Görkem Kökdemir | Ankara University (original) (raw)

Papers by Görkem Kökdemir

A marble figured table support currently displayed in Ankara, Anatolian Civilizations Museum with... more A marble figured table support currently displayed in Ankara, Anatolian Civilizations Museum with the
inventory number of 11064, was found in 1948 in Ankara, Ulus- Soğukkuyu location around the structure
specified as “The Small Bathhouse (Küçük Hamam) during excavations held by Hamit Zübeyr Koşay. The
year it was found, during the administration of Nuri Gökçe as the director of the Museum, the artifact was
delivered to the Anatolian Civilizations Museum. When the artifact was found the central figure on the
table leg was defined as a “King” in newspaper articles, and as a “Hunter” in the archaeological literature.
Moreover, the aforementioned artifact was assessed under different dates by researchers. For the first
time, the table leg found in Ankyra which is unique among its like due to its subject, figures, and setting
background, will be analyzed stylistically and typologically with a new approach in detail in this work. It
will be discussed whether this unique artifact, which depicts A young male figure together with three dogs
attacking a wild boar, illustrates a mythological scene or not concerning its iconographic characteristics.
Furthermore, the suggested dating for this artifact will be re-evaluated with regard to its stylistic features
comprehensively for the first time.

Vitruvius III.2.6: Hermogenes, Menesthes, and the Pseudodipteros Temple of Apollo (?) Roman arch... more Vitruvius III.2.6: Hermogenes, Menesthes, and the Pseudodipteros Temple of Apollo (?)

Roman architect Vitruvius’ “De architectura libri decem” mirrors architectural-engineering history and
theories of the Classical Ages of the Mediterranean Basin that reached the present day and it has definitely taken
its place in the literature as the most comprehensive study. Vitruvius mentions Hermogenes in his work for the
first time in the 3rd book where that chapter subjects to temple plans and their examples (III. 2.6): “huius exemplar
Romae non est sed│Magnesiae (aedis) Dianae Hermogenis, Alabandis etiam Apollinis a Menesthe facta ”. He
quoted Hermogenes’ name when he was talking about pseudodipteros temples plans that did not exist in Rome
and counted merely two of it. One of these temples is the Temple of Artemis, mentioned in the chapter where
Hermogenes’ name is quoted. The temple is referred as his work in later chapters. Vitruvius states that the
second pseudodipteros temple is dedicated to Apollo. Chapter III.2.6 of his book is one of the most significant
chapters that carry the problematic of Hermogenes to the current literature. Outside of Rome, it is futile to discuss
the presence of two pseudodipteros temples on the text which Vitruvius knew and reported. However, he
mentioned the names of Alabanda (?) and Menesthes (?) that brings a significant discussion and some questions with
it: Where is Hermogenes from? Apart from the Temple of Artemis, where is the Temple of Apollo, the second
pseudodipteros temple? Who built it? This study brings a new perspective by evaluating all previous discussions
and interpretations until the present day.

Abstract: The importance of the cults of Apollo and Artemis as Magnesia's outstanding and of majo... more Abstract: The importance of the cults of Apollo and Artemis as Magnesia's outstanding and of major priority for Magnesia revealed as a result of many studies about the subject and has become conclusive. However along with these cults; there are some evidences to show the importance of the cult of Athena for the city as much as these cults. In this study, the possible existence and importance of the cult of Athena in the city and worship in which appellation are discussed by collecting all the datas about the cult in Magnesia. Furthermore, the presence of the festivals of "Panathenaia" consecrated to the goddess in Magnesia like the festivals of "Great Panathenaia" in Athens is examined. Also, for the first time, new evolutions and claims about the identity of female head found in the area of the theater of the city which is thought important for the cult of Athena and probably belongs to a statue located in Istanbul Archeology Museums (Inv. No. 446) are made.

The artifact delivered to the Museum of Ankara Anatolian Civilizations in 2017 and known as "mono... more The artifact delivered to the Museum of Ankara Anatolian Civilizations in 2017 and known as "monopodia" in the archaeology literature is similar to other artifacts of notable craftsmanship and preservation exhibited as table supports. The artifact belongs to the Roman Period, as identifiable by comparison with examples reflecting the aesthetic perspective of the lifestyle of Roman Period in Anatolia which favored luxury furniture. The allegoric and syncretic way of representing the chosen figures along the front of the table support is informative, relating this example to other marble table supports of the same period from the areas of Anatolia, Aegean Islands, and Ancient Greece, and also the broader region of the Mediterranean Sea.

In excavations between 1890-1893, an important inscription about foundation myth of the city (kti... more In excavations between 1890-1893, an important inscription about foundation myth of the city (ktisis) and the founder of the city, Leukippos (ktistes) and shows the relationship between Magnesia and the main city Magnesia in Thessaly, the short term residence of Magnesians in Cretan and their migration from there to Anatolia was founded. It is possible to find supplementary information about this migration stated in this inscription and the establishment of the city in the antique sources and documents. Also the scenes found on the coins of Magnesia and which reflects the different details about the foundation myth of the city and its founder hero, the details found on the statues in Magnesia are among these supplementary archaeological foundings. Within this framework, the migration movements of Magnets, who were also mentioned in Homer’s Iliad, from Thessaly to Cretan and from
there to Anatolia and the foundation legend of new city with the Apollo’s prophecy in West Anatolia will be focused with the historical, epigraphic and archaeological data with new perspectives.

In 18th and 19th century the archeological studies conducted in Anatolia accelerated. These studi... more In 18th and 19th century the archeological studies conducted in Anatolia accelerated. These studies predominantly
carried out by European researchers. In addition to the studies a limited number of studies carried out in Anatolia
on behalf of Ottoman Empire by Müze-i Hümayun. Doubtlessly, these studies laid to the foundation of Turkish
archeology. Osman Hamdi Bey who participated to these studies and also worked as a manager in Müze-i Hümayun
took his valuable place in history like his contemporaries Halil Edhem Bey and Theodoros Makridi. Besides these
names there is a less known person whose name hardly mentioned in the studies. This person put his marks on several
studies in Anatolia on behalf of Müze-i Hümayun in years between 1880-1895, made important explorations, brought
many artifacs to Müze-i Hümayun and named as Demosthenes Baltazzi ( 1836-1896). Levantin origin Demosthenes
who is a member of Baltazzi family worked as assistant manager of Asar-i Atika in Vilayet of Aydın until 1892. After
1892 he worked as a researcher of Müze-i Hümayun in Istanbul. Except from his studies coordinated by European
researchers and worked as an excavation inspector he also personally conducted Hypaipa and Sayda excavations.
He also did two separate excavations in different seasons in province of Aydın, Germencik in Magnesia on the
Meander . In following study the chronology of Baltazzi attempted to create by data released. Moreover, the studies
of this valuable person who is very important for Anatolia archeology and was hided behind the curtains of history
about Magnesia and artifacts he had found were attempted to introduce for the first time in this study.

Magnesia ad Maeandrum, ancient city today exists in borders of city of Aydın, Germencik Town, Ort... more Magnesia ad Maeandrum, ancient city today exists in borders of city of Aydın, Germencik Town, Ortaklar Quarter, Tekinköy. The latest period’s excavations were started in the city by Prof. Dr. Orhan Bingöl and the excavation and restoration works have been carried out constantly by Bingol’s team nearly 30 years till now. Magnesia and the ruins in the city, as they were mentioned in Emre Madran’s article named as“19. Yüzyıl Gezi Yapıtlarında Batı Anadolu Arkeolojisi” like other West Anatolian ancient cities, have been point of interest of researchers coming from Europe since 18th century. Magnesia, which has hosted lots of researchers, travelers in their studies after its discovery, has let the excavations of English, French and German researchers to be done except from the ones that had been carried out for Ottoman Empire. In this article, Magnesia’s 300 years research studies are tried to be listed in a chronological order in the light of current documents.

www.aktuelarkeoloji.com.tr

Tüm metnin yayım hakkı saklıdır. Tanıtım için yapılacak kısa alıntılar dışında editörün yazılı iz... more Tüm metnin yayım hakkı saklıdır. Tanıtım için yapılacak kısa alıntılar dışında editörün yazılı izni olmaksızın hiçbir yolla çoğaltılamaz.

Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi, Arkeoloji Bölümü'nün resmi yayın organıdır. Yılda bir kez (Kasım... more Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi, Arkeoloji Bölümü'nün resmi yayın organıdır. Yılda bir kez (Kasım) basılan hakemli bir dergidir. Bu dergide yayınlanan makalelerin içeriği tamamen yazarların sorumluluğundadır.

Although the sacrificial tables standing in the courtyards of the Great Altar at Pergamon and Art... more Although the sacrificial tables standing in the courtyards of the Great Altar at Pergamon and Artemis Altars at Ephesos and Magnesia are dated to the Hellenistic period, some features observed in the anthemion decorations of these tables indicate that these tables might belong to the Augustan period. This paper examines the stylistic features of the anthemion decorations with other comparable materials dated to the Augustan period from other cities.

Books by Görkem Kökdemir

Conference Presentations by Görkem Kökdemir

ATHENS-ASCSA, BEYOND THE NORTHERN AEGEAN Architectural Interactions across Northern Greece, Macedonia, Thrace, and the Pontic Regions in the late Classical and Hellenistic Periods, 2023

Magnesia was founded in today Aydın-Germencik Province in ancient Anatolia at the beginning of th... more Magnesia was founded in today Aydın-Germencik Province in ancient Anatolia at the beginning of the 4th century BC, the most effective period of the ancient Macedonian Kingdom.
It is clear that Magnesia was established in a strategic position with its location between the cities of Tralleis, Ephesus and Miletus for the Phillipos' and Alexandros' campaigns against the Persians.
In this study, the historical and strategic relationship between the Macedonian Kingdom and also the mythological and historical relations between the North Aegean Regions like Thessalia and Thracia in the light of the archaeological and historical evidence.

42. Uluslararası Kazı, Araştırma ve Arkeometri Sempozyumu, 2022

Vitruvius III.2.6: Hermogenes, Menesthes, and the Pseudodipteros Temple of Apollo (?) Roman arch... more Vitruvius III.2.6: Hermogenes, Menesthes, and the Pseudodipteros Temple of Apollo (?)

www.aktuelarkeoloji.com.tr

ATHENS-ASCSA, BEYOND THE NORTHERN AEGEAN Architectural Interactions across Northern Greece, Macedonia, Thrace, and the Pontic Regions in the late Classical and Hellenistic Periods, 2023

42. Uluslararası Kazı, Araştırma ve Arkeometri Sempozyumu, 2022

Büyük Menderes Vadisi ve Çevresi Arkeolojik Kazı ve Araştırmaları, 2022

METU TALKS77 - ARCHITECTURAL HISTORY FALL 2021-22 January 2022, 2022

HERMOGENES AND HELLENISTIC-ROMAN TEMPLE BUILDING IN GREECE AND ASIA MINOR: MESSON-TEOS-MAGNESIA-SARDIS SATURDAY, MARCH 26, 2022 PENN MUSEUM, WIDENER LECTURE HALL , 2022

ArkeolojiHaber, 2021

Magnesia Kazı ve Araştırmalarının Dünü, Bugünü ve Yarını 30 December 2021

The Temple of Artemis – a masterpiece of the famous Hellenistic architect Hermogenes – is conside... more The Temple of Artemis – a masterpiece of the famous Hellenistic architect Hermogenes – is considered one of the most important structures of Magnesia on the Meander and of the architectural history of Anatolia. There have been many studies on the temple and Hermogenes, and again many were produced on the date of the temple, its architecture and the active years of its architect. Along with the Temple of Artemis, many structures of Magnesia were associated with Hermogenes and dated to the late 3rd century and 2nd century BC. Among them is the Propylon situated on the Eastern Stoa of Agora, between Artemision of Magnesia and the Agora. As a consequence of its attribution to Hermogenes it is dated to the 2nd century BC by scholars.
Following excavations from 1993 until 2004, the architecture of the Propylon, its technical features and its craftsmanship were re-examined. The new findings differ considerably from the results published by Carl Humann in 1890–1893 and revealed unknown or wrong features of the structure. The paper will also discuss the question whether the building was constructed in 2nd century BC under the influence of Hermogenes or in the Augustan period under the influence of another famous architect of the time, Vitruvius.

The Magnesia was named as “Magnesia ad Maeandrum” in ancient times in order not to be confused by... more The Magnesia was named as “Magnesia ad Maeandrum” in ancient times in order not to be confused by the other Magnesia that is stated at the foothill of Syplos Mountain. As it is in all ancient cities in Anatolia, Magnesia on the Meander also has a foundation myth and a hero who leaded the migration to Anatolia to establish a city there. In excavations between 1890 and 1893 an important inscription that shows the relationship between Magnesia and the main city Magnesia in Thessaly, the short term residence of Magnesians in Cretan and their migration from there to Anatolia was founded. It is possible to find supplementary information about this migration stated in this inscription and the establishment of the city in the antique sources and documents. Also the images found on the coins of Magnesia and which reflects the different details about the foundation myth of the city and its creator hero, the details found on the architectural sculptures and statues in Magnesia are among these supplementary archaeological findings. Within this framework, the migration movements of Magnets, who were also mentioned in Homer’s Iliad, from Thessaly to Cretan and from there to Anatolia and the foundation legend of new city with the Apollon’s prophecy in West Anatolia will be focused with the historical, epigraphic and archaeological data with new perspectives.