Emre Karabacak | Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (original) (raw)
Papers by Emre Karabacak
The Ottoman Empire witnessed significant prison reform efforts during the 19th century, which dre... more The Ottoman Empire witnessed significant prison reform efforts during the 19th century, which drew attention to criminal justice issues and prepared the ground for extensive reforms. Various global, imperial, and local actors demanded the construction and establishment of central prisons in the empire and formulated the contours of these plans. However, despite the aspirations for reform, the Ottoman prison system failed to live up to expectations in terms of implementation and the actual experiences of those incarcerated. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of Ottoman prison reforms during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The Ottoman criminal justice system underwent significant transformation during this period, which led to the modernisation of criminal law and punishment. The state's perspectives on prison reform during this time will be analysed, including the general survey of Ottoman prison reform from the 1850s until the end of the empire. The paper will provide a brief historical overview of the development of modern prisons and criminal justice systems and then delve into the Ottoman prison reforms and their actual impact.
This thesis deals with the influence of the Jadid movement of the Volga Tatars in the formation o... more This thesis deals with the influence of the Jadid movement of the Volga Tatars in the formation of the Ottoman protectionist economic thought. It analyzes the subjects of the economic and cultural history of the Volga Tatars, their intellectual approach to the economic issues shaped around the Jadid movement under the effects of the Russian modernization in the second half of the nineteenth century, and its influence on the development of the Ottoman protectionist economic thought through a Jadidist Volga Tatar intellectual named Akyiğitzade Musa who migrated to the Ottoman Empire in the 1880s. The thesis is consisted of 3 chapters, and in the first chapter, the development of the Jadidist approach to the economic issues is analyzed with the factors which contributed to its development. In the second chapter, the moderniza-tion of the Ottoman economic thought is reviewed until the development of the Ottoman protectionism with the contribution of Akyiğitzade Musa who migrated to the Ottoman Empire when there was a hea-ted debate between the supporters of free trade and protectionism. In the last chapter, the contribution of Akyiğitzade Musa to the Ottoman protectionist thought is examined in the lights of these two chapters.
The Volga Tatars continue to exist in the region as the historical heirs of the Turkic groups who... more The Volga Tatars continue to exist in the region as the historical heirs of the Turkic groups who migrated and settled in the region between Volga and Kama Rivers since the fourth century. The Turkic groups settled down in the region throughout the ages and created a rooted and a developed sedentary lifestyle. Because of the commercial importance of the region, commercial activities had an important place in their culture and this was later inherited by the Turkic group called the Tatars. The Tatars, who came under the Russian rule since the sixteenth century, kept this cultural heritage alive even during the times of oppression and persecution, and thanks to it, they prospered with the end of the oppression period in the second half of the eighteenth century. They produced a bourgeoisie and an intellectual class and experienced a period of economic and cultural development which provided them a power base in t he rapidly changing world of the nineteenth century.
"Economics and Capitalism in the Ottoman Empire" is a scholarly work authored by Deniz Kılınçoğlu... more "Economics and Capitalism in the Ottoman Empire" is a scholarly work authored by Deniz Kılınçoğlu, an Assistant Professor in the Faculty of Economics and AdministrativeSciences at the Northern Cyprus Campus of the Middle East Technical University. Dr Kılınçoğlu's book represents the culmination of his doctoral thesis, which he completed at Princeton University in 2012. Routledge published the book in 2015. The book focuses on the economic ideas that characterized the Hamidian period. Dr Kılınçoğlu's work contributes to the scholarly literature on the Ottoman Empire and is situated within the broader fields of economic history and political economy.
In the second half of the 19th century, the great depression in the Ottoman economy significantly... more In the second half of the 19th century, the great depression in the Ottoman economy significantly influenced the Ottoman intellectuals and statesmen. This collapse has caused their ideas to change. A new understanding of economy emerged out of this change, especially during the reign of Abdulhamid II, and this had a reflection on the educational policies. In this paper, I will discuss the development of the industrial schools and how the education policy was influenced by changes in the economic thought.
Taxes on cigarettes which were first applied in Europe in the 16th century are one of the most im... more Taxes on cigarettes which were first applied in Europe in the 16th century are one of the most important public revenues of the states today. Indirect taxation on the cigarette is important for public policies in three aspects. First of all, heavy taxes applied on the cigarette provide the public sector an important income. Secondly, with the tax increase, reducing the consumption of cigarettes is intended to be decreased. Thirdly, as a Pigovian taxation, external costs are intended to be internalized. The most important feature of the cigarette tax is implemented to decrease the health-care cost due to the smoking-related diseases. In this paper, I am going to try to show the positive correlation between the SCT increases on cigarette and cigarette trafficking.
In the 19 th century, the empire experienced dramatic transformations and changes as a result of ... more In the 19 th century, the empire experienced dramatic transformations and changes as a result of modernization-westernization efforts of the successive bureaucrats and sultans. The empire tried to reform itself to get rid of its backwardness to resist the external and internal challenges to its very existence. Reforms to create a modern state moved on their way with an increasing pace, they effected not only political and social aspects but also economic aspects of the empire. This paper covers the changes in two economic institutions, the right of private property in land and the public debts. These two were the witnesses and the agents of the institutional change as the empire tried to adapt itself to the world system.
The Ottoman Empire witnessed significant prison reform efforts during the 19th century, which dre... more The Ottoman Empire witnessed significant prison reform efforts during the 19th century, which drew attention to criminal justice issues and prepared the ground for extensive reforms. Various global, imperial, and local actors demanded the construction and establishment of central prisons in the empire and formulated the contours of these plans. However, despite the aspirations for reform, the Ottoman prison system failed to live up to expectations in terms of implementation and the actual experiences of those incarcerated. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of Ottoman prison reforms during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The Ottoman criminal justice system underwent significant transformation during this period, which led to the modernisation of criminal law and punishment. The state's perspectives on prison reform during this time will be analysed, including the general survey of Ottoman prison reform from the 1850s until the end of the empire. The paper will provide a brief historical overview of the development of modern prisons and criminal justice systems and then delve into the Ottoman prison reforms and their actual impact.
This thesis deals with the influence of the Jadid movement of the Volga Tatars in the formation o... more This thesis deals with the influence of the Jadid movement of the Volga Tatars in the formation of the Ottoman protectionist economic thought. It analyzes the subjects of the economic and cultural history of the Volga Tatars, their intellectual approach to the economic issues shaped around the Jadid movement under the effects of the Russian modernization in the second half of the nineteenth century, and its influence on the development of the Ottoman protectionist economic thought through a Jadidist Volga Tatar intellectual named Akyiğitzade Musa who migrated to the Ottoman Empire in the 1880s. The thesis is consisted of 3 chapters, and in the first chapter, the development of the Jadidist approach to the economic issues is analyzed with the factors which contributed to its development. In the second chapter, the moderniza-tion of the Ottoman economic thought is reviewed until the development of the Ottoman protectionism with the contribution of Akyiğitzade Musa who migrated to the Ottoman Empire when there was a hea-ted debate between the supporters of free trade and protectionism. In the last chapter, the contribution of Akyiğitzade Musa to the Ottoman protectionist thought is examined in the lights of these two chapters.
The Volga Tatars continue to exist in the region as the historical heirs of the Turkic groups who... more The Volga Tatars continue to exist in the region as the historical heirs of the Turkic groups who migrated and settled in the region between Volga and Kama Rivers since the fourth century. The Turkic groups settled down in the region throughout the ages and created a rooted and a developed sedentary lifestyle. Because of the commercial importance of the region, commercial activities had an important place in their culture and this was later inherited by the Turkic group called the Tatars. The Tatars, who came under the Russian rule since the sixteenth century, kept this cultural heritage alive even during the times of oppression and persecution, and thanks to it, they prospered with the end of the oppression period in the second half of the eighteenth century. They produced a bourgeoisie and an intellectual class and experienced a period of economic and cultural development which provided them a power base in t he rapidly changing world of the nineteenth century.
"Economics and Capitalism in the Ottoman Empire" is a scholarly work authored by Deniz Kılınçoğlu... more "Economics and Capitalism in the Ottoman Empire" is a scholarly work authored by Deniz Kılınçoğlu, an Assistant Professor in the Faculty of Economics and AdministrativeSciences at the Northern Cyprus Campus of the Middle East Technical University. Dr Kılınçoğlu's book represents the culmination of his doctoral thesis, which he completed at Princeton University in 2012. Routledge published the book in 2015. The book focuses on the economic ideas that characterized the Hamidian period. Dr Kılınçoğlu's work contributes to the scholarly literature on the Ottoman Empire and is situated within the broader fields of economic history and political economy.
In the second half of the 19th century, the great depression in the Ottoman economy significantly... more In the second half of the 19th century, the great depression in the Ottoman economy significantly influenced the Ottoman intellectuals and statesmen. This collapse has caused their ideas to change. A new understanding of economy emerged out of this change, especially during the reign of Abdulhamid II, and this had a reflection on the educational policies. In this paper, I will discuss the development of the industrial schools and how the education policy was influenced by changes in the economic thought.
Taxes on cigarettes which were first applied in Europe in the 16th century are one of the most im... more Taxes on cigarettes which were first applied in Europe in the 16th century are one of the most important public revenues of the states today. Indirect taxation on the cigarette is important for public policies in three aspects. First of all, heavy taxes applied on the cigarette provide the public sector an important income. Secondly, with the tax increase, reducing the consumption of cigarettes is intended to be decreased. Thirdly, as a Pigovian taxation, external costs are intended to be internalized. The most important feature of the cigarette tax is implemented to decrease the health-care cost due to the smoking-related diseases. In this paper, I am going to try to show the positive correlation between the SCT increases on cigarette and cigarette trafficking.
In the 19 th century, the empire experienced dramatic transformations and changes as a result of ... more In the 19 th century, the empire experienced dramatic transformations and changes as a result of modernization-westernization efforts of the successive bureaucrats and sultans. The empire tried to reform itself to get rid of its backwardness to resist the external and internal challenges to its very existence. Reforms to create a modern state moved on their way with an increasing pace, they effected not only political and social aspects but also economic aspects of the empire. This paper covers the changes in two economic institutions, the right of private property in land and the public debts. These two were the witnesses and the agents of the institutional change as the empire tried to adapt itself to the world system.