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Book Reviews by Robert Bates
Near East Archaeological Bulletin, 2017
. In addition, since no harps dating to the pre-Hellenistic period have been attested in ancient ... more . In addition, since no harps dating to the pre-Hellenistic period have been attested in ancient Israel/Palestine, Braun argues that the nēbel is not a harp but a larger type of lyre (pp. 22-24).
Conference Presentations by Robert Bates
This paper presents recent discoveries from Tall Hisban in light of the medieval village resultin... more This paper presents recent discoveries from Tall Hisban in light of the medieval village resulting from the 2016-18 excavation seasons. This preliminary report was presented at the American Schools of Oriental Research Annual Meeting on November 17, 2018 in Denver, CO.
Annual Meeting of the Society of Biblical Literature, Midwestern Region, 2018
Tall Jalul is the largest Iron Age site in Transjordan with two monumental features; a large rese... more Tall Jalul is the largest Iron Age site in Transjordan with two monumental features; a large reservoir and two roads leading into the city. The roads were found on the eastern slope of the site in Field B with the upper road 1.5-2.0 m above an earlier lower road. Both roads date to the Iron Age but their size and scale suggest that a sophisticated socio-political system was needed to support their construction.
The purpose of this paper is to present the recent excavation on the roads at Tall Jalul and discuss its implications for un derstanding the Iron Age city.
Annual Meeting of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 2017
In 1992 and 1994 two Iron Age roads were uncovered in Field B at Tall Jalul, Jordan. Large sectio... more In 1992 and 1994 two Iron Age roads were uncovered in Field B at Tall Jalul, Jordan. Large sections of the western side of the “upper road” were found relatively close to the surface and it was dated to the Late Iron Age 2 period. A “lower road” was found on the eastern side, 1.5-2.0 m below the area where the upper road had been robbed out. A revetment wall was also found below the upper road abutting the lower road. In the preparation for the final publication of Field B, it was discovered that there was inadequate ceramic evidence to support the initial dating of the upper and lower roads. Additional ceramic evidence was needed to determine the nature of the interval between the construction of the two roads.
The purpose of this paper is to present the results of the 2016-17 excavation seasons in which the upper road and lower roads were removed in Squares B2 and B6 in order to clarify the stratigraphy between the roads and provide a firm date for the construction of these pavements. Preliminary results suggest that the revetment wall was not built in conjunction with the lower road but was added latter. A clear ceramic sequence can now be reported.
Near East Archaeological Society Meeting, 2015
This paper explores the recent discoveries from the 2011-2015 excavations at Khirbet Ataruz in Tr... more This paper explores the recent discoveries from the 2011-2015 excavations at Khirbet Ataruz in Transjordan. According to the Mesha Stele, this site was built by the Omride dynasty for the Gadites. It includes a cultic complex with a temple, multiple altars, a sacred cistern and possible high places. Numerous cultic objects were found including a smashed bull statue, libation bowl with bull motifs, several model shrines, cult stands and various offerings. In addition, a bull head was found carved or plastered on the wall of the cistern.
Annual Meeting of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 2012
For the last five seasons, excavations at Khirbet 'Ataruz, Jordan, have uncovered a series of bui... more For the last five seasons, excavations at Khirbet 'Ataruz, Jordan, have uncovered a series of buildings connected by common walls. They appear to have housed a sacred cistern, a hearth room, a central shrine/ temple, storage rooms and as well as other outlying structures. Together, they resemble a cultic complex. Initial excavation revealed numerous objects within the central shrine/temple building. Fragments of model shrines, ceramic vessels, shells, and an in situ standing stone suggest that this building was the center of significant cultic activity. Among these cultic pieces were several unusual artifacts including an Egyptian bronze piece with decorative ureaus. What were these artifacts used for? Were they offerings or did they serve another religious function? The purpose of this paper is to establish the historical and cultural context of the cultic artifacts in the shrine/temple at Khirbet Ataruz and recreate the sacred space as it would have been envisioned during Iron Age II. A reconstructed model will identify the current hypothesis regarding where the artifacts would have been placed within the main sanctuary at Khirbet 'Ataruz
Annual Meeting of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 2012
Near East Archaeological Bulletin, 2017
. In addition, since no harps dating to the pre-Hellenistic period have been attested in ancient ... more . In addition, since no harps dating to the pre-Hellenistic period have been attested in ancient Israel/Palestine, Braun argues that the nēbel is not a harp but a larger type of lyre (pp. 22-24).
This paper presents recent discoveries from Tall Hisban in light of the medieval village resultin... more This paper presents recent discoveries from Tall Hisban in light of the medieval village resulting from the 2016-18 excavation seasons. This preliminary report was presented at the American Schools of Oriental Research Annual Meeting on November 17, 2018 in Denver, CO.
Annual Meeting of the Society of Biblical Literature, Midwestern Region, 2018
Tall Jalul is the largest Iron Age site in Transjordan with two monumental features; a large rese... more Tall Jalul is the largest Iron Age site in Transjordan with two monumental features; a large reservoir and two roads leading into the city. The roads were found on the eastern slope of the site in Field B with the upper road 1.5-2.0 m above an earlier lower road. Both roads date to the Iron Age but their size and scale suggest that a sophisticated socio-political system was needed to support their construction.
The purpose of this paper is to present the recent excavation on the roads at Tall Jalul and discuss its implications for un derstanding the Iron Age city.
Annual Meeting of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 2017
In 1992 and 1994 two Iron Age roads were uncovered in Field B at Tall Jalul, Jordan. Large sectio... more In 1992 and 1994 two Iron Age roads were uncovered in Field B at Tall Jalul, Jordan. Large sections of the western side of the “upper road” were found relatively close to the surface and it was dated to the Late Iron Age 2 period. A “lower road” was found on the eastern side, 1.5-2.0 m below the area where the upper road had been robbed out. A revetment wall was also found below the upper road abutting the lower road. In the preparation for the final publication of Field B, it was discovered that there was inadequate ceramic evidence to support the initial dating of the upper and lower roads. Additional ceramic evidence was needed to determine the nature of the interval between the construction of the two roads.
The purpose of this paper is to present the results of the 2016-17 excavation seasons in which the upper road and lower roads were removed in Squares B2 and B6 in order to clarify the stratigraphy between the roads and provide a firm date for the construction of these pavements. Preliminary results suggest that the revetment wall was not built in conjunction with the lower road but was added latter. A clear ceramic sequence can now be reported.
Near East Archaeological Society Meeting, 2015
This paper explores the recent discoveries from the 2011-2015 excavations at Khirbet Ataruz in Tr... more This paper explores the recent discoveries from the 2011-2015 excavations at Khirbet Ataruz in Transjordan. According to the Mesha Stele, this site was built by the Omride dynasty for the Gadites. It includes a cultic complex with a temple, multiple altars, a sacred cistern and possible high places. Numerous cultic objects were found including a smashed bull statue, libation bowl with bull motifs, several model shrines, cult stands and various offerings. In addition, a bull head was found carved or plastered on the wall of the cistern.
Annual Meeting of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 2012
For the last five seasons, excavations at Khirbet 'Ataruz, Jordan, have uncovered a series of bui... more For the last five seasons, excavations at Khirbet 'Ataruz, Jordan, have uncovered a series of buildings connected by common walls. They appear to have housed a sacred cistern, a hearth room, a central shrine/ temple, storage rooms and as well as other outlying structures. Together, they resemble a cultic complex. Initial excavation revealed numerous objects within the central shrine/temple building. Fragments of model shrines, ceramic vessels, shells, and an in situ standing stone suggest that this building was the center of significant cultic activity. Among these cultic pieces were several unusual artifacts including an Egyptian bronze piece with decorative ureaus. What were these artifacts used for? Were they offerings or did they serve another religious function? The purpose of this paper is to establish the historical and cultural context of the cultic artifacts in the shrine/temple at Khirbet Ataruz and recreate the sacred space as it would have been envisioned during Iron Age II. A reconstructed model will identify the current hypothesis regarding where the artifacts would have been placed within the main sanctuary at Khirbet 'Ataruz
Annual Meeting of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 2012
Annual Meeting of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 2011
Annual Meeting of the American Schools of Oriental Research at New Orleans, LA, 2009
During the 2008 excavation a storage jar was excavated in Field A at Tall al-Umayri, Jordan. Some... more During the 2008 excavation a storage jar was excavated in Field A at Tall al-Umayri, Jordan. Some of the pottery sherds from the jar had a substance embedded into its fabric resembling "vitrification" sometimes referred to by archaeologists as glassification. Many archaeologist see this as a result of a ceramic shed being superheated to the point that it vitrifies and resembles glass. However, experiments carried out to account for this phenomenon suggest that the glassy appearance found on some ceramic vessels may take place during the initial firing of the pot and not as a result of conflagration.
Annual Meeting of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 2008
Annual Meeting of the American Schools of Oriental Research at Philadelphia, PA, 2005
ATG/39/82. Simple grave, 1. 0 . 90 m., Sq. L 14, 2 . 50 M. below surface. Adult skeleton, tightly... more ATG/39/82. Simple grave, 1. 0 . 90 m., Sq. L 14, 2 . 50 M. below surface. Adult skeleton, tightly flexed, on left side, orientated N. x S., head facing west. With it a vase of drab clay, Type 103b, ht. 0 . 125 m., ATP/39/21 ; 3 jugs, all of Type 60, reddish clay
Annual Meeting of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 2004
The purpose of this poster is to demonstrate how to scan a cut diagnostic sherd directly into Pho... more The purpose of this poster is to demonstrate how to scan a cut diagnostic sherd directly into Photoshop, draw the sherd profile, scale the object and draw in the lines for a pottery plate. In addition, a 1:1 copy and a color copy of the ceramic profile with its inclusions are saved for later research. This eliminates the inking and scaling process of earlier methods.
Annual Meeting of the American Schools of Oriental Research in Atlanta, GA, 2003
In 2000 an Egyptian seal was excavated from Field E at Tall Jalul, Jordan. The seal, unlike any o... more In 2000 an Egyptian seal was excavated from Field E at Tall Jalul, Jordan. The seal, unlike any other found in the region, consists of one large vertical Egyptian hieroglyph and six smaller Egyptian hieroglyphs arranged in a tight vertical column. Literally translated it reads "Amun-Re, Re of the two lands" but parallels found in two temples built during the reigns of Rameses III and Rameses IV suggested that it should be translated as "Amun-Re the Primordial One." This translation has implications for understanding the relationship between the god Amun-Re and the Egyptian creation myth during the 12-10th century BCE.
Penn State University Press eBooks, Mar 22, 2022
Andrews University Seminary Studies (AUSS), 2003
Penn State University Press eBooks, Mar 22, 2022
The 2016 and 2017 seasons of excavation at Tall Jalul were conducted in May and June 2016 and Jun... more The 2016 and 2017 seasons of excavation at Tall Jalul were conducted in May and June 2016 and June and July 2017 by faculty and students from Andrews University. The excavations were directed by Paul Gregor, along with co-directors Constance Gane and Paul Ray
The 2006 Season at Tall al-‘Umayri and Subsequent Studies, 2022
Please honor the copyright of this document by not duplicating or distributing additional copies ... more Please honor the copyright of this document by not duplicating or distributing additional copies in any form without the author’s express written permission. Thanks for your cooperation. Andrews University
The incidence rate of measles cases in Indonesia is still high at 3.20/1000 population in 2016 wh... more The incidence rate of measles cases in Indonesia is still high at 3.20/1000 population in 2016 while the national target is 0/1000 population. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between vaccination status and laboratory serology test results of IgM measles. The research design used case control, data obtained from secondary data from C1 sheet 2016 Cirebon regency. Samples in this study were 60 positive IgM cases and 34 negative IgM controls that had met inclusion and exclusion criteria. The research instrument uses a document sheet of secondary data of individual measles cases with documentation techniques in data collection. Data analysis using chi square test. Measles vaccination status was not related to serological laboratory test results of IgM (p value = 0.161, OR = 2.124; 95% CI = 0.849-5.315). There was no association between measles vaccination status and serologic laboratory serology test result.
A DICTIONARY OF MIDDLE EGYPTIAN FOR STUDENTS OF BIBLICAL ARCHAEOLOGY AND OLD TESTAMENT STUDIES
Journal of Research in International Education, 2008
Journal of Islamic Archaeology, 2017
During the 2013 and 2014 excavation seasons, a cache of complete ceramic vessels was recovered fr... more During the 2013 and 2014 excavation seasons, a cache of complete ceramic vessels was recovered from a stone-outlined pit sealed by domestic building collapse at the site of Tall Ḥisbān, a Mamluk-era rural site in central Jordan. Among the finds were two whole, handless stonepaste jars of the late 14th century—an extremely rare find in Bilād al-Shām—along with a small, handless handmade jar containing a gelatinous residue. Valuable not only for the stratigraphic association of a local coarse ware (of previously unclear chronology) with datable imports, the pit provides the opportunity to explore the realities of site abandonment in a rural setting and the communal experience associated with it. The following study presents the results of recent residue analysis of these jars, as interpreted by the unique conditions of the jars’ deposition and against the backdrop the emerging picture of the household economy of medieval Ḥisbān, its food systems, and the fast rise and slow decline of the village in the 14th through the 16th centuries CE. In the process, this essay suggests ways in which rural communities in southern Syria were transformed on the eve of the Ottoman conquest.
The ancient ruins of Khirbat ‘Ataruz are perched on a ridge overlooking the Dead Sea above the Wa... more The ancient ruins of Khirbat ‘Ataruz are perched on a ridge overlooking the Dead Sea above the Wadi Zarqa Main on the north, and the Wadi Sayl Haydan on the south. It is located 24 km south of the town of Madaba, 10 km west of the village Libb and 3 km east of the ancient site of Machaerus, in Jordan (Fig. 1).1 This site once stood at a crossroads where the ancient roads coming from the Dead Sea, the Wadi Sayl Haydan and the town of Madaba met. During the summers of 2011-2012, a small team of eight archaeologists, students, and volunteers along with eighteen Jordanian workers from the Beni-Hamida region of Jordan continued excavations2 at Khirbat ‘Ataruz under the direction of Chang-Ho Ji of La Sierra University (Fig. 2). This project was excavated with the cooperation of the Institute of Archaeology at Andrews University.3
Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan 59: 399-410, 2018
