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Research paper thumbnail of Commanding Mandates of Royal Line -A Case Study of Mughal Nishans

International Journal of Social Science and Economic Research, 2020

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Research paper thumbnail of COMMANDING MANDATES OF ROYAL LINE -A CASE STUDY OF MUGHAL NISHANS

International Journal of Social Science and Economic Research, 2020

Nishan is a mandate issued by queen, prince, princess to Mughal nobles. It is a public and legisl... more Nishan is a mandate issued by queen, prince, princess to Mughal nobles. It is a public and legislative document carrying seal and tughra. Generally, it had the sanction of the Emperor. The basic construct of Nishan was more or less similar to farman and manshur. The context of nishan varied considerably from exchange of gifts to devising strategies of war of succession, Kabul and Deccan campaign, internal party politics, importance of Rajput support etc. This document remains an untapped mine of information. A scrutiny of the nishans indicates that royal ladies enjoyed an exalted position in the Mughal administration.

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Research paper thumbnail of Deconstructing A Lesser Known Mughal Document: Manshur Of Mughal Emperors

International Journal of Innovative Research and Advanced Studies (IJIRAS) , 2020

Manshur was a royal mandate or missive issued by the emperor to privileged perso n of the imper... more Manshur was a royal mandate or missive issued by the emperor to privileged perso
n of the imperial court.
The farman and manshur were both issued by the emperor,1
while the nishan was issued by the prince. (table I) However,
some confusion is created by the manshurs issued by the prince Aurangzeb before his fo
rmal coronation. Manshurs have
escaped notice of scholars as a separate and significant entity; they are summarily clubbed to
gether with farmans, or
mistaken as nishans. The present endeavor undertakes to deconstruct this important
document and outline the varied
facets related to it.

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Research paper thumbnail of KASHMIRI LANGUAGE: HISTORY, ISSUES AND CHALLENGES

Journal of the Oriental Institute M.S. University of Baroda, 2022

Kashmiri language 'koshur' is the language of people living in the valley of Kashmir and its adjo... more Kashmiri language 'koshur' is the language of people living in the valley of Kashmir and its adjoining valleys in the south and east. According to census the magnitude of Kashmiri speakers was 55276698 during 2001. There is a general consensus among historical linguistics that Kashmiri belongs to the Dardic branch and is closely akin to Shina. Shina is also a subgroup of Dard language. Kashmiri language is also said to be a prakrit of pure and original Sanskrit. There is a controversy among scholars and philologists over the origin of the language. The present paper attempts to address the raison d'etre, which made the language recede into oblivion. This endeavor aims to highlight the reasons that are tapering the scope and virginity of the language among its own speakers.

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Research paper thumbnail of TRANSITIONAL PHASE OF SOCIETY AND CULTURE IN 14 TH CENTURY KASHMIR: AN OVERVIEW

SHODHASAMHITA, 2022

Kashmir had a legacy of multiculturalism from earliest times. The plurality of Kashmir had given ... more Kashmir had a legacy of multiculturalism from earliest times. The plurality of Kashmir had given space to Islam and mystic ideology of Sufism in 14 th century, which brought a revolutionary social movement with scores of customs and values related to the behavior of people. These customs and values were readily adopted and absorbed by the natives of the place.

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Research paper thumbnail of BEGINNING OF A NEW COMPOSITE CULTURE IN KASHMIR: CASE STUDY OF RISHISM

Kalyan Bharti, 2021

Rishism, which was an indigenous Sufi Silsila of Kashmir developed in the last quarter of the 14 ... more Rishism, which was an indigenous Sufi Silsila of Kashmir developed in the last quarter of the 14 th century. It had played a significant role in the promotion of socio-religious harmony. The Rishis used the local cultural ethos for the promotion of their ideology. Sheikh Noor Ud Din Rishi, the founder of Rishism used the local Kashmiri language for the propagation of humanity through his poetic couplets popularly known as 'Shruk'. The very nomenclature of Rishism signals a patchwork of principal communities. Sanskrit language had deep roots in Kashmir. It was hence made groundwork of medium of instruction, local Kashmiri Language has an imprint of Sanskrit vocabulary. Our focus of study is on the teachings of Rishis particularly of Sheikh Noor Ud Din Rishi through which they had stressed social harmony. They did not focus much on the missionary work of spreading Islam. Rishism particularly preached through its teaching love of fellow beings irrespective of caste, creed, and color. Rishism has preached about the importance of brotherhood and various social issues which is evident from the couplets of Sheikh Noor Ud Din Rishi. Rishism has grown at a time when the society of Kashmir was divided into various castes especially among Hindus and on the other hand there was an influx of Islamic missionaries from Turkistan and Iran. It emerged as a cementing link between the caste ridden Hindu society and Islam by giving the indigenous flavor to Islam and popularized the cult of religious humanism, which is Rishism. It was above the orthodox principles of Islam that earlier Sufis had come to preach in Kashmir.

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Research paper thumbnail of SAGA OF MUGHAL FARMAN -UNDERSTANDING THE ESSENTIALS

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE AND RESEARCH, 2019

Mughal chancellery issued many documents for smooth conduct of administration. Farman is one of t... more Mughal chancellery issued many documents for smooth conduct of administration. Farman is one of the most significant among these in terms of its diplomatic, legislative and public content. There appears considerable consonance in the farmans of Ottoman, Chagatai and Mughal chancelleries. The Mughal farmans were meticulously formulated to incorporate invocation in sarnama, ornamental signature in tughra, genealogy and sanction in seal. Members of royalty being emperor, princes and nobles were substantially exalted in the text. The farmans assume different character in each of its varied type. There seem two broad genres of farman-i-sultani and ahkam-i-diwani, which fissure into separate entity of fatehnama, ahadnama, qaulnama, manshur, shuqqa, kalima and ahkam.

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Research paper thumbnail of Role of Sufis in Kashmir during 14th – 16th centuries

Publication Bureau, Punjabi University, Patiala, 2016

Role of Sufis in Kashmir is an interesting aspect of study. Apart from their role in spreading Is... more Role of Sufis in Kashmir is an interesting aspect of study. Apart from their role in spreading Islam. They had impacted the society, culture, education and economy in multifarious ways. Modern day Kashmir has such surviving legacy. The economy that is mostly based on handicrafts was given the new impetus by the Sufis like Mir Syed Ali Hamdani and his other companions. The Sufis modified the social and cultural life of the people as well during this period. They particularly local Sufis, that is Rishis, taught brotherhood and equality by removing the caste differences from the society. Rishis saints had worked for the protection of resources like forests and water resources. The Sufis of Kashmir helped in spreading the education in Kashmir by establishing madrasas throughout the Kashmir. These are some of the important fields in which the Sufis of Kashmir have played a leading role other than in the realm of religion. Herein this paper our focus of study is mainly on above aspects.

Keywords: Medeival Kashmir, Sufism, Mir Syed Ali Hamdani, Noor Ud Din Rishi, Environmentalists, Kashmiri Saints, Kashmir Society, Kashmiriyat

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Research paper thumbnail of Commanding Mandates of Royal Line -A Case Study of Mughal Nishans

International Journal of Social Science and Economic Research, 2020

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Research paper thumbnail of COMMANDING MANDATES OF ROYAL LINE -A CASE STUDY OF MUGHAL NISHANS

International Journal of Social Science and Economic Research, 2020

Nishan is a mandate issued by queen, prince, princess to Mughal nobles. It is a public and legisl... more Nishan is a mandate issued by queen, prince, princess to Mughal nobles. It is a public and legislative document carrying seal and tughra. Generally, it had the sanction of the Emperor. The basic construct of Nishan was more or less similar to farman and manshur. The context of nishan varied considerably from exchange of gifts to devising strategies of war of succession, Kabul and Deccan campaign, internal party politics, importance of Rajput support etc. This document remains an untapped mine of information. A scrutiny of the nishans indicates that royal ladies enjoyed an exalted position in the Mughal administration.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Deconstructing A Lesser Known Mughal Document: Manshur Of Mughal Emperors

International Journal of Innovative Research and Advanced Studies (IJIRAS) , 2020

Manshur was a royal mandate or missive issued by the emperor to privileged perso n of the imper... more Manshur was a royal mandate or missive issued by the emperor to privileged perso
n of the imperial court.
The farman and manshur were both issued by the emperor,1
while the nishan was issued by the prince. (table I) However,
some confusion is created by the manshurs issued by the prince Aurangzeb before his fo
rmal coronation. Manshurs have
escaped notice of scholars as a separate and significant entity; they are summarily clubbed to
gether with farmans, or
mistaken as nishans. The present endeavor undertakes to deconstruct this important
document and outline the varied
facets related to it.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of KASHMIRI LANGUAGE: HISTORY, ISSUES AND CHALLENGES

Journal of the Oriental Institute M.S. University of Baroda, 2022

Kashmiri language 'koshur' is the language of people living in the valley of Kashmir and its adjo... more Kashmiri language 'koshur' is the language of people living in the valley of Kashmir and its adjoining valleys in the south and east. According to census the magnitude of Kashmiri speakers was 55276698 during 2001. There is a general consensus among historical linguistics that Kashmiri belongs to the Dardic branch and is closely akin to Shina. Shina is also a subgroup of Dard language. Kashmiri language is also said to be a prakrit of pure and original Sanskrit. There is a controversy among scholars and philologists over the origin of the language. The present paper attempts to address the raison d'etre, which made the language recede into oblivion. This endeavor aims to highlight the reasons that are tapering the scope and virginity of the language among its own speakers.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of TRANSITIONAL PHASE OF SOCIETY AND CULTURE IN 14 TH CENTURY KASHMIR: AN OVERVIEW

SHODHASAMHITA, 2022

Kashmir had a legacy of multiculturalism from earliest times. The plurality of Kashmir had given ... more Kashmir had a legacy of multiculturalism from earliest times. The plurality of Kashmir had given space to Islam and mystic ideology of Sufism in 14 th century, which brought a revolutionary social movement with scores of customs and values related to the behavior of people. These customs and values were readily adopted and absorbed by the natives of the place.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of BEGINNING OF A NEW COMPOSITE CULTURE IN KASHMIR: CASE STUDY OF RISHISM

Kalyan Bharti, 2021

Rishism, which was an indigenous Sufi Silsila of Kashmir developed in the last quarter of the 14 ... more Rishism, which was an indigenous Sufi Silsila of Kashmir developed in the last quarter of the 14 th century. It had played a significant role in the promotion of socio-religious harmony. The Rishis used the local cultural ethos for the promotion of their ideology. Sheikh Noor Ud Din Rishi, the founder of Rishism used the local Kashmiri language for the propagation of humanity through his poetic couplets popularly known as 'Shruk'. The very nomenclature of Rishism signals a patchwork of principal communities. Sanskrit language had deep roots in Kashmir. It was hence made groundwork of medium of instruction, local Kashmiri Language has an imprint of Sanskrit vocabulary. Our focus of study is on the teachings of Rishis particularly of Sheikh Noor Ud Din Rishi through which they had stressed social harmony. They did not focus much on the missionary work of spreading Islam. Rishism particularly preached through its teaching love of fellow beings irrespective of caste, creed, and color. Rishism has preached about the importance of brotherhood and various social issues which is evident from the couplets of Sheikh Noor Ud Din Rishi. Rishism has grown at a time when the society of Kashmir was divided into various castes especially among Hindus and on the other hand there was an influx of Islamic missionaries from Turkistan and Iran. It emerged as a cementing link between the caste ridden Hindu society and Islam by giving the indigenous flavor to Islam and popularized the cult of religious humanism, which is Rishism. It was above the orthodox principles of Islam that earlier Sufis had come to preach in Kashmir.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of SAGA OF MUGHAL FARMAN -UNDERSTANDING THE ESSENTIALS

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE AND RESEARCH, 2019

Mughal chancellery issued many documents for smooth conduct of administration. Farman is one of t... more Mughal chancellery issued many documents for smooth conduct of administration. Farman is one of the most significant among these in terms of its diplomatic, legislative and public content. There appears considerable consonance in the farmans of Ottoman, Chagatai and Mughal chancelleries. The Mughal farmans were meticulously formulated to incorporate invocation in sarnama, ornamental signature in tughra, genealogy and sanction in seal. Members of royalty being emperor, princes and nobles were substantially exalted in the text. The farmans assume different character in each of its varied type. There seem two broad genres of farman-i-sultani and ahkam-i-diwani, which fissure into separate entity of fatehnama, ahadnama, qaulnama, manshur, shuqqa, kalima and ahkam.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Role of Sufis in Kashmir during 14th – 16th centuries

Publication Bureau, Punjabi University, Patiala, 2016

Role of Sufis in Kashmir is an interesting aspect of study. Apart from their role in spreading Is... more Role of Sufis in Kashmir is an interesting aspect of study. Apart from their role in spreading Islam. They had impacted the society, culture, education and economy in multifarious ways. Modern day Kashmir has such surviving legacy. The economy that is mostly based on handicrafts was given the new impetus by the Sufis like Mir Syed Ali Hamdani and his other companions. The Sufis modified the social and cultural life of the people as well during this period. They particularly local Sufis, that is Rishis, taught brotherhood and equality by removing the caste differences from the society. Rishis saints had worked for the protection of resources like forests and water resources. The Sufis of Kashmir helped in spreading the education in Kashmir by establishing madrasas throughout the Kashmir. These are some of the important fields in which the Sufis of Kashmir have played a leading role other than in the realm of religion. Herein this paper our focus of study is mainly on above aspects.

Keywords: Medeival Kashmir, Sufism, Mir Syed Ali Hamdani, Noor Ud Din Rishi, Environmentalists, Kashmiri Saints, Kashmir Society, Kashmiriyat

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact