SUDHAKAR POLA | Andhra University (original) (raw)

Papers by SUDHAKAR POLA

Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2016

Myriostacya wightiana is a perennial mangrove grass belongs to Poaceae family, occurs in India, B... more Myriostacya wightiana is a perennial mangrove grass belongs to Poaceae family, occurs in India, Bangladesh and extending to Myanmar, Malaysia and Vietnam. Due to more salinity in its habitat Myriostacya wightiana possess high antioxidant potential. The present study evaluates the phytochemicals, antioxidants and free radical scavenging activities of the Myriostacya wightiana leaf extracts. Specific extraction and estimation methods were used to quantify the phytochemicals and antioxidants. The results of in vitro studies were analysed with Mean ± Standard Deviation (SD) obtained from three independent experiments. Among the phytochemicals flavonoids were found in more concentration. i.e., 416±8.2mg/gm. highest enzymatic antioxidant activity was showed by catalase (32.7±1.555 U/mg protein) whereas lowest activity was showed by peroxidase. Carotenoids occupies the major proportion among the non enzymatic antioxidant i.e., 90.16±0 mg/g and ascorbate has least. Leaf extracts of Myriostacya wightiana shows highest percent of scavenging activity with superoxide radicals (80±6.4%). The present study revealed that Myriostacya wightiana had valuable phytochemicals, antioxidants such as enzymatic and non enzymatic which prevents oxidative damage. Because of these properties Myriostacya wightiana is referred as rich medicinal source

Journal of Nanomaterials, 2017

International Journal of Bioassays, 2016

Centella asiatica is an endemic herbaceous plant with great medicinal value. Medicinal properties... more Centella asiatica is an endemic herbaceous plant with great medicinal value. Medicinal properties of the plant has led to it's over exploitation coupled with inadequate cultivation and unsatisfactory attempts for its replacement, the wild stock of this species has been markedly exhausted and now it is listed as threatened species. Hence, there is an urgent necessitate to safeguard this precious germplasm. Plant tissue culture has proved to be helpful in conserving threatened plant species. In this direction, in the present study, an efficient protocol was developed for callus induction and plantlet regeneration from nodal explants of Centella asiatica. Well-organized plant regeneration was achieved on MS medium containing different concentrations and combinations of growth regulators. MS medium supplemented with 4 mg/ l and NAA in combination with 2 mg/l 2, 4-D proved effective for callus induction, with this combination we achieved a frequency of 92% and BAP 1.5 mg/l and KN 1.5 mg/l was effective for regeneration response.

The enzyme tannase (tannin acyl hydrolase EC 3.1.1.20) produced from Trichoderma viride (MTCC 167... more The enzyme tannase (tannin acyl hydrolase EC 3.1.1.20) produced from Trichoderma viride (MTCC 167), was purified and characterized. Optimal conditions for the production tannase were determined using varying substrate concentrations Fermentation was carried out for 48 h for optimum enzyme production and the properties of the enzyme were investigated. The optimum conditions of temperature and pH were investigated and the effects of nitrogen sources, metal ions and chelator were studied. Tannase exhibited optimum activity at 45°C and at pH of 5.5 urea concentrations higher than 3 M were inhibitory. Increasing concentrations of sodium also led to decrease in activity. Increasing concentrations of EDTA had an inhibitory effect on tannase. Among the nitrogen sources selected ammonium ferrous sulfate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate and ammonium chloride enhanced tannase activity at 0.1% (W/V) concentration.

DNA is the material within every cell of the body and represents the blueprint of life. Although ... more DNA is the material within every cell of the body and represents the blueprint of life. Although the majority of the human genome (the complete set of genes for an individual) is the same across all ethnic populations, people differ in their genetic makeup by a minuscule amount, and thus have their own unique DNA pattern. In forensic science, DNA profiling is used to identify those who have committed a crime and used to find suspects involved in crimes of unsolved cases. Here in our study we have done Amelogenin gene amplification by PCR to gender identity in DNA typing. The polymerase chain reaction, a technique that can amplify large amounts of specific small sequences of DNA from the human genome. Additionally, in VNTR analysis, genomic DNA is digested with restriction enzymes and then run on a gel. The fragments produced are transferred to a membrane and probed with a radiolabeled sequence of DNA that matches the VNTR sequence. The migration of the VNTR fragment on the gel determines their size and generates a pattern. The radiolabeled probe produces dark bands on x-ray film. This analysis has been done for different biological samples like buccal cells, blood, nail, hair and was compared using PCR, RFLP and VNTR.

Sorghum bicolor is one of the most difficult plant species to manipulate for tissue culture and g... more Sorghum bicolor is one of the most difficult plant species to manipulate for tissue culture and genetic transformation; on the other hand Sorghum crop improvement through biotechnology requires efficient plant tissue culture protocols. In the present study a protocol has been optimized for Sorghum callus induction and regeneration from leaf tissue by optimizing the suitable explant, photoperiod and media composition. In Sorghum generally inflorescence tissue was used as explants for initiating callus cultures. Conversely, Sorghum flowering occurs only once in its life time and for few days only, thereby providing a small window of opportunity to provide source material or explant to initiate callus. Hence it is essential to identify a suitable explant, which can be available at any season. In the present study efficient callus induction was achieved on media supplemented in combination with 2 mgl-1 2,4,5-T plus 1 mgl-1 NAA and 0.5 mgl-1 ZN. Among the different combinations and conce...

A novel route for the synthesis of trimethoprim (2,4, diamino 3,4,5 trimethoxy benzyl pyrimidine)... more A novel route for the synthesis of trimethoprim (2,4, diamino 3,4,5 trimethoxy benzyl pyrimidine) using the principles of fermentation technology and organic chemistry. The main steps involved in this novel route of production are enzymatic conversion of natural tannins to gallic acid and enzymatic reduction of 3,4,5, trimethoxy benzoic acid to 3,4,5 trimethoxy benzaldehyde. Tannin from acacia catechu was fermented in a shake flask by trichoderma viride (MTCC 167) for gallic acid production. Conventionally gallic acid is produced by acid hydrolysis of tannin rich substrate but this technology has several disadvantages regarding cost, yield and purity of the product. In this case of enzymatic reduction, 3, 4, 5 trimethoxybezaldehyde is formed by the reduction if 3, 4, 5 trimethoxybezoicacid using NAD oxidaseand benzaldehyde NADP oxidoreductase enzymes from pseudomonas fluorescens-MTCC 103. This enzymatic reduction method is less complex, nonpolluting and does not involve formation of byproducts. On the whole, the various confirmatory test on trimethoprim provided good yields. This novel biocatalytic approach can add new dimensions to the conventional process.

The marine environmental conditions are exceptionally different from terrestrial ones, it is assu... more The marine environmental conditions are exceptionally different from terrestrial ones, it is assumed that marine actinomycetes might produce novel bioactive compounds. Hence marine sediments, collected from the South East coast of Bay of Bengal, were screened 16 isolates were obtained on starchcasein agar media. Preliminary screening was done using crossstreak method against fungal pathogens. The most potent strains were used to extract the antifungal substances. The antifungal activities were performed using agar diffusion method. All of the 16 isolates were active against at least to one of the test organisms. Of these, 5 actinomycetes were active against Pencillium chrysogenum, 3 against Candida albicans, 4 against Aspergillus niger and 3 against Aspergillus flavus, 2 isolates were active against Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 3 isolates against Aspergillus fumigatus, 4 isolates against Geotrichum candidum and finally all isolates showed activity against the fungal phytopathogens.Of all the 16 isolates, five best antagonistic actinomycetes isolates were selected for further studies. All the above isolates were characterized and identified by microscopical and macroscopical observations. Identification of the isolates publicized that all isolates belong to the genus Streptomyces. The results of this investigation revealed that the marine actinomycetes of Bay of Bengal sediments were potent source of novel antibiotics and bioactive compounds. The marine isolate Streptomyces sp. VSBT-501 was found to be more efficient in the production of secondary metabolites. Also further consideration has been paid to study their antifungal properties and their other biologically useful properties.
Keywords: Antifungal activity, Marine Actinomycetes, Streptomyces sp., Cross streak method.

Efficient plant regeneration is a prerequisite for a complete genetic transformation protocol in ... more Efficient plant regeneration is a prerequisite for a complete genetic
transformation protocol in cereals. Aiming this, in the present study, we have
accomplished efficient plant regeneration using mature embryos as a source
material in Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. Although immature inflorescence
and immature embryos are best explant sources for in vitro culture in
Sorghum, however they are available only for a limited period in a year.
Mature embryos have always been ideal for in vitro studies for the reason
that they can be handled easily over other explants and available throughout
the year.
Mature embryo explants of Sorghum bicolor genotypes viz. IS 3566, SPV
475, CSV13, CSV15, CSV112, IS 348 were cultured on MS medium for
efficient callus induction and subsequent plant regeneration. The response of
different combination and concentrations of plant growth regulators were
compared, and factors affecting the mature embryo tissue culture response
were studied in this manuscript. Significant genotypic differentiation was
detected in embryogenic callus induction and plantlet regeneration. Genotype
IS 3566 showed better tissue culture response than the other genotypes.
Efficient embryogenic callus induction was achieved with 2mg l-1 2, 4,5-
Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) and multiple shoot induction was
achieved by manipulation of 6-benzyl adenine (BAP), Thidiazuron (TDZ),
and Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in the culture medium.
Keywords: Sorghum bicolor, embryos, 2, 4,5-T, embryogenic callus,
BAP, TDZ, callus regeneration

A protocol was developed for long-term maintenance of callus cultures, induced from immature embr... more A protocol was developed for long-term maintenance of callus cultures, induced from immature
embryo of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. Maintenance of callus cultures for prolonged duration in a
regenerable state is one of the most important requirements for using in vitro techniques for plant
improvements. In the present study calli were maintained satisfactorily on MS medium over 57 weeks and
plantlets regenerated from them on transfer to light. Immature embryo was used as source material for callus
initiation. The callus cultures were cultured on MS media with 1.5 mg/L of 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic
acid), 10mg/L silver nitrate (AgNo ), 400mg/L casein hydrolysate (CH), 200mg/L L-proline and L-asparagine. 3
After callus initiation cultures were maintained in dark conditions and subcultured for every 3 week intervals.
Greening of callus and regeneration of shoot-buds from callus occurred on transfer to MS media with 2mg/L
BAP + TDZ (Thidiazuron). These shoots grew further in media with both, BAP and TDZ, Rooting of shoots
occurred on media with NAA, the rooted plantlets could be transferred to autoclaved soil. Genetically uniform
plantlets regenerated continuously from established callus upto 57 weeks old; thereby helping in multiplication
and to facilitate the year round availability of explants and/or somatic embryos for Sorghum tissue culture and
transformation.

Developed an efficient in-vitro regeneration system for Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench by using imm... more Developed an efficient in-vitro regeneration system for Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench by
using immature embryo, mature embryo, immature inflorescence and leaf as source material.
2. Developed an Efficient callus induction protocol for Sorghum bicolor
3. Studied the pathway of regeneration system in Sorghum bicolor by using Light and
Scanning electron microscopes.
4. Developed protocol for Somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis for Sorghum bicolor
5. Conducted Histological studies of somatic embryogenesis of immature embryo, mature
embryo, immature inflorescence and leaf disc derived calli of Sorghum bicolor using SEM
6. Studied Diverge Genotype Response of Sorghum bicolor for Multiple Shoot Induction
with immature embryo, mature embryo, immature inflorescence and leaf as source material
of Six Genotypes of Sorghum for their Varied in-vitro Response for Multiple Shoot
Induction.
7. Developed an efficient direct somatic embryogenesis protocol for Sorghum bicolor by using
different explants.
8. Standardized different parameters for long-term maintenance of callus cultures
9. Maintained embryogenic callus for a long period (one year in a regenarable state).
10. Accomplished Agrobacterium mediated genetic transformation of Sorghum bicolor.

Sorghum is a wonder crop from physiological point of view. It is the most important cereal crop, ... more Sorghum is a wonder crop from physiological point of view. It is the most important cereal crop, after rice and wheat. The number of reports describing the use of transgenic Sorghum for basic studies in Biotechnology is still limited when compared to other crops. In one hand, the success of the transformation techniques is mainly dependent upon the availability of optimal protocols for highly efficient tissue culture techniques. On the other hand, regeneration in Sorghum is difficult. Hence, in this study an efficient and reproducible method for in vitro development of embryogenic callus and regeneration in Sorghum bicolor was developed. Immature embryo explants of Sorghum bicolor were cultured on MS nutrient medium supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of auxins and cytokinins. Embryogenic callus was initiated on MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 0.5 mg/l Kinetin (KN). Addition of KN to MS medium containing 2,4-D resulted in a significant enhancement on embryogenesis of the embryos. Amino acids also supported an improved frequency of embryogenesis. Therefore induction of a high frequency of somatic embryogenesis in immature embryos on MS medium is possible. Development of embryogenic callus, induction of somatic embryo and subsequent shoot regeneration was proficient at a concentration of 2 mg/l BAP. The regenerated shoots readily rooted on half strength MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/l naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). The regenerated plantlets were successfully transferred to soil and subsequently plants produced seeds. There was no difference between the acclimatized plants in comparison with in vivo plants in the respect of morphological characters

The effect of combination of benzyl aminopurine (BAP), thidiazuron (TDZ) and indole acetic acid ... more The effect of combination of benzyl aminopurine (BAP), thidiazuron (TDZ) and indole acetic
acid (IAA) was studied on in vitro shoot proliferation from immature embryo explants of
Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, an economically important cereal. Proliferation of multiple
shoots was achieved on MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mgL-1 BAP + 1.5 mgL-1 TDZ +
1.0 mgL-1 IAA + 1000 mgL-1 L-asparagine, L-proline, L-glutamine and serine. Upto 72
plantlets per explant were obtained in the present study. Response of six varieties; IS 3566,
SPV 475, CSV 13, CSV 15, CSV 112 and IS 348 to multiple shoot formation was studied. The
maximum number of shoots were observed in the variety IS 3566. The in vitro proliferated and
elongated shoots were transferred individually to a root induction medium containing 2%
sucrose + 1.0 mgL-1 NAA and within 21 days 162 roots per culture which were produced from
multiple shoots. The regenerated plantlets were transferred to 1:1 soil and vermiculite mixture
and acclimatized with 60 % survival rate. Fully acclimatized plants were grown in garden soil
in greenhouse and their morphological and physiological parameters as similar with seedlings.

Efficient plant regeneration system from leaf disc segments of S o rghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Mo... more Efficient plant regeneration system from leaf disc segments of S o rghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) was
developed. The factors affecting the somatic embryo formation and regeneration capacity of leaf segments of six
genotypes; IS 3566, SPV 475, CSV 13, CSV 15, CAV 112 and IS 348, were investigated. The highest number of
somatic embryos was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 2 mgl-1 2,4,5-T + 1 mgl-1 Zeatin in dark
conditions. Highest frequency of embryogenic callus and somatic embryo formation were observed in IS 3566. The
highest plantlet regeneration was obtained after transfer of embryogenic calli to regeneration medium supplemented
with 2.5 mgl-1 TDZ (14 plantlets per segment). Rooting of shoots was noticed on the NAAmedium. A mean of 30 ±
1.05 root intact plantlets was recovered per explant. The rooted plantlets were well accomplished with a survival
frequency of 96

Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2016

Journal of Nanomaterials, 2017

International Journal of Bioassays, 2016