Tarek El-Shennawy - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Tarek El-Shennawy

Detection, localization, and classification of power quality disturbances using discrete wavelet ... more Detection, localization, and classification of power quality disturbances using discrete wavelet transform technique

Third International Conference on New Trends in Sustainable Energy, 2022

In industrial processes, waste heat cannot be avoided and is normally rejected to the atmosphere.... more In industrial processes, waste heat cannot be
avoided and is normally rejected to the atmosphere. This waste
heat or part of it can be recovered using Waste Heat Recovery
(WHR) methods. One of these methods, known as Waste Heat to
Power (WHP), is to transform this heat into mechanical energy
using turbines, or further, to use this mechanical power to
generate electricity. Unfortunately, most of the waste heat in
industrial facilities is of low temperature (< 200°C), which is not
practical for use in a normal steam turbine. The Organic
Rankine Cycle (ORC) is similar to the steam cycle but uses an
organic fluid (such as Freon) instead of steam as a working fluid.
The main difference is the low boiling temperature of the organic
fluid. In this paper, an ORC unit is suggested for utilizing the
excess steam from a boiler in a petroleum refinery, with a flow
rate of 15 Tons/hour, a pressure of 4.5 bar and a temperature of
180°C. The expected generated electric power is 1750 kW or
equivalently, 14,000,000 kWh of electrical energy annually.
Environmental analysis shows that such unit will reduce the CO2
emissions as a result of not generating this amount of energy
using traditional methods by approximately 7000 Ton annually.
The organic fluid should not be one of the Green House Gases
(GHG) nor should it be of high Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP).
Financial analysis shows that the unit will cost approximately 4.8
Million USD and based on a tariff of 0.08 $/kWh, the payback
period is 4 years. Both perspectives show that the ORC
technology is an attractive solution for industries seeking for
utilizing their waste heat to generate power, hence, decreasing
their energy bills and contributing to reduce CO2 emissions,
combat global warming and climate change.

12th International Conference on The Role Of Engineering Towards A Better Environment (RETBE’21), 2021

Egypt's energy strategy aims to increase the share of renewable energy (hydropower, solar and win... more Egypt's energy strategy aims to increase the share of renewable energy (hydropower, solar and wind) of the electric energy mix to 20% by 2022 and to 42% by 2035. By the end of 2021, this share was only 12%. Although Egypt is blessed by huge potential for renewables, yet its utilization faces several challenges.: 1) Removing electrical energy subsides and applying energy efficiency measures resulted in a slow increase in the demand from 29 GW in 2016 to 32 GW in 2020, and the generated energy increased from 186 TWh to 200 TWh. 2) The installed capacity increased during the same period from 39 GW to 60 GW, thus, plans to add new generation (including renewables) will slow down. 3) Recent natural gas discoveries will lead to increased reliance on gas-fueled power plants instead of renewables. 4) High capital costs of renewables makes the investment unattractive, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. 5) Agreements with the Russian government to build nuclear power plant with 4.8 GW installed capacity will decelerate renewables. 6) The share of hydropower plants which was almost constant during the previous 50 years at 2.8 GW with generated energy of 15 TWh, will decline during the filling period of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) and the total share of renewables (including hydropower) will decrease in the total energy mix. In conclusion, an updated energy strategy should be adopted to tackle these challenges and to achieve the country's renewable energy targets and ambitious.

Voltage sags are voltage reduction events, followed by restoration of the normal supply condition... more Voltage sags are voltage reduction events, followed by restoration of the normal supply conditions after a short duration. Induction Motors (IMs) constitute a large portion of the loads in industrial power systems. The loss of their service in a continuous process plant (like a refinery) may result in a costly shutdown. The basic observed effects of voltage sags on induction motors are speed loss and current and torque transients associated with both voltage reduction and recovery. This paper will focus on the response of the IMs to various parameters of voltage sags; including magnitude, duration, effect of pre-sag voltage, loading percentage, point on the wave of sag occurrence, source harmonics, and three-phase unbalance. Other objectives of this study are to investigate the motors ride through capability during different types of voltage sags, and to establish guidelines for adjusting the protection relays of the IMs. The industrial electrical distribution system of Alexandria National Refining and Petrochemicals Co. (ANRPC) is taken as a case study to investigate such effects through computer simulations using the MATLAB/SIMULINK toolbox. Validity of the simulations is verified by actual performance.

3rd International Conference on Chemical, Energy and Environmental Engineering (ICCEEE), 2021

The building sector plays a pivotal role in achieving the climate goals of Paris Agreement to lim... more The building sector plays a pivotal role in achieving the climate goals of Paris Agreement to limit global warming below 1.5°C or 2°C by 2100. Buildings are responsible for almost one third of energy consumption and 40% of CO2 emissions worldwide. Almost 90% of the building stock was built when there was neither awareness of the climate change challenges nor energy efficiency regulations. In order to achieve the goals of energy efficiency and CO2 emission reductions from the building sector, major retrofits are required. In many cases, there is no sufficient budget to finance most of the EEMs, and a decision support tool is required to help the decision maker to prioritize such measures. Normally, financial indices like payback time (PBT) or net present value (NPV) or internal rate of return (IRR) are used to prioritize EEMs. Such indices lack important information concerning the quantity of saved energy or the amount of reduced CO2 emissions. In this context, we propose the use of any of the following two alternative indices to prioritize EEMs taking into consideration the energy / environmental viewpoint with respect to the invested money; The Energy Saving Index (kWh saved/$ spent) where projects with the highest kWh saved/$ spent are preferred, and the Emission Reduction Index (kg CO2 reduced/$ spent) where projects with the highest CO2 reduction/$ spent are preferred. A company with multi-office buildings in Alexandria, Egypt, is taken as a case study to examine the effectiveness of the proposed indices in prioritizing the suggested EEMs.

Journal of Engineering, 2013

Approximately 40% of global CO2 emissions are emitted from electricity generation through the com... more Approximately 40% of global CO2 emissions are emitted from electricity generation through the combustion of fossil fuels to generate heat needed to power steam turbines. Burning these fuels results in the production of carbon dioxide (CO2)-the primary heat-trapping, "greenhouse gas" responsible for global warming. Applying smart electric grid technologies can potentially reduce CO2 emissions. Electric grid comprises three major sectors: generation, transmission and distribution grid, and consumption. Smart generation includes the use of renewable energy sources (wind, solar, or hydropower). Smart transmission and distribution relies on optimizing the existing assets of overhead transmission lines, underground cables, transformers, and substations such that minimum generating capacities are required in the future. Smart consumption will depend on the use of more efficient equipment like energy-saving lighting lamps, enabling smart homes and hybrid plug-in electric vehicles technologies. A special interest is given to the Egyptian case study. Main opportunities for Egypt include generating electricity from wind and solar energy sources and its geographical location that makes it a perfect center for interconnecting electrical systems from the Nile basin, North Africa, Gulf, and Europe. Challenges include shortage of investments, absence of political will, aging of transmission and distribution infrastructure, and lack of consumer awareness for power utilization.

International Journal of Energy Science and Engineering, 2017

Egypt, as a developing country, suffers an energy crisis manifested by limited energy resources a... more Egypt, as a developing country, suffers an energy crisis manifested by limited energy resources and increasing demand. This crisis is anticipated to worse in next few years due to the fast developments in major sectors of the country, including the building sector. The existing building stock in Egypt consumes more than 60% of the electrical energy. Improving the energy performance in buildings can be done by retrofitting the building envelope, using more efficient energy-using equipment such as lighting and air conditioners, using renewable energy sources, and altering the occupants' behavior concerning energy usage. In this paper, a quick, easy-to-implement procedure is proposed for implementation in existing office buildings. The procedure combines both economic and environmental aspects of energy conservation methods and prioritize them, along with the solution economics, energy saving and environmental benefits. An office building in Alexandria, Egypt, is taken as a case study to illustrate the effectiveness of the procedure. The results are easily presented to the decision makers. The procedure can be applied to most non-residential buildings. A national action plan is required immediately to be implemented in Egypt seeking for energy conservation actions in the existing building sector, which can save energy, decrease fuel imports to operate power plants, decrease the need to build new power plants, decrease the associated carbon dioxide emissions and improve the overall economic situation of the country.

Euro-Mediterranean Journal for Environmental Integration, 2020

Energy-related CO2 emissions increased to a global peak of 33 Gt in 2019, resulting in an unprece... more Energy-related CO2 emissions increased to a global peak of 33 Gt in 2019, resulting in an unprecedented level of "Global Warming". Egypt emitted 250 million tons of CO2 in 2018, thereby ranking 27th among the countries of the world in terms of energy-related CO2 emissions. Approximately 40% of CO2 emissions in Egypt originate from the electricity generation sector, which is predominately dependent on oil and gas (90%), followed by renewables (10%; solar, wind and hydroelectric). To achieve its development goals, Egypt plans to build new power plants with a total generating capacity of 30 gigawatts (GW). Added to the current generating capacity of Egypt's power plants (60 GW), the new power plants will enable electricity generating capacities to reach approximately 90 GW by 2030. Egypt has three scenarios to achieve this goal. In the first scenario, a diversified energy mix scenario, dependence on oil and gas will be decreased in favor of a more diversified energy mix of coal, nuclear power, in addition to renewables and hydro. The second scenario, a fossil fuel-based scenario, is based on recent discoveries of proven natural gas reserves, possibly shifting Egypt's vision towards more dependence on natural gas, as well as renewables, nuclear and hydro. These two scenarios might lead to increased amounts of released CO2 into the atmosphere. Here we suggest a third scenario, the environmentally friendly scenario or the green scenario, in which more dependence is placed on renewables, hydro and nuclear power, in addition to natural gas, with no coal in the suggested energy mix. In this article, we analyze CO2 emissions derived from electricity generation under these three futuristic scenarios. The results of our comparison show that building new power plants will lead to CO2 emissions of 307, 330 and 128 million tons (Mt), respectively, according to the first, second and third scenario, respectively, compared to the current 100 Mt of emissions. These results clearly demonstrate that the third (green) scenario is the only scenario that allows the country to build new power plants to achieve its goals of development while only slightly increasing the amount of CO2 emissions. In addition, this scenario may be incorporated into the Nationally Determined Contributions ratified by Egypt in the Paris Agreement to limit global warming.

American Journal of Applied Sciences, 2009

Problem statement: Process continuity of industrial plants (like a refinery) is subjected to seve... more Problem statement: Process continuity of industrial plants (like a refinery) is subjected to several shutdowns due to voltage sags causing large induction motors to trip, either by undervoltage or by overcurrent relays, sometimes by the mechanical protection. These unplanned shutdowns cost the plant tens of thousands of dollars per shutdown in addition to material damage costs, restart charges and any penalties due to delay in product delivery and shipping. Approach: The behavior of induction motors during voltage sags was investigated. In addition to the well-known parameters of voltage sags (time and duration), other parameters such as three-phase unbalance, point on the wave of sag occurrence, harmonics, loading percentage and pre-sag voltage were also examined through computer simulations using the MATLAB/SIMULINK toolbox. Motors' ride-through capability during sags was also studied and guidelines for adjusting the protection relays of the induction motors were highlighted. Results: Results showed that response of induction motor to voltage sags is dependant on sag characteristics, as well as motor and load parameters. Three-phase voltage sags and sags occurring at zero crossing were the most severe events. Transient currents occurring at the instants of voltage sag and voltage recovery are directly proportional to the voltage drop, not to the remaining voltage magnitude. Transient currents and torques induced at the instant of sag recovery are higher than those induced at the instant of sag occurrence. Lightly-loaded motors and motors operated at voltages higher than the nominal voltage are less affected by voltage sags. Conclusion: Manufacturers of induction motors impose strict protection settings to protect their machines from any possible damage. However, the starting process of the motor inherits starting currents and torques much higher than those occurring during voltage sags. Readjusting of the protection relay settings especially the undervoltage relay may be adequate to counteract voltage sags. No conditioning equipment was required.

... Page 6. MAHMOUD A. EL-GAMMAL, AMR Y. ABOU-GHAZALA, TAREK I. EL-SHENNAWY / ELEKTRIKA, 11(2), 2... more ... Page 6. MAHMOUD A. EL-GAMMAL, AMR Y. ABOU-GHAZALA, TAREK I. EL-SHENNAWY / ELEKTRIKA, 11(2), 2009, 34-39 ... 2007, Barcelona, Spain, pp. 1-6. [12] J. Kyei, R. Ayyanar, GT Heydt, R. Thallam, and J. Blevins, “The design of power acceptability curves”, IEEE Trans. ...

Modern spectral and harmonic analysis is based on Fourier based transforms. However, these techni... more Modern spectral and harmonic analysis is based on Fourier based transforms. However, these techniques are less efficient in tracking the signal dynamics for transient disturbances. Consequently, The wavelet transform has been introduced as an adaptable technique for non-stationary signal analysis. Although the application of wavelets in the area of power engineering is still relatively new, it is evolving very rapidly. The application of the wavelet transform in detection, time localization, and classification of power quality disturbances is investigated and a new identification procedure is presented. Different power quality disturbances will be classified by a unique energy distribution pattern based on the difference of the discrete wavelet coefficients of the analyzed signal and a pure sine wave. Verification of the proposed algorithm was done by simulating different disturbances and analyzing the results.

... Vlo a d Page 11. 128 Tarek El-Shennawy, Mahmoud El-Gammal, Amr Abou-Ghazala and AbdelMonem Mo... more ... Vlo a d Page 11. 128 Tarek El-Shennawy, Mahmoud El-Gammal, Amr Abou-Ghazala and AbdelMonem Moussa Figure 12: Voltage swell 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 ... MD, Osama Samarah Department of Radiology Faculty of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan Abstract ...