid glycoside and Anthocyanidins & anthocyanins found to be present in the ethanolic and methanolic extracts of them. Maximum flavonoid content found to be present in the methanolic extract of pulp of unripe banana fruit of Musa paradisiaca i.e. 90.56 mg QE/ g of Extract, whereas same amount of flavonoids to be present in the ethanolic extract of pulp of ripe of banana fruit of Musa acuminata by aluminium chloride colorimetric method. Total phenolic content was also determined in the ethanolic and methanolic extract of peel and pulp of ripe and unripe banana fruit of Musa sp., where 2298 mg QE/ g of extract found to be present in the ethanolic extract of pulp of unripe banana fruit of Musa paradisiaca. As far as methanolic extract was concerned, peel of ripe of banana fruit of Musa acuminata has also shown maximum phenolic content i.e. 1162 mg QE/ g of Extract. Antioxidant activity was als found to be maximum in the pulp of unripe banana fruit of Musa paradisiaca with percentage inhibition of i.e. 70.2%, where as 85.38% of inhibition found to be present in the pulp of unripe of Musa acuminata. Reducing power found to be maximum in ethanolic ripe pulp of Musa acuminata and also in methanolic ripe peel of Musa paradisiaca. We authors would like to conclude from the above study, unripe pulp and peel of Musa acuminata has shown maximum antioxidant and also the presence of polyphenolic flavonoids. Future work includes the purification and quantification of secondary metabolites to use as a where Unripe pulp and peel of Musa acuminata and Musa paradisiaca traditional herbal remedy.

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mar 1, 2016

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to identify the Non-Fermenting Gram Negative Bact... more Objective: The purpose of the present study was to identify the Non-Fermenting Gram Negative Bacteria from the tertiary care hospital. Methods: The conventional method was used i.e. Antibiotic susceptibility test which was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method and analysis of microbes was done by Vitek-2. Results: 172 samples were identified as Non-Fermenting Gram-Negative Bacilli from 1526 respiratory samples. Acinetobacter baumanii was the predominant isolate accounting 103 (59.88%) specimens followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 33.13%. Other isolates were Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 5.23% and Burkholderi acepacia1.74%. From the 172 samples, Endotracheal Aspirate was found to be the most infected amongst all the other samples. Acinetobacter baumanii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the most common NFGNB isolated in our study from patients of Respiratory Tract Infections. Conclusion: Both Acinetobacter baumanii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed good sensitivity to colistin, amikacin, cefoperazone while in most cases carbapenam is found to be highly resistant. Colistin along with amikacin and cefoperazone should be used against this pathogen for treatment.

Current Bioactive Compounds, Jun 1, 2021

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, Feb 1, 2017

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to identify the fermenting and non-fermenting Gra... more Objective: The purpose of the present study was to identify the fermenting and non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria from the tertiary care hospital. Methods: The conventional method of identification by biochemical analysis and antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Furthermore, analysis of microbes was done by Vitek-2. Results: 424 strains of lactose fermenting Gram-negative bacilli (LFGNB) and non-LFGNB (NLFGNB) were isolated from 3097 clinical samples. From the total LF bacteria, Escherichia coli was the predominant isolate accounting for 50.94% specimens, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae 27.59% and Enterobacter 0.47%. From the total NLFGNB, Acinetobacter baumannii was the predominant isolate accounting for 12.73% specimens followed by Pseudomonas aeroginosa 6.13%, other isolates were Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 1.17%, Burkholderia cepacia 0.94%. In the present study, male were more infected than female. The study also showed that LF bacteria were more infectious than non LF bacteria and isolates were from urine samples. Conclusion: Both NLFGNB and LFGNB Gram-negative bacilli were found to be major contaminants, and are important pathogenic bacteria causing a wide range of infections in the tertiary care hospital.

Indo global journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2017

European journal of medicinal plants, Jan 10, 2017

This work was carried out in collaboration between all authors. Author YS designed the study, per... more This work was carried out in collaboration between all authors. Author YS designed the study, performed the statistical analysis, wrote the protocol and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Author JK managed the analyses of the study and managed the literature searches. Author KB reviewed, guided and approved the final manuscript.

Neurological Research, Sep 13, 2018

Present study was to observe the neuroprotective ability of TMV coat protein by observing both in... more Present study was to observe the neuroprotective ability of TMV coat protein by observing both in vitro studies on Rat PC-12 cells and in silico studies with LRRK2 receptor by molecular docking. TMV coat protein was extracted out from the stem of Nicotiana tabacum and was purified and identified by MALDI-TOF/MS/MS analysis. We confer antioxidant activity of TMV coat protein by enzyme activity like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and nonenzyme content by glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Neuroprotective ability of TMV coat protein was observed by determining the enzyme activity and nonenzyme content in treated cells that were exposed to neurotoxic shock. In silico studies were done in order to observe the molecular docking studies against LRRK2 receptor. Antioxidant content was found to be high in TMV coat protein and in treated Rat PC-12 cells as well. Enzyme activity and nonenzyme content were determined and their levels were found to be in increasing level with respect to the volume of 0.2 mg/ml of TMV coat protein. In silico studies revealed the binding efficacy of TMV coat protein with LRRK2 receptor by observing the molecular docking using automated servers. From the present study, it was found that TMV coat protein can be utilized as neuroprotective agent and inhibitor of LRRK2 receptor.

Oncology Reviews, May 19, 2020

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common type of head and neck squamous cell... more Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common type of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and one of the multifactorial process that consists of most contributing factors such as tobacco smoking, chewing and alcohol consumption that altered the intracellular environment. Recent studies have shown relevance of Toll like receptor (TLR) associated with carcinogenesis. This review aim's to explore that how TLR associates with progression and suppression of OSCC. This review is a classical review that has confined to articles published in the past 19 years (i.e. 2000-2019) and has summarized the perspective of the authors. 62 articles were reviewed and it was found that progression and suppression of OSCC is associated with different TLRs promoting tumor development and also inhibiting the progression of oral neoplasm. It was found that TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR5, TLR7 and TLR9 are associated with tumor development i.e. in progression of OSCC, where as suppression of OSCC through TLR3 and TLR7. We authors would like to conclude that literature survey has indicated effective TLR's against OSCC development and can be explored to investigate other TLRs that can be used for therapeutic purposes in near future.

Research Square (Research Square), Jan 3, 2022

Abrus precatorius is a widely distributed tropical medicinal plant with several therapeutic prope... more Abrus precatorius is a widely distributed tropical medicinal plant with several therapeutic properties, however its seed extract has not been studied against cervical cancer (CaCx) till date. Herein, we have assessed the antioxidant and antiproliferative properties of A. precatorius seed extracts (ethyl acetate and 70% ethanol) prepared from different extraction methods (Soxhlet and maceration) against human cervix carcinoma cells (Hep2C). We observed a signi cantly higher total avonoid content of APE (sox) i.e.,112.7±0.127 mg Quercetin Equivalent/g of extract than others; total phenolic content of APA (mac) seed extract was higher i.e.,108.53±0.089 mg Quercetin Equivalent/g of extract and total tannin content of APA (sox) was higher i.e., 98.98± 0.011 mg tannic acid equivalents/g of extract. In addition, tannic acid, rutin and piperine were identi ed in extracts by HPLC. Furthermore, APA (sox) exhibited the highest radical scavenging activity with an IC50 value of 14.49±0.93µg/ml. APE (mac) showed the most signi cant antiproliferative activity with IC50 value of 85.90±0.93µg/mL against Hep2c cells. SOD and GST activity was observed as highest in the APA(Mac) extract whereas the catalase activity and GSH content was maximum in the APE(Mac) extract. Further, the MDA content was observed to be the least in APE(Mac) extracts. Docking results suggested maximum binding energy between tannic acid and Her2 receptor compared to doxorubicin (standard). This study provides evidence that A. precatorius seed extracts possess promising bioactive compounds with probable anticancer and antioxidant properties against CaCx which might be utilized as a possible herbal remedy aimed at restricting tumor growth.

Scientific Reports, Jun 17, 2022

Abrus precatorius is a tropical medicinal plant with multiple medicinal benefits whose seeds have... more Abrus precatorius is a tropical medicinal plant with multiple medicinal benefits whose seeds have not yet been studied against cervical cancer. Herein, we have assessed the antioxidant and antiproliferative properties of seed extracts (ethyl acetate and 70% ethanol) prepared from Soxhlet and Maceration extraction methods against Hep2C and HeLa Cells. We observed that the APE (Sox) extract had a significantly higher total flavonoid content, APA (Mac) extract had a high total phenolic content, and APA (Sox) extract had a high total tannin content. Further, HPLC analysis of extracts revealed the presence of tannic acid and rutin. Moreover, APA (Sox) exhibited the highest free radical scavenging activity. APE (Mac) had the best antiproliferative activity against Hep2C cells, while APA (Sox) had the best antiproliferative activity against HeLa cells. In Hep2C cells, APE (Mac) extract revealed the highest SOD, catalase activity, GSH content, and the lowest MDA content, whereas APA (Mac) extract demonstrated the highest GST activity. In HeLa cells, APA (Sox) extract showed the highest SOD, GST activity, GSH content, and the least MDA content, whereas APA (Mac) extract showed the highest catalase activity. Lastly, docking results suggested maximum binding affinity of tannic acid with HER2 and GCR receptors. This study provides evidence that A. precatorius seed extracts possess promising bioactive compounds with probable anticancer and antioxidant properties against cervical cancer for restricting tumor growth. Cancer is one of the major causes of mortality in both men and women worldwide and its research has garnered attention from the scientific fraternity all across the globe. Considering the global burden of gynecological cancers, cervical cancer (CaCx) among them ranks as the fourth most common cancer with nearly 604,000 new reported cases and 342,000 deaths in 2020 1. Despite effective screening measures and treatment modalities, cervical cancer continues to hold the banner of the leading cause of cancer related mortality among women 2. Therefore, the development of novel therapeutic drugs with increased efficiency is warranted. Interestingly, receptors like Glucocorticoids (GCR), Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), estrogen and progesterone receptors are reported to be associated with progression of cervical cancer 3. Moreover, high levels of estrogen and progesterone facilitate hormonal imbalance in women and therefore, the above-mentioned receptors have been established as promising therapeutic candidates as corroborated by in-silico studies 4-7. Out of the 1881 new chemical entities that were approved as drugs between 1981 and 2019, purely synthetic compounds accounted for only 24.6%, while the majority of the new drugs were derived from medicinal plants 8. Herbal plants have made important contributions to the development of anticancer drugs. Numerous natural substances are recognized to be antioxidants, cancer preventive agents or even antitumor agents such as paclitaxel 9. Abrus precatorius L. (Fabaceae) is a plant that spans tropical and subtropical parts of the world. Lowly elevated, dry regions are conducive to its growth. Known for its medicinal value, its leaves, roots and seeds are often exploited for anti-helminthic, anti-diarrheal, neuroprotective, anti-depression, anti-fertility, anti-cataract, antiarthritic, anti-allergic and anti-emetic purposes. Abrus derived lectins have been widely used in treating various cancers 10. Evidence advocates that the seeds of this medicinal herb are effective in treating diabetes and chronic nephritis. Moreover, A. precatorius leaves possess a sweetness quotient equivalent to sucrose and are therefore used to sweeten foods in West tropical Africa 11. The main aim of the study was to prepare A. precatorius seed extracts using Soxhlet and Maceration methods to identify various phytochemical compounds and evaluate their abilities to function as antioxidants and as antiproliferative agents in human cervix carcinoma cells.

Research Square (Research Square), Feb 10, 2023

The Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Aug 5, 2022

Physical Attributes A. precatorius, often referred to as the crab's eye or rosary pea, is a peren... more Physical Attributes A. precatorius, often referred to as the crab's eye or rosary pea, is a perennially climbing, slender, woody plant native to India. It grows by looping around trees, bushes, and fences. This plant is currently generally found in numerous tropical Cancer remains as the subsequent cause of death in the contemporary society trailing after heart disease. Abrus precatorius, a vine of the Fabaceae family, has proven to be immensely beneficial in cancer management. Its seeds, leaves androots are rich source of phytochemicals such as terpenoids, alkaloids, lectin proteins, flavonoids, tannins and phenolic compounds. These metabolites possess a plethora of properties such as anti-cancer, anti-angiogenic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory etc. This review takes a comprehensive and critical look at the evidence on Abrus-derived metabolites in cancer therapy. It reviews the results of preclinical (in-vitro and in-vivo) investigations on the therapeutic potential of A. precatorius metabolites targeting a wide range of malignancies including those of the gastrointestinal tract, breast, gynaecological related, urogenital cancer etc. The review also explores the existing limitations and concerns in this field, as well as the post-analysis recommendation to guide future research.

Indian Journal of Public Health Research and Development, 2018

The study was carried out in selected villages of Jodhpur district of Rajasthan. Study area was d... more The study was carried out in selected villages of Jodhpur district of Rajasthan. Study area was divided into four categories with different fluoride level in drinking water. Total 100 children aged 8–14 years were screened for dental fluorosis and biochemical analysis. 25 children were selected from each category. The dental fluorosis case was determined following dean's classification. Fluoride level in blood (serum) sample was estimated with the help of F ion specific electrode (Thermo Scientific Orion Star A329, USA), by Hall et al. method. The serum samples of children were investigated to assess liver function using Auto analyzer. The current study reveals that Fluoride content in blood serum significantly associate with serum SGOT, SGPT and ALP level. Serum level of Fluoride and ALP significantly higher in children living in high Fluoride content drinking water.

Scientific Reports

Biogenic silver nanoconjugates (AgNCs), derived from medicinal plants, have been widely explored ... more Biogenic silver nanoconjugates (AgNCs), derived from medicinal plants, have been widely explored in the field of biomedicines. AgNCs for the first-time were synthesized using ethyl acetate seed extracts of Abrus precatorius and their antiproliferative and antiangiogenic efficacies were evaluated against cervical and oral carcinoma. Ultraviolet–Visible spectrophotometry, dynamic light Scattering (DLS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used for characterization of AgNCs. Antiproliferative activity was investigated using MTT, DNA fragmentation and in-vitro antioxidant enzyme activity assays. In-vivo chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model was used to evaluate antiangiogenic activity. A total of 11 compounds were identified in both the extracts in GCMS analysis. The synthesized AgNCs were spherical shaped with an average size of 97.4 nm for AgAPE (Sox) and 64.3 nm for AgAPE (Mac). AgNCs possessed effective inhibition against Hep2C and KB cells. In Hep2C cells, AgAPE (Mac) ...

Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 2017

International Journal of Biology, Pharmacy and Allied Sciences, 2020

Progesterone and Estrogen are being used to synthesize Combined oral contraceptives (COCs) and se... more Progesterone and Estrogen are being used to synthesize Combined oral contraceptives (COCs) and serve as most convenient, safe, effective method of contraception. Due to their side effects in most women, herbal medicines have been proposed as alternatives to these contraceptive methods. The present study was aimed to evaluate the antifertility effects of Genistein (isolated from Glycine max), via in-silico and in vivo experimentation on female Rattusnorvergicus (Wistar albino rats). Genistein was docked with Estrogen Receptor of rats (ER α and ER β). For, antagonist actions we compared ERA-4-[(2-{4-[(1E)-1-(1H-indazol-5yl)-2-phenylbut-1-en-1-yl]phenoxy}ethyl)amino]-N,N-dimethylbutanamide complex with ERA-genistein complex and ERB-(R,R)-5,11-cis-diethyl-5,6,11,12-tetrahydro-chrysene-2,8diol complex (PDB ID: 1l2J) with ERB-genistein complex. To further investigate the in vivo anti-fertility effects of Genistein and its correlation with serumestrogen, adult Rattus norvergicus (Wistar albino rats) was administered with 10, 20 and30mg Genistein/kg body weight dissolved in DMSO: PBS (1:4) vehicle for 15 days. Estrogen hormone level in the serum was estimated through ELISA. In-silico observation has shown that Genistein may act as antagonist for Estrogen Receptors. Serum estrogen level was found to be reduced, which can lead to disrupt ovulation. This shows that the Genistein might be working as antiovulatory agent by acting as a phytoestrogen.

Clean Energy Production Technologies, 2022

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2015

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to identify the Non-Fermenting Gram Negative Bact... more Objective: The purpose of the present study was to identify the Non-Fermenting Gram Negative Bacteria from the tertiary care hospital. Methods: The conventional method was used i.e. Antibiotic susceptibility test which was performed by Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method and analysis of microbes was done by Vitek-2. Results: 172 samples were identified as Non-Fermenting Gram-Negative Bacilli from 1526 respiratory samples. Acinetobacter baumanii was the predominant isolate accounting 103 (59.88%) specimens followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 33.13%. Other isolates were Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 5.23% and Burkholderi acepacia 1.74%. From the 172 samples, Endotracheal Aspirate was found to be the most infected amongst all the other samples. Acinetobacter baumanii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the most common NFGNB isolated in our study from patients of Respiratory Tract Infections. Conclusion: Both Acinetobacter baumanii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed good sensitivity to colistin,...

Scientific Reports

The original version of this Article contained an error in the author list. Tapan K. Chaudhuri wa... more The original version of this Article contained an error in the author list. Tapan K. Chaudhuri was incorrectly listed as an author of the original Article, and has subsequently been removed.

Regardless of the well-known antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of essential oils, requirem... more Regardless of the well-known antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of essential oils, requirement of their large doses is the major bottleneck in using them as food preservatives. In the present study, possible synergistic interactions on antioxidant and antibacterial capacity of essential oils from six selected medicinal plants namely Callistemon lanceolatus (Sm.) Sweet, Ocimum gratissimum L., Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt ex Bor. (Citronella java), Cymbopogon flexuosus (Nees ex Steud.) W. Watson, Mentha longifolia (L.) L., and Vitex negundo L., in combination as well as with synthetic antioxidant and antibiotics were evaluated. Antibacterial synergistic effect was determined against three Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus and Bacillus subtilis) and two Gram negative (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae) bacteria using broth dilution method. Antioxidant combination effect was evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging method. The types of interactions in different binary combinations were determined by calculating the fractional inhibitory concentration indexes (FICI). Synergistic interactions were observed between essential oil combinations showing enhanced antioxidant and antibacterial activity. Further it was observed that essential oils not only enhanced the antioxidant and antibacterial efficacy of synthetic compounds but also resulted in significant reduction of their active doses due to synergy.

Der Pharmacia Lettre, 2016

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the comparative antioxidant activity between ... more The purpose of the present study was to investigate the comparative antioxidant activity between the different parts of banana fruits of Musa sp. (Musa paradisiacal and Musa acuminata). Antioxidant activity was determined by electron transfer assay (ET assay) consisting of total Flavonoid content (Thin Layer chromatography and Aluminium chloride colorimetric method), total Phenolic content (Folin ciocalteau method), reducing power and DPPH free radical scavenging assay in alcoholic extracts of peel and pulp of ripe & uniripe of banana fruits of Musa sp. (Musa paradisiaca and Musa acuminata). This was found from the present study that from the thin layer of chromatography, Flavonoid glycoside and Anthocyanidins & anthocyanins found to be present in the ethanolic and methanolic extracts of them. Maximum flavonoid content found to be present in the methanolic extract of pulp of unripe banana fruit of Musa paradisiaca i.e. 90.56 mg QE/ g of Extract, whereas same amount of flavonoids to be present in the ethanolic extract of pulp of ripe of banana fruit of Musa acuminata by aluminium chloride colorimetric method. Total phenolic content was also determined in the ethanolic and methanolic extract of peel and pulp of ripe and unripe banana fruit of Musa sp., where 2298 mg QE/ g of extract found to be present in the ethanolic extract of pulp of unripe banana fruit of Musa paradisiaca. As far as methanolic extract was concerned, peel of ripe of banana fruit of Musa acuminata has also shown maximum phenolic content i.e. 1162 mg QE/ g of Extract. Antioxidant activity was als found to be maximum in the pulp of unripe banana fruit of Musa paradisiaca with percentage inhibition of i.e. 70.2%, where as 85.38% of inhibition found to be present in the pulp of unripe of Musa acuminata. Reducing power found to be maximum in ethanolic ripe pulp of Musa acuminata and also in methanolic ripe peel of Musa paradisiaca. We authors would like to conclude from the above study, unripe pulp and peel of Musa acuminata has shown maximum antioxidant and also the presence of polyphenolic flavonoids. Future work includes the purification and quantification of secondary metabolites to use as a where Unripe pulp and peel of Musa acuminata and Musa paradisiaca traditional herbal remedy.

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mar 1, 2016

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to identify the Non-Fermenting Gram Negative Bact... more Objective: The purpose of the present study was to identify the Non-Fermenting Gram Negative Bacteria from the tertiary care hospital. Methods: The conventional method was used i.e. Antibiotic susceptibility test which was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method and analysis of microbes was done by Vitek-2. Results: 172 samples were identified as Non-Fermenting Gram-Negative Bacilli from 1526 respiratory samples. Acinetobacter baumanii was the predominant isolate accounting 103 (59.88%) specimens followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 33.13%. Other isolates were Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 5.23% and Burkholderi acepacia1.74%. From the 172 samples, Endotracheal Aspirate was found to be the most infected amongst all the other samples. Acinetobacter baumanii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the most common NFGNB isolated in our study from patients of Respiratory Tract Infections. Conclusion: Both Acinetobacter baumanii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed good sensitivity to colistin, amikacin, cefoperazone while in most cases carbapenam is found to be highly resistant. Colistin along with amikacin and cefoperazone should be used against this pathogen for treatment.

Current Bioactive Compounds, Jun 1, 2021

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, Feb 1, 2017

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to identify the fermenting and non-fermenting Gra... more Objective: The purpose of the present study was to identify the fermenting and non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria from the tertiary care hospital. Methods: The conventional method of identification by biochemical analysis and antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Furthermore, analysis of microbes was done by Vitek-2. Results: 424 strains of lactose fermenting Gram-negative bacilli (LFGNB) and non-LFGNB (NLFGNB) were isolated from 3097 clinical samples. From the total LF bacteria, Escherichia coli was the predominant isolate accounting for 50.94% specimens, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae 27.59% and Enterobacter 0.47%. From the total NLFGNB, Acinetobacter baumannii was the predominant isolate accounting for 12.73% specimens followed by Pseudomonas aeroginosa 6.13%, other isolates were Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 1.17%, Burkholderia cepacia 0.94%. In the present study, male were more infected than female. The study also showed that LF bacteria were more infectious than non LF bacteria and isolates were from urine samples. Conclusion: Both NLFGNB and LFGNB Gram-negative bacilli were found to be major contaminants, and are important pathogenic bacteria causing a wide range of infections in the tertiary care hospital.

Indo global journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2017

European journal of medicinal plants, Jan 10, 2017

This work was carried out in collaboration between all authors. Author YS designed the study, per... more This work was carried out in collaboration between all authors. Author YS designed the study, performed the statistical analysis, wrote the protocol and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Author JK managed the analyses of the study and managed the literature searches. Author KB reviewed, guided and approved the final manuscript.

Neurological Research, Sep 13, 2018

Present study was to observe the neuroprotective ability of TMV coat protein by observing both in... more Present study was to observe the neuroprotective ability of TMV coat protein by observing both in vitro studies on Rat PC-12 cells and in silico studies with LRRK2 receptor by molecular docking. TMV coat protein was extracted out from the stem of Nicotiana tabacum and was purified and identified by MALDI-TOF/MS/MS analysis. We confer antioxidant activity of TMV coat protein by enzyme activity like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and nonenzyme content by glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Neuroprotective ability of TMV coat protein was observed by determining the enzyme activity and nonenzyme content in treated cells that were exposed to neurotoxic shock. In silico studies were done in order to observe the molecular docking studies against LRRK2 receptor. Antioxidant content was found to be high in TMV coat protein and in treated Rat PC-12 cells as well. Enzyme activity and nonenzyme content were determined and their levels were found to be in increasing level with respect to the volume of 0.2 mg/ml of TMV coat protein. In silico studies revealed the binding efficacy of TMV coat protein with LRRK2 receptor by observing the molecular docking using automated servers. From the present study, it was found that TMV coat protein can be utilized as neuroprotective agent and inhibitor of LRRK2 receptor.

Oncology Reviews, May 19, 2020

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common type of head and neck squamous cell... more Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common type of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and one of the multifactorial process that consists of most contributing factors such as tobacco smoking, chewing and alcohol consumption that altered the intracellular environment. Recent studies have shown relevance of Toll like receptor (TLR) associated with carcinogenesis. This review aim's to explore that how TLR associates with progression and suppression of OSCC. This review is a classical review that has confined to articles published in the past 19 years (i.e. 2000-2019) and has summarized the perspective of the authors. 62 articles were reviewed and it was found that progression and suppression of OSCC is associated with different TLRs promoting tumor development and also inhibiting the progression of oral neoplasm. It was found that TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR5, TLR7 and TLR9 are associated with tumor development i.e. in progression of OSCC, where as suppression of OSCC through TLR3 and TLR7. We authors would like to conclude that literature survey has indicated effective TLR's against OSCC development and can be explored to investigate other TLRs that can be used for therapeutic purposes in near future.

Research Square (Research Square), Jan 3, 2022

Abrus precatorius is a widely distributed tropical medicinal plant with several therapeutic prope... more Abrus precatorius is a widely distributed tropical medicinal plant with several therapeutic properties, however its seed extract has not been studied against cervical cancer (CaCx) till date. Herein, we have assessed the antioxidant and antiproliferative properties of A. precatorius seed extracts (ethyl acetate and 70% ethanol) prepared from different extraction methods (Soxhlet and maceration) against human cervix carcinoma cells (Hep2C). We observed a signi cantly higher total avonoid content of APE (sox) i.e.,112.7±0.127 mg Quercetin Equivalent/g of extract than others; total phenolic content of APA (mac) seed extract was higher i.e.,108.53±0.089 mg Quercetin Equivalent/g of extract and total tannin content of APA (sox) was higher i.e., 98.98± 0.011 mg tannic acid equivalents/g of extract. In addition, tannic acid, rutin and piperine were identi ed in extracts by HPLC. Furthermore, APA (sox) exhibited the highest radical scavenging activity with an IC50 value of 14.49±0.93µg/ml. APE (mac) showed the most signi cant antiproliferative activity with IC50 value of 85.90±0.93µg/mL against Hep2c cells. SOD and GST activity was observed as highest in the APA(Mac) extract whereas the catalase activity and GSH content was maximum in the APE(Mac) extract. Further, the MDA content was observed to be the least in APE(Mac) extracts. Docking results suggested maximum binding energy between tannic acid and Her2 receptor compared to doxorubicin (standard). This study provides evidence that A. precatorius seed extracts possess promising bioactive compounds with probable anticancer and antioxidant properties against CaCx which might be utilized as a possible herbal remedy aimed at restricting tumor growth.

Scientific Reports, Jun 17, 2022

Abrus precatorius is a tropical medicinal plant with multiple medicinal benefits whose seeds have... more Abrus precatorius is a tropical medicinal plant with multiple medicinal benefits whose seeds have not yet been studied against cervical cancer. Herein, we have assessed the antioxidant and antiproliferative properties of seed extracts (ethyl acetate and 70% ethanol) prepared from Soxhlet and Maceration extraction methods against Hep2C and HeLa Cells. We observed that the APE (Sox) extract had a significantly higher total flavonoid content, APA (Mac) extract had a high total phenolic content, and APA (Sox) extract had a high total tannin content. Further, HPLC analysis of extracts revealed the presence of tannic acid and rutin. Moreover, APA (Sox) exhibited the highest free radical scavenging activity. APE (Mac) had the best antiproliferative activity against Hep2C cells, while APA (Sox) had the best antiproliferative activity against HeLa cells. In Hep2C cells, APE (Mac) extract revealed the highest SOD, catalase activity, GSH content, and the lowest MDA content, whereas APA (Mac) extract demonstrated the highest GST activity. In HeLa cells, APA (Sox) extract showed the highest SOD, GST activity, GSH content, and the least MDA content, whereas APA (Mac) extract showed the highest catalase activity. Lastly, docking results suggested maximum binding affinity of tannic acid with HER2 and GCR receptors. This study provides evidence that A. precatorius seed extracts possess promising bioactive compounds with probable anticancer and antioxidant properties against cervical cancer for restricting tumor growth. Cancer is one of the major causes of mortality in both men and women worldwide and its research has garnered attention from the scientific fraternity all across the globe. Considering the global burden of gynecological cancers, cervical cancer (CaCx) among them ranks as the fourth most common cancer with nearly 604,000 new reported cases and 342,000 deaths in 2020 1. Despite effective screening measures and treatment modalities, cervical cancer continues to hold the banner of the leading cause of cancer related mortality among women 2. Therefore, the development of novel therapeutic drugs with increased efficiency is warranted. Interestingly, receptors like Glucocorticoids (GCR), Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), estrogen and progesterone receptors are reported to be associated with progression of cervical cancer 3. Moreover, high levels of estrogen and progesterone facilitate hormonal imbalance in women and therefore, the above-mentioned receptors have been established as promising therapeutic candidates as corroborated by in-silico studies 4-7. Out of the 1881 new chemical entities that were approved as drugs between 1981 and 2019, purely synthetic compounds accounted for only 24.6%, while the majority of the new drugs were derived from medicinal plants 8. Herbal plants have made important contributions to the development of anticancer drugs. Numerous natural substances are recognized to be antioxidants, cancer preventive agents or even antitumor agents such as paclitaxel 9. Abrus precatorius L. (Fabaceae) is a plant that spans tropical and subtropical parts of the world. Lowly elevated, dry regions are conducive to its growth. Known for its medicinal value, its leaves, roots and seeds are often exploited for anti-helminthic, anti-diarrheal, neuroprotective, anti-depression, anti-fertility, anti-cataract, antiarthritic, anti-allergic and anti-emetic purposes. Abrus derived lectins have been widely used in treating various cancers 10. Evidence advocates that the seeds of this medicinal herb are effective in treating diabetes and chronic nephritis. Moreover, A. precatorius leaves possess a sweetness quotient equivalent to sucrose and are therefore used to sweeten foods in West tropical Africa 11. The main aim of the study was to prepare A. precatorius seed extracts using Soxhlet and Maceration methods to identify various phytochemical compounds and evaluate their abilities to function as antioxidants and as antiproliferative agents in human cervix carcinoma cells.

Research Square (Research Square), Feb 10, 2023

The Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Aug 5, 2022

Physical Attributes A. precatorius, often referred to as the crab's eye or rosary pea, is a peren... more Physical Attributes A. precatorius, often referred to as the crab's eye or rosary pea, is a perennially climbing, slender, woody plant native to India. It grows by looping around trees, bushes, and fences. This plant is currently generally found in numerous tropical Cancer remains as the subsequent cause of death in the contemporary society trailing after heart disease. Abrus precatorius, a vine of the Fabaceae family, has proven to be immensely beneficial in cancer management. Its seeds, leaves androots are rich source of phytochemicals such as terpenoids, alkaloids, lectin proteins, flavonoids, tannins and phenolic compounds. These metabolites possess a plethora of properties such as anti-cancer, anti-angiogenic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory etc. This review takes a comprehensive and critical look at the evidence on Abrus-derived metabolites in cancer therapy. It reviews the results of preclinical (in-vitro and in-vivo) investigations on the therapeutic potential of A. precatorius metabolites targeting a wide range of malignancies including those of the gastrointestinal tract, breast, gynaecological related, urogenital cancer etc. The review also explores the existing limitations and concerns in this field, as well as the post-analysis recommendation to guide future research.

Indian Journal of Public Health Research and Development, 2018

The study was carried out in selected villages of Jodhpur district of Rajasthan. Study area was d... more The study was carried out in selected villages of Jodhpur district of Rajasthan. Study area was divided into four categories with different fluoride level in drinking water. Total 100 children aged 8–14 years were screened for dental fluorosis and biochemical analysis. 25 children were selected from each category. The dental fluorosis case was determined following dean's classification. Fluoride level in blood (serum) sample was estimated with the help of F ion specific electrode (Thermo Scientific Orion Star A329, USA), by Hall et al. method. The serum samples of children were investigated to assess liver function using Auto analyzer. The current study reveals that Fluoride content in blood serum significantly associate with serum SGOT, SGPT and ALP level. Serum level of Fluoride and ALP significantly higher in children living in high Fluoride content drinking water.

Scientific Reports

Biogenic silver nanoconjugates (AgNCs), derived from medicinal plants, have been widely explored ... more Biogenic silver nanoconjugates (AgNCs), derived from medicinal plants, have been widely explored in the field of biomedicines. AgNCs for the first-time were synthesized using ethyl acetate seed extracts of Abrus precatorius and their antiproliferative and antiangiogenic efficacies were evaluated against cervical and oral carcinoma. Ultraviolet–Visible spectrophotometry, dynamic light Scattering (DLS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used for characterization of AgNCs. Antiproliferative activity was investigated using MTT, DNA fragmentation and in-vitro antioxidant enzyme activity assays. In-vivo chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model was used to evaluate antiangiogenic activity. A total of 11 compounds were identified in both the extracts in GCMS analysis. The synthesized AgNCs were spherical shaped with an average size of 97.4 nm for AgAPE (Sox) and 64.3 nm for AgAPE (Mac). AgNCs possessed effective inhibition against Hep2C and KB cells. In Hep2C cells, AgAPE (Mac) ...

Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 2017

International Journal of Biology, Pharmacy and Allied Sciences, 2020

Progesterone and Estrogen are being used to synthesize Combined oral contraceptives (COCs) and se... more Progesterone and Estrogen are being used to synthesize Combined oral contraceptives (COCs) and serve as most convenient, safe, effective method of contraception. Due to their side effects in most women, herbal medicines have been proposed as alternatives to these contraceptive methods. The present study was aimed to evaluate the antifertility effects of Genistein (isolated from Glycine max), via in-silico and in vivo experimentation on female Rattusnorvergicus (Wistar albino rats). Genistein was docked with Estrogen Receptor of rats (ER α and ER β). For, antagonist actions we compared ERA-4-[(2-{4-[(1E)-1-(1H-indazol-5yl)-2-phenylbut-1-en-1-yl]phenoxy}ethyl)amino]-N,N-dimethylbutanamide complex with ERA-genistein complex and ERB-(R,R)-5,11-cis-diethyl-5,6,11,12-tetrahydro-chrysene-2,8diol complex (PDB ID: 1l2J) with ERB-genistein complex. To further investigate the in vivo anti-fertility effects of Genistein and its correlation with serumestrogen, adult Rattus norvergicus (Wistar albino rats) was administered with 10, 20 and30mg Genistein/kg body weight dissolved in DMSO: PBS (1:4) vehicle for 15 days. Estrogen hormone level in the serum was estimated through ELISA. In-silico observation has shown that Genistein may act as antagonist for Estrogen Receptors. Serum estrogen level was found to be reduced, which can lead to disrupt ovulation. This shows that the Genistein might be working as antiovulatory agent by acting as a phytoestrogen.

Clean Energy Production Technologies, 2022

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2015

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to identify the Non-Fermenting Gram Negative Bact... more Objective: The purpose of the present study was to identify the Non-Fermenting Gram Negative Bacteria from the tertiary care hospital. Methods: The conventional method was used i.e. Antibiotic susceptibility test which was performed by Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method and analysis of microbes was done by Vitek-2. Results: 172 samples were identified as Non-Fermenting Gram-Negative Bacilli from 1526 respiratory samples. Acinetobacter baumanii was the predominant isolate accounting 103 (59.88%) specimens followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 33.13%. Other isolates were Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 5.23% and Burkholderi acepacia 1.74%. From the 172 samples, Endotracheal Aspirate was found to be the most infected amongst all the other samples. Acinetobacter baumanii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the most common NFGNB isolated in our study from patients of Respiratory Tract Infections. Conclusion: Both Acinetobacter baumanii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed good sensitivity to colistin,...