adnan Shakeel | Aligarh Muslim University (original) (raw)
Papers by adnan Shakeel
Journal of public affairs, Nov 2, 2022
The Indian government unveiled new farm legislation on September 27, 2020, with the goal of empow... more The Indian government unveiled new farm legislation on September 27, 2020, with the goal of empowering the farming community. According to the government, new farm regulations will reduce the reliance of indigenous farmers on the mandi (market yard) system, which is now in place and is quite exploitative and full of middlemen and legal cartels. The regulations made contract farming lawful with the intention of luring private sector investment in bolstering agricultural supply chains and infrastructure to give farmers better pricing. But these rules are referred to as repressive and anti‐farmer by the farming community. Farmers believe that eliminating the mandi system will eliminate the minimum support price (MSP) mechanism and that contract farming will ultimately be damaging, enticing major corporations and private investors to bind them to unfair contracts that will result in exploitation. Farmers' demonstrations have begun as a result in the former territory of the green revolution. In order to determine if the new farm regulations introduced by the central government are indeed beneficial to the rural community or not, the article followed the debate among many academics, policy makers, economists, researchers, stakeholders, and politicians (the government's spokesman). The article's main focus is on analysing the farmers' demand for the new farm rules to be repealed and the economic justification for their opposition. Additionally, it contends that new farm rules will encourage capitalistic farming and endanger the viability of farming communities, particularly small and marginal farms (S&M).
Journal of Public Affairs
The Indian government unveiled new farm legislation on September 27, 2020, with the goal of empow... more The Indian government unveiled new farm legislation on September 27, 2020, with the goal of empowering the farming community. According to the government, new farm regulations will reduce the reliance of indigenous farmers on the mandi (market yard) system, which is now in place and is quite exploitative and full of middlemen and legal cartels. The regulations made contract farming lawful with the intention of luring private sector investment in bolstering agricultural supply chains and infrastructure to give farmers better pricing. But these rules are referred to as repressive and anti‐farmer by the farming community. Farmers believe that eliminating the mandi system will eliminate the minimum support price (MSP) mechanism and that contract farming will ultimately be damaging, enticing major corporations and private investors to bind them to unfair contracts that will result in exploitation. Farmers' demonstrations have begun as a result in the former territory of the green rev...
SN Social Sciences
This paper has two broad objectives; the first is to examine the challenges of e-learning faced b... more This paper has two broad objectives; the first is to examine the challenges of e-learning faced by the students keeping in view their place of residence and gender in India, particularly during the second-wave of Covid-19. The second objective is to examine the role of place of residence and gender of students in the acceptance and satisfaction towards e-learning. The data has been obtained through an online survey of the students of University of Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India, in which a total of 490 students participated. Selection of students has been done through stratified sampling technique. Initially the obtained data was analysed and discussed through simple statistical analysis. Later, a chi-square test of independence was applied to find out the dependency of psychological stress, level of acceptance and level of satisfaction towards e-learning on the place of residence and the gender. The major finding of the paper reveals that the gender and the place of residence of the students is significantly associated with their psychological stress, acceptance and satisfaction towards e-learning. Extra money spent on the purchase of online learning resources was greater in case of rural students.
The COVID-19 pandemic spread over the world like the wind with more than 400,000 documented cases... more The COVID-19 pandemic spread over the world like the wind with more than 400,000 documented cases as of March 24th, 2020. In this regard, strict lockdown measures were imposed in India on the same date to stop the virus spread. Thereafter, various lockdown impacts were observed and one of the immediate effects was a reduction in air pollution levels across the world. In this study, we have selected 14 major hotspot places where the COVID-19 cases were >1000 (as of 1st June 2020) that represents more than 70% mortalities of India. We assessed the impact of lockdown on different air quality indicators including ground (PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, O3, and AQI) and tropospheric nitric oxide (NO2) concentrations through ground monitoring stations and Sentinel-5 satellite data respectively. We have found highest reduction in NO2 (-48.68%), PM2.5 (-34.84%) and PM10 (-33.89%) air pollutant (unit in µg/m3) levels post-lockdown. Moreover, tropospheric NO2 (mol/m2) concentrations were also impro...
Contemporary South Asia, 2021
Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 2021
Covid‐19 pandemic has affected every sphere of life specially the education sector observing a pa... more Covid‐19 pandemic has affected every sphere of life specially the education sector observing a paradigm shift in the nature of pedagogy from offline face‐to‐face to online‐virtual mode of learning. The biggest challenge in online‐learning was the conduction of online examination for student's assessment specially in Indian context where digital divide is rampant. Thus, present study examines and compares the challenges faced by the students in two most widely accepted modes of examination by Indian universities and institutes of higher learning, that is, take home/unrestricted/assignment‐based examination (ABE) and highly time restricted/open‐book examination (OBE). Primary data was collected through questionnaires prepared by using Google forms to measure adaptability, satisfaction, and challenges using 5‐point Likert's scale. Cronbach's α test was performed on question items to check the reliability and internal consistency of the items. χ2 test has been applied in order to check whether there is a statistically significant relationship between the gender and place of residence in the acceptability of ABE and OBE. The findings suggest that both modes of examination have their own challenges largely governed by the digital and economic divide. The acceptance level of ABE and OBE is not associated with gender. However, we found the level of acceptance association of ABE with the place of residence of the students but not with OBE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Human Behavior & Emerging Technologies is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
The COVID-19 pandemic spread over the world like the wind with more than 400,000 documented cases... more The COVID-19 pandemic spread over the world like the wind with more than 400,000 documented cases as of March 24th, 2020. In this regard, strict lockdown measures were imposed in India on the same date to stop the virus spread. Thereafter, various lockdown impacts were observed and one of the immediate effects was a reduction in air pollution levels across the world. In this study, we have selected 14 major hotspot places where the COVID-19 cases were >1000 (as of 1st June 2020) that represents more than 70% mortalities of India. We assessed the impact of lockdown on different air quality indicators including ground (PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, O3, and AQI) and tropospheric nitric oxide (NO2) concentrations through ground monitoring stations and Sentinel-5 satellite data respectively. We have found highest reduction in NO2 (-48.68%), PM2.5 (-34.84%) and PM10 (-33.89%) air pollutant (unit in µg/m3) levels post-lockdown. Moreover, tropospheric NO2 (mol/m2) concentrations were also impro...
Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 2021
Covid-19 pandemic has affected every sphere of life specially the education sector observing a pa... more Covid-19 pandemic has affected every sphere of life specially the education sector observing a paradigm shift in the nature of pedagogy from offline face-to-face to online-virtual mode of learning. The biggest challenge in online-learning was the con
IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2021
The main aim of the present study is to analyse the condition of food insecurity in Bundelkhand"s... more The main aim of the present study is to analyse the condition of food insecurity in Bundelkhand"s Banda district through Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS). Simultaneously, study also assess the structural validity and internal consistency of HFIAS. Study uses primary data collected through field investigation during December 2014 through structured questionnaire and focus group discussions (FGDs). Multistage stratified random sampling has been used for selecting the villages and households for the survey. A total of 240 households have been surveyed for data collection. For measuring household"s food insecurity HFIAS 9-item questionnaire has been opted. Study shows that household"s food insecurity is positively linked to household"s inability towards food access because of low income and poverty. On the basis of the score obtained from HFIAS the households were categorised into severely, moderately, mildly food insecure and food secure in order to find out the extent of food insecurity. The result reveals that, 24.58% of the sampled households were severely food insecure followed by 30.0% and 24.17% as moderately and mildly food insecure and remaining 21.25% were food secure. Cronbach"s alpha coefficient is used to assess the internal consistency of the tool and rotated principal component factor analysis is used analyse the structural validity of HFIAS. On the basis of the value of Cronbach"s alpha (0.86) the tool displayed a good internal consistency. Factor analysis highlighted two key factors accountable for food insecurity in the study area i.e., insufficient food quality and insufficient food quantity eaten by the members of the households.
Social Change
Food insecurity prevails when the availability of sufficient nutritious and safe food is threaten... more Food insecurity prevails when the availability of sufficient nutritious and safe food is threatened. This article examines conditions in Bundelkhand’s Banda district and analyses the reasons behind the conditions of food insecurity prevalent there. On the basis of household-level primary data, body mass index (BMI) and 24-hour dietary recall (24-HDR) have been used to measure the chronic and transitory dimensions of food insecurity. The overall sex specific prevalence of chronic energy deficiency (CED) shows that both males and females are passing through a critical situation with respect to their nutritional status, with females being more underprivileged. Nearly two-fifths of the households remain hungry and are consuming calories less than the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of 1,890 calories, with wasted children being the biggest sufferers of CED. Persistent drought conditions combined with the unavailability of assured means of irrigation and faulty implementation of gover...
Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment
GeoJournal
Present study examines the current situation of food insecurity in Banda district of Bun-delkhand... more Present study examines the current situation of food insecurity in Banda district of Bun-delkhand region on the basis of measures of food quality and food quantity. Coping strategy index (CSI) and dietary diversity index has been used as qualitative and subjective measures to capture the dimensions of food accessibility and food vulnerability. Dietary pattern has been taken as a quantitative and objective measure to capture the dimension of food availability. The study emphasize on the coping strategies adopted by the households supported by declining dietary status, dietary diversity and meal pattern of the households. Data used for the analysis were obtained from 240 households that were selected from sixteen villages on the basis of multistage stratified random sampling. Study shows that the frequency and intensity of coping strategies opted by the households increases as the intensity of food insecurity within the household increases. The CSI shows high condition of food insecurity and recommends periodic evaluation and monitoring of food insecurity at different time across the year.
Journal of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, 2012
Inspite of being the major source of protein and staple food for the majority of population the p... more Inspite of being the major source of protein and staple food for the majority of population the production of pulses is stagnated at all India level between 12 and 15 million tonnes. It is believed that the demand of pulses will increase upto 20 million tonnes during 2020 A.D. Thus, a need arise to find out the causes for such stagnation and to suggest some remedial measures for increasing the area and production under pulses. The objectives of the present study is to analyze the trend and spatial pattern of area, production and yield of pulses in Eastern Uttar Pradesh during 1990-1992 to 2007-2009, including the regional imbalances in the availability of pulses per head per day in grams on the basis of recommendations given by Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) Hyderabad. Changes in the area and production of pulses are compared to those of major cereals to draw conclusions to ascertain, whether the trend is in the same direction or opposite. Finally, the study concluded that the area (except lentil) and production (except black gram and lentil) of the pulses has been decreased during the study period.
Journal of Geography and Regional Planning, 2012
In the present study the authors have attempted to analyse the condition of food security in the ... more In the present study the authors have attempted to analyse the condition of food security in the Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh at district level. Bundelkhand region has been chosen as a unit of study because it is one of the poorest regions in comparison with western, central and eastern regions of the state and even after being in close proximity to heartland of green revolution (Punjab, Haryana and Western Uttar Pradesh) the region is still backward in agricultural development in India in general. Agriculture is the mainstay of the economy and mostly dependent on monsoonal rainfall. The Bundelkhand is continuously facing drought since last few years and people are migrating for employment. Thus, there is an urgent need to look after the conditions of food security of the people living in this region. The standard statistical techniques have been used for the analysis of data. The study concludes that the condition of food security is unfavourable. Only one district of Jalaun has shown high food security. Majority of the districts are moderate and low food secure because of low food grain availability, low purchasing power of the people, etc. The irrigation facilities are also not well developed leading to low consumption of fertilizer and low productivity of crops. Employment rate, rate of urbanization, storage capacity and number of fair prices shops are also not satisfactory leading to pitiable food security condition in the study area.
Journal of Rural Development
GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY
Present article follow up the recent debates that is being discussed in the country with respect ... more Present article follow up the recent debates that is being discussed in the country with respect to the National Food Security Act – 2013. Present article is based on the secondary sources of information collected through various books, magazines, journals, newspapers, government and non-governmental reports. The purpose of the article is to trace the discussion among various economist, planners, researchers and policy makers in order to analyse whether National food Security Act is a triumph for those who are in desperate need of it (poor and destitute), or a tragedy for those officials speaking against the Act. The main emphasis of the article is to discuss the cost of implementation of NFSA because it was believed that after its implementation it will put heavy burden on the government exchequer due to subsidies provided under it. Article also examines the challenges related to Food Corporation of India with respect to procurement, storage and distribution of foodgrains. Moreove...
Journal of public affairs, Nov 2, 2022
The Indian government unveiled new farm legislation on September 27, 2020, with the goal of empow... more The Indian government unveiled new farm legislation on September 27, 2020, with the goal of empowering the farming community. According to the government, new farm regulations will reduce the reliance of indigenous farmers on the mandi (market yard) system, which is now in place and is quite exploitative and full of middlemen and legal cartels. The regulations made contract farming lawful with the intention of luring private sector investment in bolstering agricultural supply chains and infrastructure to give farmers better pricing. But these rules are referred to as repressive and anti‐farmer by the farming community. Farmers believe that eliminating the mandi system will eliminate the minimum support price (MSP) mechanism and that contract farming will ultimately be damaging, enticing major corporations and private investors to bind them to unfair contracts that will result in exploitation. Farmers' demonstrations have begun as a result in the former territory of the green revolution. In order to determine if the new farm regulations introduced by the central government are indeed beneficial to the rural community or not, the article followed the debate among many academics, policy makers, economists, researchers, stakeholders, and politicians (the government's spokesman). The article's main focus is on analysing the farmers' demand for the new farm rules to be repealed and the economic justification for their opposition. Additionally, it contends that new farm rules will encourage capitalistic farming and endanger the viability of farming communities, particularly small and marginal farms (S&M).
Journal of Public Affairs
The Indian government unveiled new farm legislation on September 27, 2020, with the goal of empow... more The Indian government unveiled new farm legislation on September 27, 2020, with the goal of empowering the farming community. According to the government, new farm regulations will reduce the reliance of indigenous farmers on the mandi (market yard) system, which is now in place and is quite exploitative and full of middlemen and legal cartels. The regulations made contract farming lawful with the intention of luring private sector investment in bolstering agricultural supply chains and infrastructure to give farmers better pricing. But these rules are referred to as repressive and anti‐farmer by the farming community. Farmers believe that eliminating the mandi system will eliminate the minimum support price (MSP) mechanism and that contract farming will ultimately be damaging, enticing major corporations and private investors to bind them to unfair contracts that will result in exploitation. Farmers' demonstrations have begun as a result in the former territory of the green rev...
SN Social Sciences
This paper has two broad objectives; the first is to examine the challenges of e-learning faced b... more This paper has two broad objectives; the first is to examine the challenges of e-learning faced by the students keeping in view their place of residence and gender in India, particularly during the second-wave of Covid-19. The second objective is to examine the role of place of residence and gender of students in the acceptance and satisfaction towards e-learning. The data has been obtained through an online survey of the students of University of Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India, in which a total of 490 students participated. Selection of students has been done through stratified sampling technique. Initially the obtained data was analysed and discussed through simple statistical analysis. Later, a chi-square test of independence was applied to find out the dependency of psychological stress, level of acceptance and level of satisfaction towards e-learning on the place of residence and the gender. The major finding of the paper reveals that the gender and the place of residence of the students is significantly associated with their psychological stress, acceptance and satisfaction towards e-learning. Extra money spent on the purchase of online learning resources was greater in case of rural students.
The COVID-19 pandemic spread over the world like the wind with more than 400,000 documented cases... more The COVID-19 pandemic spread over the world like the wind with more than 400,000 documented cases as of March 24th, 2020. In this regard, strict lockdown measures were imposed in India on the same date to stop the virus spread. Thereafter, various lockdown impacts were observed and one of the immediate effects was a reduction in air pollution levels across the world. In this study, we have selected 14 major hotspot places where the COVID-19 cases were >1000 (as of 1st June 2020) that represents more than 70% mortalities of India. We assessed the impact of lockdown on different air quality indicators including ground (PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, O3, and AQI) and tropospheric nitric oxide (NO2) concentrations through ground monitoring stations and Sentinel-5 satellite data respectively. We have found highest reduction in NO2 (-48.68%), PM2.5 (-34.84%) and PM10 (-33.89%) air pollutant (unit in µg/m3) levels post-lockdown. Moreover, tropospheric NO2 (mol/m2) concentrations were also impro...
Contemporary South Asia, 2021
Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 2021
Covid‐19 pandemic has affected every sphere of life specially the education sector observing a pa... more Covid‐19 pandemic has affected every sphere of life specially the education sector observing a paradigm shift in the nature of pedagogy from offline face‐to‐face to online‐virtual mode of learning. The biggest challenge in online‐learning was the conduction of online examination for student's assessment specially in Indian context where digital divide is rampant. Thus, present study examines and compares the challenges faced by the students in two most widely accepted modes of examination by Indian universities and institutes of higher learning, that is, take home/unrestricted/assignment‐based examination (ABE) and highly time restricted/open‐book examination (OBE). Primary data was collected through questionnaires prepared by using Google forms to measure adaptability, satisfaction, and challenges using 5‐point Likert's scale. Cronbach's α test was performed on question items to check the reliability and internal consistency of the items. χ2 test has been applied in order to check whether there is a statistically significant relationship between the gender and place of residence in the acceptability of ABE and OBE. The findings suggest that both modes of examination have their own challenges largely governed by the digital and economic divide. The acceptance level of ABE and OBE is not associated with gender. However, we found the level of acceptance association of ABE with the place of residence of the students but not with OBE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Human Behavior & Emerging Technologies is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
The COVID-19 pandemic spread over the world like the wind with more than 400,000 documented cases... more The COVID-19 pandemic spread over the world like the wind with more than 400,000 documented cases as of March 24th, 2020. In this regard, strict lockdown measures were imposed in India on the same date to stop the virus spread. Thereafter, various lockdown impacts were observed and one of the immediate effects was a reduction in air pollution levels across the world. In this study, we have selected 14 major hotspot places where the COVID-19 cases were >1000 (as of 1st June 2020) that represents more than 70% mortalities of India. We assessed the impact of lockdown on different air quality indicators including ground (PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, O3, and AQI) and tropospheric nitric oxide (NO2) concentrations through ground monitoring stations and Sentinel-5 satellite data respectively. We have found highest reduction in NO2 (-48.68%), PM2.5 (-34.84%) and PM10 (-33.89%) air pollutant (unit in µg/m3) levels post-lockdown. Moreover, tropospheric NO2 (mol/m2) concentrations were also impro...
Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 2021
Covid-19 pandemic has affected every sphere of life specially the education sector observing a pa... more Covid-19 pandemic has affected every sphere of life specially the education sector observing a paradigm shift in the nature of pedagogy from offline face-to-face to online-virtual mode of learning. The biggest challenge in online-learning was the con
IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2021
The main aim of the present study is to analyse the condition of food insecurity in Bundelkhand"s... more The main aim of the present study is to analyse the condition of food insecurity in Bundelkhand"s Banda district through Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS). Simultaneously, study also assess the structural validity and internal consistency of HFIAS. Study uses primary data collected through field investigation during December 2014 through structured questionnaire and focus group discussions (FGDs). Multistage stratified random sampling has been used for selecting the villages and households for the survey. A total of 240 households have been surveyed for data collection. For measuring household"s food insecurity HFIAS 9-item questionnaire has been opted. Study shows that household"s food insecurity is positively linked to household"s inability towards food access because of low income and poverty. On the basis of the score obtained from HFIAS the households were categorised into severely, moderately, mildly food insecure and food secure in order to find out the extent of food insecurity. The result reveals that, 24.58% of the sampled households were severely food insecure followed by 30.0% and 24.17% as moderately and mildly food insecure and remaining 21.25% were food secure. Cronbach"s alpha coefficient is used to assess the internal consistency of the tool and rotated principal component factor analysis is used analyse the structural validity of HFIAS. On the basis of the value of Cronbach"s alpha (0.86) the tool displayed a good internal consistency. Factor analysis highlighted two key factors accountable for food insecurity in the study area i.e., insufficient food quality and insufficient food quantity eaten by the members of the households.
Social Change
Food insecurity prevails when the availability of sufficient nutritious and safe food is threaten... more Food insecurity prevails when the availability of sufficient nutritious and safe food is threatened. This article examines conditions in Bundelkhand’s Banda district and analyses the reasons behind the conditions of food insecurity prevalent there. On the basis of household-level primary data, body mass index (BMI) and 24-hour dietary recall (24-HDR) have been used to measure the chronic and transitory dimensions of food insecurity. The overall sex specific prevalence of chronic energy deficiency (CED) shows that both males and females are passing through a critical situation with respect to their nutritional status, with females being more underprivileged. Nearly two-fifths of the households remain hungry and are consuming calories less than the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of 1,890 calories, with wasted children being the biggest sufferers of CED. Persistent drought conditions combined with the unavailability of assured means of irrigation and faulty implementation of gover...
Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment
GeoJournal
Present study examines the current situation of food insecurity in Banda district of Bun-delkhand... more Present study examines the current situation of food insecurity in Banda district of Bun-delkhand region on the basis of measures of food quality and food quantity. Coping strategy index (CSI) and dietary diversity index has been used as qualitative and subjective measures to capture the dimensions of food accessibility and food vulnerability. Dietary pattern has been taken as a quantitative and objective measure to capture the dimension of food availability. The study emphasize on the coping strategies adopted by the households supported by declining dietary status, dietary diversity and meal pattern of the households. Data used for the analysis were obtained from 240 households that were selected from sixteen villages on the basis of multistage stratified random sampling. Study shows that the frequency and intensity of coping strategies opted by the households increases as the intensity of food insecurity within the household increases. The CSI shows high condition of food insecurity and recommends periodic evaluation and monitoring of food insecurity at different time across the year.
Journal of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, 2012
Inspite of being the major source of protein and staple food for the majority of population the p... more Inspite of being the major source of protein and staple food for the majority of population the production of pulses is stagnated at all India level between 12 and 15 million tonnes. It is believed that the demand of pulses will increase upto 20 million tonnes during 2020 A.D. Thus, a need arise to find out the causes for such stagnation and to suggest some remedial measures for increasing the area and production under pulses. The objectives of the present study is to analyze the trend and spatial pattern of area, production and yield of pulses in Eastern Uttar Pradesh during 1990-1992 to 2007-2009, including the regional imbalances in the availability of pulses per head per day in grams on the basis of recommendations given by Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) Hyderabad. Changes in the area and production of pulses are compared to those of major cereals to draw conclusions to ascertain, whether the trend is in the same direction or opposite. Finally, the study concluded that the area (except lentil) and production (except black gram and lentil) of the pulses has been decreased during the study period.
Journal of Geography and Regional Planning, 2012
In the present study the authors have attempted to analyse the condition of food security in the ... more In the present study the authors have attempted to analyse the condition of food security in the Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh at district level. Bundelkhand region has been chosen as a unit of study because it is one of the poorest regions in comparison with western, central and eastern regions of the state and even after being in close proximity to heartland of green revolution (Punjab, Haryana and Western Uttar Pradesh) the region is still backward in agricultural development in India in general. Agriculture is the mainstay of the economy and mostly dependent on monsoonal rainfall. The Bundelkhand is continuously facing drought since last few years and people are migrating for employment. Thus, there is an urgent need to look after the conditions of food security of the people living in this region. The standard statistical techniques have been used for the analysis of data. The study concludes that the condition of food security is unfavourable. Only one district of Jalaun has shown high food security. Majority of the districts are moderate and low food secure because of low food grain availability, low purchasing power of the people, etc. The irrigation facilities are also not well developed leading to low consumption of fertilizer and low productivity of crops. Employment rate, rate of urbanization, storage capacity and number of fair prices shops are also not satisfactory leading to pitiable food security condition in the study area.
Journal of Rural Development
GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY
Present article follow up the recent debates that is being discussed in the country with respect ... more Present article follow up the recent debates that is being discussed in the country with respect to the National Food Security Act – 2013. Present article is based on the secondary sources of information collected through various books, magazines, journals, newspapers, government and non-governmental reports. The purpose of the article is to trace the discussion among various economist, planners, researchers and policy makers in order to analyse whether National food Security Act is a triumph for those who are in desperate need of it (poor and destitute), or a tragedy for those officials speaking against the Act. The main emphasis of the article is to discuss the cost of implementation of NFSA because it was believed that after its implementation it will put heavy burden on the government exchequer due to subsidies provided under it. Article also examines the challenges related to Food Corporation of India with respect to procurement, storage and distribution of foodgrains. Moreove...