Dr Manish Kumar | Amity University, Noida (original) (raw)
Papers by Dr Manish Kumar
Scientific Reports
Maize is one of the important cereal crops grown in rainfed regions of northwestern Himalayas, ho... more Maize is one of the important cereal crops grown in rainfed regions of northwestern Himalayas,
however, persistent use of chemical fertilizers coupled with poor soil nutrients and water holding
capacity due to coarse textured soils poses serious threat to sustaining maize yield and soil health. To
address these bottlenecks, a long-term experiment with application of organic manures and mineral
fertilizer provides insights to quantify changes in soil organic carbon (SOC), crop yield and rain water
use efficiency (RWUE) in rainfed area having low water use efficiency. A twelve years field experiment
was conducted under dry sub-humid Inceptisols in northern India to study the potential impacts of
organic and mineral fertilization on maize (Zea mays L.) productivity, water use efficiency and soil
quality. Ten treatments were assessed, involving different nitrogen levels (20, 30, and 40 kg N ha⁻¹)
combined with 10 tha⁻¹ year⁻¹ of farmyard manure (FYM), in-situ green manure from sunhemp, and
the incorporation of Leucaena leucocephala leaves at 5 tha⁻¹ year⁻¹, including an unfertilized control.
Maize yield increased linearly with increasing nitrogen application rates. The combination of FYM @
10t ha−1 and 40 kg N ha−1(T4) yielded the highest maize production. Manure addition improved soil
organic carbon (SOC) and major soil nutrients (N, P and K) while unfertilized control showed decline
in soil nutrients compared to their initial values. Compared with control, incorporation of 10 t ha−1
FYM increased SOC by 1.3, 1.41, 1.44 times at application rate of 20, 30, 40 kg N ha−1, respectively.
Application of N@40 kg ha−1 + 10t FYM ha−1 showed highest rain water use efficiency (RWUE) and
relative production efficiency index (RPEI) (2.74 kg ha−1 mm−1 and 82, respectively) and the lowest
rank sum of 6. Highly significant positive relationship existed between RPEI and RWUE, RPEI and
sustainability yield index (SYI), RWUE and SYI indicated the superiority of FYM in combination with
mineral fertilizer. Regression models, correlating yield with monthly rainfall and crop growing periods,
indicated that the integration of FYM (10 tha⁻¹) with 40 kg N ha⁻¹ was most effective in achieving
the highest relative soil quality index (RSQI) of 76 and the greatest sustainability yield index (SYI) of
49.3%. Based on results, we recommend balanced fertilization (N@40 kg ha−1 +10t FYM ha−1) which
is easily manageable by farmers as the optimal strategy for improving soil quality and achieving
sustainable maize productivity in nutrient depleted Inceptisols of northern India.
Environmental Technology & Innovation, 2024
This review article intends to report the advances in the production and application of biochar f... more This review article intends to report the advances in the production and application of biochar
from macroalgae and microalgae and its utilization in anaerobic digestion (AD), aiming to achieve
zero waste and promote a circular economy. Biochar, a carbon-rich material derived through
pyrolysis or gasification, offers environmental and agricultural benefits due to its stability and
porosity. By incorporating biochar into AD systems, improved process efficiency, enhanced microbial
activity, and nutrient retention can be achieved. An integrated approach on its production
and application can minimize biomass disposal impacts, generate renewable energy, and improve
the soil and nutrient management. The use of macroalgae and microalgae for biochar production
aligns with the sustainability principles, as these resources have high growth rates and there is no
direct competition with the arable land. Thus, the focus of this article is to highlight the advances
in algal biochar production with emphasis to the factors influencing biochar properties, structure,
characterization, mechanism of biochar action, and the impact of biochar addition on AD. It also
evaluates the economic and environmental benefits, featuring the role of this approach in
achieving a zero-waste paradigm and supporting circular economy development.
Environmental Research , 2024
Zeolites possess a microporous crystalline structure, a large surface area, and a uniform pore si... more Zeolites possess a microporous crystalline structure, a large surface area, and a uniform pore size. Natural or synthetic zeolites are commonly utilized for adsorbing organic and inorganic compounds from wastewater because of their unique physicochemical properties and cost-effectiveness. The present review work comprehensively revealed the application of zeolites in removing a diverse range of wastewater contaminates, such as dyes, heavy metal ions, and phenolic compounds, within the framework of contemporary research. The present review work offers a summary of the existing literature about the chemical composition of zeolites and their synthesis by different methods. Subsequently, the article provides a wide range of factors to examine the adsorption mechanisms of both inorganic and organic pollutants using natural zeolites and modified zeolites. This review explores the different mechanisms through which zeolites effectively eliminate pollutants from aquatic matrices. Additionally, this review explores that the Langmuir and pseudo-second-order models are the predominant models used in investigating isothermal and kinetic adsorption and also evaluates the research gap on zeolite through scientometric analysis. The prospective efficacy of zeolite materials in future wastewater treatment may be assessed by a comparative analysis of their capacity to adsorb toxic inorganic and organic contaminates from wastewater, with other adsorbents.
Food Control, 2024
Citrus fruits are subjected to various postharvest practices to safeguard them from pathogenic mi... more Citrus fruits are subjected to various postharvest practices to safeguard them from pathogenic microorganisms
and preserve their nutritional value as well as flavor. The currently used postharvest practices include different
physical, chemical, and biological processes. The most common physical methods encompass diverse methods
like treatments with hot water, thermal curing, light exposure, etc, whereas chemical methods include, hot
chemical drenches, application of fungicide, antimicrobial peptides, salicylic acid, nitric oxide, sulfur dioxide,
ozone, and other gaseous compounds, in addition to 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatments. The biological
methods include the application of different biocontrol agents to effectively reduce the pathogenic
microorganisms.
Although all these treatments effectively reduce pathogenic microorganisms, particularly Penicillium species,
the information regarding their influence on the carposphere microflora of citrus fruits, including biocontrol
agents and beneficial microorganisms remains inadequately explored. Noteworthy, the carpophore of citrus
fruits harbors a variety of microbial communities having crucial role in preserving fruit’s natural environment
and defending host from postharvest pathogen attack. Therefore, the present review has discussed different
physical and chemical treatment practices employed during postharvest storage condition and their influence on
the native microflora of citrus carposphere.
Groundwater for Sustainable Development, 2024
To achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs), drinking water and/or wastewater treatment must ... more To achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs), drinking water and/or wastewater treatment must be performed at a minimum cost along with negligible environmental impacts. Traditional approaches, like coagulation, precipitation, ion exchange, and membrane filtration have numerous drawbacks in terms of cost and effectiveness. Recently, the thermochemical conversion of biomasses/lignocellulosic wastes for biochar production and subsequently their application in the remediation of contaminated matrices is gaining attention. Further, the application of machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) to optimize the production and application of biochar is a topical topic. Therefore, this review critically explains the optimised production process of biochar and its application in the removal of a diverse range of organic and inorganic contaminants from contaminated water and wastewater. Moreover, the review highlights the progress in organic and inorganic pollutants remediation with biochar, focusing on the significance and benefits of utilizing ML and AI to optimize adsorption variables and biochar feedstock properties. The surface area, porosity, and functional groups of the biochar, the type and quantity of the pollutants and the solution’s pH, temperature, and ionic strength, all influence the adsorption capacity of the biochar. Furthermore, the duration of the biochar’s interaction with the contaminants and the existence of competing ions are significant factors. Utilizing AI and ML proves to be efficient in terms of cost and time, enabling a multidisciplinary approach to eliminate pollutants using biochar. Finally, this review discusses the challenges associated with the application of ML and AI in the treatment of contaminated water and wastewater using biochar and proposed future prospects to make these technologies economically viable and sustainable.
Chemosphere, 2024
Conventional pest control measures, such as chemical pesticides and nematicides, have limited eff... more Conventional pest control measures, such as chemical pesticides and nematicides, have limited efficacy and raise
environmental concerns, necessitating sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives for pest management. Therefore,
to find a complementary eco-friendly pesticide/nematicide, this study investigated the role of fly ash (FA) in
managing a notorious pest, Meloidogyne javanica and its impact on the growth and physiology of Abelmoschus
esculentus. Molecular characterization using SSU and LSU rDNA gene markers confirmed the identity of Indian
M. javanica as belonging to the same species. Biotic stress induced by nematode infection was significantly alleviated (P < 0.05) by FA application at a 20% w/v, regulating of ROS accumulation (44.1% reduction in
superoxide anions and 39.7% reduction in hydrogen peroxide content) in the host plant. Moreover, FA enhanced
antioxidant defence enzymes like superoxide dismutase (46.6%) and catalase (112%) to combat nematode
induced ROS. Furthermore, the application of FA at a 20% concentration significantly improved the biomass and
biochemical attributes of okra. Fly ash also upregulated the activity of the important osmo-protectant proline
(11.5 μmol/g FW) to mitigate nematode stress in host cells. Suppression of disease indices like gall index and
reproduction factor, combined with in-vitro experiments, revealed that FA exhibits strong nematode mortality
capacity and thus can be used as a sustainable and eco-friendly control agent against root-knot nematodes.
Science of the Total Environment, 2024
The effectiveness of almond shell-derived biochar (ASB) in immobilizing soil heavy metals (HMs) a... more The effectiveness of almond shell-derived biochar (ASB) in immobilizing soil heavy metals (HMs) and its impact
on soil microbial activity and diversity have not been sufficiently studied. Hence, a pot study was carried out to
investigate the effectiveness of ASB addition at 2, 4, and 6 % (w/w) on soil biochemical characteristics and the
bioavailability of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn to tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants, as compared to the control
(contaminated soil without ASB addition). The addition of ASB promoted plant growth (up to two-fold) and
restored the damage to the ultrastructure of chloroplast organelles. In addition, ASB mitigated the adverse effects
of HMs toxicity by decreasing oxidative damage, regulating the antioxidant system, improving soil physicochemical
properties, and enhancing enzymatic activities. At the phylum level, ASB addition enhanced the
relative abundance of Actinobacteriota, Acidobacteriota, and Firmicutes while decreasing the relative abundance of
Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota. Furthermore, ASB application increased the relative abundance of several fungal
taxa (Ascomycota and Mortierellomycota) while reducing the relative abundance of Basidiomycota in the soil. The
ASB-induced improvement in soil properties, microbial community, and diversity led to a significant decrease in
the DTPA-extractable HMs down to 41.0 %, 51.0 %, 52.0 %, and 35.0 % for Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn, respectively, as
compared to the control. The highest doses of ASB (ASB6) significantly reduced the metals content by 26.0 % for
Cd, 78.0 % for Cu, 38.0 % for Pb, and 20.0 % for Zn in the roots, and 72.0 % for Cd, 67.0 % for Cu, 46.0 % for Pb,
and 35.0 % for Zn in the shoots, as compared to the control. The structural equation model predicts that soil pH
and organic matter are driving factors in reducing the availability and uptake of HMs. ASB could be used as a
sustainable trial for remediation of HMs polluted soils and reducing metal content in edible plants.
Chemosphere , 2024
For environmental sustainability and to achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs), drinking wa... more For environmental sustainability and to achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs), drinking water treatment
must be done at a reasonable cost with minimal environmental impact. Therefore, treating contaminated
drinking water requires materials and approaches that are inexpensive, produced locally, and effortlessly. Hence,
locally available materials and their derivatives, such as biochar (BC) and activated carbon (AC) were investigated
thoroughly. Several researchers and their findings show that the application of locally accessible materials and their derivatives are capable of the adsorptive removal of organic and inorganic contaminants from drinking
water. The application of locally available materials such as lignocellulosic materials/waste and its thermochemically
derived products, including BC and AC were found effective in the treatment of contaminated
drinking water. Thus, this review aims to thoroughly examine the latest developments in the use of locally
accessible feedstocks for tailoring BC and AC, as well as their features and applications in the treatment of
drinking water. We attempted to explain facts related to the potential mechanisms of BC and AC, such as
complexation, co-precipitation, electrostatic interaction, and ion exchange to treat water, thereby achieving a
risk-free remediation approach to polluted water. Additionally, this research offers guidance on creating efficient
household treatment units based on the health risks associated with customized adsorbents and cost-benefit
analyses. Lastly, this review work discusses the current obstacles for using locally accessible materials and
their thermo-chemically.
Science of the Total Environment, 2024
Plastic and mixed plastic waste (PW) has received increased worldwide attention owing to its huge... more Plastic and mixed plastic waste (PW) has received increased worldwide attention owing to its huge rate of
production, high persistency in the environment, and unsustainable waste management practices. Therefore,
sustainable PW management and upcycling approaches are imperative to achieve the objectives of the United
Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Numerous recent studies have shown the application and feasibility of
various PW conversion techniques to produce materials with better economic value. Within this framework, the
current review provides an in-depth analysis of cutting-edge thermochemical technologies such as pyrolysis,
gasification, carbonization, and photocatalysis that can be used to value plastic and mixed PW in order to
produce energy and industrial chemicals. Additionally, a thorough examination of the environmental impacts of
contemporary PW upcycling techniques and their commercial feasibility through life cycle assessment (LCA) and
techno-economical assessment are provided in this review. Finally, this review emphasizes the opportunities and
challenges accompanying with existing PW upcycling techniques and deliver recommendations for future
research works.
Science of The Total Environment, 2023
Biochar can be used for multifunctional applications including the improvement of soil health and... more Biochar can be used for multifunctional applications including the improvement of soil health and carbon
storage, remediation of contaminated soil and water resources, mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions and
odorous compounds, and feed supplementation to improve animal health. A healthy soil preserves microbial
biodiversity that is effective in supressing plant pathogens and pests, recycling nutrients for plant growth,
promoting positive symbiotic associations with plant roots, improving soil structure to supply water and nutrients,
and ultimately enhancing soil productivity and plant growth. As a soil amendment, biochar assures soil
biological health through different processes. First, biochar supports habitats for microorganisms due to its
porous nature and by promoting the formation of stable soil micro-aggregates. Biochar also serves as a carbon
and nutrient source. Biochar alters soil physical and chemical properties, creating optimum soil conditions for
microbial diversity. Biochar can also immobilize soil pollutants and reduce their bioavailability that would
otherwise inhibit microbial growth. However, depending on the pyrolysis settings and feedstock resources,
biochar can be comprised of contaminants including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and potentially toxic
elements that can inhibit microbial activity, thereby impacting soil health.
Environmental Pollution, 2023
Additives may be present in amounts higher than 50% within plastic objects. Additives in plastics... more Additives may be present in amounts higher than 50% within plastic objects. Additives in plastics can be gradually released from microplastics (MPs) into the aquatic environment during their aging and fragmentation because most of them do not chemically react with the polymers. Some are known to be hazardous substances, which can cause toxicity effects on organisms and pose ecological risks. In this paper, the application of functional additives in MPs and their leaching in the environment are first summarized followed by their release mechanisms including photooxidation, chemical oxidation, biochemical degradation, and physical abrasion. Important factors affecting the additive release from MPs are also reviewed. Generally, smaller particle size, light irradiation, high temperature, dissolved organic matter (DOM) existence and alkaline conditions can promote the release of chemicals from MPs. In addition, the release of additives is also influenced by the polymer's structure, electrolyte types, as well as salinity. These additives may transfer into the organisms after ingestion and disrupt various biological processes, leading to developmental malformations and toxicity in offspring. Nonetheless, challenges on the toxicity of chemicals in MPs remain hindering the risk assessment on human health from MPs in the environment. Future research is suggested to strengthen research on the leaching experiment in the actual environment, develop more techniques and analysis methods to identify leaching products, and evaluate the toxicity effects of additives from MPs based on more model organisms. The work gives a comprehensive overview of current process for MP additive release in natural waters, summarizes their toxicity effects on organisms, and provides recommendations for future research.
Environment, Development and Sustainability, 2023
Degradation of land implies either a provisional or permanent deterioration in its productive pot... more Degradation of land implies either a provisional or permanent deterioration in its productive potential, which has an adverse impact on agriculture, biodiversity, and the environment. Land degradation is common in many nations across the globe and has severe adverse environmental consequences. It has a negative impact on livelihood as it diminishes agricultural land productivity, endangers food security, and raises disease risk. Previous studies have confirmed that various bamboo species have efficient in land restoration programmes due to its growth potential and wide acceptability in socioeconomic benefits. Therefore, present governments are interested in funding bamboo-related land restoration programmes across the globe. In this context, we have made an attempt to review the current state of the art of landscape restoration programmes and the role of bamboo plantations with possible influence on economic, social, and political factors in the Indian scenario. This review highlights various restoration programmes of bamboo with detailed explanations, such as heavily contaminated areas, village drylands, fly ash dumps, mine contaminated soils, deforestation programmes, etc. The present study has discussed various success stories of bamboo plantation programmes and the challenges in its implication. It is estimated that about 30% of India's land area is degraded, and erosion is the primary cause. To control this, bamboo is one of the suitable plants as it has a wide variety of species available as per the local climate of India. Over 30 years, bamboo has played the role of a sustainable crop for land restoration and received massive attention from stakeholders. Furthermore, the study has pointed out site-specific bamboo species and its gene bank information, which could be very helpful in restoration programmes of degraded land in near future.
Science of the Total Environment, 2023
Anaerobic digestion (AD) of agricultural wastes is a promising approach for energy recovery and c... more Anaerobic digestion (AD) of agricultural wastes is a promising approach for energy recovery and crop residue
management. However, its recalcitrant chemical structure hinders microbial hydrolysis and reduces biomethane
production under AD. Biochar supplementation has been proven to promote the digestibility and biomethanation
of lignocellulosic substrates. Therefore, this study investigated the influence of different pyrolysis temperatures
(450 ◦C, 550 ◦C, and 650 ◦C) on the physicochemical properties of biochar. Furthermore, the impact of ruminal
content biochar supplementation (1 %, 2 %, and 3 %) on the AD of rice straw with rumen fluid as inoculum has
been investigated. The ruminal content biochar (RUCB) supplemented reactors showed an increment in biomethane
yield and the highest cumulative biomethane yield 243.11 mL/g volatile solids (VS)) was recorded at 2
% RUCB supplementation, followed by 227.12 mL/g VS at 1 % RUCB supplementation and 162.86 mL/g VS at 3
% RUCB supplementation (P > 0.05). Compared to the control reactors (128.68 mL/g VS), RUCB supplemented
reactors exhibited 1.88-fold, 1.76-fold, and 1.26-fold increments in biomethane yield due to pH stabilization and
facilitation of microbial biofilm formation on the biochar. The correlation analysis showed that biomethane
production is positively correlated with VS reduction (R2 = 0.9852). This study proposed a potential strategy to
utilize ruminal content waste as a feedstock for biochar production and its application in AD for accelerating the
biomethanation of rice straw.
International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2023
Ecological restoration of fly ash-degraded soils is a major concern for developing countries like... more Ecological restoration of fly ash-degraded soils is a major concern for developing countries like India. So far, various physicochemical techniques have been employed to restore these polluted lands, but the limitations of cost, inefficiency, and secondary pollutant generation have forced ecologists to look for alternative approaches. Phytoremediation has been widely employed to replace these techniques, and to produce an economic asset along with the restoration of fly ash-degraded land, through bamboo species which serve as a parallel factor increasing the overall efficiency of bio methods, becomes very interesting. Four bamboo species, Bambusa balcooa, B. vulgaris 'wamin', B. bambos, and B. vulgaris, were planted at abandoned fly ash dumpsite. After two years of plantation, there was a significant improvement in all the physicochemical characteristics of the fly ash dumpsite. Phytoremediation indices in terms of bioconcentration factor (BCF) (1.26 and 1.72) and translocation factor (TF) (1.98 and 1.25) presented that B. bambos is the ideal species for the phytoextraction of Cr and Zn, while B. balcooa is an ideal species for the phytostabilization of lead (Pb), arsenic (As), and zinc (Zn), B. vulgaris 'wamin' for the phytostabilization of copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), Zn, and As and B. vulgaris for phytostabilization of Cu, chromium (Cr), and Ni, respectively. There was a significant improvement in biomass production in all the bamboo species being highest in B. balcooa (1087 kg ha −1) after two years of establishment on the fly ash dumpsite. Further, B. balcooa was found as the ideal bamboo species for sequestration of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2) (8217 tonnes C ha −1 year −1). This work further suggests that B. balcooa is an excellent species for eco-restoration with a reliable air pollution tolerance index (APTI) (16.65). Principal component analysis demonstrated that B. bambos is the most potent bamboo species for phytoremediation of fly ash dumpsites owing to its high biomass capacity, positively correlated with hyperaccumulation of heavy metals. However, the fate of heavy metals after litter decomposition needs to be examined in detail to make this study a widespread approach. Editorial responsibility: Agnieszka Galuszka.
Environmental Pollution, 2020
Microplastics (MPs) as emerging persistent pollutants have been a growing global concern. Althoug... more Microplastics (MPs) as emerging persistent pollutants have been a growing global concern. Although MPs are extensively studied in aquatic systems, their presence and fate in agricultural systems are not fully understood. In the agricultural soils, major causes of MPs pollution include application of biosolids and compost, wastewater irrigation, mulching film, polymer-based fertilizers and pesticides, and atmospheric deposition. The fate and dispersion of MPs in the soil environment are mainly associated with the soil characteristics, cultivation practices, and diversity of soil biota. Although there is emerging pollution of MPs in the soil environment, no standardized detection and quantification techniques are available. This study comprehensively reviews the sources, fate, and dispersion of MPs in the soil environment, discusses the interactions and effects of MPs on soil biota, and highlights the recent advancements in detection and quantification methods of MPs. The prospects for future research include biomagnification potency, cytotoxic effects on human/animals, nonlinear behavior in the soil environment , standardized analytical methods, best management practices, and global policies in the agricultural industry for the sake of sustainable development.
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2020
Excessive utilization of synthetic plastics has led to a major detrimental impact on the environm... more Excessive utilization of synthetic plastics has led to a major detrimental impact on the environment.
Plastic pollution and accumulation in water bodies have threatened the survival of marine life. Plastic
pollution can be prevented by using biopolymers that are eco-friendly and can be naturally produced by
certain living organisms. The biopolymers have environmental advantages over synthetic plastics, such
as biodegradability and biocompatibility. In comparison to plants and other microbial systems, bacteria
can accumulate a high amount of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). However, the major stumbling block in
the production of bacterial PHAs is its low cost-effectiveness due to costs associated with fermentaion
and down-stream processing. In consideration with the above properties, opportunities and challeges
associated with bacterial PHAs, this review focuses on structural diversity of PHAs, biosynthesis mechanism
in bacteria, biodegradation, life cycle analysis, and environmental impact of bioplastic production.
It further enumerates the advanced tools and techniques for bacterial PHA production, along with
various factors affecting the commercialization of bioplastics. Extraction methods, down-stream processing,
and biomedical applications of PHAs are also discussed. The opportunities and challenges in the
commercialization of bacterial PHAs along with future scenario and environmental sustainability are
presented for the purpose of fostering sustainable development.
Advanced Sustainable Systems , 2020
Biochar (BC) is a material synthesized from biomass by thermochemical conversion. Physicochemical... more Biochar (BC) is a material synthesized from biomass by thermochemical
conversion. Physicochemical and functional properties of BCs can be
enhanced by several methods of activation or functionalization. The activated
and functionalized BCs with a large surface area and abundant surface
functional groups can serve as effective catalysts or catalyst supports
for various chemical transformations as well as for adsorption/sorption/
enrichment of low-concentration pollutant streams. Among them, remediation
of environmental contaminants and production of a range of bioproducts in
biorefineries have attracted much attention in the context of achieving green
and sustainable development. Although the applications of BC as adsorbents
in removal of pollutants have been discussed extensively, there is a lot of
untapped potential with new applications of BCs as catalysts or catalyst supports
for advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) and sustainable biorefineries. In this
review, the production and activation/functionalization of BCs are scrutinized.
The mechanisms of activated and functionalized BC and BC-supported catalysts
in degradation of organic contaminants via AOPs assisted with hydrogen
peroxide (H2O2), peroxydisulfate (PDS), and peroxymonosulfate (PMS) are
reviewed. Emerging applications of BC as catalyst for production of biodiesel and
high-value chemicals, tar removal, bio-syngas reforming, and energy storage and
conversion devices are discussed in detail.
Science of the Total Environment, 2020
The current review explores the potential application of algal biomass for the production of biof... more The current review explores the potential application of algal biomass for the production of biofuels and biobased
products. The variety of processes and pathways through which bio-valorization of algal biomass can be
performed are described in this review. Various lipid extraction techniques from algal biomass along with
transesterification reactions for biodiesel production are briefly discussed. Processes such as the pretreatment
and saccharification of algal biomass, fermentation, gasification, pyrolysis, hydrothermal liquefaction, and anaerobic
digestion for the production of biohydrogen, bio-oils, biomethane, biochar (BC), and various bio-based products
are reviewed in detail. The biorefinery model and its collaborative approach with various processes are
highlighted for the production of eco-friendly, sustainable, and cost-effective biofuels and value-added products.
The authors also discuss opportunities and challenges related to bio-valorization of algal biomass and use their
own perspective regarding the processes involved in production and the feasibility to make algal research a reality
for the production of biofuels and bio-based products in a sustainable manner.
Environmental Technology & Innovation, 2020
To mitigate the rising level of CO 2 , biological method of CO 2 sequestration is one of the effe... more To mitigate the rising level of CO 2 , biological method of CO 2 sequestration is one of the effective methods. Chemolithotrophic microbes are able to fix atmospheric CO 2 and precipitated polymorphic minerals like calcite, vaterite and aragonite. Based on this, bioactive glass was synthesized by sol-gel process using polymorphic calcium carbon-ate mineral precipitated by chemolithotrophic Serratia sp. ISTD04. Characterization of bioactive material and its bioactivity was evaluated by SEM, EDX, FT-IR, XRD, ICP-MS. SEM analysis revealed biomaterial showing more bioactivity due to deposition of smaller particle like appearance throughout the surface. FT-IR analysis of sintered and immersed bioactive material indicated presence of O-Ca-O, O-Si-O and Si-O-Si functional group. The XRD analysis indicated important features similar to melt-derived Na 2 O-containing glass ceramics like formation of crystalline phase Na 2 Ca 2 Si 3 O 9. Further in-vitro study was performed in simulated body fluid (SBF) and on osteosarcoma cell line, confirmed that material and their supernatant did not reflect any cytotoxicity.
Science of the Total Environment, 2020
The application of pesticides reduces the loss of crops while simultaneously increasing crop prod... more The application of pesticides reduces the loss of crops while simultaneously increasing crop productivity. However,
the frequent use of pesticides can cause serious environmental problems due to their high accumulative
and persistent nature. Recently, microalgae technology has received considerable success in the efficient treatment
of pesticides pollution. In this review, the metabolic mechanisms responsible for the removal of pesticides
are summarized based on previous studies. Different methods used to enhance the ability of microalgae to remove
pesticides are critically evaluated. The recycling ofmicroalgae biomass afterwastewater treatment for biochar
preparation and biodiesel production using the biorefinery approach is also introduced. Furthermore, we
present potential future research directions to highlight the prospects of microalgae research in the removal of
pesticides along with the production of value-added products.
Scientific Reports
Maize is one of the important cereal crops grown in rainfed regions of northwestern Himalayas, ho... more Maize is one of the important cereal crops grown in rainfed regions of northwestern Himalayas,
however, persistent use of chemical fertilizers coupled with poor soil nutrients and water holding
capacity due to coarse textured soils poses serious threat to sustaining maize yield and soil health. To
address these bottlenecks, a long-term experiment with application of organic manures and mineral
fertilizer provides insights to quantify changes in soil organic carbon (SOC), crop yield and rain water
use efficiency (RWUE) in rainfed area having low water use efficiency. A twelve years field experiment
was conducted under dry sub-humid Inceptisols in northern India to study the potential impacts of
organic and mineral fertilization on maize (Zea mays L.) productivity, water use efficiency and soil
quality. Ten treatments were assessed, involving different nitrogen levels (20, 30, and 40 kg N ha⁻¹)
combined with 10 tha⁻¹ year⁻¹ of farmyard manure (FYM), in-situ green manure from sunhemp, and
the incorporation of Leucaena leucocephala leaves at 5 tha⁻¹ year⁻¹, including an unfertilized control.
Maize yield increased linearly with increasing nitrogen application rates. The combination of FYM @
10t ha−1 and 40 kg N ha−1(T4) yielded the highest maize production. Manure addition improved soil
organic carbon (SOC) and major soil nutrients (N, P and K) while unfertilized control showed decline
in soil nutrients compared to their initial values. Compared with control, incorporation of 10 t ha−1
FYM increased SOC by 1.3, 1.41, 1.44 times at application rate of 20, 30, 40 kg N ha−1, respectively.
Application of N@40 kg ha−1 + 10t FYM ha−1 showed highest rain water use efficiency (RWUE) and
relative production efficiency index (RPEI) (2.74 kg ha−1 mm−1 and 82, respectively) and the lowest
rank sum of 6. Highly significant positive relationship existed between RPEI and RWUE, RPEI and
sustainability yield index (SYI), RWUE and SYI indicated the superiority of FYM in combination with
mineral fertilizer. Regression models, correlating yield with monthly rainfall and crop growing periods,
indicated that the integration of FYM (10 tha⁻¹) with 40 kg N ha⁻¹ was most effective in achieving
the highest relative soil quality index (RSQI) of 76 and the greatest sustainability yield index (SYI) of
49.3%. Based on results, we recommend balanced fertilization (N@40 kg ha−1 +10t FYM ha−1) which
is easily manageable by farmers as the optimal strategy for improving soil quality and achieving
sustainable maize productivity in nutrient depleted Inceptisols of northern India.
Environmental Technology & Innovation, 2024
This review article intends to report the advances in the production and application of biochar f... more This review article intends to report the advances in the production and application of biochar
from macroalgae and microalgae and its utilization in anaerobic digestion (AD), aiming to achieve
zero waste and promote a circular economy. Biochar, a carbon-rich material derived through
pyrolysis or gasification, offers environmental and agricultural benefits due to its stability and
porosity. By incorporating biochar into AD systems, improved process efficiency, enhanced microbial
activity, and nutrient retention can be achieved. An integrated approach on its production
and application can minimize biomass disposal impacts, generate renewable energy, and improve
the soil and nutrient management. The use of macroalgae and microalgae for biochar production
aligns with the sustainability principles, as these resources have high growth rates and there is no
direct competition with the arable land. Thus, the focus of this article is to highlight the advances
in algal biochar production with emphasis to the factors influencing biochar properties, structure,
characterization, mechanism of biochar action, and the impact of biochar addition on AD. It also
evaluates the economic and environmental benefits, featuring the role of this approach in
achieving a zero-waste paradigm and supporting circular economy development.
Environmental Research , 2024
Zeolites possess a microporous crystalline structure, a large surface area, and a uniform pore si... more Zeolites possess a microporous crystalline structure, a large surface area, and a uniform pore size. Natural or synthetic zeolites are commonly utilized for adsorbing organic and inorganic compounds from wastewater because of their unique physicochemical properties and cost-effectiveness. The present review work comprehensively revealed the application of zeolites in removing a diverse range of wastewater contaminates, such as dyes, heavy metal ions, and phenolic compounds, within the framework of contemporary research. The present review work offers a summary of the existing literature about the chemical composition of zeolites and their synthesis by different methods. Subsequently, the article provides a wide range of factors to examine the adsorption mechanisms of both inorganic and organic pollutants using natural zeolites and modified zeolites. This review explores the different mechanisms through which zeolites effectively eliminate pollutants from aquatic matrices. Additionally, this review explores that the Langmuir and pseudo-second-order models are the predominant models used in investigating isothermal and kinetic adsorption and also evaluates the research gap on zeolite through scientometric analysis. The prospective efficacy of zeolite materials in future wastewater treatment may be assessed by a comparative analysis of their capacity to adsorb toxic inorganic and organic contaminates from wastewater, with other adsorbents.
Food Control, 2024
Citrus fruits are subjected to various postharvest practices to safeguard them from pathogenic mi... more Citrus fruits are subjected to various postharvest practices to safeguard them from pathogenic microorganisms
and preserve their nutritional value as well as flavor. The currently used postharvest practices include different
physical, chemical, and biological processes. The most common physical methods encompass diverse methods
like treatments with hot water, thermal curing, light exposure, etc, whereas chemical methods include, hot
chemical drenches, application of fungicide, antimicrobial peptides, salicylic acid, nitric oxide, sulfur dioxide,
ozone, and other gaseous compounds, in addition to 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatments. The biological
methods include the application of different biocontrol agents to effectively reduce the pathogenic
microorganisms.
Although all these treatments effectively reduce pathogenic microorganisms, particularly Penicillium species,
the information regarding their influence on the carposphere microflora of citrus fruits, including biocontrol
agents and beneficial microorganisms remains inadequately explored. Noteworthy, the carpophore of citrus
fruits harbors a variety of microbial communities having crucial role in preserving fruit’s natural environment
and defending host from postharvest pathogen attack. Therefore, the present review has discussed different
physical and chemical treatment practices employed during postharvest storage condition and their influence on
the native microflora of citrus carposphere.
Groundwater for Sustainable Development, 2024
To achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs), drinking water and/or wastewater treatment must ... more To achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs), drinking water and/or wastewater treatment must be performed at a minimum cost along with negligible environmental impacts. Traditional approaches, like coagulation, precipitation, ion exchange, and membrane filtration have numerous drawbacks in terms of cost and effectiveness. Recently, the thermochemical conversion of biomasses/lignocellulosic wastes for biochar production and subsequently their application in the remediation of contaminated matrices is gaining attention. Further, the application of machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) to optimize the production and application of biochar is a topical topic. Therefore, this review critically explains the optimised production process of biochar and its application in the removal of a diverse range of organic and inorganic contaminants from contaminated water and wastewater. Moreover, the review highlights the progress in organic and inorganic pollutants remediation with biochar, focusing on the significance and benefits of utilizing ML and AI to optimize adsorption variables and biochar feedstock properties. The surface area, porosity, and functional groups of the biochar, the type and quantity of the pollutants and the solution’s pH, temperature, and ionic strength, all influence the adsorption capacity of the biochar. Furthermore, the duration of the biochar’s interaction with the contaminants and the existence of competing ions are significant factors. Utilizing AI and ML proves to be efficient in terms of cost and time, enabling a multidisciplinary approach to eliminate pollutants using biochar. Finally, this review discusses the challenges associated with the application of ML and AI in the treatment of contaminated water and wastewater using biochar and proposed future prospects to make these technologies economically viable and sustainable.
Chemosphere, 2024
Conventional pest control measures, such as chemical pesticides and nematicides, have limited eff... more Conventional pest control measures, such as chemical pesticides and nematicides, have limited efficacy and raise
environmental concerns, necessitating sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives for pest management. Therefore,
to find a complementary eco-friendly pesticide/nematicide, this study investigated the role of fly ash (FA) in
managing a notorious pest, Meloidogyne javanica and its impact on the growth and physiology of Abelmoschus
esculentus. Molecular characterization using SSU and LSU rDNA gene markers confirmed the identity of Indian
M. javanica as belonging to the same species. Biotic stress induced by nematode infection was significantly alleviated (P < 0.05) by FA application at a 20% w/v, regulating of ROS accumulation (44.1% reduction in
superoxide anions and 39.7% reduction in hydrogen peroxide content) in the host plant. Moreover, FA enhanced
antioxidant defence enzymes like superoxide dismutase (46.6%) and catalase (112%) to combat nematode
induced ROS. Furthermore, the application of FA at a 20% concentration significantly improved the biomass and
biochemical attributes of okra. Fly ash also upregulated the activity of the important osmo-protectant proline
(11.5 μmol/g FW) to mitigate nematode stress in host cells. Suppression of disease indices like gall index and
reproduction factor, combined with in-vitro experiments, revealed that FA exhibits strong nematode mortality
capacity and thus can be used as a sustainable and eco-friendly control agent against root-knot nematodes.
Science of the Total Environment, 2024
The effectiveness of almond shell-derived biochar (ASB) in immobilizing soil heavy metals (HMs) a... more The effectiveness of almond shell-derived biochar (ASB) in immobilizing soil heavy metals (HMs) and its impact
on soil microbial activity and diversity have not been sufficiently studied. Hence, a pot study was carried out to
investigate the effectiveness of ASB addition at 2, 4, and 6 % (w/w) on soil biochemical characteristics and the
bioavailability of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn to tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants, as compared to the control
(contaminated soil without ASB addition). The addition of ASB promoted plant growth (up to two-fold) and
restored the damage to the ultrastructure of chloroplast organelles. In addition, ASB mitigated the adverse effects
of HMs toxicity by decreasing oxidative damage, regulating the antioxidant system, improving soil physicochemical
properties, and enhancing enzymatic activities. At the phylum level, ASB addition enhanced the
relative abundance of Actinobacteriota, Acidobacteriota, and Firmicutes while decreasing the relative abundance of
Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota. Furthermore, ASB application increased the relative abundance of several fungal
taxa (Ascomycota and Mortierellomycota) while reducing the relative abundance of Basidiomycota in the soil. The
ASB-induced improvement in soil properties, microbial community, and diversity led to a significant decrease in
the DTPA-extractable HMs down to 41.0 %, 51.0 %, 52.0 %, and 35.0 % for Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn, respectively, as
compared to the control. The highest doses of ASB (ASB6) significantly reduced the metals content by 26.0 % for
Cd, 78.0 % for Cu, 38.0 % for Pb, and 20.0 % for Zn in the roots, and 72.0 % for Cd, 67.0 % for Cu, 46.0 % for Pb,
and 35.0 % for Zn in the shoots, as compared to the control. The structural equation model predicts that soil pH
and organic matter are driving factors in reducing the availability and uptake of HMs. ASB could be used as a
sustainable trial for remediation of HMs polluted soils and reducing metal content in edible plants.
Chemosphere , 2024
For environmental sustainability and to achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs), drinking wa... more For environmental sustainability and to achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs), drinking water treatment
must be done at a reasonable cost with minimal environmental impact. Therefore, treating contaminated
drinking water requires materials and approaches that are inexpensive, produced locally, and effortlessly. Hence,
locally available materials and their derivatives, such as biochar (BC) and activated carbon (AC) were investigated
thoroughly. Several researchers and their findings show that the application of locally accessible materials and their derivatives are capable of the adsorptive removal of organic and inorganic contaminants from drinking
water. The application of locally available materials such as lignocellulosic materials/waste and its thermochemically
derived products, including BC and AC were found effective in the treatment of contaminated
drinking water. Thus, this review aims to thoroughly examine the latest developments in the use of locally
accessible feedstocks for tailoring BC and AC, as well as their features and applications in the treatment of
drinking water. We attempted to explain facts related to the potential mechanisms of BC and AC, such as
complexation, co-precipitation, electrostatic interaction, and ion exchange to treat water, thereby achieving a
risk-free remediation approach to polluted water. Additionally, this research offers guidance on creating efficient
household treatment units based on the health risks associated with customized adsorbents and cost-benefit
analyses. Lastly, this review work discusses the current obstacles for using locally accessible materials and
their thermo-chemically.
Science of the Total Environment, 2024
Plastic and mixed plastic waste (PW) has received increased worldwide attention owing to its huge... more Plastic and mixed plastic waste (PW) has received increased worldwide attention owing to its huge rate of
production, high persistency in the environment, and unsustainable waste management practices. Therefore,
sustainable PW management and upcycling approaches are imperative to achieve the objectives of the United
Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Numerous recent studies have shown the application and feasibility of
various PW conversion techniques to produce materials with better economic value. Within this framework, the
current review provides an in-depth analysis of cutting-edge thermochemical technologies such as pyrolysis,
gasification, carbonization, and photocatalysis that can be used to value plastic and mixed PW in order to
produce energy and industrial chemicals. Additionally, a thorough examination of the environmental impacts of
contemporary PW upcycling techniques and their commercial feasibility through life cycle assessment (LCA) and
techno-economical assessment are provided in this review. Finally, this review emphasizes the opportunities and
challenges accompanying with existing PW upcycling techniques and deliver recommendations for future
research works.
Science of The Total Environment, 2023
Biochar can be used for multifunctional applications including the improvement of soil health and... more Biochar can be used for multifunctional applications including the improvement of soil health and carbon
storage, remediation of contaminated soil and water resources, mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions and
odorous compounds, and feed supplementation to improve animal health. A healthy soil preserves microbial
biodiversity that is effective in supressing plant pathogens and pests, recycling nutrients for plant growth,
promoting positive symbiotic associations with plant roots, improving soil structure to supply water and nutrients,
and ultimately enhancing soil productivity and plant growth. As a soil amendment, biochar assures soil
biological health through different processes. First, biochar supports habitats for microorganisms due to its
porous nature and by promoting the formation of stable soil micro-aggregates. Biochar also serves as a carbon
and nutrient source. Biochar alters soil physical and chemical properties, creating optimum soil conditions for
microbial diversity. Biochar can also immobilize soil pollutants and reduce their bioavailability that would
otherwise inhibit microbial growth. However, depending on the pyrolysis settings and feedstock resources,
biochar can be comprised of contaminants including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and potentially toxic
elements that can inhibit microbial activity, thereby impacting soil health.
Environmental Pollution, 2023
Additives may be present in amounts higher than 50% within plastic objects. Additives in plastics... more Additives may be present in amounts higher than 50% within plastic objects. Additives in plastics can be gradually released from microplastics (MPs) into the aquatic environment during their aging and fragmentation because most of them do not chemically react with the polymers. Some are known to be hazardous substances, which can cause toxicity effects on organisms and pose ecological risks. In this paper, the application of functional additives in MPs and their leaching in the environment are first summarized followed by their release mechanisms including photooxidation, chemical oxidation, biochemical degradation, and physical abrasion. Important factors affecting the additive release from MPs are also reviewed. Generally, smaller particle size, light irradiation, high temperature, dissolved organic matter (DOM) existence and alkaline conditions can promote the release of chemicals from MPs. In addition, the release of additives is also influenced by the polymer's structure, electrolyte types, as well as salinity. These additives may transfer into the organisms after ingestion and disrupt various biological processes, leading to developmental malformations and toxicity in offspring. Nonetheless, challenges on the toxicity of chemicals in MPs remain hindering the risk assessment on human health from MPs in the environment. Future research is suggested to strengthen research on the leaching experiment in the actual environment, develop more techniques and analysis methods to identify leaching products, and evaluate the toxicity effects of additives from MPs based on more model organisms. The work gives a comprehensive overview of current process for MP additive release in natural waters, summarizes their toxicity effects on organisms, and provides recommendations for future research.
Environment, Development and Sustainability, 2023
Degradation of land implies either a provisional or permanent deterioration in its productive pot... more Degradation of land implies either a provisional or permanent deterioration in its productive potential, which has an adverse impact on agriculture, biodiversity, and the environment. Land degradation is common in many nations across the globe and has severe adverse environmental consequences. It has a negative impact on livelihood as it diminishes agricultural land productivity, endangers food security, and raises disease risk. Previous studies have confirmed that various bamboo species have efficient in land restoration programmes due to its growth potential and wide acceptability in socioeconomic benefits. Therefore, present governments are interested in funding bamboo-related land restoration programmes across the globe. In this context, we have made an attempt to review the current state of the art of landscape restoration programmes and the role of bamboo plantations with possible influence on economic, social, and political factors in the Indian scenario. This review highlights various restoration programmes of bamboo with detailed explanations, such as heavily contaminated areas, village drylands, fly ash dumps, mine contaminated soils, deforestation programmes, etc. The present study has discussed various success stories of bamboo plantation programmes and the challenges in its implication. It is estimated that about 30% of India's land area is degraded, and erosion is the primary cause. To control this, bamboo is one of the suitable plants as it has a wide variety of species available as per the local climate of India. Over 30 years, bamboo has played the role of a sustainable crop for land restoration and received massive attention from stakeholders. Furthermore, the study has pointed out site-specific bamboo species and its gene bank information, which could be very helpful in restoration programmes of degraded land in near future.
Science of the Total Environment, 2023
Anaerobic digestion (AD) of agricultural wastes is a promising approach for energy recovery and c... more Anaerobic digestion (AD) of agricultural wastes is a promising approach for energy recovery and crop residue
management. However, its recalcitrant chemical structure hinders microbial hydrolysis and reduces biomethane
production under AD. Biochar supplementation has been proven to promote the digestibility and biomethanation
of lignocellulosic substrates. Therefore, this study investigated the influence of different pyrolysis temperatures
(450 ◦C, 550 ◦C, and 650 ◦C) on the physicochemical properties of biochar. Furthermore, the impact of ruminal
content biochar supplementation (1 %, 2 %, and 3 %) on the AD of rice straw with rumen fluid as inoculum has
been investigated. The ruminal content biochar (RUCB) supplemented reactors showed an increment in biomethane
yield and the highest cumulative biomethane yield 243.11 mL/g volatile solids (VS)) was recorded at 2
% RUCB supplementation, followed by 227.12 mL/g VS at 1 % RUCB supplementation and 162.86 mL/g VS at 3
% RUCB supplementation (P > 0.05). Compared to the control reactors (128.68 mL/g VS), RUCB supplemented
reactors exhibited 1.88-fold, 1.76-fold, and 1.26-fold increments in biomethane yield due to pH stabilization and
facilitation of microbial biofilm formation on the biochar. The correlation analysis showed that biomethane
production is positively correlated with VS reduction (R2 = 0.9852). This study proposed a potential strategy to
utilize ruminal content waste as a feedstock for biochar production and its application in AD for accelerating the
biomethanation of rice straw.
International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2023
Ecological restoration of fly ash-degraded soils is a major concern for developing countries like... more Ecological restoration of fly ash-degraded soils is a major concern for developing countries like India. So far, various physicochemical techniques have been employed to restore these polluted lands, but the limitations of cost, inefficiency, and secondary pollutant generation have forced ecologists to look for alternative approaches. Phytoremediation has been widely employed to replace these techniques, and to produce an economic asset along with the restoration of fly ash-degraded land, through bamboo species which serve as a parallel factor increasing the overall efficiency of bio methods, becomes very interesting. Four bamboo species, Bambusa balcooa, B. vulgaris 'wamin', B. bambos, and B. vulgaris, were planted at abandoned fly ash dumpsite. After two years of plantation, there was a significant improvement in all the physicochemical characteristics of the fly ash dumpsite. Phytoremediation indices in terms of bioconcentration factor (BCF) (1.26 and 1.72) and translocation factor (TF) (1.98 and 1.25) presented that B. bambos is the ideal species for the phytoextraction of Cr and Zn, while B. balcooa is an ideal species for the phytostabilization of lead (Pb), arsenic (As), and zinc (Zn), B. vulgaris 'wamin' for the phytostabilization of copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), Zn, and As and B. vulgaris for phytostabilization of Cu, chromium (Cr), and Ni, respectively. There was a significant improvement in biomass production in all the bamboo species being highest in B. balcooa (1087 kg ha −1) after two years of establishment on the fly ash dumpsite. Further, B. balcooa was found as the ideal bamboo species for sequestration of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2) (8217 tonnes C ha −1 year −1). This work further suggests that B. balcooa is an excellent species for eco-restoration with a reliable air pollution tolerance index (APTI) (16.65). Principal component analysis demonstrated that B. bambos is the most potent bamboo species for phytoremediation of fly ash dumpsites owing to its high biomass capacity, positively correlated with hyperaccumulation of heavy metals. However, the fate of heavy metals after litter decomposition needs to be examined in detail to make this study a widespread approach. Editorial responsibility: Agnieszka Galuszka.
Environmental Pollution, 2020
Microplastics (MPs) as emerging persistent pollutants have been a growing global concern. Althoug... more Microplastics (MPs) as emerging persistent pollutants have been a growing global concern. Although MPs are extensively studied in aquatic systems, their presence and fate in agricultural systems are not fully understood. In the agricultural soils, major causes of MPs pollution include application of biosolids and compost, wastewater irrigation, mulching film, polymer-based fertilizers and pesticides, and atmospheric deposition. The fate and dispersion of MPs in the soil environment are mainly associated with the soil characteristics, cultivation practices, and diversity of soil biota. Although there is emerging pollution of MPs in the soil environment, no standardized detection and quantification techniques are available. This study comprehensively reviews the sources, fate, and dispersion of MPs in the soil environment, discusses the interactions and effects of MPs on soil biota, and highlights the recent advancements in detection and quantification methods of MPs. The prospects for future research include biomagnification potency, cytotoxic effects on human/animals, nonlinear behavior in the soil environment , standardized analytical methods, best management practices, and global policies in the agricultural industry for the sake of sustainable development.
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2020
Excessive utilization of synthetic plastics has led to a major detrimental impact on the environm... more Excessive utilization of synthetic plastics has led to a major detrimental impact on the environment.
Plastic pollution and accumulation in water bodies have threatened the survival of marine life. Plastic
pollution can be prevented by using biopolymers that are eco-friendly and can be naturally produced by
certain living organisms. The biopolymers have environmental advantages over synthetic plastics, such
as biodegradability and biocompatibility. In comparison to plants and other microbial systems, bacteria
can accumulate a high amount of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). However, the major stumbling block in
the production of bacterial PHAs is its low cost-effectiveness due to costs associated with fermentaion
and down-stream processing. In consideration with the above properties, opportunities and challeges
associated with bacterial PHAs, this review focuses on structural diversity of PHAs, biosynthesis mechanism
in bacteria, biodegradation, life cycle analysis, and environmental impact of bioplastic production.
It further enumerates the advanced tools and techniques for bacterial PHA production, along with
various factors affecting the commercialization of bioplastics. Extraction methods, down-stream processing,
and biomedical applications of PHAs are also discussed. The opportunities and challenges in the
commercialization of bacterial PHAs along with future scenario and environmental sustainability are
presented for the purpose of fostering sustainable development.
Advanced Sustainable Systems , 2020
Biochar (BC) is a material synthesized from biomass by thermochemical conversion. Physicochemical... more Biochar (BC) is a material synthesized from biomass by thermochemical
conversion. Physicochemical and functional properties of BCs can be
enhanced by several methods of activation or functionalization. The activated
and functionalized BCs with a large surface area and abundant surface
functional groups can serve as effective catalysts or catalyst supports
for various chemical transformations as well as for adsorption/sorption/
enrichment of low-concentration pollutant streams. Among them, remediation
of environmental contaminants and production of a range of bioproducts in
biorefineries have attracted much attention in the context of achieving green
and sustainable development. Although the applications of BC as adsorbents
in removal of pollutants have been discussed extensively, there is a lot of
untapped potential with new applications of BCs as catalysts or catalyst supports
for advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) and sustainable biorefineries. In this
review, the production and activation/functionalization of BCs are scrutinized.
The mechanisms of activated and functionalized BC and BC-supported catalysts
in degradation of organic contaminants via AOPs assisted with hydrogen
peroxide (H2O2), peroxydisulfate (PDS), and peroxymonosulfate (PMS) are
reviewed. Emerging applications of BC as catalyst for production of biodiesel and
high-value chemicals, tar removal, bio-syngas reforming, and energy storage and
conversion devices are discussed in detail.
Science of the Total Environment, 2020
The current review explores the potential application of algal biomass for the production of biof... more The current review explores the potential application of algal biomass for the production of biofuels and biobased
products. The variety of processes and pathways through which bio-valorization of algal biomass can be
performed are described in this review. Various lipid extraction techniques from algal biomass along with
transesterification reactions for biodiesel production are briefly discussed. Processes such as the pretreatment
and saccharification of algal biomass, fermentation, gasification, pyrolysis, hydrothermal liquefaction, and anaerobic
digestion for the production of biohydrogen, bio-oils, biomethane, biochar (BC), and various bio-based products
are reviewed in detail. The biorefinery model and its collaborative approach with various processes are
highlighted for the production of eco-friendly, sustainable, and cost-effective biofuels and value-added products.
The authors also discuss opportunities and challenges related to bio-valorization of algal biomass and use their
own perspective regarding the processes involved in production and the feasibility to make algal research a reality
for the production of biofuels and bio-based products in a sustainable manner.
Environmental Technology & Innovation, 2020
To mitigate the rising level of CO 2 , biological method of CO 2 sequestration is one of the effe... more To mitigate the rising level of CO 2 , biological method of CO 2 sequestration is one of the effective methods. Chemolithotrophic microbes are able to fix atmospheric CO 2 and precipitated polymorphic minerals like calcite, vaterite and aragonite. Based on this, bioactive glass was synthesized by sol-gel process using polymorphic calcium carbon-ate mineral precipitated by chemolithotrophic Serratia sp. ISTD04. Characterization of bioactive material and its bioactivity was evaluated by SEM, EDX, FT-IR, XRD, ICP-MS. SEM analysis revealed biomaterial showing more bioactivity due to deposition of smaller particle like appearance throughout the surface. FT-IR analysis of sintered and immersed bioactive material indicated presence of O-Ca-O, O-Si-O and Si-O-Si functional group. The XRD analysis indicated important features similar to melt-derived Na 2 O-containing glass ceramics like formation of crystalline phase Na 2 Ca 2 Si 3 O 9. Further in-vitro study was performed in simulated body fluid (SBF) and on osteosarcoma cell line, confirmed that material and their supernatant did not reflect any cytotoxicity.
Science of the Total Environment, 2020
The application of pesticides reduces the loss of crops while simultaneously increasing crop prod... more The application of pesticides reduces the loss of crops while simultaneously increasing crop productivity. However,
the frequent use of pesticides can cause serious environmental problems due to their high accumulative
and persistent nature. Recently, microalgae technology has received considerable success in the efficient treatment
of pesticides pollution. In this review, the metabolic mechanisms responsible for the removal of pesticides
are summarized based on previous studies. Different methods used to enhance the ability of microalgae to remove
pesticides are critically evaluated. The recycling ofmicroalgae biomass afterwastewater treatment for biochar
preparation and biodiesel production using the biorefinery approach is also introduced. Furthermore, we
present potential future research directions to highlight the prospects of microalgae research in the removal of
pesticides along with the production of value-added products.
Special Issue on Environmental Pollutants:Impact Assessment and Remediation (NCEPIAR-2016), 2016
Elsevier , 2023
To remediate pesticides from natural environments, various physical, chemical, and biological app... more To remediate pesticides from natural environments, various physical, chemical, and biological approaches have been designed. Nevertheless, each technology has their own pros and cons and their application depends on the level of pollutants, environmental conditions, economics etc. Based on the above discussion, the intend of this book chapter is to provide a comprehensive picture of pesticides pollution in fresh water, staring with their various sources. This chapter also included the health impacts of pesticides, on living organisms including human, their extraction, and characterization techniques along with various remediation approaches. Finally, this chapter provided research gap/challenge associated with pesticides pollution and their remediation approaches and prospect for the future research.
Elsevier , 2022
Biochar is a thermo-chemically synthesized/fabricated product of biomass. Recently, biochar appli... more Biochar is a thermo-chemically synthesized/fabricated product of biomass. Recently, biochar applications have spanned into various disciplines such as environmental remediation, water purification, catalysis, tissue engineering, additive in organic waste compost, electrode material and modifier, etc. Modification of biochar is done for specific applications. It brings out the activation of the raw biochar through physical and chemical treatments. Physical modification is frequently done to achieve the superior quality of biochar. In recent years, the application of physical modification method has gained attention as a cost-effective and greener method. The current chapter comprehensively describes the recent developments in physical treatment processes of biochar, opportunities, challenges along with future prospects.
Elsevier , 2022
The consumption of energy around the globe is increasing continuously, which is mostly fulfilled ... more The consumption of energy around the globe is increasing continuously, which is mostly fulfilled by fossil fuel which is a nonrenewable source of energy. To meet the demand and supply, researchers need to identify and promote a renewable source of energy. Among various source of renewable energy, microalgae would be considered as an emerging and reliable feedstock which would be able to replace the fossil fuel-based source. Due to its high lipid contents (%30% of dry cell mass) and high growth rate, microalgae would be able to produce higher amount of bioenergy in comparison to various renewable energy sources. Still, the key challenges associated with algal biodiesel are recovery of lipids from algal biomass and their conversion to fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). Therefore, the current chapter enlightens the whole process of biodiesel production including selection of feedstock, harvesting of algal biomass, extraction and purification of lipids, and finally production of biodiesel and value-added products via various routes.
Elsevier, 2020
Water, air, and soil pollution are becoming a major concern of the entire world due to rapid indu... more Water, air, and soil pollution are becoming a major concern of the entire world due to rapid industrialization, economic growth, urbanization, increase in population, unsuitable and nonaffordable treatment technologies, and inadequate waste management practices. The safe disposal of solid waste mismanagement is a global issue in terms of environmental contamination and economic sustainability, which requires integrated assessments and holistic approaches for its solution. Landfills remain the main method of solid waste disposal and management in developed and developing countries. However, the major environmental challenges associated with the sustainable management of landfills are the surface and groundwater contamination and greenhouse gases and odor emissions. Phytocapping is an eco-friendly, cost-effective, and sustainable techniques to cover old landfill/dumpsites and to cap new landfills, with an objective to minimize leachate generation by reducing water infiltration into waste and to mitigate greenhouse emission and odor. The present chapter provides an overview of the role and mechanism of phytocapping technology for environmental cleanup.
Elsevier, 2020
In view of the wider frame of sustainability transitions in energy, it has opened up the avenues ... more In view of the wider frame of sustainability transitions in energy, it has opened up the avenues to explore resource-efficient as well as low carbon-emitting alternatives to fulfill our energy needs. The solution is sought to enhance energy production and reducing and preventing environmental pollutants from further degradation of the ecology. At present, the application of phytoremediation is explored as both a solution to decontaminate polluted environment and means to generate resource for energy production from biomass. However, the implications for growing energy crops with a phytoremediation potential is yet to be reviewed comprehensively and critically. The chapter attempts to juxtapose the implications in terms of opportunities and challenges about phytoremediation coupled energy production by reviewing the number of relevant research papers. The conclusion of the chapter would bring up inferences concerning social, economic, and environmental aspects with the application of phytoremediation using energy crops.
Elsevier, 2020
Increasing population load and an altered lifestyle attitude are exerting extra pressure on the p... more Increasing population load and an altered lifestyle attitude are exerting extra pressure
on the production market, to satisfy the demands and desire of society. The
recently developed production and consumption models largely rely on fossil-based
resources, which are affecting the environment and natural resources adversely. The
cost-effective production of biological materials is an emerging sector with remarkable
future prospects and provides many business opportunities. With time the
research endeavors are gradually shifting toward bacterial lipids-derived biofuel
production, which is more suitable and compatible for an industrial application. The
major challenge in the overall process of the production of lipids-derived fuels from
microbes is the involved carbon source as it contributes to more than half of the
production cost. Therefore the production of lipids and biodiesel from bacteria
using different waste materials as carbon source involving the application of
advanced biotechnological tools, and modified transesterification reactions will
make the biodiesel production cost effective.
