Subductions, obduction and collision in the Lesser Caucasus (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia), new insights (original) (raw)

none 10.1144/SP340.14 Geological Society of London Geological Society of London 1881 44557467 65091 2024072310090300476 10.1144 2024-07-23T22:01:17Z 2010-09-14T18:17:53Z 125 Geological Society, London, Special Publications SP 0305-8719 2041-4927 09 14 2010 01 2010 340 1 Subductions, obduction and collision in the Lesser Caucasus (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia), new insights M. Sosson Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, OCA-UMR Géosciences Azur, 250 rue A. Einstein, Valbonne, France Y. Rolland Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, OCA-UMR Géosciences Azur, 250 rue A. Einstein, Valbonne, France C. Müller 6 bis rue Haute 92500 Rueil Malmaison, France T. Danelian Université de Lille, Laboratoire Géosystèmes, FRE 3298, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq cedex, France R. Melkonyan Institute of Geological Sciences, Armenian Academy of Sciences, 24 Baghramian ave, Yerevan, Armenia S. Kekelia Institute of Geology, 1 M. Alexidze Street, 0193, Tbilisi, Georgia S. Adamia Institute of Geophysics, 1 M. Alexidze Street, 0193, Tbilisi, Georgia V. Babazadeh University of Baku, Baku, Azerbaijan T. Kangarli Geological Institute of Azerbaijan, Geotectonics and Geodynamics, H.Javid Av., 29A, Baku AZ1143 Baku Azerbaijan A. Avagyan Institute of Geological Sciences, Armenian Academy of Sciences, 24 Baghramian ave, Yerevan, Armenia G. Galoyan Institute of Geological Sciences, Armenian Academy of Sciences, 24 Baghramian ave, Yerevan, Armenia J. Mosar University of Friburg, Earth Sciences, Friburg, Switzerland Abstract In the Lesser Caucasus three main domains are distinguished from SW to NE: (1) the autochthonous South Armenian Block (SAB), a Gondwana-derived terrane; (2) the ophiolitic Sevan–Akera suture zone; and (3) the Eurasian plate. Based on our field work, new stratigraphical, petrological, geochemical and geochronological data combined with previous data we present new insights on the subduction, obduction and collision processes recorded in the Lesser Caucasus. Two subductions are clearly identified, one related to the Neotethys subduction beneath the Eurasian margin and one intra-oceanic (SSZ) responsible for the opening of a back-arc basin which corresponds to the ophiolites of the Lesser Caucasus. The obduction occurred during the Late Coniacian to Santonian and is responsible for the widespread ophiolitic nappe outcrop in front of the suture zone. Following the subduction of oceanic lithosphere remnants under Eurasia, the collision of the SAB with Eurasia started during the Paleocene, producing 1) folding of ophiolites, arc and Upper Cretaceous formations (Transcaucasus massif to Karabakh); 2) thrusting toward SW; and 3) a foreland basin in front of the belt. Upper–Middle Eocene series unconformably cover the three domains. From Eocene to Miocene as a result of the Arabian plate collision with the SAB to the South, southward propagation of shortening featured by folding and thrusting occurred all along the belt. These deformations are sealed by a thick sequence of unconformable Miocene to Quaternary clastic and volcanic rocks of debated origin. 09 03 2010 01 2010 329 352 10.1144/SP340.14 https://doi.org/10.15223/policy-002 10.1144/SP340.14 https://www.lyellcollection.org/doi/10.1144/SP340.14 https://www.lyellcollection.org/doi/pdf/10.1144/SP340.14 https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/1704/chapter/107556990/subductions-obduction-and-collision-in-the-lesser https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/UrlRedirectHandler.ashx?routename=books&chapterdoi=10.1144/SP340.14&request=chapter Proceedings, Geological Institute Academy of Sciences, Georgia, new series Abesadze M. 135 1127 2002 Structure and development of the Loki salient of the Transcaucasus Abesadze M., Adamia Sh., Chkhotua T., Tsimakuridze G., Shavishvili I.Structure and development of the Loki salient of the TranscaucasusProceedings, Geological Institute Academy of Sciences, Georgia, new series20021127135145(in Russian) Geology and the Minerals (Ores) of the North-Eastern Coast of Sevan Lake Abovyan S. B. 1961 Abovyan S. B.Geology and the Minerals (Ores) of the North-Eastern Coast of Sevan Lake1961YerevanIzdatelstvo NAS Arm. SSR(in Russian) Proceedings of the Geological Institute of Academy of Sciences of Georgia, new series Adamia S. 1 16 1968 Pre-Jurassic formations of the Caucasus Adamia S.Pre-Jurassic formations of the CaucasusProceedings of the Geological Institute of Academy of Sciences of Georgia, new series1968161295(in Russian) Tectonika I metallogenia Kavkaza Adamia S. 3 1984 Adamia S., Otkhmezuri Z. V.Prealpine basement of the Caucasus – composition, structure, and formationTectonika I metallogenia Kavkaza198486TbilisiMetsniereba3104 10.1016/0040-1951(77)90065-8 10.1016/0191-8141(81)90043-2 IGCP Newsletter Adamia S. 5 5 1983 Pre-variscan and variscan granitoids of the Caucasus Adamia S., Kekelia M., Tsimakuridze G.Pre-variscan and variscan granitoids of the CaucasusIGCP Newsletter19835510 Pre-Variscan and Variscan Events in the Alpine–Mediterranean Mountain Belts Adamia S. 23 1987 Adamia S., Belov A., Kekelia M., Shavishvili I., Flugel H. W., Sassi F. P., Grecula P.Paleozoic tectonic development of the Caucasus and Turkey (Geotraverse C)Pre-Variscan and Variscan Events in the Alpine–Mediterranean Mountain Belts1987Alfa BratislavaMineralia Slovaca2350 Proceedings of Reports of the Second Regional Petrographic Symposium on Caucasus Aghamalyan V. A. 109 1978 Aghamalyan V. A.The old metamorphic complexes of the territory of Armenian SSR and their tectonic dispositionProceedings of Reports of the Second Regional Petrographic Symposium on Caucasus1978TbilisiCrimea and Carpathians109115(in Russian) Magmatic and Metamorphic Formations of Armenian SSR Aghamalyan V. A. 121 1981 Aghamalyan V. A.Blueschist formationMagmatic and Metamorphic Formations of Armenian SSR1981YerevanHouse of Academy of Sciences of Armenian SSR121122(in Russian) Regularities of the Evolution of the Earth's Crust Aghamalyan V. A. 1996 Formation and the evolution of the earth's crust of the region of the articulation of the passive and active margins of Tethys based on the example to Armenia Aghamalyan V. A.Formation and the evolution of the earth's crust of the region of the articulation of the passive and active margins of Tethys based on the example to ArmeniaRegularities of the Evolution of the Earth's Crust1996Report 2, Institute of Geological Sciences of the Academy of Sciences of Armenia (in Russian) 5th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology Aghamalyan V. A. 17 2004 Aghamalyan V. A.The Lesser Caucasus earth crust formation and evolution in the collision zone of Paleo-Tethys20045th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology14–20 April 2004Thessaloniki, Greece1720 Izvestia Academy of Sciences Armenian SSR Aslanyan A. T. 13 1977 Aslanyan A. T., Satian M. A.On the geological features of Transcaucasian ophiolitic zonesIzvestia Academy of Sciences Armenian SSR19774–5Nauki o Zemle1326(in Russian) Ofioliti Aslanyan A. T. 131 7 1982 Middle Cretaceous ophiolite zones of Transcaucasus and tectonic reconstructions Aslanyan A. T., Satian M. A.Middle Cretaceous ophiolite zones of Transcaucasus and tectonic reconstructionsOfioliti19827131(abstract) 10.3166/ga.18.401-416 Geological Society, London, Special Publications Sedimentary Basin Tectonics from the Black Sea and Caucasus to the Arabian Platform Avagyan A. 393 2010 Avagyan A., Sosson M., et al., Sosson M., Kaymakci N., Stephenson R. A., Bergerat F., Starostenko V.Recent tectonic stress evolution in the Lesser Caucasus and adjacent regionsSedimentary Basin Tectonics from the Black Sea and Caucasus to the Arabian Platform2010340393408Geological Society, London, Special Publications Palaeotectonic map of the Middle East, Atlas of 14 maps, Tectonosedimentary-Palinspastic maps from Late Norian to Pliocene Barrier E. 2008 Barrier E., Vrielynck B.Palaeotectonic map of the Middle East, Atlas of 14 maps, Tectonosedimentary-Palinspastic maps from Late Norian to Pliocene2008Paris, FranceCommission for the Geologic Map of the World (CCMW, CCGM) 10.1016/0012-821X(96)00056-8 Proceedings of Scientific Session Dedicated to 100th Anniversary of Academician M. A. Kashkai. Baku Babazadeh V. M. 58 2007 Babazadeh V. M., Ramazanov V. G., Mammadov Z. I., Ismailova A. M., Abdullayeva Sh. F.Geological-geophysical and geochemical fundamentals of the model of ore-magmatic systems of porphyry-copper deposits of the Kedabek ore district2007Proceedings of Scientific Session Dedicated to 100th Anniversary of Academician M. A. Kashkai. Baku5884 Sovetskaya Geologia Belov A. A. 26 8 1973 Relicts of Mesozoic oceanic crust among the crystalline complexes of the Miskhana massif of Armenia Belov A. A., Sokolov S. D.Relicts of Mesozoic oceanic crust among the crystalline complexes of the Miskhana massif of ArmeniaSovetskaya Geologia197382641(in Russian) Reports of the USSR Academy of Science Belov A. A. 784 321 1991 New data about the age of the ophiolites of Vedi (Armenia) Belov A. A., Bragin N. Yu., Vishnevskaya V. S., Satian M. A., Sokolov S. D.New data about the age of the ophiolites of Vedi (Armenia)Reports of the USSR Academy of Science1991321784787(in Russian) 10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00239-5 10.1016/j.epsl.2004.02.013 Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece Proceedings of the 11th International Congress Danelian T. 31 40 2007 Danelian T., Galoyan G., Rolland Y., Sosson M.Palaeontological (Radiolarian) Late Jurassic age constraint for the Stepanavan ophiolite (Lesser Caucasus, Armenia)200740Proceedings of the 11th International CongressMay 2007Athens3138Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 10.1016/j.crpv.2008.05.001 Geological Society, London, Special Publications Sedimentary Basin Tectonics from the Black Sea and Caucasus to the Arabian Platform Danelian T. 383 2010 Danelian T., Asatryan G., Sahakyan L., Galoyan G. H., Sosson M., Avagyan A., Sosson M., Kaymakci N., Stephenson R. A., Bergerat F., Starostenko V.New and revised Radiolarian biochronology for the sedimentary cover of ophiolites in the Lesser Caucasus (Armenia)Sedimentary Basin Tectonics from the Black Sea and Caucasus to the Arabian Platform2010340383391Geological Society, London, Special Publications 10.1016/0040-1951(86)90199-X The Upper-Cretaceous Deposits of the South-Western Part of Armenian SSR Eghoyan V. L. 1955 Eghoyan V. L.The Upper-Cretaceous Deposits of the South-Western Part of Armenian SSR1955YerevanIzdatelstvo NAS Arm. SSR(in Russian) 10.1016/j.epsl.2005.11.046 10.1016/j.crte.2007.06.002 10.1016/j.jseaes.2008.04.002 Ophiolitic Paleooceanic Crust of Armenia (South Caucasus) Gevorkyan R. G. 2003 Gevorkyan R. G., Gevorkyan M. R.Ophiolitic Paleooceanic Crust of Armenia (South Caucasus)2003YerevanGEOID(in Russian) 10.1016/j.tecto.2002.06.004 Biostratigraphy of the Upper Cretaceous Deposits of Armenian SSR Hakobyan V. T. 1978 Hakobyan V. T.Biostratigraphy of the Upper Cretaceous Deposits of Armenian SSR1978YerevanIzdatelstvo NAS Arm. SSR(in Russian) Izvestia NAS of RA Karakhanian A. 3 2004 Active volcanoes and volcanic hazard in the Armenian Highland and adjacent areas Karakhanian A., Jrbashyan R., et al.Active volcanoes and volcanic hazard in the Armenian Highland and adjacent areasIzvestia NAS of RA2004LVII324 10.1016/S0377-0273(01)00241-4 Geodynamics of the Formation of the Volcanic Complexes of the Lesser Caucasus Karyakin Y. V. 1989 Karyakin Y. V.Geodynamics of the Formation of the Volcanic Complexes of the Lesser Caucasus1989Moscow ‘Nauka’(in Russian) Petrographic Study of the Loki-Jandari Crystalline Massif Tbilisi Kazakhashvili T. G. 1 1950 Kazakhashvili T. G.Petrographic Study of the Loki-Jandari Crystalline Massif Tbilisi1950190(in Russian) Proceedings of Geological Society of Georgia Kekelia M. 109 9 1980 Petrological peculiarities of the rocks of gneiss-migmatite complex of the Khrami salient Kekelia M., Khutsishvili O.Petrological peculiarities of the rocks of gneiss-migmatite complex of the Khrami salientProceedings of Geological Society of Georgia19809109116(in Russian) Proceedings of the Geological Institute of Academy of Sciences of Georgia, new series Kekelia S. 706 119 2004 Metallogeny of active paleomargins of continents (on example of Alpine metallic deposits of Caucasus and Pontides) Kekelia S., Kekelia M., Otkhmezuri Z., Moon Ch.Metallogeny of active paleomargins of continents (on example of Alpine metallic deposits of Caucasus and Pontides)Proceedings of the Geological Institute of Academy of Sciences of Georgia, new series2004119706727 Transactions Knipper A. L. 1975 Knipper A. L.The oceanic crust in the structure of the Alpine Folded Belt (South Europe, western part of Asia and Cuba)Transactions1975267Moscow‘Nauka’(in Russian) Geotektonica Knipper A. L. 54 4 1976 Vedi ophiolites (Armenia) autochton or allochton? Knipper A. L., Sokolov S. D.Vedi ophiolites (Armenia) autochton or allochton?Geotektonica197645466(in Russian) Ofioliti, Special Issue Knipper A. L. 297 2 1980 Structural position of ophiolites of the Caucasus Knipper A. L., Khain E. V.Structural position of ophiolites of the CaucasusOfioliti, Special Issue19802297314 10.1016/0040-1951(86)90198-8 10.1016/j.epsl.2007.02.011 Mémoire de la Société Géologique de France Lordkipanidze M. 103 154 1988 Mesozoic–Cenozoic magmatic evolution of the Pontian–Crimean–Caucasian region Lordkipanidze M., Meliksetian B., Djerbashian R.Mesozoic–Cenozoic magmatic evolution of the Pontian–Crimean–Caucasian regionMémoire de la Société Géologique de France1988154103124 Volcanology and Seismology Maghakyan R. 39 3 1985 Geochemistry of the Jurassic-Lower cretaceous volcanic assemblage of northern Armenia Maghakyan R., Zakariadze G., Dmitriev L., Kolesov G., Korovina M.Geochemistry of the Jurassic-Lower cretaceous volcanic assemblage of northern ArmeniaVolcanology and Seismology198533953(in Russian) Izvestia NAS of Armenia, Nauki o Zemle Melikyan L. S. 32 3 2004 Some geological and structural features of inner structure of the Amassiya–Sevan ophiolitic zone (Republic of Armenia) Melikyan L. S.Some geological and structural features of inner structure of the Amassiya–Sevan ophiolitic zone (Republic of Armenia)Izvestia NAS of Armenia, Nauki o Zemle200433238(in Russian) Petrology and Geochemistry of the Intrusive Complexes of Some Ore Regions Melkonian R. L. 1976 Petrology, mineralogy and geochemistry of the complexes of Alaverdi ore region Melkonian R. L.Petrology, mineralogy and geochemistry of the complexes of Alaverdi ore regionPetrology and Geochemistry of the Intrusive Complexes of Some Ore Regions1976Ana of Armc SSR, Armenian SSR (in Russian) 10.1134/S0869591106040059 Neotectonics of the Caucasus Milanovski E. E. 1968 Milanovski E. E.Neotectonics of the Caucasus1968MoscowNedra(in Russian) 10.1016/S0040-1951(99)00027-X History of the Ocean Tethys Monin A. S. 1987 Monin A. S., Zonenshain L. P.History of the Ocean Tethys1987Moscow Institute of Oceanology(in Russian) Geological Map of Caucasus at 1/500 000 scale Nalivkin P. V. 1976 Nalivkin P. V.Geological Map of Caucasus at 1/500 000 scale1976Ministry of Geology, USSR, Cief Peri-Tethys Memoir 3: Stratigraphy and Evolution of Peri-Tethyan Platforms. Mémoire du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle Nikishin A. M. 163 1998 Nikishin A. M., Cloething S., Brunet M.-F., Stephenson R. A., Bolotov S. N., Ershov A. V., Crasquin-Soleau S., Barrier E.Scythian Platform, Caucasus and Black Sea Region: Mesozoic–Cenozoic tectonic history and dynamicsPeri-Tethys Memoir 3: Stratigraphy and Evolution of Peri-Tethyan Platforms. Mémoire du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle1998177Paris163176 Geological Society, London, Special Publications Sedimentary Basin Tectonics from the Black Sea and Caucasus to the Arabian Platform Oberhänsli R. 461 2010 Oberhänsli R., Candan O., Bousquet R., Rimmele G., Okay A., Goff J., Sosson M., Kaymakci N., Stephenson R. A., Bergerat F., Starostenko V.Alpine high pressure evolution of the eastern Bitlis complex, SE Turkey, GSLSedimentary Basin Tectonics from the Black Sea and Caucasus to the Arabian Platform2010340461483Geological Society, London, Special Publications Paffenholtz K. N.Geological History of the Caucasus1959Izdatelstvo NAS Arm. SSR (in Russian) 10.1016/S0040-1951(01)00258-X 10.1029/93TC00514 Stratigraphy of the Cretaceous Deposits of the Lesser Caucasus. Regional Stratigraphy of USSR Rengarten V. P. 1959 Rengarten V. P.Stratigraphy of the Cretaceous Deposits of the Lesser Caucasus. Regional Stratigraphy of USSR1959MoscowIzdatelstvo of AS of USSR(in Russian) 10.1080/09853111.1994.11105266 10.1016/0040-1951(86)90194-0 10.1016/S0024-4937(02)00160-3 Geological Society, London, Special Publications Sedimentary Basin Tectonics from the Black Sea and Caucasus to the Arabian Platform Rolland Y. 353 2010 Rolland Y., Galoyan G., Sosson M., Melkonyan R., Avagyan A., Sosson M., Kaymakci N., Stephenson R. A., Bergerat F., Starostenko V.The Armenian Ophiolite: insights for Jurassic back‐arc formation, Lower Cretaceous hot spot magmatism, and Upper Cretaceous obduction over the South Armenian BlockSedimentary Basin Tectonics from the Black Sea and Caucasus to the Arabian Platform2010340353382Geological Society, London, Special Publications 10.1007/s00531-007-0286-8 10.1016/j.lithos.2009.02.006 Satian M. A.The Late Cretaceous Lithogenesis of the Ophiolitic Zones of Armenian SSR (Lesser Caucasus)1979Izdatelstvo NAS Arm. SSR (in Russian) Izvestia NAS of Armenia Satian M. A. 3 1 2005 Mesozoic ophiolite basins of the Transcaucasian geotraverse Satian M. A.Mesozoic ophiolite basins of the Transcaucasian geotraverseIzvestia NAS of Armenia2005138(in Russian) 10.1016/0040-1951(81)90275-4 Dokladi Akademii Nauk SSSR Shengelia D. M. 694 30 1989 The new data regarded metamorphics of Lokhi crystalline salient of the Transcaucasian median massif Shengelia D. M., Vashakidze V. T., Poporadze H. G.The new data regarded metamorphics of Lokhi crystalline salient of the Transcaucasian median massifDokladi Akademii Nauk SSSR198930694698(in Russian) Sokolov S. D.The Olistostromes and Ophiolitic Nappes of the Lesser Caucasus1977MoscowIzdatelstvo ‘Nauka’(in Russian) International Geological Correlation Program Peri-Tethys Memoir 6: Periththyan Rift/Wrench Basins and Passive Margins Stampfli G. M. 51 2001 Stampfli G. M., Mosar J., Faver P., Pillevuit A., Vannay C. J.Permo-Mesozoic evolution of the western Tethyan realm: the Neotethys/East-Mediterranean connectionPeri-Tethys Memoir 6: Periththyan Rift/Wrench Basins and Passive Margins200136951108International Geological Correlation Program 10.1007/978-3-662-01141-6_64 Geochemistry Tsameryan O. P. 1140 8 1988 Classifying of ophiolite volcanic series of Minor Caucasus based on the composition of rocks and melts Tsameryan O. P., Zakariadze G. S., Sobolev A. V., Kononkova N. N.Classifying of ophiolite volcanic series of Minor Caucasus based on the composition of rocks and meltsGeochemistry1988811401158(in Russian) Geological Society, London, Special Publications Tectonics and Magmatism in Turkey and the Surrounding Area Yilmaz A. 171 2000 Yilmaz A., Adamia S., Chabukiani A., Chkhotua T., Erdogan K., Tuzcu S., Karabiyikoglu M., Bozcuri E., Winchester J. A., Piper J. D. A.Structural correlation of the southern Transcaucasus (Georgia)-eastern Pontides (Turkey)Tectonics and Magmatism in Turkey and the Surrounding Area2000173171182Geological Society, London, Special Publications Ofioliti Zakariadze G. S. 439 8 1983 The ophiolite volcanic series of the Lesser Caucasus Zakariadze G. S., Knipper A. V., Sobolev O. P., Tsamerian Q. V., Dmitiev L. V., Vishnevskaya V. S., Kolesov G. M.The ophiolite volcanic series of the Lesser CaucasusOfioliti19838439466 Petrology Zakariadze G. S. 388 6 1998 Petrology, geochemistry, and Sm–Nd age of the pre-late Variscan paleooceanic complex of the Dzirula salient, Transcaucasian massif Zakariadze G. S., Karpenko S. F., Bazylev B. A., Adamia Sh. A., Oberhaensli R. E.Petrology, geochemistry, and Sm–Nd age of the pre-late Variscan paleooceanic complex of the Dzirula salient, Transcaucasian massifPetrology19986388408(translated from Petrologiya, 6, 422–444) Geological Society, London, Special Publications South Caspian to Central Iran Basins Zanchi A. 31 2009 Zanchi A., Zanchetta S., et al., Brunet M.-F., Wilmsen M., Granath J. W.The Eo-Cimmerian (Late? Triassic) orogeny in north IranSouth Caspian to Central Iran Basins20093123155Geological Society, London, Special Publications