Dilek Sarıtaş Atalar | Ankara University (original) (raw)
Papers by Dilek Sarıtaş Atalar
DTCF Dergisi , 2017
Bu derleme çalışmasının amacı, erken çocukluk döneminde, çocuklarının duygusal ve sosyal yetkinli... more Bu derleme çalışmasının amacı, erken çocukluk döneminde, çocuklarının duygusal ve sosyal yetkinlik kazanmalarında önemli rolü olan ana babaların duygu sosyalleştirme uygulamalarını incelemektir. Duygu sosyalleştirme, ana babaların kendi duygularını ifade etme şekilleri, çocukları ile duygular hakkında konuşma ve çocuklarının olumsuz duygularına gösterdikleri tepkiler olmak üzere üç farklı şekilde gerçekleşmektedir. Özellikle ana babaların çocuklarının olumsuz duygularına gösterdikleri tepkiler, alan yazında önemle ele alınan bir konudur. Bu tepkiler, destekleyici ve destekleyici olmayan tepkiler şeklinde iki kategoriye ayrılmışlardır. Destekleyici ana babalar, çocuklarının olumsuz duygularını onlarla yakınlaşmak için fırsat olarak görürler ve bu duygularla baş etmeleri konusunda onlara rehberlik ederler. Aksine, destekleyici olmayan ana babalar ise, olumsuz duyguları tehdit olarak görürler ve kendilerinin ve çocuklarının bu duygulardan bir an önce kurtulması gerektiğine inanırlar. Ana babaların kendi duyguları ile baş etme yöntemleri, psikolojik sağlıkları, kişilik özellikleri ve evlilik doyumları, alan yazında sınırlı çalışmada yer verilen, ancak ana babaların duygu sosyalleştirme uygulamalarını doğrudan şekillendiren önemli faktörlerdir. Duygu sosyalleştirme uygulamalarının daha iyi anlaşılabilmesi için, bu faktörlerin göz önünde bulundurulması önemlidir. Duygu sosyalleştirme üzerine yapılan araştırmalar, sosyal ve duygusal gelişim sürecinde genelde annelerin etkisine odaklanmaktadır. Babaların çocuklarının sosyal ve duygusal gelişimlerine katkılarını, babalardan elde edilen veriler doğrultusunda inceleyen çalışmalar ise sayıca yetersizdir. Ayrıca, bulgular, duygu sosyalleştirme uygulamalarının, çocukların mizacına göre biçimlendirildiğini ve bu nedenle benzer uygulamaların farklı mizaç özelliklerine sahip çocuklar üzerinde farklı etkileri olabileceğini ortaya koymaktadır.
The aim of this review is to examine parents' emotion socialization practices, which play an important role in the emotional and social competence of their children during early childhood. Emotional socialization occurs in three ways: parents' expression of their own feelings, discussion about emotions with their children, and parents' reactions to their children's negative emotions. In particular, parents' responses to their children's negative emotions are an issue that is strongly discussed in the literature. These responses are divided into two categories: supportive and non-supportive responses. Supportive parents see their children's negative emotions as an opportunity to approach and guide them to cope with these feelings. By contrast, non-supportive parents see negative feelings as a threat and believe that they and their children should be rescued from these feelings as soon as possible. The ways parents cope with their own emotions, their psychological health, personality traits and marital satisfaction are important factors that directly shape parents' emotional socialization practices, which are included in the limited studies in the literature. It is important to consider these factors in order to better comprehend emotion socialization. Emotional socialization research mainly focuses on the infuence of mothers in the process of their children's social and emotional development. The studies that examine fathers' contributions to their children's social and emotional development are limited. Further, ndings reveal that emotional socialization practices are shaped according to the temperament of children and therefore, similar practices may have different effects on children with different temperament.
The aim of this study was to explore the mediating role of early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) in th... more The aim of this study was to explore the mediating role of early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) in the relationship between perceived maternal rejection during childhood and current psychological problems, such as anxiety and depression, in Turkish university students. EMSs were categorized according to 3 schema domains; impaired limits-exaggerated standards, disconnection-rejection, and impaired autonomy-other directedness. The study included 266 undergraduate university students (188 female and 78 male) aged 18-27 years. All the participants were administered the Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form 3 (YSQ-SF3), Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-T), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire (Adult PARQ: Mother). Disconnection-rejection schema domain mediated the relationship between perceived maternal rejection during childhood and anxiety, but not depression. Furthermore, impaired autonomy-other directedness schema domain mediated the relationship between perceived maternal rejection, and both anxiety and depression. The present findings facilitate greater understanding of the possible mechanisms by which perceived maternal rejection during childhood might affect adult psychology. Furthermore, representations of the self that are internalized during childhood are centrally connected to psychological adjustment later in life; therefore, an understanding of these internalized representations may be important for developing targeted interventions and prevention strategies for those that have experienced maternal rejection.
Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi, 2011
Bu araştırmanın amacı, annelerin kendi duygu düzenleme güçlükleri ve çocuk yetiştirme davranışlar... more Bu araştırmanın amacı, annelerin kendi duygu düzenleme güçlükleri ve çocuk yetiştirme davranışlarının, ergenlerin duygu düzenleme güçlükleri ile ilişkisini araştırmaktır. Bununla birlikte, ergen ve anne beyanına göre ergenlerin duygu düzenleme güçlükleri karşılaştırılarak farklı kaynaklardan bilgi edinmenin önemi de araştırılacaktır. Yöntem: Araştırmada, lise 1. sınıf öğrencisi olan 595 ergen ile 365 anne yer almıştır. Ergenler için oluşturulan anket bataryasında, Duygu Düzenlemede Güçlükler Ölçeği ve annelerini değerlendirmek üzere Çocuk Yetiştirme Davranışları Ölçeği yer almaktadır. Anneler için oluşturulan anket bataryasında ise kendileri ve çocukları için dolduracakları Duygu Düzenlemede Güçlükler Ölçeği bulunmaktadır. Sonuçlar: Genel olarak bulgular, anneleri duygu düzenlemede yüksek
düzeyde güçlük yaşayan ergenlerin, anneleri düşük düzeyde güçlük yaşayan ergenlere kıyasla duygu düzenlemede daha fazla güçlük yaşadıklarını göstermiştir. Algılanan çocuk yetiştirme davranışları dikkate alındığında, annelerini baskın-otoriter algılayan ergenlerin, annelerini gelişime izin verici algılayan
ergenlere kıyasla duygu düzenlemeleri konusunda daha fazla güçlük yaşadıkları bulunmuştur. Tartışma: Araştırma bulguları, annelerin çocuklarının duygusal sıkıntıları konusunda farkındalıklarının artması gerektiğine işaret etmektedir.
Journal of Cognitive and Behavioral Psychotherapies, 2011
The aim of this study was to explore the psychometric properties of the Young Schema Questionnair... more The aim of this study was to explore the psychometric properties of the Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form 3 (YSQ-SF3) among Turkish adolescents. A total of 356 high school students (198 females and 158 males) whose ages ranged between 15 and 18 participated in the study, and were administered the YSQ-SF3, the Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-T), the Trait Anger Inventory (ANGT), and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). Higher-order factor analysis run using the original 18 Early maladaptive Schemas (EMSs) revealed three internally consistent higher-order factors (i.e., schema domains) which were named Impaired Limits-Exaggerated Standards, Disconnection-Rejection, and Impaired Autonomy-Other Directedness. Concurrent validity analyses indicated that even after controlling for the effects of positive and negative affect, the Impaired Limits-Exaggerated Standards schema domain was significantly associated with anger, while Disconnection-Rejection and Impaired Autonomy-Other Directedness schema domains were significantly associated with anxiety. Findings are discussed in line with the literature.
Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2012
The aim of the present study was to examine discrepancies between Turkish mothers’ and adolescent... more The aim of the present study was to examine discrepancies between Turkish mothers’ and adolescents’ reports in terms of adolescents’ difficulties in emotion regulation. In addition, the
mediating role of mothers’ own emotion regulation difficulties between mothers’ psychological symptoms and the discrepancy on reports of adolescents’ difficulties in emotion regulation was examined. Method: A total of 595 first-year high school students (300 females and 295 males) whose ages ranged between 14 and 17 years participated in the study. In addition, 365 mothers (61.34%) completed the questionnaires. Mean age of mothers was 41.86 years (standard deviation = 5.02) ranging from
32 to 61 years. Results: The results revealed that adolescents tended to report higher levels of difficulties in emotion regulation for themselves as compared with mothers’ report, and girls reported more difficulties for their emotion regulation than boys. It was also found that mothers’ own emotion regulation difficulties mediated the relation between mothers’ psychological symptoms and discrepancy on reports of adolescents’ emotion regulation difficulties. Conclusions: Mothers may be less likely to endorse their children’s emotion regulation difficulties since they cannot observe various aspects of their children’s emotion regulation. On the other hand, the mothers’ perception of their children’s emotion regulation could be affected from their own emotion regulation difficulties, which could be a result of their psychological problems.
Journal of Adolescence, 2013
Maternal hostility/rejection and warmth were considered as potential mediators of the relation be... more Maternal hostility/rejection and warmth were considered as potential mediators of the relation between mothers’ and adolescents’ emotion regulation. Participants were first-year
high school students living in Ankara, Turkey and their mothers (N ¼ 365). Scales assessing emotion regulation difficulties and maternal hostility/rejection and warmth were administered to both the adolescents and their mothers. Maternal hostility/ rejection, but not warmth, mediated the relation between maternal and adolescent emotion regulation. For girls there was, additionally, a direct effect of maternal emotion regulation. The different roles played by parental rejection and parental warmth in the development of adolescents’ emotion regulation accord with arguments that socialization occurs in different domains
and that rejection and warmth are not aspects of the same domain.
Turkish Journal of Psychiatry
The aim of this study was to explore the mediating role of early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) in th... more The aim of this study was to explore the mediating role of early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) in the relationship between perceived maternal rejection during childhood and current psychological problems, such as anxiety and depression, in Turkish university students. EMSs were categorized according to 3 schema domains; impaired limits-exaggerated standards, disconnection-rejection, and impaired autonomy-other directedness. Materials and Methods: The study included 266 undergraduate university students (188 female and 78 male) aged 18-27 years. All the participants were administered the Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form 3 (YSQ-SF3), Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-T), Beck Depression Inventory
(BDI), and Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire (Adult PARQ: Mother). Results: Disconnection-rejection schema domain mediated the relationship between perceived maternal rejection during childhood and anxiety, but not depression. Furthermore, impaired autonomy-other directedness schema domain mediated the relationship between perceived maternal rejection, and both anxiety and depression. Conclusion: The present findings facilitate greater understanding of the possible mechanisms by which perceived maternal rejection during childhood
might affect adult psychology. Furthermore, representations of the self that are internalized during childhood are centrally connected to psychological adjustment later in life; therefore, an understanding of these internalized representations may be important for developing targeted interventions and prevention strategies for those that have experienced maternal rejection.
European Journal of Psychological Assessment
The aim of the present study was to explore the psychometric properties of the Difficulties in Em... more The aim of the present study was to explore the psychometric properties of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS)
among Turkish adolescents. A total of 595 high school students (300 females and 295 males) whose ages ranged between 14 and 17 years participated in the study, and were administered the DERS, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), and the Childhood Depression Inventory (CDI). Confirmatory factor analyses supported the six-factor structure of the DERS among adolescents. In addition, results indicated sound internal consistency as well as concurrent validity. It is concluded that the DERS is a valid age-appropriate measure for investigating
emotion regulation difficulties in adolescents.
Books by Dilek Sarıtaş Atalar
Book Chapters by Dilek Sarıtaş Atalar
Psikolojik Sağlığımızı Nasıl Koruruz? I: Yetişkinlik ve Yaşlılık
Wellbeing in Children and Families
DTCF Dergisi , 2017
Bu derleme çalışmasının amacı, erken çocukluk döneminde, çocuklarının duygusal ve sosyal yetkinli... more Bu derleme çalışmasının amacı, erken çocukluk döneminde, çocuklarının duygusal ve sosyal yetkinlik kazanmalarında önemli rolü olan ana babaların duygu sosyalleştirme uygulamalarını incelemektir. Duygu sosyalleştirme, ana babaların kendi duygularını ifade etme şekilleri, çocukları ile duygular hakkında konuşma ve çocuklarının olumsuz duygularına gösterdikleri tepkiler olmak üzere üç farklı şekilde gerçekleşmektedir. Özellikle ana babaların çocuklarının olumsuz duygularına gösterdikleri tepkiler, alan yazında önemle ele alınan bir konudur. Bu tepkiler, destekleyici ve destekleyici olmayan tepkiler şeklinde iki kategoriye ayrılmışlardır. Destekleyici ana babalar, çocuklarının olumsuz duygularını onlarla yakınlaşmak için fırsat olarak görürler ve bu duygularla baş etmeleri konusunda onlara rehberlik ederler. Aksine, destekleyici olmayan ana babalar ise, olumsuz duyguları tehdit olarak görürler ve kendilerinin ve çocuklarının bu duygulardan bir an önce kurtulması gerektiğine inanırlar. Ana babaların kendi duyguları ile baş etme yöntemleri, psikolojik sağlıkları, kişilik özellikleri ve evlilik doyumları, alan yazında sınırlı çalışmada yer verilen, ancak ana babaların duygu sosyalleştirme uygulamalarını doğrudan şekillendiren önemli faktörlerdir. Duygu sosyalleştirme uygulamalarının daha iyi anlaşılabilmesi için, bu faktörlerin göz önünde bulundurulması önemlidir. Duygu sosyalleştirme üzerine yapılan araştırmalar, sosyal ve duygusal gelişim sürecinde genelde annelerin etkisine odaklanmaktadır. Babaların çocuklarının sosyal ve duygusal gelişimlerine katkılarını, babalardan elde edilen veriler doğrultusunda inceleyen çalışmalar ise sayıca yetersizdir. Ayrıca, bulgular, duygu sosyalleştirme uygulamalarının, çocukların mizacına göre biçimlendirildiğini ve bu nedenle benzer uygulamaların farklı mizaç özelliklerine sahip çocuklar üzerinde farklı etkileri olabileceğini ortaya koymaktadır.
The aim of this review is to examine parents' emotion socialization practices, which play an important role in the emotional and social competence of their children during early childhood. Emotional socialization occurs in three ways: parents' expression of their own feelings, discussion about emotions with their children, and parents' reactions to their children's negative emotions. In particular, parents' responses to their children's negative emotions are an issue that is strongly discussed in the literature. These responses are divided into two categories: supportive and non-supportive responses. Supportive parents see their children's negative emotions as an opportunity to approach and guide them to cope with these feelings. By contrast, non-supportive parents see negative feelings as a threat and believe that they and their children should be rescued from these feelings as soon as possible. The ways parents cope with their own emotions, their psychological health, personality traits and marital satisfaction are important factors that directly shape parents' emotional socialization practices, which are included in the limited studies in the literature. It is important to consider these factors in order to better comprehend emotion socialization. Emotional socialization research mainly focuses on the infuence of mothers in the process of their children's social and emotional development. The studies that examine fathers' contributions to their children's social and emotional development are limited. Further, ndings reveal that emotional socialization practices are shaped according to the temperament of children and therefore, similar practices may have different effects on children with different temperament.
The aim of this study was to explore the mediating role of early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) in th... more The aim of this study was to explore the mediating role of early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) in the relationship between perceived maternal rejection during childhood and current psychological problems, such as anxiety and depression, in Turkish university students. EMSs were categorized according to 3 schema domains; impaired limits-exaggerated standards, disconnection-rejection, and impaired autonomy-other directedness. The study included 266 undergraduate university students (188 female and 78 male) aged 18-27 years. All the participants were administered the Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form 3 (YSQ-SF3), Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-T), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire (Adult PARQ: Mother). Disconnection-rejection schema domain mediated the relationship between perceived maternal rejection during childhood and anxiety, but not depression. Furthermore, impaired autonomy-other directedness schema domain mediated the relationship between perceived maternal rejection, and both anxiety and depression. The present findings facilitate greater understanding of the possible mechanisms by which perceived maternal rejection during childhood might affect adult psychology. Furthermore, representations of the self that are internalized during childhood are centrally connected to psychological adjustment later in life; therefore, an understanding of these internalized representations may be important for developing targeted interventions and prevention strategies for those that have experienced maternal rejection.
Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi, 2011
Bu araştırmanın amacı, annelerin kendi duygu düzenleme güçlükleri ve çocuk yetiştirme davranışlar... more Bu araştırmanın amacı, annelerin kendi duygu düzenleme güçlükleri ve çocuk yetiştirme davranışlarının, ergenlerin duygu düzenleme güçlükleri ile ilişkisini araştırmaktır. Bununla birlikte, ergen ve anne beyanına göre ergenlerin duygu düzenleme güçlükleri karşılaştırılarak farklı kaynaklardan bilgi edinmenin önemi de araştırılacaktır. Yöntem: Araştırmada, lise 1. sınıf öğrencisi olan 595 ergen ile 365 anne yer almıştır. Ergenler için oluşturulan anket bataryasında, Duygu Düzenlemede Güçlükler Ölçeği ve annelerini değerlendirmek üzere Çocuk Yetiştirme Davranışları Ölçeği yer almaktadır. Anneler için oluşturulan anket bataryasında ise kendileri ve çocukları için dolduracakları Duygu Düzenlemede Güçlükler Ölçeği bulunmaktadır. Sonuçlar: Genel olarak bulgular, anneleri duygu düzenlemede yüksek
düzeyde güçlük yaşayan ergenlerin, anneleri düşük düzeyde güçlük yaşayan ergenlere kıyasla duygu düzenlemede daha fazla güçlük yaşadıklarını göstermiştir. Algılanan çocuk yetiştirme davranışları dikkate alındığında, annelerini baskın-otoriter algılayan ergenlerin, annelerini gelişime izin verici algılayan
ergenlere kıyasla duygu düzenlemeleri konusunda daha fazla güçlük yaşadıkları bulunmuştur. Tartışma: Araştırma bulguları, annelerin çocuklarının duygusal sıkıntıları konusunda farkındalıklarının artması gerektiğine işaret etmektedir.
Journal of Cognitive and Behavioral Psychotherapies, 2011
The aim of this study was to explore the psychometric properties of the Young Schema Questionnair... more The aim of this study was to explore the psychometric properties of the Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form 3 (YSQ-SF3) among Turkish adolescents. A total of 356 high school students (198 females and 158 males) whose ages ranged between 15 and 18 participated in the study, and were administered the YSQ-SF3, the Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-T), the Trait Anger Inventory (ANGT), and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). Higher-order factor analysis run using the original 18 Early maladaptive Schemas (EMSs) revealed three internally consistent higher-order factors (i.e., schema domains) which were named Impaired Limits-Exaggerated Standards, Disconnection-Rejection, and Impaired Autonomy-Other Directedness. Concurrent validity analyses indicated that even after controlling for the effects of positive and negative affect, the Impaired Limits-Exaggerated Standards schema domain was significantly associated with anger, while Disconnection-Rejection and Impaired Autonomy-Other Directedness schema domains were significantly associated with anxiety. Findings are discussed in line with the literature.
Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2012
The aim of the present study was to examine discrepancies between Turkish mothers’ and adolescent... more The aim of the present study was to examine discrepancies between Turkish mothers’ and adolescents’ reports in terms of adolescents’ difficulties in emotion regulation. In addition, the
mediating role of mothers’ own emotion regulation difficulties between mothers’ psychological symptoms and the discrepancy on reports of adolescents’ difficulties in emotion regulation was examined. Method: A total of 595 first-year high school students (300 females and 295 males) whose ages ranged between 14 and 17 years participated in the study. In addition, 365 mothers (61.34%) completed the questionnaires. Mean age of mothers was 41.86 years (standard deviation = 5.02) ranging from
32 to 61 years. Results: The results revealed that adolescents tended to report higher levels of difficulties in emotion regulation for themselves as compared with mothers’ report, and girls reported more difficulties for their emotion regulation than boys. It was also found that mothers’ own emotion regulation difficulties mediated the relation between mothers’ psychological symptoms and discrepancy on reports of adolescents’ emotion regulation difficulties. Conclusions: Mothers may be less likely to endorse their children’s emotion regulation difficulties since they cannot observe various aspects of their children’s emotion regulation. On the other hand, the mothers’ perception of their children’s emotion regulation could be affected from their own emotion regulation difficulties, which could be a result of their psychological problems.
Journal of Adolescence, 2013
Maternal hostility/rejection and warmth were considered as potential mediators of the relation be... more Maternal hostility/rejection and warmth were considered as potential mediators of the relation between mothers’ and adolescents’ emotion regulation. Participants were first-year
high school students living in Ankara, Turkey and their mothers (N ¼ 365). Scales assessing emotion regulation difficulties and maternal hostility/rejection and warmth were administered to both the adolescents and their mothers. Maternal hostility/ rejection, but not warmth, mediated the relation between maternal and adolescent emotion regulation. For girls there was, additionally, a direct effect of maternal emotion regulation. The different roles played by parental rejection and parental warmth in the development of adolescents’ emotion regulation accord with arguments that socialization occurs in different domains
and that rejection and warmth are not aspects of the same domain.
Turkish Journal of Psychiatry
The aim of this study was to explore the mediating role of early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) in th... more The aim of this study was to explore the mediating role of early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) in the relationship between perceived maternal rejection during childhood and current psychological problems, such as anxiety and depression, in Turkish university students. EMSs were categorized according to 3 schema domains; impaired limits-exaggerated standards, disconnection-rejection, and impaired autonomy-other directedness. Materials and Methods: The study included 266 undergraduate university students (188 female and 78 male) aged 18-27 years. All the participants were administered the Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form 3 (YSQ-SF3), Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-T), Beck Depression Inventory
(BDI), and Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire (Adult PARQ: Mother). Results: Disconnection-rejection schema domain mediated the relationship between perceived maternal rejection during childhood and anxiety, but not depression. Furthermore, impaired autonomy-other directedness schema domain mediated the relationship between perceived maternal rejection, and both anxiety and depression. Conclusion: The present findings facilitate greater understanding of the possible mechanisms by which perceived maternal rejection during childhood
might affect adult psychology. Furthermore, representations of the self that are internalized during childhood are centrally connected to psychological adjustment later in life; therefore, an understanding of these internalized representations may be important for developing targeted interventions and prevention strategies for those that have experienced maternal rejection.
European Journal of Psychological Assessment
The aim of the present study was to explore the psychometric properties of the Difficulties in Em... more The aim of the present study was to explore the psychometric properties of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS)
among Turkish adolescents. A total of 595 high school students (300 females and 295 males) whose ages ranged between 14 and 17 years participated in the study, and were administered the DERS, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), and the Childhood Depression Inventory (CDI). Confirmatory factor analyses supported the six-factor structure of the DERS among adolescents. In addition, results indicated sound internal consistency as well as concurrent validity. It is concluded that the DERS is a valid age-appropriate measure for investigating
emotion regulation difficulties in adolescents.
Psikolojik Sağlığımızı Nasıl Koruruz? I: Yetişkinlik ve Yaşlılık
Wellbeing in Children and Families